Ijubane: amakhilomitha angama-65 ngehora
Indawo yokuhlala: Eshiya
I-Habitat: Okucashile, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-65 edlule.
Ukuhunyushwa kwegama: ukulingisa inkukhu
Amarekhodi: dinosaur esheshayo
Isikhundla | Amatekisi |
---|---|
Eqinisweni ukhona | Ukuba |
INaddomain | I-Biota |
Isizinda | Ama-Eukaryotes |
Umbuso | Izilwane |
Umbuso | Eumetazoi |
Uhlobo | Chordate |
Kwehlula | I-Zavropsida |
Isigaba | Izilwane ezihuquzelayo |
Isidumbu | I-Diapsid |
I-infraclass | I-Archosauromorphs |
Isikwele | Ama-Archosaurs |
Igugu | Ama-Ornithodirs |
Ukuhlonza | Dinosaurs |
Isizinda | Lizopharyngeal |
Umndeni | Theropods |
Ngokuzithoba | I-Coelurosaurus |
Umusa | Ama-Ornithomimosaurids |
Buka | Gallimimus |
Kunezici eziningi lapho i-gallimima ihlukaniswa kalula khona kwamanye ama-dinosaurs. Okokuqala, imilenze yakhe yangemuva yayimude futhi incane, ukuze akwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo ezinkulu ngokungajwayelekile. Uma uke wabona imbungulu egijima, ungacabanga kahle ukuthi i-gallimimus ingagijima ngokushesha kangakanani. Imilenze emide ye-gallimimus yaphelela ezinyaweni ezikhululekile, futhi lokhu kuqinisekisa ososayensi ukuthi i-gallimimus ingakha isivinini esimnandi.
Ngakho-ke, ezimeni eziningi, lo msubathi wezinsalela zamathambo angaphunyuka kunoma yisiphi isisulu esihlasela ngaso, empeleni emizuzwini embalwa sishiya umhlaseli ngemuva kakhulu.
Uqhwaku lwe-gallimimus lwaluyinqolobane. Ngenxa yesimo sabo esihle, ama-gallimims awazange ahlushwe yindlala.
- Isiqhingi saseJurassic
- Ipaki leJurassic
- Umhlaba weJurassic
- I-Jurassic World 2: UMbuso Owe
- I-Dinosaur
- Dynamo
- I-Dinosaur Island (2002)
- Amaqiniso ayi-100 mayelana nama-dinosaurs
- Dinosaurs - encyclopedia ephelele
- Ipaki leJurassic: umakhi
- Umhlaba we-Jurassic umdlalo
Isidina esisheshayo - i-gallimimus
Ubuwazi ukuthi ama-dinosaurs abengekho kuphela amakhulu futhi anzima kunezilwane zanamuhla, kodwa futhi ashesha?
Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ijubane elikhulu kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, i-gallimima elingakhula ngalo, lilingana nesivinini sezintshe zesimanje - amamayela angama-80 ngehora. Ngisho noma ama-gallimim egijima kancane, bebesazokwazi ukuthola umpetha wamanje phakathi kwama-sprinters - u-Usain Bolt, emqheleni wakhe ophindwe kayikhulu.
Gallimims ku-movie Jurassic Park
Ukuhlukaniswa:
Umndeni: Ornithomimids.
I-oda: I-Lizard-pelvic.
Isizinda: Theropods.
Gallimimus - usayizi wokuqhathaniswa nendoda
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Ukutholwa
Izinsalela zokuqala zale dayinaso zatholakala ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti 1963 yiqembu labaphenyi elaliholwa uSolwazi Zofya Kelan-Yavorovskaya eZagan Hushu ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwasePoland naseMongolia eGert Desert eMongolia. Ubike lokho akuthole ngo-1965. Ngo-1972, kwaqanjwa amafosili futhi achazwa ngabasebenza nge-paleontologists uRinchen Baabold, uHalska Osmulskaya no-Eva Ronevich. Umbono kuphela Gallimimus bullatus . Igama elijwayelekile livela ku-lat. i-gallus - "iqhude" kanye nokulingisa - "mime, mimic", ngokubhekisele kumakhosi angaphambili e-vertebrae yomlomo wesibeleko, afana nalawo enkukhu. I-epithet yezinhlobo iqhamuka enkulwaneni yesiLatini - isembozo somlingo esigqokwa entanyeni ngabantu abasha baseRoma yasendulo, sibhekisa ukuvuvukala kwengxenye engezansi kwethambo le-parasphenoid.
Uhlobo lohlobo, i-IGM 100/11, luqukethe isikhumba esinqunyiwe esifaka isikhumba nomhlathi ophansi. Kwachazwa nezinye amathambo ambalwa, kufaka phakathi awabantu abangakakhuli, kanye namathambo ngamanye.
Umbono wesibili, owamenyezelwa uBarsbold ngonyaka we-1996, "Gallimimus mongoliensis", Ngokusekelwe kusampula ye-IGM 100/14 evela ekwakhiweni kweBayanshiree, akukaze kuhlanganiswe ngokusemthethweni nalolu hlobo, kepha kungamele uhlobo olusha, manje olungaqanjwa ngegama lama-ornithomimids.
Incazelo
Ngaphandle, i-gallimimus ifana kakhulu nenciniba: ikhanda elincane, amehlo amakhulu ayindilinga, umlomo wobuhlalu, intamo ende, ngaphambili amafushane nemilenze yangemuva ende, nomsila omude. Isici esibonakalayo ekuzimiseleni kwe-gallimima yingxenye emfushane ecace bha ye-forelimb maqondana nobude be-humerus uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-ornithomimids. Umsila wawusetshenziswa njenge-counterweight. Amehlo asezinhlangothini zekhanda, okusho ukuthi i-gallimimus yayingenawo umbono we-binocular. Njengezinyoni eziningi zesimanje nama -ropods, wawunamathambo angenalutho. UGallimim wayenezici eziningi zokugijima kahle: i-ilium enamandla, isisekelo somsila osindayo, izinyawo ezinde, i-tibia ende namathambo we-metatarsal neminwe emifushane, kodwa akwaziwa ukuthi wayengagijima kangakanani ngokushesha. Onke ama-ornithomimid ayekade e-skulls, kepha ugebhezi lwe-gallimimus lwalude kakhulu, ngenxa yaphambi kwesihlalo sesibeletho. Izihlakala zabantu abangavuthiwe zazifushane kakhulu.
Umcwaningi waseNorway uJorn Hurum ushicilele incazelo eningilisiwe yomhlathi ophansi ogcwele ngo-2001 Gallimimus bullatus . Wabona ukuthi amathambo enza imihlathi 'ayemincane ephepheni' futhi alungisa amaphutha amancane enziwe ekuchazeni komhlathi ophansi wesilwane. Ubuye futhi waveza ukuthi ukuhlangana kwesihlathi okuqinile kuvimbela noma yikuphi ukuhamba phakathi kwangaphambi nangemuva komhlathi ophansi.
Beak kanye paleoecology
Imikhuba yokudla yama-ornithomimid abangela impikiswano enkulu. Ekuqaleni, abacwaningi babekholelwa ukuthi ama-gallimims adla izilwane ezincane, esebenzisa ama-paws amade ukubamba. Izinguqulo zakamuva zifaka phakathi i-omnivorous ne-herbivorous.
Ngo-2001, uNorell nozakwabo babika isampula le-gallimim (IGM 100/1133), okuyigebhezi elinezicubu ezithambile ezigcinwe. Lesi sigaxa, kanye nolunye ugebhezi olusha lwe-ornithomim, sasinomlomo oqiniswe nge-keratinized anemifantu emile ephuma emhlathini ongenhla wokuphakama. Lezi zinhlaka zifana ne-duck lamellae, ngosizo zazo ukuhlunga amanzi, zibamba izinhlayiya ezincane ezidliwayo zezitshalo, i-foraminifera, ama-mollusks nama-ostracods. Abaphenyi baphinde babona ukuthi ama-ornithomimidids ahlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinomswakama futhi onqabile ezimweni ezomile, futhi baphakamisa nokuthi kungenzeka bathembele emithonjeni yokudla ehambisana namanzi abawadingayo ukuhlunga. Baphawule ukuthi ama-ornithomimid akudala wayenamazinyo akhule kahle, kanti amafomu athuthukile ayenamazinyo amnyama futhi mhlawumbe ayengakwazi ukondla izilwane ezinkulu.
Olunye ucwaningo olusanda kwenziwa lwakungabaza ukutholwa kukaNorell. UBarrett ngonyaka ka-2005 waphawula ukuthi ama-vertical protrusion abonakala engxenyeni engaphakathi yoqhwaku oluqinile lwe-herbivorous turtle, kanye ne-edmontosaurus hadrosaurus. U-Barrett uphinde wahlongoza ukubalwa kwamandla angakanani amandla atholakala ezondlweni ngokuhlunga, kanye nokulinganiselwa kwezidingo zamandla wesilwane esikhulu kangaka njenge-gallimimus. Waphetha ngokuthi ukudla okudla izitshalo kungenzeka ukuthi kube ngumthombo wokudla okunempilo.
Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe kweNemegta Fform kuphakamisa ubukhona bemifudlana nemifudlana yemifula, amachibi acwebile nasolwandle. Idiphozithi futhi ikhombisa indawo yokuhlala eningi yokudla okunhlobonhlobo, ebedliwa amadinosaurs amakhulu amaCretaceous.
Isidina esisheshayo - i-gallimimus
789 | izivakashi ezihlukile |
9 | ingeziwe kuzintandokazi |
Inchazelo yegama ngu "Ukulingisa Inkukhu
Ukuphakama - amamitha ayi-2,5
Ubude - 6 metres
Ezempilo:
(Juvie :) 80-700
(Abantu abadala :) 720-1000
Isikhathi sokukhula: imizuzu engama-90 (amahora angu-1,3)
(Juvy :) imizuzu engama-40
(Abantu abadala :) imizuzu engama-50
I-Stamina (Stamina):
(Juvy :) 100-150 (Kwanele imizuzu engama-2:30)
(Abantu abadala :) 150-400 (Kwanele imizuzu engama-6:40)
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Stamina:
(Juvy :) 1-2 / sec
(Abadala :) 0,6 / sec
Ijubane eligijimayo:
(Juvey :) 48.6 km / h
(Abantu abadala :) 48.6 km / h
Indlala:
(Juvy :) 20-20 (Kwanele imizuzu engama-20)
(Abantu abadala :) 44-220 (Kwanele imizuzu eminingi)
Umile:
(Juvie :) 20-20
(Abantu abadala :) 20-30
Ukulimala:
(Juvie :) 9-18
(Abantu abadala :) 20-150
Ukululama Kwezempilo:
20 ngihleli
10 Ukuma
8.5 lapho kugijima
Ithuba le-PVP libonisa ukuthi imaphi ama-dinosaurs ongawahlula (ngamaphesenti).
0 - 20 - ithuba elincane kakhulu
21-30 - ithuba elincane
31 - 60 - ithuba eliphakathi
I-61 - 80 - ithuba eliphakeme
I-81 - 100 - ithuba eliphakeme kakhulu
Utaraptor - 50% (uma uzama ukubalekela kuye)
Okwamanje, kunohlobo olulodwa kuphela lotshani olungadliwa ngamakhambi. Lezi zingca ezinkulu, eziphakathi, nezincane ezi-currant ezinama-currant. Babukeka ngokufana. Ungabathola ngokuhogela (ngokubamba u-Q), noma ngamehlo akho - ngamajikijolo abomvu.
Kwesobunxele - hhayi isihlahla esidliwayo
Kwesokudla- - kudliwe
IGallimimus idayinaso elibuthakathaka, nelingenakuzivikela elincike isivinini salo namandla okubalekela izisulu. IGallimimus isebenzisa ukukhahlela okungabulala uVelociraptor, Herreresaur kanye no-Australiaoraptor ngokushaya okukodwa. Ukukhahlela akuzithinti izitha ezinkulu (noma kunalokho, kusebenza, kepha kubuthakathaka kakhulu).
Uma uGallimimus ephuke umlenze, uyisisulu esilula kunoma yisiphi isisulu, ngoba ngeke ikwazi ukuphunyula. Ungacasha emahlahleni ukuze uthathe ikhava uze uphulukise unyawo.
IGallimim iyona dino esheshayo kulo mdlalo. Kepha amaCarnotaurs nama Utaraptors angakwazi ukumthola kalula uma egijima, njengoba ebambe izinyawo kusengaphambili.
Ungahlangana nabanye, ama-dinosaurs anamandla futhi avikeleke kakhulu ezinkomeni ezinkulu. Ijubane eliphakeme nendawo enkulu yokukhuthazela kwenza iGali ibe isoutout enhle kakhulu noma "isithunywa" kumabanga amakhulu (ngokwesibonelo, uma imihlambi emibili ikude kakhulu komunye nomunye).