I-Saiga ne-saiga amagama abesilisa nabesifazane okukodwa kokubhalwe phansi kwezingwe. Izimpilo zisezindaweni ezincane, ezihambisana nenani eliphansi kakhulu lezinhlobo. Ama-Saigas abhekwa kufanelekile ukuthi angenye yezilwane ezincelisayo ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni. Baphila iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane eyikhulu, basinda ezinye, izilwane ezinkulu nezinamandla, kepha azishintshile, bakwazile ukuzivumelanisa nezimo. Kepha isikhathi siyashuba, umhlaba usushintshe kakhulu, manje ama-saigas asondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni. Njengoba izinhlobo ze-saiga zaqala kudala kakhulu, zinezici ezithile ezigcizelela ukuhluka kwesilwane futhi zihlukile kubalingani bezimpawu zenzalo.

Landa ukuthi i-saiga isilwane esihle, kuphela umuntu othanda isilwane. Lolu hlobo, uma luqhathaniswa nodenge noma i-antelope, luphansi ngokuphelele emininingwane yangaphandle. Iphakathi ngosayizi, ikhula ingadluli kumamitha ayi-1.5 ubude, futhi ayikhuli ibe ngamamitha ukuphakama. Abesifazane bancane kunabalingani babo. ISaigas inesisindo esingama-25 kuye kwangama-40 kg. Umzimba ubunjiwe umgqomo, yebo, unesisu esiyindilinga. Umsila mfushane, kuze kufike ku-10 cm, embozwe ngoboya. Imilenze imincane, uma kuqhathaniswa nesizinda somzimba omnyama abukeka emfishane. Qeda ngezinselo eziphindwe kabili ngeminwe emibili. Lapho iwela phansi, iminwe iyaphambuka, ishiye iminonjimfu ka-6 cm, ifane nenhliziyo edonswayo. Intamo iyaphakama, imfishane, ine-bend. Ikhanda alilikhulu, ubude bawo bube ngama-30 cm.Kunezindlebe eziphakemeyo eziyindilinga, ezibekwe kabanzi, amehlo amakhulu, umlomo, onezindebe eziqhoshayo, ikhala nezimpondo.

Ikhala liyinto ehlukile yama-saigas. Ngale fomu akunakwenzeka ukudida. Yinde, iqala ukuphakama, ilenga phezulu komlomo omkhulu. Iyala, ngoba iphetha ngesibumbu esincane. Ibuye ibanzi, idala ukufana kwe-hump ekhanda, ifane nesiqu. Ingxenye engezansi isebenza kakhulu, ingaphendukela ezinhlangothini ikhuphukele phambili.

Izimpondo zingenye yesici sobulili esinquma ngokucacile ubulili bezilwane. Kulula, iduna linezimpondo, kodwa hhayi izintokazi. Izinsikazi azinazo ngisho nezimpondo ezincane, kuyilapho owesilisa ethola ukukhula okulingana nobude bekhanda. Bayakhula, bagobe kancane, kepha bangajijizi. Amaphethelo abukhali kakhulu. Kufakwe ngentambo ukukhula kwendandatho kusuka kuphela phansi, kuya phakathi noma okuphezulu kancane. Lapho kukhula i-saiga, iba nsundu futhi ibonakala sobala, elangeni zibonakala zikhanya. Izimpondo zikhula ngeminyaka emibili.

Umbala wejazi kulama-artiodactyls uguqulwa kahle ngokwezitebhisi. Ehlobo nasebusika kwehlukile. Esikhathini esifudumele, ubude bawo abudluli ku-2 cm, umbala ubomvu futhi uphuzi. Izinhlangothi nangemuva zimnyama, imilenze, intamo, isifuba, isisu, kanye nezangaphansi zincane, zimhlophe. Uboya buhlanganisa lonke ikhanda, izinkophe, izindebe, ikhala ngisho nesiteketiso. Ebusika, umbala uba lula, uvumelana nezimo ezungezile. Uboya bunwetshwa ku-6-7 cm ukufudumeza kangcono umzimba. Ungwevu futhi mhlophe. I-saigas ephukile noma ebekwe phansi eqhweni iyohlala ingabonakali kumzingeli. Ukushintsha kwekhabethe kwenzeka ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.

Ukunyakaza kukaSaiga

Uma ubuka i-saiga ihamba esitebhisini, kungabonakala sengathi iyagoqa. Ukunyakaza kwakhe kungokungcebeleka, akenzi gxuma nokujuluka. Imilenze ihlelwe kabusha ngokwezezimali, ikhanda lehliselwa phansi naphambili. Uma impilo yesilwane isengozini, umuntu lowo angashesha kakhulu, futhi inkomba yesivinini inkulu - ifinyelela ku-70 km ngehora. Kepha lokhu kunomthelela ekubukeni okuhle nasezingeni eliphansi le-steppe. Isakhiwo somzimba, isakhiwo esiminyene nemilenze emincane, isho ngokusobala ukuthi ama-saigas awawona abameli bemidlalo yezilwane. Bangagijima ngokushesha i-10-13 km, bese bekhathele. Babhekwa njengabhukudi abahle abangakwazi ukuwela imifula ebanzi.

Izwi likaSaiga

Baxhumana kakhulu nemisindo yokuqhuma. Esimweni ezolile, athulile, amafushane, ngezikhathi zengozi - ngomsindo futhi mude. Umsindo uyasiza nasekhaleni. Izilwane ziyakwazi ukuhogela, ukuhogela, nokuhogela. Abesilisa bahlela imincintiswano, babhonga emakhaleni abo esibelethweni ngesikhathi sokuzala. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kugwemeke ukushayisana ngokomzimba.

Umlando wezinhlobo

Ngokusho kososayensi abathola futhi bahlolisise izinsalela zezilwane, i-saiga yaphila ngesikhathi sezilwane ezincelisayo, nendawo yazo yokusakazeka isuka eYurophu iye eSiberia nase-Alaska. Ngokungafani nabalingani babo abakhulu, ama-saigas, noma njengoba ebizwa nangokuthi - i-Kalmyk noma i-antelope yasenyakatho, asinda ngezikhathi ezinzima. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle nokusiza okuhle kwasiza kulokhu. Phambilini, inani lalawa ma-artiodactyls lalilikhulu; ayengabahlali abaningi kakhulu be-steppes. Ngakho-ke kwaba njalo kuze kube ngekhulu le-17 AD. Ngalezi zikhathi, abazingeli baqala ukuheha isilwane esinemibala enjalo. Ububanzi bokuzingela, ukomela inzuzo kuma-trophies, kufinyelele esikalini esingenangqondo. AmaSaigas awasafunwa; aqothulwa izinkulungwane. Ngekhulu lama-20, izinhlaka zezokuphepha zathatha masinyane laba abavikelwe ukuba bavikeleke, ngethemba lokuthi kuzolungiswa isimo. Inani labantu selilincane, ibanga selinciphile kakhulu.

Kunezindlela ezimbili ezilandelwayo zalesi sigcawu:

• I-Saiga Tatar (luhlaza). Igama elinemibandela luhlaza, alihlangene nokubukeka. Lokhu kuveza isimo sendawo, indawo okuyo indawo enhle kakhulu. Bahlala endaweni yaseRussia, Kazakhstan, emaqeleni anezihlahla. Inombolo icishe ilingane nezinjongo ezingama-50 000.
• I-Saiga Mongolian (ebomvu). Kuncane kakhulu kunabalingani bayo, inani lokubhaliselwe alidluli izinhloso eziyi-1000. Bahlala esifundeni saseMongolia, eduze nasehlane. Iphansi kumuntu ngokwezilinganiso.

OKUSHIYA UKUDLA

Ehlobo, ebusika nangesikhathi sokufuduka ama-saigas adla ngamakhambi ahlukahlukene, ama-perennials nezihlahlana eziphansi. Abesabi mncintiswano ovela kwamanye ama-ungulates, ngoba izitshalo eziningi abazidlela enye imifino zinobuthi noma zinambitha zingathandeki. Ukudla izitshalo ezimnandi, ama-saigas ngaleyo ndlela anelisa isidingo sawo samanzi, ngakho-ke isikhathi eside angakwenza ngaphandle kokunisela.

Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala ama-saigas

Yize emakhulwini ambalwa edlule, uhla lwalumboza izindawo zezifunda eziningi, njengamanje le ndawo ithatha izindawo ezincane eziseRussia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan naseKyrgyzstan. E-Russia, zitholakala kakhulu eKalmykia, yingakho igama le-Kalmyk antelope, lilingana ne-Altai ne-Astrakhan.

Ama-Saigas awathandi ukuhlala phakathi kwezimila eziphakeme, adinga inani elikhulu lamanzi kuphela lapho kushisa ehlobo, awathandi ukuhlala lapho kuhlala khona abantu. Izintandokazi zabo ziwela ezindaweni ezivulekile, emathafeni, ezindaweni eziwugwadule nasezimfundeni. Inhlabathi imvamisa i-clayey, enamadwala noma enesihlabathi, isicaba, ngaphandle kwezintaba namagquma. Izitshalo eziphansi, utshani, izihlahla eziphansi ezomile, izitshalo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, abantu bazizwa bekhululekile futhi bavikelekile. Futhi, isimo sengqondo sokungazethembi izimo zokuphila sikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe indawo njalo. Imihlambi yama-saigas ihlala ifuduka ngaphandle kokuma noma kuphi. Ebusika, zishiya izindawo ezinamaqhwa kakhulu, kuthi ehlobo zithuthele eziqongweni, eduze kwemithombo yamanzi.

Ukufuduka kwenzeka ngokungami. Umholi uhola umhlambi, ozonquma ijubane lokuhamba nendlela. Ama-saigas ama-Hardy angahamba amabanga afike ku-200 km ngosuku. Isilwane ngasinye sesaba ukusala ngemuva kwezihlobo. Ngisho nama-saigas agulayo nabadala agijimela emkhawulweni, imvamisa ebulawa ukukhathala. Indlela yokufuduka yi-zamo - eningizimu, ehlobo imihlambi iya enyakatho. Lapho imizila yezinhlangano zezilwane ezihlukene ihlangana, ukuqongelela kwabo kufinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziningana.

SAika LIFESTYLE

ISaigas idla amakhulukhulu ezinkulungwane zemihlambi emaphethelweni angapheliyo kanye nogwadule lwaseCentral Asia. Imihlambi yalaba bantu abangatheni izulazula njalo ifuna ukudla. Izilwane zihamba ngejubane elingaba ngu-6 km / h futhi zihamba ibanga elingama-50 km phakathi nosuku. Imvamisa ama-saigas azulazula kancane efuna ukudla okufanele, kuyilapho eshaqekile egijimela endaweni ephakeme. Uma isimo sezulu sishintsha singalindele, bakhulisa isivinini ngokushesha. ISaigas ingagijima ngejubane elingama-60 km / h.

Njengoba ubusika busondela, imihlambi emincane iqala ukuhlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu futhi ndawonye baya eningizimu beyofuna amadlelo acebile. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka ekwindla, ama-saigas amboza ibanga elingama-250 kuya kwangama-400 km. Ngesikhathi sokuvunguza kweqhwa, ingxenye ebalulekile yezilwane ivela ezindaweni lapho izinto ezinjalo zibusa khona, ziqhubeka ngesivinini esikhulu.

Ngabe kudlani i-saiga

Ama-Saigas ane-herbivorous ngokweqile. Ukudla kwabo kungaphansi kwezinyawo zabo. Badla cishe yonke into ekhula esigxotsheni. Noma zihamba, lezi zilwane zidwengula futhi zihlafuna izitshalo ngokudlula. Isidingo esijwayelekile sokudla kumdala ngamunye singama-5 kg ​​wemifino ngosuku. Ngokuyisisekelo banelisa isidingo samanzi ngenxa yomswakama ovela kuhlobo oluhlaza okufanayo. Eduze kokushisa, okuqala kakade ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, athuthela endaweni egcwele amachibi.

Ukudla ama-saigas:

• Irises, Tulips
• Licorice, Kermeku
• I-Fescue, utshani bukakolweni
• ISteppe lichen
• Ephedra, umhlonyane.

Lolu akulona lonke uhlu, ngoba amagama amakhambi, izimbali, izitshalo ezikulungele ukudla, ezingaphezu kwekhulu.

Izingozi Nezitha

Esitheni sokuqala kuyimpisi ye-steppe. Lesi isilwane esihlakaniphile, esiqinile. Uma ihlasela, i-saiga ingasindiswa kuphela ngendiza, izimpondo namaqhude ngeke kusize lapha. Njengoba sezinhlanhlathe amaphakethe, izimpisi zilandela imihlambi, zilinde kuze kube yilapho umuntu ediniwe, eqala ukusala ngemuva, eshaya izihlobo. Zibuye futhi zilandelele izinsikazi ezigelezayo nezowesilisa ezibuthakathaka ngenxa yokubeletha. Lezi zidleke zenza umonakalo omkhulu enanini lama-artiodactyls. Kepha kukhona abanye abathanda ukujabulela inyama ye-saiga. Leli yiqoqo lezinja ezidukayo nezimpungushe. Bahlasela ukukhula kwabancane. Iningi lezingane lingaba yizisulu zezimpungushe, izinkozi.

Enye ingozi esongela izinamba ze-saiga ngisho nangokwedlula izitha ezidalwa yizilwane yisifo. Lezi izifo ikakhulukazi ezidluliselwa ngokushesha phakathi kwabantu, okubangela ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba, amalunga, kanye nombono ophansi. Izilwane ezigulayo azinandawo yokumela usizo. Ngakho-ke imihlambi yonke iyafa.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Isikhathi sokukhwelana, njengakwezinye izinhlobo zama-artiodactyls, asiphelele ngaphandle kokubola. Lesi sikhathi siza nokuqala kobusika. ISaiga rut iyakhathala futhi inolaka. Abesilisa abakudli nakancane, bachitha sonke isikhathi bemfuna owesimame futhi bemlwela. Ukushayisana kuyizimpondo ezesabekayo, ezicijile ezishiya amanxeba ajulile asetshenzisiwe. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi konke kuhamba emhlabeni jikelele. Abesilisa bancintisana namakhala abo amakhulu. Benza umsindo omkhulu obonisa onqobayo uma omunye wabaqhudelana ezinikezela. Abesilisa abaqine kakhulu babuthana kubo iqembu labesifazane abayisi-10 kuye kwabangu-50. Baphoqelelwa ukuthi bavikele njalo, bavikele ilungelo labo kulabo ezincintisana nabo.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezinhlanu. Njengoba kunabesifazane abaningi abaphethe izithelo, bakha umhlambi wabo bese beya e-steppe. Bakhetha izindawo ezingekho nondescript lapho cishe kungekho manzi khona, okusho ukuthi izinyamazane azinalutho lapho. Zala umhlaba ngqo. Ekuzalweni kokuqala, azikho ngaphezu kwengane eyodwa, bese kuthi kuzalwa izingane ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-3. Izinsuku zokuqala, amawundlu alala enganyakazi emhlabathini, azulazula ukuze angabonwa ngabazingeli. Umama udla eduze, uza kubo futhi ondle ubisi izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngosuku. Ngemuva kwesonto, izingane ziqine ngokwanele ukulandela umama wazo kanye nomhlambi. Ukuzondla ngezimila kuqala ngemuva kwenyanga nesigamu.

Isimo se-Saiga nenani lokudoba

Isibalo esake saba sikhulu savumela abantu ukuba babazingele ngokukhululeka. Kepha izinga lokudubula kanye nezinga lokwehla kwenani lezinhlobo zezilwane landa kakhulu kangangokuba abaphathi kwadingeka bavimbele ukuzingela ukuze kusindiswe izinhlobo zezilwane ekuqothulweni. Ukuthandwa kwama-saigas kulele ezimpondweni zawo ezibizayo nasemazingeni aphansi. Izici zokuphulukisa ezingejwayelekile kuthiwa zitholakala kuzo, ezibuye zishiwo ezinganekwaneni zabantu be-steppe. Ukuvinjwa kokuzingela kuholele ekuthini inani labantu likhule futhi, imihlambi emikhulu igijima izungeze izikhala ezivulekile zohlu, futhi inani lezinhloso lifinyelela kwizigidi ezi-2 - 2,5. Ngemuva kwalokho ukuzingela kwavunyelwa futhi, okwaholela ekuqalisweni kabusha kokudutshulwa kwama-saigas ngamashumi ezinkulungwane. Lokhu kuholele esimweni esidabukisayo samanje sabantu. Izilwane bezibuye zivikelwe. Izinombolo zabo zigadiwe, izindawo abahlala kuzo zenziwa izindawo eziphephile. Ziphinde zakhiwe kabusha ngokuzalaniswa ezindaweni zasekhaya nasezifuyweni.

Izinga lokudla

Inyama yeSaiga imnandi impela, kepha idinga ukuphekwa kahle. Ngaphambi kokuyithumela ekwelashweni kokushisa, udinga ukuwuthambisa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze isitsha singaboli. Isilwane sihlala sidla ezitshalweni zasendle, ngisho nokhula nezitshalo ezinoshevu. Inyama ithatha umuthi wokubabayo, okulula ukuyisusa, lapho usebenzile ubusuku bonke wawusebenza emanzini abandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenyama ungenza noma yikuphi izindlela zokupheka nokuthuthuka. Kuhamba kahle noma yimuphi umkhiqizo, kufanelekile kunoma yikuphi ukucubungula nokusebenza. Kungatholwa, kuthosiwe, ngesitshulu, kubhakwe, kuphekwe izingcezu ezinkulu, kwenziwe ama-chops nama-meatballs.

Ngokuqondene nokuqukethwe kwekhalori nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, umkhiqizo ungadliwa ngokuphepha nganoma yikuphi ukudla okukuvumela ukuba udle inyama. Akuyona okunamafutha, kuqukethe isamba esinothile samaprotheni, amavithamini kanye namaminerali. Inamavithamini wamaqembu B1-2-4-6-9, PP, D, F. Kwamaminerali, lawa yi-potassium, i-calcium, i-fluorine, i-iron, i-zinc, ithusi, i-sodium ne-chlorine. Ngokungangabazeki lokhu kufaka i-plus kumkhiqizo.

Siyethemba ukuthi inani lama-saigas lizodlula umkhawulo ophephile, ukuze ngesinye isikhathi singene ezitsheni esimnandi esilungiselelwe kusuka enyameni yalesi silwane.

Ukubhebhetheka

Ngemuva kokuqedwa kweLate Valdai, ama-saigas ahlala kusuka entshonalanga kude kweYurophu, kufaka phakathi iBritish Isles, kuya enkabeni ye-Alaska nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeCanada. Emakhulwini eminyaka we-XVII-XVIII, ama-saiga ayehlala kuzo zonke izitebhisi kanye nogwadule olusuka emaphethelweni ezansi kwamaCarpathians entshonalanga aye eMongolia nasentshonalanga yeChina empumalanga. Ngalezo zinsuku, yafika enyakatho yaya eKiev naseBaraba sasesigodini saseSiberia. Kodwa-ke, engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-XIX, abantu basheshe bathola izikhala ze-steppe, futhi i-saiga yacishe yanyamalala eYurophu. Ububanzi nobuningi bama-saigas e-Asia nabo kunciphile kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, laligcinwa eYurophu kuphela ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zomgwaqo ongaphansi woMfula iVolga, nase-Asia - ngase-Ustyurt, eBetpak-Dal, endaweni ephakathi ne-Ili - Karatal (izihlabathi zeSaryesik-Atyrau), emigodini yamachibi asentshonalanga yeMongolia. nezinye izindawo.

Lokhu kwalandelwa ukwehla okukhulu kwesibalo futhi cishe nokuqothulwa ngokuphelele kwama-saigas ngeminyaka yo-1920s, kodwa ngenxa yezinyathelo ezithathiwe ukuvikela kanye nokuqina okuphezulu kwama-saigas, abantu baphinda bathola kanti ngawo-1950s isibalo sasingaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili zabantu ababehlala emaqeleni naseziphepheni ze-USSR yangaphambili. Ngesinye isikhathi, amaqembu ezenhlalakahle yezilwane, anjengeWorld Wildlife Fund, akhuthaza ukuzingela kwe-saiga, ebiza izimpondo zawo ukuthi zenziwe ezinye izimpondo zobhejane. Isibalo sehle futhi, futhi manje i-saiga isisohlwini lwezilwane ezigula kakhulu ezihlanganiswe yi-World Conservation Union. Kuze kube manje, abantu abangaba ngu-70,000 base-saiga abangamalungu e-Subpecies Saiga tatarica tatarica futhi bahlala eRussia (North-Western Caspian), izifunda ezintathu zeKazakhstan (iVolga-Ural Sands, i-Ustyurt neBetpak-Dala) nezifunda ezimbili ezicezile zaseMongolia (Shargin). Indawo kaGobi neManhan somona). IBlack Earth Reserve yadalwa eRiphabhulikhi yaseKalmykia (Russia) ngonyaka ka-1990 ukugcina inani labantu abangama-saiga abahlala esifundeni esiseNyakatho Ntshonalanga yeCaspian. Inani labantu eMongolia lingelinye i-subspecies - iSaiga tatarica mongolica futhi njengamanje linabantu abacishe babe ngama-3 500.

Okwamanje, yi-Zoo yaseMoscow kuphela equkethe abantu abambalwa be-saiga, ama-zoo eSan Diego naseCologne nawo ayenabo esikhathini esidlule emaqoqweni abo. Kunezinhlelo zokwenza kabusha i-saiga enyakatho-mpumalanga yeSiberia njengengxenye yephrojekthi yePleistocene Park.

Ngo-2010 eRiphabhulikhi yaseKalmykia kumenyezelwe ukuthi unyaka weSaiga.

Inkomba Yomlando

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ama-saigas ayengudaba lokudoba olubalulekile emaphethelweni aseKazakhstan, ikakhulukazi eduze nolwandle i-Aral. I-Brockhaus ne-Efron Encyclopedia idlulisela imininingwane elandelayo yokuzingela kwe-saiga:

C. bakhiwa ngesamba esikhulu ehlobo, emlilweni, lapho sebephelelwa ngamandla ekulweni nezinambuzane ezibahlukumeza - amabanga, amagajethi, futhi ikakhulukazi izibungu zamagajethi akhula ngaphansi kwesikhumba sawo, angakutholi ukuphumula, uC angena esimweni sokuqina futhi angafani nokuhlanya begijimela esitebhisini, noma njengabahlanyayo emi endaweni eyodwa bemba imigodi (i-cobla) ngezinselo zabo, bese belala kuyo, becashe ikhala labo ngaphansi kwemilenze yabo yangaphambili, bese begxumela phezulu bese begubha endaweni yabo, ngalezo zikhathi lapho uS. " ", Balahlekelwa ukuqaphela kwabo okujwayelekile, futhi abazingeli bazithele phezu kwabo adubule. Abazingeli beKyrgyz badla phansi abalingani babo, abalala ngezibhamu, ikakhulukazi eduze kwezimbobo zokunisela, noma ngezixha zomhlanga okhonjiwe, bahanjiswa emizileni lapho uS. Wehlela endaweni yokunisela, bese ebabuka emizileni, lapho bewela imifula, bangeniswa emifuleni. imigodi naphezu kweqhwa elithambekele, okuyi-S. engeke yaphunyuka kulo. Kwesinye isikhathi bazingela izinja zaseBaikal ngama-karategin greyhounds (amadansi), ahlukaniswa ngokugqama okuvelele, abazingeli baqhubeka nokuzingela okunjalo ngababili, ngamunye enophawu lwama-greyhound ephakethe, aqaphele uS, omunye wabazingeli ushayela ngaphambili komhlambi, kanti okunye kuhamba cishe ngamamayela ayi-5-8, umzingeli wokuqala uvumela izinja zingene bese zidonsela izilwane zibhekise kumzingeli wesibili, okuthi, lapho sezilinde ngo-S., zivume izinja zakhe, futhi zibambe kalula izilwane zikhathele ngokujaha kokuqala. Ngesinye isikhathi bazingela u-S. ngokhozi lwegolide. Abesifazane abangamaKyrgyz kwesinye isikhathi balandelela izinsikazi ezikhulelwe bese kuthi ngemuva kokubeletha babambe amathole amancanyana, laba badla kalula ngembuzi yasekhaya bese bekhula benenkani. S. inyama yakha isidlo esimnandi sama-nomad, izimpondo zingumkhiqizo obalulekile wokushintshaniswa kwemali, futhi isikhumba siyinto enhle kakhulu yokwenza ama-doxes (ama-ergaks). Izimpondo ze-young S. ziphuzi ngokuphelele, zinemikhawulo emnyama, zibushelelezi, ziyacwazimula, izimpondo zakudala S. zingwephuzi-ophuzi, opaque, onemifantu emide. I-Wool S. imfushane futhi inenkani, iya emikhiqizweni ehlukene yasendlini. Ukudotshwa kwe-saiga ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi inani lezimpondo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lafika kumashumi ezinkulungwane esikhathini se-1894-1896. Ubunzima obukhulu balefishari kwakungukuthi yakhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokushisa okukhulu, ngenxa yalokho abavukuzi okwakufanele baphathe usawoti kanye namashubhu kanye nabo nosawoti izilwane ezikhishwe endaweni yokuzingela.

REPRODUCING SAIGAS

Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwama-saigas siqala ngoDisemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa ngamunye uqoqa i-harem ehlanganisa i-4-6, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kusuka kwabesifazane abangu-15-20. Abesilisa abadala balwa ngokufutheka phezu kwabesifazane. Ngalesi sikhathi, iphuphu lezinsikazi liyanda, futhi amabala ansundu anephunga elimnandi lokugeleza okuphuma emithanjeni eseceleni kwamehlo, lapho abesilisa bebonana ngisho nasebusuku.

Izinsikazi zaseSaiga zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, ngaphambi kakhulu kwabesilisa. Ngaleso sizathu abesilisa abadala bavame ukuganana nabesifazane abanezinyanga ezi-8-9 abasanda kufikisa. Abesilisa bakwaSaiga bamatasa kakhulu ngokuheha izinsikazi nokuzalela kangangokuba badla kanzima ngoba abanasikhathi esanele sokubheka ukudla. Ngemuva kwenkathi yokuzalela, abesilisa bakhathele kakhulu futhi babuthakathaka kangangokuba abanye babo bayafa. Labo abasindayo bajoyine umhlambi wabo noma bakhe amaqembu ahlukane “abasebenza kakhulu”.

Ngaphambi kokuzala, izinsikazi zibuyela emadlelweni ehlobo. Bathola izingxenye ezithambile kakhulu ze-steppe egcwele utshani obuphansi, lapho izitha ezisondelayo zibonakala kude. Abesifazane abathathu kwabane bazala amawele. Ukuzalwa kwama-1 noma ama-3 amawundlu kungukuzalwa kabusha. Imvamisa abesifazane, okumele balethe inzalo, bakha izibhedlela ezibizwa ngokuthi "izibhedlela zokubeletha". Kwihektha eli-1, ngokwesilinganiso, kungaba khona izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezi-5-6. Izinsana ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuzalwa zingena ngezinyawo zazo bese ziqala ukugijima, kepha ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila zilele emhlabathini ongenalutho ngokuphelele, zihlangana nabo. Kunzima ukubona amawundlu anjalo ngisho noma kukude ngezinyathelo ezimbili noma ezintathu.

UKWAZI NGOKUGCWELE

Ithembisa kakhulu imfuyo. Abazingeli bazingela ama-saigas enyama, okhalweni nangezimpondo, lapho abelaphi baseChina benza imithi.

Ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-saigas ayezulazula emihlanjini emikhulu ezindaweni ezinkulu zaseYurophu nase-Asia. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XX, bacishe baqothulwa ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, ama-saigas, ngenhlanhla, akwazile ukusindiswa. Manje imihlambi yabo eyinkulungwane iyazulazula ezintabeni zaseKazakhstan naseningizimu yeRussia, kepha eMongolia kunqabile, njengakuqala. Izilwane ziphakathi ngosayizi - zifinyelela ku-80 cm ubude, ubude bomzimba - kufika ku-120 cm. Zihlala emaqeleni, ogwadule nakuma-desertert. Ijubane elinezinyawo eziqinile, isivinini se-saiga singafinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-70 ngehora.

Amaqiniso AQINISEKILE NGA-SAIGA.

• Kusukela ngo-1840 kuya ku-1850, abathengisi ababili baseRussia bathengisa izimpondo ezicishe zibe ngu-350,000.
• Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-saigas ahlala egcina amakhulu noma izinkulungwane zezinkomo, awalokothi alawule amadlelo.
• I-proboscis eyengeziwe idingeka ama-saigas unyaka wonke - ngesikhathi sokufuduka ngosizo lwawo ahlunga uthuli, futhi ebusika afudumeza umoya weqhwa awuthululayo.
• Abesilisa bakaSaiga, abavikela izimbotshana, abalwi hhayi ngokuphila, kodwa ngokufa, ngomqondo ongokoqobo wagama. Iningi lazo liyafa phakathi nenkathi yokuzalela.
• Kunzima kakhulu ukukhulisa ama-saigas ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane, ngoba izilwane ezethusayo zigijimisa amandla futhi zigijimela phambili, zingasebenzisi imigwaqo ihlukane.

USAWULE KANJANI?

Uboya: Ijazi eliminyene ehlobo liphuzi ngombala ophuzi, kanti ebusika kulula kakhulu, kubumba ngwevu. Izinwele ku-chin zithola isikhathi eside ebusika. Emadodeni, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, i-mane ikhula entanyeni.

Izimpondo: akhule abesilisa kuphela. Kuthunyelwe cishe ngokuthe nkqo ngedolo elinjenge-lyre. Izimpondo ziyi-translucent, i-waxy elula. Izimpondo eziningi zinamagquma wangaphambilini.

Ikhanda: ukuvuvukala umswakama emuva ngesithambisi esithambile esishukumisayo silenga phezu komlomo. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, i-proboscis yabesilisa iyanda.

Izimbotshana: mude futhi mncane, kuphetha ngeminwe emibili namahlosi (i-saiga ingeyama-artiodactyls).

- Ibanga leSaiga

LAPHO USIGAH Ehlala

USaiga uhlala emaqeleni eCentral Asia endaweni encane yaseRussia, eMongolia naseChina. Ngekhulu le-XVII, umngcele osentshonalanga wohlu lwawo wafinyelela kuma Carpathians.

ISIVIVINYO

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ama-saigas asongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Kusukela ngo-1919, i-saiga ibivikelwe. Inani lama-saigas lenyukele kubantu abayizigidi eziyi-1,3, kepha bonke bahlala endaweni elinganiselwe.