Ihhashi lokugibela laseMelika lasungulwa ngekhulu le-19. Ngaleso sikhathi, abatshali bendawo babenesidingo samahhashi anobuthakathaka, ukukhuthazela nokuqina kwe-gait. Kulamahhashi anjalo kungaba lula ukuzungeza izindawo ezinkulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye sikhululeke esihlalweni. Namuhla lo mugqa wokuzalela ungenye edume kakhulu eMelika. Abamele bayo bakhombisa izithiyo zabo ezinhle emasondweni ombukiso, phakathi kwawo kunesifo sohlangothi olunzima kakhulu, olubizwa ngeRack.
Ukufuya kwamahhashi aseMelika
Umlando womsuka
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, izinhlobo zamahhashi ezi-2 zazithandwa eNyakatho Melika - i-Old Narragansetta kanye neCanada. Lawa mahhashi ayengamaphakethe. Ngokwesisekelo sabo, kwakhiwa umugqa omusha womdwebo owedlule ngokuwela nabamahhashi abasebenza ngokuqinile, ababevela eNgilandi. Abatshalizeli baseMelika babedinga kakhulu amahhashi ayenezimpawu ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye - ukuqina nokuthambile kwe-gait. Kwakudingeka bazungeze impahla yabo nsuku zonke, beba sesosibeni amahora angama-5-8.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, kwakhiwa uhlobo, abantu ababelibiza ngokuthi lwaseMelika. Amahhashi azuze izimfanelo ezidingekayo kokhokho bawo - bamukela ubuhle, umusa nokugqwala kusuka kubamele bohlobo lwesiNgisi, futhi ubumnene babudluliselwa kubo ngomugqa womama. Ukutholakala kokuqala kwehhashi laseMelika kutholakala kumanothi kahulumeni atholakala ngo-1776.
Ngekhulu le-18, lokhu kuzalaniswa kwaba nokusetshenziswa kwendawo yonke. Ngezinsuku zamasonto, abamele bayo basebenza ngokuzikhandla ensimini, futhi ngezimpelasonto babesetshenziselwa ukugibela amahhashi nasezimotweni.
Ukunaka! Ukuze kuthuthukiswe, ihhashi laseMelika lalandelwa kamuva ngemidlwane yaseMorgan neyeStandbred. Ngenxa yalokhu, amahhashi aba namandla ngokwengeziwe futhi aqine.
Emibukisweni eyayiqhutshwa njalo eMelika, abamele lolu hlobo olusha bathola amamaki aphezulu hhayi nje kuphela ngobuhle babo, kodwa nangezimfanelo zabo ezinhle zokusebenza kanye nekhono lokukhombisa izigqoko ezihlukile. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango, la mahhashi akhonza ngokwethembeka emyalweni weConfederate. Bazibonakalise beyizilwane ezinesibindi, ezinesibindi nezomeleleyo. Mayelana nokuthandwa okuthuthukayo kokuzalela kwamahhashi aseMelika ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuthi sikwamukele ngokusemthethweni futhi sikubhalise. Kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1891.
Izici ze-American Riding Horse
Abamele umugqa we-pedigree, owakhiwe e-United States, bathole ukuthandwa ngenxa yezimpawu zabo zokusebenza okuhle. Isici sabo esikhulu yikhono lokuhamba nge-gait eyinkimbinkimbi, ebizwa ngokuthi eMelika ibizwa ngokuthi i-wreck.
Lesi isiphambano phakathi kwe-trot ne-amble. Le ndlela yokuhamba ibonakala ngokuthwebulwa okukhulu kwesikhala nokwandiswa okuphansi kwemilenze. Ukuba sesibayeni, umgibeli uzizwa ekhululekile, njengoba inyongo iba ngokushesha impela, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye bushelelezi.
Ukunaka! Amahhashi aseMelika agibela amahhashi anamahhashi amahlanu. Amandla okuhambisa umnyakazo awasize azuza udumo emhlabeni.
Amalungu amaningi wohlobo lokuzala akwazi ukuhambisa ingozi kusuka ekuzalweni. Kukhona izitha ezithile kuphela okufanele ziqeqeshe i-pacifier enjalo. Benza isayensi ngokushesha, emihlanganweni embalwa yokuziqeqesha, bese bethuthukisa amakhono abo.
Amahhashi wohlobo lokugibela lwaseMelika ayakwazi ukwenza isenzo esikhethekile lapho izitho zakho zasemuva zibekwa emuva emuva. Ngasikhathi sinye, umsila wehhashi uphakanyiswa phezulu. E-America, imibukiso nemibukiso kade yenziwa lapho amahhashi ekhombisa amathalente abo.
Inkomba. Ukuze umsila wezilwane uhlale usesimweni esiphakeme, ziyahlinzwa lapho imisipha engaphansi komsila wayo isikwa.
Ingaphandle nombala
Amahhashi okugibela aseMelika anomzimba wokugijima futhi ahlukaniswa ukubukeka kwawo okuhle. Zinezikhumba ezacile kanye ne-silky mane. Okumnandi kakhulu ukubonwa kokunyakaza kwabo. Kubukeka sengathi amabhiza ayadansa.
Bheka izici eziphambili zangaphandle zamahhashi:
Umgibeli wehhashi waseMelika
- ukuphakama kungama-1.55 m,
- ikhanda lome futhi liqinile ngephrofayili eqondile (engavamelani ukuthinta),
- izindlebe ezikhomba ngokuqondile,
- amehlo amakhulu aqondayo
- umzimba omude onomhlane oqinile nokugoba okuncane emuva emuva,
- intamo ende emide enokubuna okuchazwe kahle,
- athuthukise izingalo zemisipha,
- isifuba esikhulu esikhulu
- setha eliphezulu elicocekile
- imilenze emide eyomile ngesilungiselelo esifanele.
Amahhashi okugibela aseMelika angavezwa kunoma yimuphi umbala, kepha imvamisa kakhulu ngokuzalanisa kukhona amasudi anjalo:
Iningi labamele umugqa wohlobo lokuzalela oludingidwayo lithulule amabala amhlophe engxenyeni engaphambili yekhanda namaphethelo.
Isimilo
Amahhashi emvelaphi yaseMelika alizuza kokhokho bawo amandla okuzinikela ekusebenzeni ngokugcwele. Bakulungele ukuqeqesha amahora amaningi ekugcineni, ngemuva kwalokho babuyise amandla ngokushesha. Lezi zilwane zinomlingiswa opholile futhi olinganiselayo, zihlukaniswa ngomqondo ocashile futhi zitholakala kalula ekuziqeqesheni.
Sebenzisa indandatho yombukiso
E-USA, emuva ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, imincintiswano yayithandwa lapho amahhashi akhombisa ubuhle be-gait yabo. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi amahhashi aseMelika agibele amahhashi abizwa ngokuthi “ngamapogogo endandatho yokubukisa,” ngoba ahamba kahle kakhulu futhi ngomusa, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa isivinini futhi engathathi sinyathelo.
Ukuze ubukhombise bonke ubuhle bawo bemibono yabamele lolu hlobo lokuzalela, kusetshenziselwa wona amahhashi akhethekile, ukuvikela isithwala senhloko nesithende ekushayeni izinyawo. Imilenze yamahhashi ibukeka ihlala isikhathi eside kumayunifomu anjalo, futhi ukugijima kwawo kuyaxhuma. Isikalo somgibeli sibekwe ngendlela yokuthi sisondele emuva emuva kwehhashi. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ushintshe kancane isikhungo sokudonsa emuva, ukuze izilwane zikhombise i-gait yazo engajwayelekile kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo.
Abamele abaziwayo bohlobo
Amanye ama-stallion angawayini wohlobo lokuzalela amaHhashi laseMelika anqobile othandweni nasemukelweni jikelele:
- Jeepsey suprim. I-stallion ephumelele emiqhudelwaneni yamazwe aphesheya kwe-9.
- Ihhashi okuthiwa nguLexington. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uWilliam Sherman aba khona njalo iqhawe leMpi YaseMelika yaseMelika.
- Suprim Sultan. Le stallion ithandwa kakhulu e-United States kangangokuba yamiswa njengesikhumbuzo eKentucky. Kwakuwukubukeka kwakhe okwathathwa njengezinga lohlobo lwamahhashi aseMelika. Lelihhashi elidume ngokunqoba imincintiswano eminingi. Kunikezwe ikhasi elihlukile kwiwebhusayithi yeWikipedia.
- Isihambi. Lelihhashi laliyintandokazi yomkhuzi webutho lezempi, uRobert Lee.
- Cincinnati. Isidlali lesi bekungusopolitiki waseMelika kanye nomkhuzi u-Ulysses Grant ngesikhathi sempi yombango e-United States.
I-American Horse Museum
Abantu baseMelika bayakwazisa ukuzalanisa kwamahhashi endawo kangangokuba baze bavula nomnyuziyamu ozinikezelwe kuwo. Itholakala Kent Kent Horse Park. Eduze komnyango ekungeneni kwayo kunesikhumbuzo sesikhumbuzo sempilo kunehhashi iSypyprim Sultan.
Imibukiso etholakala kulo mnyuziyamu ingatshela izivakashi okuningi ngomlando wamahhashi akhazimulayo. Bangathintwa, futhi abanye bavunyelwe ukuhlala. Abathathi imali ngokuvakasha, kepha kuzodingeka bakhokhe cishe ama- $ 12 wokungena eHhashi Park.
Imnyuziyamu inemininingwane mayelana nehhashi laseMelika eligibela, kubandakanya nesihlahla somndeni. Emtapweni wezincwadi wendawo kunezincwadi ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu eziphathelene nalokhu kuzalwa. Ukhumbula uhambo ungathenga isikhumbuzo esincane.
Amahhashi okugibela aseMelika asho okukhulu ezweni lakubo. Lezi yizilwane ezingajwayelekile ezinqoba izinhliziyo zabantu ngobuhle, ngomusa, ngobukhulu, ngesibindi nangokukhuthazela. Akumangalisi ukuthi la mahhashi asetshenziswa kangaka ukusebenzisa ojenene ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango.
UMampang
Kuhunyushwa kusuka eSpanishi, leli gama lisho ukuthi "endle, akekho." Uhlobo oludumile kakhulu lwamahhashi aseMelika, yize ekuqaleni ayengezona izakhamuzi zaseMelika. Okhokho balawa mahhashi balethwa amaFulentshi kanye nabaseSpain abavela eYurophu ngekhulu le-17.
Kuze kube ngekhulu lama-20, isitoko sabo besingabalelwa ezigidini ezimbili kuzo zonke izifundazwe. Manje amahhashi asondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni, futhi isizathu salokhu ukuzingela kwamahhashi asendle, okwenziwa ngekhulu lama-20 ngenxa yenyama nezikhumba zawo. Futhi, ngenxa yomfutho wabo omuhle, baqala ukuzisebenzisa ngenkuthalo endlini. Namuhla, ukuvikelwa kwalokhu kuzalaniswa kulawulwa ezingeni lombuso futhi kutholakala kuphela ezindaweni zokugcina nemvelo.
Ngaphandle, ama-Mustangs mancane ngesiqu, ukuphakama kusuka emhlabathini kuya phezulu kwekhanda kungamasentimitha ayi-150, isisindo - ama-400 kilos. Yakha - ngokwesilinganiso, imilenze iqinile futhi inamandla. Umbala ubhalwe ikakhulukazi, obomvu kanye ne-bay, kepha ungathola nama-mustangs amnyama. Ama-mustangs ahlala emihlambi yezinkomo futhi njenganoma imuphi umhlambi, anowesilisa nowesifazane omkhulu.
Owesilisa ngumholi oqondisa futhi ahole umhlambi, kanti owesimame oyinhloko uma kwenzeka eba sengozini uvikela izinyane lemvu futhi ahlele izinsikazi ezisele.
Ihhashi lekhilimu laseMelika
Lokhu kuzalanisa kwamahhashi amancane kungokwamahhashi asezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuzalela kwavela ngeminyaka yama-40 yekhulu le-XX eMelika, kwelinye lamapulazi azimele, kusuka kumamu obizwa ngokuthi uGogo. I-mare bekungumbala wekhilimu ongajwayelekile, futhi yize i-pedigree yakhe ingaziwa, kucatshangwa ukuthi bekukhona amaloli asindayo. Enzalweni yakhe elandelayo, umnikazi wepulazi wazishiyela inyamazane eyodwa futhi waqala ukwenza ngcono ukuzala kuye. Ngo-1950, lokhu kuzalaniswa kwabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni.
Abamele ukhilimu waseMelika bacishe bafane nama-weightweights. Ukuphakama kwezilwane ngokwesilinganiso kufinyelela amasentimitha angama-170; zinemilenze eqinile nomhlane oqinile. Isisindo asidluli kumakhilogremu angama-450. Umbala wezilwane uyamangalisa: ukhilimu, noma ubizwa nangokuthi yi-isabella, futhi amehlo athe njembe.
Kuqala, amankonyane azalwa enamehlo acishe abe mhlophe nombala ophawulwe kancane, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lapho bethola umbala wabo ohlukile. Amahhashi alolu hlobo lokufuya asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi emapulazini ngokusebenza kanzima. Akulungele impela ukubaleka nokuhamba.
I-trotter yaseMelika
Ngaphandle kwalokho, lokhu kuzalaniswa kubizwa ngokuthi okuyi-delusional standard, okusho ukuthi "kwenziwa ukuthi kube standard." Ama-trotters aseMelika akhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18 nele-19. Kusukela ekuqaleni, ukuzalwa kabusha kwaqhutshwa ukuze kuhlanganiswe zonke izici ezinhle kakhulu ezivela kubantu ababambe iqhaza kuhlobo olusha. Lapho kuzalaniswa ama-trotters aseMelika, izinhlobo ezifana namaDutch, amaNorfolk nama-Anglo-Arabian ama-trotter namahhashi aseCanada zazihilelekile. Umhlambi wabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1871.
Ngaphandle, lawa ngamahhashi amahle, ngokukhula angafinyelela amasentimitha angama-170. Ngokungafani nezinye izinkundla zomjaho, imilenze yazo imfushane, i-muzzle yazo inciphile futhi izintamo zazo zide. Umbala, njengomthetho, ungaba yi-bay, imnyama noma i-krakow. Amahhashi enzelwe imijaho nezinhlanga, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi angabanikazi berekhodi lomhlaba kulo mjaho (1 imayela ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-2).
Ihhashi laseMelika elijikayo
Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwamahhashi kuyinto yakudala impela, kepha iqala ngo-1898, njengoba amaqiniso angaphambili ngayo ayaziwa ngokuqinisekile. Ngokwenye inguqulo, la mahhashi anokuhlobana namahhashi aseRussia avela ezintabeni zase-Ural. Komunye umbono, banokhokho abajwayelekile nehhashi leLokay (ihhashi leTajik). Ukuzalela kuqala ukwenzeka kwawo ngamahhashi anezinwele ezigobile atholakala eNevada. Abafuyi bathola ukubhaliswa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1971.
Ngokubukeka, lezi yizilwane ezingejwayelekile kakhulu: zinejazi eliminyene nelicwengekile, ezifana ne-mane nomsila, ngokwemvelo zigobile. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-curly gene ekuyo inesandulela futhi ifa njengefa. Futhi njenganoma yisiphi isilwane esinoboya, ehlobo imihlambi yamahhashi noboya bayo, futhi ebusika izophinda ikhule futhi. Okunye okugqoke ijazi labo ukuthi abantu abanayo indlela yokwaliwa ngayo.
Amahhashi alolu hlobo lokuzalela afinyelela ubude obude bamamitha elilodwa nesigamu, umzimba unemisipha futhi uyalingana, intamo, njengamalunga, imfushane impela, emuva kuqondile futhi kuqinile.
Ngenxa yoboya bazo, lezi zilwane zingabekezelela isimo sezulu esibandayo sifinyelela ku-40 degrees Celsius. Umbala wejazi ungaba yimuphi, kepha amathoni ansundu ahamba phambili. Amahhashi awulungele kahle umsebenzi wezolimo, nowokugibela amabhanoyi ezinsimbi nakwezemidlalo.
Ihhashi elincane laseMelika
Ngaphezu kokuba elinye lamahhashi angajwayelekile, lokhu kuzalaniswa nakho kuyindala. Ngokomunye umbono, okhokho babo baphila cishe izigidi ezingama-40 zeminyaka eyedlule BC eNyakatho Melika. Izinkomba ezithile ezibhekisiwe kuyo zitholakala eGibhithe, lapho izinsalela zamahhashi amancane zatholakala emathuneni. Futhi vele ngokunembile mayelana nalokhu kuzalaniswa okuncane kwaboniswa ngo-1760 eNgilandi. Umbhalo wosuku wanamuhla wabhaliswa ngo-1978, lapho izinhlobo nezinhlobo zamahhashi amancane zazivele zinqunyelwe ukuzalanisa.
Abamele lolu hlobo lokuzala bangaba banoma imuphi umbala, ukuphakama kokubuna akukho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-90, isisindo sesilwane siyehluka phakathi kwamakhilogremu angama-50-70. Ikhanda labo alikho likhulu, linebunzi le-convex, intamo yinde, nomzimba unemisipha.
Amahhashi kulula ukuwaqeqesha, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi kwimibukiso kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemibukiso. Futhi, ngenxa yesimo sabo sobumnene nobuntu obunobungane, bavame ukusetshenziswa njengezinkomba zabantu abangaboni.
Ubuhlungu
Ubuhlungu bezinhlungu baseMelika bungenye yezinhlobo ezidumile nezidumile, ibizwa nangokuthi - "I-Paired Horse". Amadlozi alolu hlobo lokuzalwa ama-stallion aseSpain, eyethulwa eMelika kusukela ngesikhathi seColumbus. Amahhashi athola ukubukeka kwawo kwamanje ngenxa yokuwela ihhashi elinamakhilomitha amaningi (quarterhorse) kanye nohlobo lwamahhashi agibele amahhashi. Ekuqaleni, zazisetshenziswa yizizwe zamaNdiya impilo yazo yonke. Lapho-ke ama-cowboys abe esebonga ikhwalithi yabo yokujaha okusheshayo. Lokhu kuzalaniswa kwabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni eminyakeni yama-60s yekhulu le-XX.
Ngaphandle, kuyinto ihhashi elihle kakhulu, linamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umzimba onemisipha onomzimba oyindilinga. Ikhanda lincane, kanti imilenze yangemuva inamandla futhi inamandla ngaphambili. Ukuphakama kohlobo lokuzala lapho kubuna kufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-165, isisindo sifinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-500.
Umbala, njengomthetho, amabili-ithoni. Ihhashi linamabala akhanyayo noma amnyama ngokumelene nesizinda sombala oyinhloko, omnyama kakhulu. Uma isilwane sinezici zesimo esingajwayelekile noma esingaqondakali futhi sivele ikakhulu esiswini nasekhanda, lo mbala ubizwa ngokuthi Ngaphezulu. Izilwane ezinemilenze emhlophe namabala ajwayelekile esifubeni nasentanyeni zibizwa Tobiano. Imvamisa, ubomvu uhlanganiswa nomhlophe, kanye ne-bay noma emnyama.
Ubuhlungu bezinhlungu baseMelika buwulungele kahle umsebenzi wezolimo, kanye nomjaho wamahhashi nemibukiso yamahhashi.
Siqokomise abamele abaqavile kakhulu bezalukazi bamahhashi baseMelika. Ezinye izilwane zilungele kahle ezolimo, kanti ezinye zenzelwe umjaho wamahhashi nemibukiso. Kodwa-ke, kukhona izinhlobo ezihlanganisa zonke izici zalezi zilwane. Futhi namhlanje, izinhlobo ezingaziwa kakhulu nezintsha zamahhashi ziyaqhubeka nokuzalwa.
Bona amahhashi aphambili ayi-10 aphezulu emhlabeni kuvidiyo elandelayo.
Umsuka Wehhashi LaseMelika
Amahhashi agibele amahhashi aseMelika avela ekuthandeni amahhashi kanye nendlulamithi elula, eyalethwa eNyakatho Melika ivela eBritish Isles ngekhulu le-17. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezintsha, la mahhashi amafushane aqala kahle.
Umgibeli wehhashi waseMelika.
Ogwini lweRhode Island, ngemuva kokuzalela, kwatholakala isidumbu seNarraganasset. Lawa mahhashi ayemaningi kulo lonke ugu olusempumalanga, ngaphandle kwaleliya Virginia.Ama-Narraganasset pacers asusa i-amble, ngakho-ke ayelungele ukugibela esihlalweni.
E-USA namuhla la mahhashi awekho, isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi izinkulungwane zawo zithunyelwe eNtshonalanga India.
Isizukulwane ngqo seNaragansetta pacer nguPaso Fino. Ngaphambi nje kokuba lo mbala unyamalale, amaNarragansett mares awela namahhashi ama-purebred wamahhashi, ama-colonist awaletha eNgilandi ngekhulu le-18.
Ngo-1776, lo mzala wazitholela izimfanelo zawo ngamunye. Kusukela kokhokho abamsulwa, bathola ubuhle nokukhula. Njengama-purebreds, babekwazi ukufunda izithiyo ezithambile.
Ihhashi laseMelika lasungulwa ngekhulu le-19 ngokuwela ihhashi elinamacala amaningi, ukuzalaniswa kweCanada noMorgan.
Ukuzalelwa kwamahhashi aseMelika okokuqala kwaqalwa ngo-1776 ezincwadini zikahulumeni. Babesetshenziselwa ukusebenza ngegeja, ukugibela nokuhamba ngezimoto.
Amahhashi aseMelika ayaziswa ngokuqina namandla. Kula mahhashi, abahamba ngezinyawo bamakholoni balwa namabutho ajwayelekile aseBrithani eSouth Carolina. Ngo-1812, iKentucky egibele amahhashi aseMelika yalwa namaNgisi kanye namaNdiya ayengamadlelane aseNgilandi.
Intuthuko yokuzalela amahhashi yaseMelika
Lapho kwenziwa lohlobo, iziphambano ezinamahhashi angenasici zavela njalo, futhi kamuva igazi lama-trotters nama-morganes asezingeni eliphakeme landa.
Ezokuzijabulisa zomphakathi zaqala ukuthandwa, enye yazo kwakuyimibukiso yamahhashi eyayiqhutshwa ngemidwebo. Embukisweni wokuqala owabanjelwa eMissouri, eVirginia, eKentucky naseLexington, imiklomelo eyathandwa kakhulu yayingamahhashi aseMelika aseMelika.
Lawa mahhashi athola isicoco sokuba ngumpetha ngenxa yezimfanelo zawo eziphezulu zokusebenza kanye nobuhle bangaphandle.
Umbukiso wokuqala wamahhashi wabanjwa ngo-1856, ekugcineni owaba ngowesizwe. Lo mbukiso wabanjelwa eSt. Louis, kuwo ihhashi laseMelika elathola ukugibela. EKentucky, lokhu kuzalaniswa kwaba ngumkhiqizo oyinhloko wezentengiselwano, ngaleso sikhathi wawubizwa ngokuthi "Ukuhamba Ngebhilidi." Lawa mahhashi aqashelwa njengengcebo yezwe.
Izinkulungwane zabantu zithunyelwe emakethe yaseningizimu nasempumalanga. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango e-United States, amahhashi okugibela aseMelika ayengolunye lwezinhlobo zokugibela ezithandwa kakhulu. Bazimisa njengamahhashi angesabi futhi aqinile empini. Lawa mahhashi agibela ojenene abaningi abadumile, isibonelo, uLee, uGrant, uSherman noStonewell Jackson.
Ngemuva kweMpi Yombango kanye nokubuya kwamasosha ezweni, ukuzalwa kwala mahhashi kudume kakhulu kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe. Amahhashi okugibela aseMelika aqala ukutholakala emapaki aseNew York nasemapulazini eTexas. Lapho impi iphela, ubulungiswa babuyiselwa eSt. Louis.
Ngo-1880, abafuyi bamahhashi, baphefumulelwa ukuthandwa kwezinhlobo zohlobo oluthile, bafuna ukubhaliswa kwabo. UCharles F. Mills waqala ukubhala ama-pedigrees futhi wakhe nemithetho yokubhalisa inzalo.
Kuze kube manje, amahhashi aseMelika ahamba ngezinyawo ajwayelekile kuzo zonke izifundazwe zaseMelika, futhi angeniswa eJalimane, eNgilandi, eScandinavia, e-Australia, eHolland, eJapan, eGrisi nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. ENingizimu Afrika, ihhashi laseMelika lokugibela ungenye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu. Bafika e-Afrika ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. EKentucky ngonyaka we-1997, ama-stallion amahlanu eNdebe Yomhlaba ezalethwa e-Afrika aba ngabanqobi boMqhudelwano Womhlaba.
Ukugibela ihhashi laseMelika kunomlando omude. Lokhu ngohlobo lweqiniso lwaseMelika abantu baseMelika abaziqhenya ngalo.
Umgibeli wamahhashi waseMelika ongaphandle
Ukuphakama ekushwabeni kufinyelela amasentimitha ayi-154-174, kepha kuvame kakhulu - amasentimitha ayi-157. Ikhanda alilikhulu, kukhona izindlebe ezincane kulo. Intamo yinde futhi igobile. Ukubuna kuphakeme, kumenyezelwe kahle. Umzimba we-Athletic. Abamele lokhu kuzalanisa bangabona noma iyiphi isudi. Uhlobo nokusebenza kwehhashi laseMelika elihamba ngezinyawo
Lokhu kuzalanisa kuzisungulelise ngempumelelo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemidlalo ye-equestrian, ikakhulukazi ukugijimisa, ukukhombisa ukugxuma nokuphindaphinda. Isici esihlukile somlingiswa ukushesha.
Banekhono lokufunda, ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izimpondo zingenza ingozi kusukela ekuzalweni, kanti ezinye zithola le-gait ngemuva kokuqeqeshwa. Ihhashi lifinyelela isenzo esinjalo ngokuhambisa ikhanda lakhe kusuka kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye. Ukufeza le ndlela, amahhashi amaningi aseMelika adinga nje izifundo ezimbalwa.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Ihhashi laseMelika kwindandatho yombukiso
Ihhashi laseMelika kwindandatho yombukiso
Abagibeli bamahhashi baseMelika bayaziswa emasondweni ombukiso wesithunzi sabo esihle, ngokufanelekile sebethole igama lesidlaliso "amapigogo endandatho yokubukisa" athandwa emibuthanweni yaseMelika. Bayakwazi ukwenza hhayi kuphela ukulutha okulimaza kathathu (igxathu, i-trot, i-gallop), kodwa futhi nohlangothi olunye olune-stroke. I- "Brand" iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, esheshayo futhi enhle yeRack.
Imvamisa zisetshenziswa emiqhudelwaneni, ibizwa nge- "Saddle seat rid". Kulokhu, kusetshenziswe izihlalo zokudabukisa, ezisuswa endaweni ejwayelekile ukuze isisindo somgibeli siwele emuva kwehhashi phansi. Lokhu kuvumela isilwane ukukhombisa ubuhle bendawo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yi-gait yayo. Ukuze kusetshenzwe, kusetshenziswa amahhashi akhethekile avikela isithwala sendlebe nesithende sezinduna zemilenze yangaphambili ekushayweni kwemilenze yangemuva nasekubonweni obude bemilenze. Lokhu kubhekwa njengokuhle, ngoba kudala umbono wokufika okuphezulu futhi kugcizelela i-gait ekhangayo.
Amanani okubopha esihlalo akhethekile amahhashi
Muva nje, emibukisweni yesigaba sokubonisa abagibeli baseMelika, izilwane zifakwa endaweni yokubukisa ngomsila wazo eziphakeme nemilenze yazo yangemuva emuva kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi umsila ufakwa emahhashini - izicubu zomphimbo ziyasikwa ukuze umsila uthathe isikhundla “sombukiso,” lapho udonswa phezulu.
Izithombe ezivela kwindandatho yombukiso
I-American Horse Museum
I-American Horse Museum
Lesi sigcinimagugu, sinikezelwe ngokuphelele e-American Riding kanye nezimpumelelo zabamele baso, sitholakala eKentucky Horse Park ku-4083 Iron Works Parkway, Lexington, Kentucky, 40511 USA. Ukwemukelwa kumahhala, kufanele ukhokhe kuphela $ 12 ukungena epaki. Awukwazi ukubuka imibukiso kuphela, kepha futhi uthinte izandla zakho, futhi ungahlala kwezinye.
Emnyango weMnyuziyamu kumi isithombe sikaSüprim Sultan, ummeleli odumile wohlobo lokuzalela.
Yonke imibukiso yemnyuziyamu inikelwe endimeni eyadlalwa ngamahhashi aseMelika emlandweni wase-US kanye nasekwakhiweni kokuzalela. Imibukiso ishintsha njalo. Kunemibukiso exhumanayo nenkundla yokudlala.
Ilabhulali yomnyuziyamu iqukethe iqoqo elikhulu kakhulu lezincwadi ngokuzalanisa, okubandakanya izincwadi ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu. Ibuye ibe nayo yonke imininingwane ngegazi nomuthi womndeni wamahhashi aseMelika aseMelika.
Imnyuziyamu futhi ibamba imibukiso yamahhashi nezikhumbuzo zaseMelika.
Abamele abazalanisi abazalisayo
Ihhashi leJeepsey
- IGypsy Ephakeme (IGypsy Ephakeme). Umnqobi weNdebe Yomhlaba wonke yeChampion Yomhlaba wonke Wama-1990 ngeminyaka yama-1990. Sekukonke, uwine imincintiswano yamanye amazwe ayi-9 kanye nemiklomelo eminingi engabalulekanga kangako.
- Lexington Lesi sithembu sasiqhutshwa uWilliam Sherman, iqhawe leMpi Yombango yase-US.
Isifanekiso esinikezelwe kuSüprim Sultan
- ISultrim Sultan (iSultan Ephakeme). Ummeleli kuphela wohlobo oluvunwe owakhiwa itshe lesikhumbuzo futhi wathola ikhasi le-Wikipedia uqobo. Uthole imiqhudelwano eminingi, kufaka phakathi iChicago International neAmerican Royal yaseMelika. Ukubonakala kwakhe sekuyindinganiso ye-American Riding.
- Isihambi. Ihhashi elithandekayo lamaqhawe eMpi Yombango YaseMelika, uRobert Lee. Uqhamuka kumdwebi omsulwa ogama lakhe nguGrey Eagle nonina, ogama lakhe nomlando wohlobo lwalo kungalondolozwanga.
- Cincinnati. Agibele leli hhashi, u-Ulysses Grant odumile wazuza ukunqoba kwakhe ngesikhathi seMpi YaseMelika yaseMelika.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uma amahhashi azalanayo aseMelika ayesejwayelekile futhi esebenza ngezempi, namuhla ukungabinamandla nobungqabavu kulahleka kakhulu ngabo. Lawa mahhashi angenasisekelo amanzana amaningi, anaka izimo zokuboshwa futhi ajwayele ekudleni okulinganiselayo.
Isifo
Ngokusho kwabafuyi bezimpahla baseMelika, amahhashi alolu hlobo lokuzivikela athambekele ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni eziyisithupha zezifo:
- I-epitheliogeneis engapheleli noma i-aplasia yesikhumba. Isifo esibuhlungu esibonakaliswa kuzwane kusukela ekuzalweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, isikhumba eziseleni, ekhanda nolimi singaphuma izicucu. Ngokuhlulwa kanzima, izimpungushe ziyafa zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa ezifweni ezihlangene, ngesifo esibuthakathaka nesilinganiselayo abazishiya ngemuva ekukhuleni, yize amanxeba ephulukisa kancane kancane. Izilwane ezine-epitheliogenesis ezingaphelele kufanele zingafakwa ekuzaleni.
- Izifo ze-hock.
- Lordosis
- Ukhula olungenangqondo kusithombo sempahla.
- Izifo ze-Iliac.
- Izifo ezihlangene
Ukugibela amahhashi eNkosi
Iningi lalezi zifo lingavinjelwa ngokunakekela kahle ihhashi.
Ukondla
Kuze kufike kumalitha angu-15 wokudla okwanele esiswini sehhashi. Ukugaya ukudla kufaka ngokuphelele amalitha okudla angama-200, umjikelezo ophelele wokudlula kwawo uthatha izinsuku ezimbili. Ukudla kugaywe kahle ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca komzimba okungeyona into enkulu.
Amahhashi wohlobo lokugibela lwaseMelika amunca ukudla kancane, ukondla okukodwa kungathatha ihora. Ukudla kukhishwa ngesilinganiso esingadluli kuma-25 kg ngosuku. Leli nani kufanele lihlukaniswe ngama-feed angama-3-4 alinganayo. Izilwane zondliwa ngokuqinile ngokuya ngohlobo olunqunyelwe, ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukudla okunejusi (izitshalo zotshani nezimpande). Uma kungenzeka, kufanele abekhona ekudleni kwehhashi nsuku zonke, ngoba lapho kudliwa, kukhiqizwa inani elikhulu lejusi yokugaya ukudla.
Noma ehlobo, uma ihhashi selidla, udinga ukufaka okunye okuphakelayo ekudleni.
Uma ufaka utshani obusanda kusikwa ekudleni, qiniseka ukuthi awumanzi ngokweqile. I-hay kufanele ibe yomile, iluhlaza futhi ibe nephunga eliyisimilo lotshani obomile. I-yellowed, i-hay enobumba, okuvela kuyo iphunga lokubola noma isikhunta, ayikwazi ukondla ihhashi. Impilo yeshelufu ye-hay akufanele idlule iminyaka emibili.
Kuyadingeka ukwengeza okusanhlamvu kwansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi i-oats, ne-bran. Lokhu kudla okunzima, lapho kuthakwa ngendlela yayo yoqobo, kungahle kube nezinkinga ngokugaya. Ngakho-ke, okusanhlamvu akuvame ukunikezwa kuhlobo lonke. Iyabanjiswa, ibilisiwe, ichotshozwe noma ichotshozwe ekudleni okuxubile.
Kuhle ukunika ummbila. Inezinto ezidingekayo emzimbeni wehhashi, kepha umthamo wazo ekudleni akufanele wedlule ikota eyodwa.
Ungakunisela kanjani ihhashi
Ihhashi elidala lidinga cishe amalitha angama-50 ngosuku. Isibalo esiqondile senziwa ngokuya ngohlelo olulandelayo - nge-10 kg yesisindo bukhoma, udinga ukunikela kusuka ku-0,6 kuya ku-1 ilitha lamanzi ngosuku.
Okuhle kunakho konke, uma amanzi ehlale ekhona endaweni kawonkewonke, ngaphandle kokuthi ihhashi lisanda kubuya kusuka kokuphindwayo futhi liyashisa. Imishini yokuphuza enamathuba okuvimba ukufinyelela kwamanzi kuleso sikhathi kuze kufike lapho izinga lokushisa lomzimba lesilwane libuyela kwelejwayelekile kungaba yisixazululo esihle. Uma kungekho ophuzayo wemoto, amahhashi adakwa izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngosuku ngaphambi kokudla. Uma ungadakiwe ngokwanele, kuvunyelwe ukuphuza izinsalela zomuthi owodwa ngemuva kokudla.
Uma ihhashi liqeqesha kakhulu phakathi nosuku, kuyadingeka ukuthi uliphuze imizuzu engama-20 ngaphambi kokuphela komsebenzi.
Ngokuntuleka kwamanzi, ukugaya kwehhashi kuyancipha, imikhiqizo yokuqhekeka kwamaprotheni namafutha inqwabelana emzimbeni, okungayithinta kabi impilo yayo.
Amanani Amabhulashi Amahhashi
Njengawo wonke amahhashi ancibilikisiwe, ukugibela iMelika kusengcupheni yamakhaza. Ukuvimbela umkhuhlane, kufanele ulandele imithetho embalwa elula:
- Ukushisa komoya esitebeleni ebusika akufanele kwehle ngaphansi kwama-degrees angama-2-3. Kepha akufanele kushise kakhulu lapho, uma kungenjalo ihhashi liba ngcono ngokweqile lapho likhipha umgwaqo. Amazinga okushisa ebusika afanelekile angama-5-12 degrees.
- Okusunguliwe akuvumelekile ngokwezigaba ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ikakhulu ehlobo.
- Isilwane, esimanzi ngemuva kokuzikhandla okukhulu, kufanele simbozwe ngezingubo zokulala futhi siholwa ngezinyathelo size sibuyele kokujwayelekile. Indwangu emanzi iguqulwa esitebeleni ukuze yomile. Ebusuku, izingubo zokulala zinconywa ukuba zisuswe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ihhashi lingafunga.
- Kuma-degrees ayi-15 ihhashi kufanele lisebenze, ligweme imithwalo enkulu. Kuphela kwamukelekile kuphela izinsimbi eziphakathi nendawo ezilinganayo. Uma umgwaqo ungaphansi kuka-20 degrees, kunconywa ukushiya isilwane esitebeleni.
- Izinga lokushisa lamanzi okuphuza akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka -10.