Inyoni encane, ubude bomzimba cishe ngamasentimitha angama-25. Amapheya emadodeni aphuzi golide ngombala omnyama, kwabesifazane nabancane kunombala oluhlaza obonayo amabala esifubeni. Ukusuka emlonyeni wokhozi kunesigaqa esimnyama esibizwa ngokuthi “amatomu”. UBill ungumbala onsundu noma ubomvu onsundu, mude ngokwanele futhi uqine. Amehlo abomvu.
Kusatshalaliswa emahlathini anqabayo futhi axubile. Ngokuyinhloko yayiphakeme emiqhele yemithi, ngakho-ke ayibonakali kangako. Inyoni ephathekayo, igxuma ngokushesha futhi buthule isuka egatsheni iye kwelinye igatsha phakathi kwamaqabunga emithi.
Okuphakanyisiwe isikhathi esingu-1 ehlobo. Izidleke ezilengayo, eziqinisiwe kumfoloko wamagatsha ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-11 kuye kwangama-20. I-clutch iqukethe amaqanda amhlophe angama-3-5 nge-pink noma i-cream tint kanye namachashazi abomvu ansundu. I-Hatching ihlala izinsuku eziyi-13- 13, ikakhulukazi ezomuntu wesifazane.
Idla ezinambuzaneni, kancane amajikijolo. Kwesinye isikhathi izidleke zezinyoni ezincane ezinjengegrey flycatcher kanye ne-redstart ziyabhincwa.
Ikhwela le-Oriole lifana nemisindo yombhobho, kanti ukumemeza okukhulu kunguku Meya wekati elinolaka.
Ukubukeka
Izici zombala ziveza kahle izici ze-dimorphism yezocansi, lapho abesilisa nabesilisa behluka kakhulu kwangaphandle. Amapheya ezinsikazi aphuzi wegolide, anamaphiko nomsila omnyama. Ukufiphazwa komsila namaphiko kumelelwa izindawo ezincane eziphuzi. Ukusuka uqhwaku nesiya ngamehlo kubeka umucu omnyama ongajwayelekile, “amatomu”, ubude bawo buxhomeke ngokuqondile ezimfanelweni zangaphandle ezingaphansi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokuhambisana nezimpawu zokufaka imibala yezimpaphe zomsila nekhanda, futhi ngokuya ngesilinganiso sobude bezimpaphe zempukane, ukubhalwa kwe-Oriole njengamanje kuhlukaniswa njengamanje.
Izinsikazi zibonakaliswa ngaphezulu okuluhlaza okotshani kanye nengxenye emhlophe engaphansi enemifudlana emnyama yokuhleleka okude. Izimpiko ziluhlaza grey. Uqhwaku lwensikazi nowesilisa lunombala onsundu noma lubomvu, lude futhi luqinile ngokwanele. Iris ibomvu ibala. Ukubukeka okusha okunezinwele kukhumbuza kakhulu abesifazane, kepha kuyahluka ngokubakhona kweplamu elingumbala, elimnyama nelinezinyawo.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Ama-Orioles ahlala e-Europe abuyela emakhaya awo eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi. Abesilisa bokuqala ababuya ebusika yilabo abazama ukuthatha izindawo zasekhaya. Abesifazane bafika ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine. Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokudlekwa, i-Oriole eyimfihlo ithanda ukuhlala yodwa, kepha eminye imibhangqwana ihlala ingalingani unyaka wonke.
Ama-Orioles awazithandi izindawo ezivulekile, ngakho-ke kulinganiselwe ezindizeni ezimfushane ukusuka kwesinye isihlahla ziye kwesinye. Ukuba khona komndeni we-oriole kunganqunywa kuphela ngezingoma ze-melodic ezifanisa kancane nezwi le-filimbi. I-Adult Orioles nayo ithanda ukondla ezihlahleni, igxume amagatsha futhi iqoqe izinambuzane ezinhlobonhlobo. Lapho kuqala ikwindla, izinyoni ziya endiza ebusika ukuze zifudumale kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! IVocalization imelwe ukwehluka okuningana, kepha okwejwayelekile kwi-Oriole ukumemeza okuvezwa uchungechunge lwemisindo eyi-jerky ne-creaky ethi “gi-gi-gi-gi-gi” noma i-melodic e “fiu-liu-li” enkulu kakhulu.
Izinyoni ezimangalisa kakhulu futhi ezisebenzayo zingagxuma ngokushesha futhi zicishe buthule zivela kwelinye igatsha ziye kwelinye, zifihle ngemuva kwamahlamvu aminyene ezihlahla. Lapho indiza ihamba, i-Oriole ihamba ngamagagasi, afana nezinduna ezimnyama nama-Woodpeckers. Ijubane elijwayelekile lokundiza lingama-40- 47 km / h, kepha abesilisa kwesinye isikhathi bangafika ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-70 km / h. Onke amalungu omndeni wase-oriole akavamile ukundizela endle.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
I-Oriole iyinhlangano ebanzi.. Uhla luhlanganisa insimu cishe yonke yaseYurophu nengxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia. Ngokusho kososayensi, i-Oriole iyaqabukela kakhulu izidleke eziQhingini zaseBrithani futhi kwesinye isikhathi yenzeka esiqhingini saseScilly nasogwini oluseningizimu yeNgilandi. Isidleke esingajwayelekile siyaziwa nasesiqhingini saseMadeira nasezindaweni ezingama-Azores. Uhla lokuzalela e-Asia luhlala engxenyeni esentshonalanga.
Kuzoba nokuthakazelisa:
Ama-Orioles achitha ingxenye enkulu yempilo yawo ekuphakameni okwenele, emqhele kanye namahlamvu aminyene ezihlahla. Inyoni yalolu hlobo ithanda izindawo ezihlanzekile futhi ezinde zamahlathi, ikakhulukazi izindawo ezinamakhasi, amelelwa yi-birch, willow or poplar.
Kuyathakazelisa! Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-Oriole izama ukugwema amahlathi nemisipha eqhubekayo, labo bameleli bomndeni wase-Oriole bazimisele ngokuhlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu, bakhetha izingadi, amapaki kanye namahlathi emigwaqo asemgwaqweni.
Ezindaweni ezomile, i-Oriole imvamisa kuhlala izihlahla zama-tugai ezigodini zemifula. Ngokujwayelekile, izinyoni zitholakala ezindaweni ezinotshani bamahlathi kaphayini naseziqhingini ezilahliwe ezinemifino ehlukile. Kulokhu, izinyoni zidla emahlangeni ama-heather noma zifuna ukudla ezintabeni zesihlabathi.
Isabelo sika-Oriole
I-Oriole ejwayelekile ayikwazi ukudla izitshalo ezintsha kuphela, kepha futhi nokudla kwezilwane okunempilo kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo okukhulu, izinyoni zizidla ngokuzithandela namajikijolo ezitshalo ezinjenge-bird cherry ne-currant, amagilebhisi kanye nama-cherries. Abadala Abadala banika ukukhetha ku eliphakathi kwamakhiwane.
Isikhathi sokuzala kabusha esisebenzayo sihambelana nokufakwa ekudleni kwezinyoni ezondliwa ngazo zonke izinhlobo zokudla kwezilwane, okulethwa:
- izinambuzane ngezinkuni ngesimo sezinambuzane ezinhlobonhlobo,
- imiyane yomiyane
- amacici endlebe
- izinyoka ezinkulu
- izimvemvane ezahlukahlukene
- izimbungulu zezihlahla
- ehlathini nasengadini izimbungulu,
- ezinye izicabucabu.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, izidleke zezinyoni ezincane ziya ngokuya zichithwe, kufaka phakathi i-redstart kanye ne-grey flycatcher. Njengomthetho, abamele umndeni we-oriole badla ekuseni, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi le nqubo ingabambezeleka kuze kube isidlo sasemini.
Izitha zemvelo
U-Oriole uvame ukuhlaselwa yi-hawk ne-falcon, ukhozi kanye nekite.. Okuyingozi kakhulu kubhekwa njengesi sikhathi sokudalwa. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho abantu abadala bekwazile ukulahlekelwa khona ukuqaphela, bashintsha ukunaka kwabo ngokuphelele emfundweni yezingane. Kodwa-ke, indawo engenakufinyeleleka kuyo isidleke isebenza njengesiqinisekiso esithile sokuvikelwa kwamachwane kanye nabantu abadala kwizilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Abesilisa banakekela kahle abalingani babo, besebenzisa le njongo izingoma ze-melodic song. Kungakapheli isonto, lezi zinyoni zizitholela i-pair, futhi emva kwalapho owesifazane esekhetha indawo elula yokwakha isidleke, futhi uqala nokwakha umsebenzi wakhe. Isidleke se-Oriole sisezingeni eliphakeme ngenhla komhlaba. Ukuze kufihlwe okuhle, imfoloko evundlile emagatsheni ikhethwa ibanga elifanele ukusuka kusiqu sesitshalo.
Ngokubukeka, isidleke ngokwaso sifana kakhulu nobhasikidi olungiselelwe, omncane. Zonke izinto ezithwala umthwalo walomklamo zigcotshwe ngokucophelela nangokuthembekile kwimfoloko yenyoni ngosizo lwamathe, emva kwalokho izindonga zangaphandle zesidleke zilukiwe. Njengokwakhiwa kwezinto zokwaluka izidleke zebhasikidi, imicu yemifino, izicucu zezintambo nezingcezu zoboya bezimvu, izicubu kanye nengxenye yesigaxa sotshani, amahlamvu omile kanye nezinhlamvu zezinambuzane, ama-moss kanye namagxolo enkuni. Ingaphakathi lesidleke liboshwe ngemisebe nezimpaphe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Njengomthetho, ukwakhiwa kwalolu hlobo kuthatha izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyishumi, emva kwalokho insikazi ibeka amaqanda amathathu noma amane ngombala ophuzi onsomi, omhlophe noma opinki lapho kukhona amabala amnyama noma ansundu ebusweni.
I-masonry ihlotshwa kuphela ngowesifazane, kuthi emva kwamasonto ambalwa amachwane aqandusele. Zonke izingane ezivele ngoJuni kusukela emizuzwini yokuqala yezimpilo zazo zinakekelwa futhi zifudumele ngumzali wazo, ozivikele ebusika obubandayo, emvuleni naselangeni. Owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi uletha ukudla kowesifazane nowesifazane. Lapho nje izingane sezikhulile, bobabili abazali bayahamba bayothenga ukudla. Amachwane asekhulile anamaviki amabili amade abizwa ngokuthi amancanyana. Zindiza ziphuma esidlekeni futhi zitholakala emagatsheni angomakhelwane. Ngalesi sikhathi, abasazi ukuthi bangakuthola kanjani ngokuzimela ukudla kwabo futhi bangaba izisulu ezilula zezinyamazane. Owesifazane nowesilisa bondla izingane ezincane ngisho nangemva kokuba "zime ephikweni."
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Ngokuhambisana nedatha esemthethweni enikezwe yi-International Union for Conservation of Natural, ama-Orioles angokunye kwezinhlobo eziningi ze-Oriental Oriole, i-oda i-Vorobinobraznye kanye nomndeni we-Orioles. Vele, eminyakeni yamuva nje kuye kwaba nomkhuba ophansi ngokwehla kwabantu jikelele bezinyoni ezinje, kepha izinhlobo azisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ngokusho kwencwadi ebomvu yamazwe omhlaba, i-Oriole njengamanje inesimo setekisi elinobungozi obuphansi futhi ihlelwe njenge-LC.
I-European Oriole, i-Oriolus oriolus oriolus (i-Oriolus oriolus oriolus)
Amadoda amadala aphuzi ngokugqamile ngombala emuva, ekhanda nangaphansi komzimba, amaphiko amnyama, anezinwele eziphuzi zezimbambo ezinkulu zamahhashi, nezimpiko ezikhanyayo zamaphiko okundiza, izimpaphe ezinde zomsila ongaphezulu nezangaphansi kukhona ngezindawo ezimnyama ezingenakubukeka, amabhulashi amnyama, amnyama umsila, anezimpunga eziphuzi, akubonakali kangako kubhangqa obuphakathi futhi kufinyelelwe ebangeni elingaphezulu kobubanzi bokungena okungaphezulu kombhangqwana we-lateral, uthingo lubomvu, umlomo u-matte brownish-red, imilenze iyimpunga yenyama ngombala. Kwabesifazane, ohlangothini olungaphezulu lomzimba, ophuzi uthathelwa indawo yi-olive-greenish, umsila ophuzi usemaphikweni, umnyama ungene esikhundleni sombala onsundu emaphikweni, izinsimbi eziphakathi nendawo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nesihloko esimnyama, ezansi zimpunga ngombala obumhlophe nangaphansi, futhi ngaphansi nangaphansi. Abancane bafana nabesifazane. Bopha ubude bomsila wezinyawo zakho
I-Europeanole isabalele enkabeni naseningizimu yeYurophu, ifinyelela ku-60 ° C eScandinavia. w. engxenyeni yaseYurophu ye-USSR, ifinyelela empumalanga e-Altai nasenyakatho yeSemirechye. Ubusika e-Afrika kanye namanani amancane eSindh.
I-Turkestan Oriole, i-Oriolus oriolus turkestanicus (i-O. turkestanikus Island)
Umehluko ovela ku-European-Siberian Oriole: umucu omnyama uya ngemuva kwesohlo (kodwa hhayi ngemuva kwekhanda), izinsimbi ezedlulele zabesilisa abadala cishe ziphuzi ngokuphelele, isibuko esiphuzi ephikweni sithuthukiswa kakhudlwana, futhi kwabesifazane, ingaphansi lendlu. Impukane yesibili imvamisile ukuba mfushane kuneyesihlanu, ngenkathi ise-O. cishe. isilinganiso se -ololus siphambene. Ubukhulu buncane kancane: iphiko
Izinhlobo zezilwane eTurkestan, enyakatho eSyr-Darya lowland kanye ne-Alexander ridge kanye neTien Shan ephakathi.
I-Oriole enekhanda elimnyama laseChinole, i-Oriolus chinensis diffusus (O. chinensis diffus)
Uhlangothi olungezansi lomzimba emadodeni amadala luphuzi ngokugqamile, ingxenye engenhla yekhanda nentamo, izembozo ezincane nemisila, kanye namalokhi angaphandle ezembozo ezinkulu - ophuzi, emuva, amaphiko okumboza okumaphakathi, izinsimbi ezingaphandle zezimpophoma ezincane zangasemuva kanye nezindonga ezisentabeni engaphandle eluhlaza okotshani. , izinsimbi zangaphakathi zezindlanzana ezincane ezingemuva namazwibela asele - omnyama, ophakathi nendawo omnyama, uhlangothi ophuzi onesisekelo esimnyama, lapho besondela maphakathi nomsila, izisekelo ezimnyama zihlala ziba ngaphezulu kokuqondisa isikhala, ibhuloho, ibala ngemuva kwamehlo kanye nebhendi ebanzi emnyama emuva. Owesifazane uhlukile kwesiduna ngokuthi ama-helmsmen aphakathi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ingemuva limnyama futhi liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umbala ophuzi esihlangwini, entanyeni nasekhanda kuthathelwa indawo i-olive-yellowish, ibhuloho, ibala elingemuva kwesohlo namachashazi esitsheni kumnyama, ansundu, phansi kumhlophe umphimbo, phakathi esifubeni nasesinqeni isisu, esinombala omnyama ongaphezulu noma ongathuthukisiwe okhulayo, oqhweti, ongaphansi kanye nezinhlangothi ziphuzi. Kwesinye isikhathi izinsikazi ezindala ziba cishe zifanelana ngokuphelele nabesilisa, zihlukile kubo kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka nangemuva. Abancane bafana nokugqoka kwabesifazane abasanda kuchazwa.
Mkhulu kune-Oriole ejwayelekile, ebonakala kakhulu emilenzeni nangomlomo (amaphiko amade nje kuphela): iphiko le-metatarsus beak Umlomo uqhwaku kubantu abadala ubomvu, mncane - nsundu, imilenze impunga.
Le Oriole isatshalaliswa isuka eningizimu yeDauria eduze komfula i-Amur ne-Ussuri, ifinyelela entshonalanga yeBlagoveshchensk, kanye naseChina naseziqhingini zaseFomuosa. Ubusika eNdiya, eBurma, eCeylon, ePhalamende laseMalacca nase-Indochina.