I-EAGLE (lat. Aquila), i-equatorial constellation nenkanyezi ekhanyayo i-Altair.
Kuzobukeka kanjani:
I-EAGLE (lat. Aquila), i-equatorial constellation nenkanyezi ekhanyayo i-Altair.
Mayelana ne-Encyclopedic Dictionary
Isichazamazwi Great Greatedic Ingabe i-encyclopedia yamahhala ekhethekile eku-inthanethi enokusesha okugcwele-umbhalo kanye nokuxhaswa kwe-morphology yamagama esiRussia.
I-Encyclopedic Dictionary iphrojekthi engenzi inzuzo ehlala ivela. Iqhaza elibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni iphrojekthi lidlalwa ngabasebenzisi bethu abahlonishwayo, abasiza ekuboneni amaphutha, futhi baphinde babelane ngemibono neziphakamiso zabo. Ungaphinde uxhase iphrojekthi ngokushiya amazwana noma uthumele isixhumanisi kwisichazamazwi se-encyclopedic kuwebhusayithi yakho noma kubhulogi.
Izixhumanisi eziya Isichazamazwi se-encyclopedic Kuvunyelwe ngaphandle kwemikhawulo.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba: cm 60-72 cm.I-Wingspan: 159-183 cm. Isisindo samadoda i-1.6-2.0 kg, izinsikazi ziyi-1,6 / 2 kg.
Kukhona ama-morphs amaningana, kanye nokuphuma kweminyaka, okubhalwe phansi, kanye nomehluko ngamunye. Amehlo aphuzi ngokuphuzi, ansundu aphuzi. Izimpiko zibanzi, umsila umfishane.
Ukulandela okulandelayo A. r. belisarius likhulu kune A. r. rapax, inombala omncane obomvu, futhi i-morph ekhanya imnyama. Ukulandela okulandelayo A. r. vindhiana mncane kakhulu kwabathathu futhi umnyama ngombala.
Ukubhebhetheka
Ama-Savannahs nama-steppes, kusuka kumamitha angama-0 kuye kwangama-3000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Gwema ugwadule namahlathi.
Kunemijaho emithathu yezindawo. Elinye lise-Asia (eningizimu mpumalanga ye-Iran, Pakistan, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNdiya, eningizimu Nepal nasentshonalanga neMyanmar). Elesibili eNtshonalanga Afrika (eChad, eSudan, e-Ethiopia, eSomalia nasengxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yase-Arabia). Okwesithathu eNamibia naseBotswana, enyakatho neNingizimu Afrika, eLesotho naseSwaziland.
Umsoco
Idla izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, izinyamazane, izinambuzane, ama-amphibians, izinhlanzi kanye ne-carrion, imvamisa inesisindo kusuka ku-126 g kuya ku-2.0 kg. Ukudla okuningi kutholakala emhlabathini, kepha kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zibanjwa zifinyelele osayizi bama-flamesos endizeni. Ukuzingela izinhlanzi kwenziwa ngokucwiliswa kwengxenye yomzimba emanzini. Imvamisa bayantshontsha futhi badle ezinye izinyoni.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Agasti enyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Afrika, kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuJuni eNtshonalanga Afrika, unyaka wonke eKenya, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJanuwari enkabeni naseningizimu ye-Afrika, kanti kusuka ngoNovemba kuya ku-Agasti e-Asia. Imibhangqwana iyashada.
Isidleke sakhiwa kusuka emithini, kwesinye isikhathi ngokufakwa kwamathambo ezilwane. Isidleke, njengomthetho, si-1,0-1.3 m ngaphesheya futhi sijule ngama-30 cm.Litha: utshani, amaqabunga, noboya. Itholakala ekuphakameni okufika kumamitha angama-30, imvamisa ephakathi kuka-6- 15 m, engxenyeni engenhla yesihlahla esikhethekile.
Amaqanda 1-2. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi izinsuku ezingama-39-45. Owesifazane uzibandakanya ikakhulu, yize owesilisa kwesinye isikhathi esiza. Imvamisa, kuphuma inkukhu eyodwa kuphela. Amathanga athatha iphiko esenezinsuku ezingama-76-75. Amakati afinyelela ebusheni eminyakeni engu-3-4.
Imiqondo ehambisanayo
Umlando wabathengi beByzantine njengalokhu ngomqondo wanamuhla uhlanganisa isikhathi esifushane sobukhona boMbuso waseByzantine, selokhu kwavela kuye ngokwakheka ngekhulu le-XII. Emicimbini esemthethweni, kwakusetshenziswa ezinye izifanekiselo nezifanekiselo (Greek σημ becία), futhi zingakhonjiswa nezihlangu nezibhengezo. Phakathi kwalezi zimpawu, ngokwesibonelo, isiphambano kanye ne-labarum. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaziwa ukuthi izimpawu futhi zazivame ukufaka izithombe zesiphambano, u-Kristu, iNsikazi, osanta, kepha laba.
AbakwaMarcomannians (lat. Marcoman (n) i, isiJalimane. "Abakhileyo emingceleni") - isizwe sakudala samaJalimane, ngokufana neSveva.
Ukubukeka
Abamele lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa ngumzimba omkhulu onobunzima bemisipha ekhule ngokwanele nemilenze emide, eqinile, enezinzwane impela. Indawo yekhanda lezinkozi ihlangene, inentamo eqinile futhi enemisipha. Izindwangu ezinkulu zamehlo zibonakaliswa ukuhamba kancane, kepha indawo yentamo eyenziwe kahle kahle ingaphezu kwenxephezelwa isici esincane esinjalo.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinkozi ubukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele bezipele, kanye noqhwaku oluqine kakhulu olunesiphetho esigoqiwe, esinikeza inyoni enjalo izimfanelo zokudla ezingalingani. Izinselo nomlomo wokhozi kuyakhula impilo yonke yomdlwenguli, kepha umsebenzi obalulekile wezinyoni ufaka ukugaya kwazo okusebenzayo. Bonke abamele umndeni wama-hawk nohlobo lwe-Eagles banamaphiko amade futhi abanzi, amaphiko aphezulu kakhulu afinyelela ku-250 cm, okuvumela inyoni edla inyama ukuba ikhuphuke isikhathi eside endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-600-700.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-Eagles, noma enama-wind gust aqinile ngokwanele, ayakwazi ukubhekana nanoma yimiphi imisinga yomoya, ngakho-ke ashibilika kalula lapho ebhekwe ngabomvu khona lapho ngesivinini esingama-300-320 km / h.
Phakathi kokunye, okhozi ngokwemvelo banamehlo abukhali ngokweqile, ngenxa yezinyoni ezidla inyama ezikwazi ukubuka kusuka ekudleni okuncane kakhulu kuye ngisho nasekudleni okuncane kakhulu, okuvame ukumelwa yizibungu, izinyoka kanye namagundane, nombono we-peripheral kusiza inyoni ukuba ibuke kalula izikhala ezivulekile kuze kufike ku-12 m 2. Ukuzwa kusetshenziswa okhozi lwabadala, ikakhulukazi ngenhloso yokuxhumana, kanti nephunga lezinyoni alithuthukiswa kahle.
Umbala weplamu oyinhloko wokhozi uyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezici zezinhlobo, ngakho-ke kungenzeka kube yi-monophonic ngokuphelele noma umehluko futhi ufakwe mottled. Ukundiza kokhozi kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo kuhlukaniswa izinkomba ezikhethekile zokuhamba, okuhambisana nokushaywa kwamaphiko okujulile futhi okunamandla.
Ukhozi: Incazelo
Ukhozi, njengenyoni inyamazane, luyaziwa kubantu abaningi bomhlaba. Imiqondo efana nodumo, inhlanhla, ukunqoba namandla ahambisana nale nyoni. Kungakho ezingalweni zezifundazwe eziningi ungabona le nyoni enhle kangaka. Namuhla kunezinhlobo eziningi zokhozi ezihluke ngosayizi ohlaba umxhwele. Ezinye izinhlobo ziqhosha ngokuthi ubude bazo bomzimba cishe buyi-1 imitha. Njengomthetho, izintokazi zikhulu kancanyana kunabesilisa. Isisindo sabantu abadala sisuka kumakhilogremu amathathu kuya kwayi-7. Izinhlobo zoKhozi ezinjengokhozi lwe-steppe kanye nolokhozi oluncane kubalwa njengabamele abancane kakhulu kulo mndeni.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Ama-Eagles ayizinyoni ezinyundayo, ezikwazi ukukhetha umlingani oyedwa kuphela impilo yazo, ngakho-ke, abamele umndeni onjengomndeni wakwaHawk nomndeni we-Eagle uvame ukuhlala ngababili. Ukuze kutholwe ukudla, izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinamabala ziyakwazi ukujikeleza esibhakabhakeni amahora amaningi futhi zibheke inyamazane. Ngokuvamile, inqubo yokuzingela ayithathi isikhathi esiningi, ngakho-ke amakhozi achitha ingxenye enkulu yempilo yawo ebuka okwenzeka ngakubo. Phakathi kokunye, ukudla kugcinwa ku-goiter yokhozi izinsuku eziningana, okuqeda isidingo senyoni edla inyama ukuzingela nsuku zonke.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Ama-Eagles amelela umndeni wezinyoni ezi-monogamous, njengoba zizikhethela i-pair impilo yazo, ngakho-ke ikakhulukazi zihlala ngababili. Isimanga sokuzingela kokhozi ukuthi zizungeleza isibhakabhaka amahora amaningi esibhakabhakeni, zifuna izisulu emhlabeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkozi azibheki nje esinye isisulu, kodwa futhi zilandelela izehlakalo ezenzeka zibazungezile. Izinkozi azizingeli nsuku zonke futhi njalo, ngoba ziyakwazi ukugcina ukudla ezinqolobaneni zazo izinsuku eziningana.
Izinhlobo zezinkozi ezinezithombe namagama
Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni olunzulu olwenziwe ochwepheshe baseJalimane ezingeni lamangqamuzana, kwatholakala ukuthi izinkozi zase-Akwila zingokhokho bazo zonke izinhlobo zokhozi.
Ngokuphathelene nezinkozi, kubuyekezwa okwenziwe esikhathini sethu, okuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo ze-taxa, ezihambisana nesinqumo sesikhashana sokuhlanganisa lonke i-taxa kuhlobo lwe "Aquila". Ngokwesibonelo:
Ama-Hawk Eagles (u-Aquila Fasciata)
Izinkozi zoKlebe, ezinobude obujwayelekile bamaphiko ngamasentimitha angama-50, nenyoni ephelele yezinyamazane cishe amasentimitha angama-70. Isisindo sazo ndawo ndawo ngokwesilinganiso 2 kilos. Izinyoni zihlukaniswa ngombala onsundu onsundu ngemuva, umbala omsila omsila, lapho kunephethini elimnyama elitholakala kunqamu. Isifunda esiswini sinama-alamu akhanyayo, anamahlwili noma amhlophe, anama-motusions abade, kanye nemivimbo emnyama edlulayo ku-plumage, kufaka phakathi esifundeni semilenze ephansi neangaphansi. Abesifazane balolu hlobo, uma kuqhathaniswa nabesilisa, bakhulu kakhulu.
Izinkozi zedwarha (i-Aquila renata)
Yikuphi ngosayizi nokulingana kwemizimba yazo okukhumbuza kakhulu izimbungulu ezinkulu, ngenkathi ukubukeka kokhozi okubonakalayo kubonakala ngokucacile kumphangi. Ubude bomhlaseli cishe ngamasentimitha angama-50 ngokwesilinganiso kanti isisindo ngokwesilinganiso simalunga nekhilogremu enye. Amaphiko abantu abadala aphakathi kwamamitha ayi-1,2. Abesilisa nabesifazane banombala ocishe ufane. Kulezi zinyoni ezidla inyama, uqhwaku lugoba kakhulu, kepha lufushane. Umbala ungaba mnyama noma ukhanye, kepha izinketho zokukhanya kombala womzimba zivame kakhulu.
Izinkozi zase-Indian hawk (i-Aquila kieneri)
Okungekude ngosayizi, ubude bawo bomzimba buba amasentimitha angama-52 nephiko elingamamitha ayi-1 noma ngaphezulu nje. Umsila walezi zinhlobo zezinkozi unophawu lokuzungeza ekugcineni komsila. Umzimba ophezulu unemibala emnyama, kanti i-chin, umphimbo kanye ne-goiter cishe zimhlophe. Umzimba ophansi, kanye nemilenze, inophawu olubomvu onsundu, lapho kukhona cishe imicu emnyama, ebanzi. Kunzima kakhulu ukwahlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane.
I-Golden Eagles (i-Aquila chrysaetos)
Yikuphi okubhekwe njengabamele abakhulu futhi baqinile kakhulu bohlobo ngobude bomzimba okufinyelela cishe kumitha eyi-1 nephiko elifinyelela kumamitha amabili nesigamu. Izinsikazi zalolu hlobo zinkulu kunezabesilisa futhi zingaba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-7. Izinkozi zegolide zinomlomo wokhozi ojwayelekile, ocindezelwe kamuva nangaphezulu. Ngezansi komlomo kuphelela ngesimo segwegwe.
Amatshe i-Eagles (i-Aquila rapax)
Ikhula ngobude ifinyelela ku-65 cm ngokwesilinganiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azinasisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu amabili nesigamu, futhi amaphiko azo awekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1,8. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkozi zamatshe zinemibala ehlukahlukene yeplamu, ngokuya ngeminyaka, izici zomuntu ngamunye, kanye nokuhlukahluka kwemibala yeplagethi.
ISteppe Eagles (i-Aquila nipalensis)
Ngobude bomzimba obungekho ngaphezu kwama-86 cm kanye nesisindo esilinganayo sama-kilogremu amathathu nohhafu noma ngaphezulu. Izimpiko zalesi silwane sifinyelela okungenani amasentimitha angama-225. Abantu abadala bahlukaniswa ngombala onsundu omnyama we-plumage, ngokubakhona kwendawo ebomvu ngemuva kwekhanda, kanye nezimpaphe eziyinhloko ezidwetshwe ngombala omnyama no-brown. Izimpaphe ezigobayo zihlukaniswa ngombala onsundu omnyama, ngemichilo eshintshashintshashintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshhantshantshide yempi egqamile ngokwahlukaniswa kombala onsundu omnyama, imichilo eshintshashintshashintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshintshhantshantshantshaphu yempi egqamile ngombala onsundu.
I-Wedge Taag Eagles (i-Aquila audax)
Yikuphi okubhekwa njengento enkulu kakhulu ngendlela yazo, njengoba inobude bomzimba cishe wamamitha ayi-1, futhi amaphiko awo aphakathi kwamamitha ayi-2 noma ngaphezulu kwalokho. Abesifazane bakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nabesilisa futhi bangaba nesisindo samakhilogremu amahlanu.
Izinhlobo zezinsalela zezinkozi yi-Religioniocene (Aquila kurochkini). Ubukhulu bawo obuphakathi buqhathaniswa nezinkozi zanamuhla zekhungwa ezisezingeni le-morphology.
Izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo
Indawo yokuhlala okhozi ibanzi kakhulu, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lwazo lwazikhethela izindawo zalo ezihlukile. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi kunesici esisodwa: lezi zindawo zitholakala kude kakhulu nomuntu nempilo yakhe. Kulokhu, izinkozi zitholakala kaningi ezindaweni ezisezintabeni noma ezindaweni ezivulekile.
Uma uthatha okokhozi begolide, bahlala emasimini ezwe lethu, kusukela eNyakatho neCaucasus nokuphela kwezifunda eziseningizimu yePrimorye. Ukuze izidleke zazo, kukhethwe amahlathi angenakufinyeleleka. Izinkozi ze-Wedge-tailed zegolide, ezingabhekwa njengabadala bezinkozi zegolide, zithanda ukudla izidleke emasimini asehlathini aseNew Guinea. Ama-Steppe eagles ahlala ngaphansi kwezimo zezigodi ze-steppe, kanye nezindawo ezinamagwadule angaphansi kweTransbaikalia kanye nogu lolwandle olumnyama.
Izinkozi zamathuna sekuyisikhathi eside zitholakala ezindaweni ezisehlathini lama-Ukraine, ezintabeni zaseKazakhstan, emahlathini eCzech Republic, eRomania naseSpain. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezifanayo zezinkozi zihlala e-Iran naseChina, eSlovakia naseHungary, eJalimane naseGrisi, nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
Amazwe amaningi athonsa okokhozi begolide, bese eyisebenzisa ekuzingeleni njengezinyoni zokuzingela.
Ukudla
Ukudla kwezinkozi kukhulu impela, futhi ikakhulukazi kuqukethe izinto ezivela kwimvelaphi yezilwane, futhi kuvame kakhulu kube kukhulu, yize ikakhulukazi lezi zinto zokudla zincane ngosayizi bamahhashi, izingwejeje zomhlaba, izinyoni nezinyoni. Uma okhozi belamba isikhathi eside, khona-ke angakudla kalula ku-carrion, azowathola emhlabeni noma emanzini.
Imininingwane ethokozisayo! Kunobufakazi obuqinisekisiwe bokuthi izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinamaphiko zidla izilwane eziningi, kufaka phakathi amnyama amnyama amnyama, izinkukhu ezifuywayo nezasendle, amachibi afufusayo nasekhaya, amajuba aluhlaza nawasekhaya, amajuba ama-kingfisher kanye nama-squirrels.
Endabeni yokuzingela okuphumelelayo, okhozi badla inyamazane yabo ngokushesha noma bayiphakela amaphuphu. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkozi zidla izinyoka ezinobuthi. Ngemuva kokudla, ukhozi luyikhwabanisa ngamanzi amaningi bese luqala ukuhlelela amaplamu alo.
Izitha zemvelo zezinkozi
Noma kunjalo, izinkozi, ngaphandle kokuthi empeleni azinazo izitha zemvelo, zifanekisela ukuxhumana okusengcupheni kakhulu esimisweni semvelo somhlaba. Njengomthetho, izinkozi zivame ukufela ezimpini ezinamadlozi anamandla omoya, kanye nangempisi ejwayelekile.
Kepha lokhu akuyona inkinga enkulu kangako, uma kuqhathaniswa nokuswelakala kokudla kwezinsuku eziningi. Ngenxa yokuthi umzimba ukhozi udinga ukondliwa okuhlala njalo nokuzinzile, kufanele zithuthe nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ziye ezifundeni noma emazweni afudumele.
Iphuzu elibalulekile! Lapho kunokudla okwanele okokhozi, ngenxa yalokho amaphuphu amaningi asinda ezidlekeni zawo, futhi lapho ukudla kunqabile, njengomthetho, munye kuphela, kepha inkukhu enamandla kakhulu, iyasinda.
Njengoba imiphumela yokuhlolisisa nokuhlolisisa okuhlukahlukene ikhombisa, imbangela yokuthi iningi labantu bokhozi liyancipha ngumsebenzi womnotho wabantu. Lapho umuntu eba nezingxenye ezintsha futhi ezintsha zombuso, lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinkozi zihlangabezana nokuntuleka kokudla. Into ekhona ukuthi amaketanga amaningi okudla athuthela kwezinye izindawo noma anyamalale ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinyoni eziningi ziyafa yindlala. Imvamisa, okokhozi kubulawa ukushaqeka kukagesi, njengoba bezama ukwakha izidleke zabo ezintanjeni zikagesi (ezigxotsheni).
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, ezimele "i-hawk" yomndeni zinesimo sokuzivikela "esidala ukukhathazeka okuncane." Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Ukhozi ukhozi.
- Indian hawk ukhozi.
- Ukhozi lwegolide.
- Itshe ukhozi.
- Ukhozi lweKaffir.
- Ukhozi lwesiliva.
- Wedge-tailed ukhozi.
- Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezinyoni ezidla inyama zithole isimo sokulondolozwa se “Vulnerable Species”:
- Izinkozi zokungcwaba.
- Izindawo zokungcwaba zaseSpain.
- Ukhozi olukhulu olunamabala.
Ukhozi lwe-steppe lwathola isimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini, kanye nesimo sokusondele kwabasengozini, inayo ukhozi iMoluksky. Izinyoni ezinjalo ezidla inyama njengokhozi olufushane nezindawo zokungcwaba kwamanye amazwe zibhalwe kuNcwadi Ebomvu.
Umuntu nezinkozi
Izithombe zokhozi zitholakala engubeni yempi yaseRussia, yize amakhozi emelela isigaba esingathandeki sezinyoni ezidla inyamazane, ngakho-ke zibhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu. Ama-Eagles, njengophawu lwamandla nokukhuthazela, asondele ekuqothulweni, njengezinhlobo nakho konke ukubonga ngemisebenzi yabantu yezomnotho. Ukwehla okungapheli kwesibalo sezinyoni ezidla inyama kuhlotshaniswa nezinto eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukuzingela, kanye nesimo esihlala siwohloka imvelo.
Ngenxa yobukhona beNcwadi ebomvu, kanye nochwepheshe, kungenzeka ukuthi ubhekisise futhi ubone zonke izinhlobo ezintsha zezinkozi ezisengozini.Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uphendule ngesikhathi esifanele ezinkingeni ezinjalo, uguqula isimo sibe ngcono.
Ekugcineni
Ukhozi luyinyoni eyingqayizivele, njengoba kungabonakala emaqinisweni amaningi. Njengomthetho, izintokazi zikhulu kunabesilisa, futhi umehluko ubalulekile, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi abesilisa bancane kunabesifazane. Kokubili insikazi nowesilisa kuyakwazi ukukhuphukela kumakhilomitha ayi-7 kuye kwayi-9. Ngakho-ke, akumangazi ukuthi izidleke zokhozi zihlala zisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, kungakhathalekile ukuthi zihlala kuphi lezi zidlamlilo. Kunamanye amaqiniso athakazelisa ngokulinganayo ahlobene nezinkozi. Isibonelo, azinhle kuphela, futhi zihlukile ngokuhlukile, (i-hare ingabona futhi ikhombe kusuka endaweni ephakeme ngamakhilomitha ayi-3, kodwa futhi nomthambo onesisindo esingaphansi kwezimpaphe. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi inyoni ingakhuphuka ubude obukhulu. Amandla okhozi nawo ayingqayizivele, njengoba ekwazi ukuphakamisela inyamazane ephakathi esibhakabhakeni, ingasaphathwa eyabantu abasanda kuzalwa.Lesi sidalwa sasemazulwini sine-aerodynamics enhle kakhulu, lokho ukhozi olunakekelayo: uma ngempaphe eyodwa iwela kwelinye lamaphiko, izimpaphe ezifanayo izolahleka futhi kusukela kwephiko lesibili.
Ukhozi lubizwa nangokuthi inyoni "yasebukhosini", ngoba umlando wayo uxhumeke eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule, njengoba kufakazelwa yinganekwane yabantu abaningi bomhlaba. Ezikhathini zasendulo, le nyoni yayinesimo senyoni elanga, eletha ukunqoba, kanye nenhlanhla. AmaRoma amele izinkozi ngesivunguvungu futhi akholelwa ukuthi izinkozi zingabathwali bokubani kukaJupiteri. AbaseGibhithe nabaseShayina nabo babekholelwa ukuthi izinkozi ziyizinyoni zelanga eziletha imisebe yasekuseni efudumele.
Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, noma ibaphi ababusi babefuna ukuba nomfanekiso wombusi oqinile, cishe nombusi womhlaba. Kulokhu, bathatha isithombe sokhozi, okwabonakala sengathi sibasondeza ezulwini. Zazigqoka izingubo ezihlotshiswe ngezimpaphe zokhozi, kanye nezinye izimpawu zokhozi. Ngakho-ke, kancane kancane isithombe sokhozi siguquliwe phakathi nezinkulungwane zeminyaka sisuka ezinganekwaneni zasendulo zangena enkolweni yabantu abaningi bomhlaba. Le nyoni yasungula ukugqama kobuso baphezulu, kubuHindu kanye nobuKhristu, kufaka nakwezinye izinkolo.
Kumuntu ngamunye, igama elithi “ukhozi” lisho isibindi, ukuqhosha, isibindi nezinye izimfanelo eziningi ezinhle. Ngeshwa, umuntu uyisitha esikhulu sezinkozi, ngoba uyangenelela ochungechungeni lwemvelo, wasebenza ekupheleleni. Uma kuthinteka esinye sezixhumanisi kuleli ketane, khona-ke yonke imvelo ingahle yephulwe, ngoba ukwephulwa okuzenzakalelayo kwemisebenzi yamanye amaketanga kuzokwenzeka. Kwenzeka okufanayo nasezinkozi, ngoba abantu baxosha lezi zidla zivela ezindaweni zemvelo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, zazisekhona izindawo emhlabeni lapho okokhozi lwalugcinwe khona ngenani elanele.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Ibanga nendawo yokusabalalisa yezinkozi ibanzi impela, futhi uhlobo lwendawo yokuhlala ngqo luhambisana nezinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama. Kodwa-ke, kuwuphawu kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni ukuthi akhethe indawo ekude yokuhlala nabantu nentuthuko, ngakho-ke, izinkozi zivame ukukhetha izindawo ezinentaba noma ezivulekile.
Isibonelo, izinkozi zegolide ezihlala ezweni lethu, kubandakanya nenyakatho yeCaucasus nengxenye eseningizimu yePrimorye, isidleke, njengomthetho, ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kahle zamahlathi, futhi izihlobo zazo zase-Australia - izinkozi zegolide ezibunjiwe, zizizwa zikhululekile ezindaweni ezinamahlathi eNew Guinea. Ukhozi lwe-steppeuk lukhetha izitebhisi nezindawo eziwugwadule njengendawo yokuhlala yalo, luhlala izindawo kusuka eTransbaikalia kuya ogwini lolwandle olumnyama.
Sekuyisikhathi eside kukhethwa izindawo zokungcwaba ama-Eagles yizindawo ezise-Ukraine ezihlala emahlathini, ezifundeni zaseKazakhstan, amahlathi aseCzech Republic, eRomania naseSpain. Futhi, izinyoni ezinjalo ezinhle zingatholakala ezindaweni ezinkulu kakhulu ze-Iran neChina, eSlovakia naseHungary, eJalimane naseGrisi. Izinhlanga eziningi kudala zisebenzisa abanye abamele lolu hlobo njengezinyoni zokuzingela eziqeqeshiwe kalula, futhi ngesikhathi sokubusa kwamakhosi aseRussia, izinkozi zegolide zaqeqeshwa ngokukhethekile, emva kwalokho zasetshenziswa lapho kushushiswa izimpungushe nezimpisi.
Ukudla okokhozi
Ukulungela inyoni edla inyama kungamelwa ngisho nezilwane ezinobukhulu obwanele, kufaka impungushe, impisi, nogwazana, kepha esikhathini esiningi izisulu zezinyoni ezinjalo zingamahashe amancane nosayizi bezinyoni, kanye nezinye izinyoni nezinhlanzi. Lapho kungekho khona inyamazane ebukhoma isikhathi eside, izinkozi zingadla kahle i-carrion, kuyilapho ukuzingela kwenziwa ngabazingeli abanemibala hhayi emhlabeni kuphela, kodwa futhi ngqo emanzini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izilwane eziningi, kufaka phakathi i-lofur emnyama, ihlathi nezinkukhu ezifuywayo, amachaphaza aluhlaza nezasekhaya, amajuba aluhlaza kanye nawasekhaya, ama-kingfishers kanye nama-squirrels, asesigabeni sezinyamazane eziqinisekisiwe zomhlaseli onameva.
Ukuphanga okubunjiwe, njengomthetho, kudliwa yinyoni ngokushesha noma kudliwe ngamathoyizi. Phakathi kokunye, ezinye izinhlobo zezinkozi zibhubhisa izinyoka ezinobuthi kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuthola ukudla, ukhozi lisebenzisa amanzi amaningi ngokwanele, futhi isikhathi eside luzama ukuhlanza kakhulu amapayipi alo.
Izitha zemvelo
Naphezu kwawo onke amandla emvelo namandla, izinkozi kulezi zinsuku zingamalungu ezinto ezisengozini ekuxhumekeni kwemvelo kwendalo. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinyoni ezidla ezinye nezinkulu kangaka zinezitha ezimbalwa, kepha izinyoni ezindala zingafa ngenxa yempi engalingani kanye nembangi yomoya enamandla noma impisi ejwayelekile.
Izinsuku eziningi zendlala ziyingozi kakhulu kwizinkozi, ngakho-ke, isidingo esingaguquki nesimeme somzimba sokukhiqizwa kwenyama enkulu senza izinyoni ezinjalo ezivela ezindaweni ezinesizotha zenze ukuthutha okuphoqelekile ukuya emazweni aseningizimu, kulandela ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezifudukayo.
Kubalulekile! Eminyakeni ephethe inyama eyanele, inani elikhulu lamachwane asinda esidlekeni, kepha njengomthetho, yingalo eyodwa kuphela esele iphila ngesikhathi sokungatholakali kokudla.
Njengoba kucatshangelwa kaningi nokucwaninga kwesayensi, ukulima kwezindawo ezintsha zezindawo zobuntombi nokunyamalala kwezilwane zasendle kuzo kubangela ukuntuleka kwemithombo yokudla ejwayelekile okhozini, okuyisizathu sokufa kwezinyoni eziningi ngenxa yokubulawa yindlala. Hlangana nezinye izinto, okhozi, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni eziningi, zivame ukufa zixhumene nezintambo zikagesi, okubangelwa umzamo ngabazungu abanemibala wokuhlanza izidleke esigxotsheni sikagesi.
Ukhozi nendoda
Ukhozi lungolunye lwezimpawu eziphambili zeRussia, futhi isithombe salo singabonakala ezingalweni zezwe lethu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuzisola okukhulu kwe-ornithologists, izinkozi ziyisigaba sohlobo lwezinhlobo ezingathandeki kakhulu zabazingeli abanezingwembe ezifakwe ekhasini leNcwadi Ebomvu.
Izinyoni ezidlayo ezidla ubhedu zisondele ekuqothulweni okuphelele ngenxa yobuningi bomsebenzi womuntu, futhi ukwehla okukhulu kwesibalo sabantu akubangelwa kuphela ngokuzingela kanye nezinto eziningi ezihlukile ze-anthropogenic, kodwa futhi nangesimo esijwayelekile sendawo yendawo yokuhlala okokhozi okuya kukhula minyaka yonke. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi yiNcwadi ebomvu esiza ukubona ngesikhathi futhi ukuqopha izinhlobo zezinkozi ezisengozini noma ezisondele ekuqothulweni okuphelele, okuvumela ukuguqula isimo nabantu ukuba babe ngcono.