I nasibawu ongama kungokwalabo kwezinhlobo eziningi ezidumile futhi eziningi. Lokhu isinambuzane kungatholakala cishe nomaphi iplanethi yethu, ngaphandle eNyakatho Ekude. Isithonjana esisematheni siyisidleke sezinkomo, noma kunjalo, izilwane ezifuywayo zivame ukuba yizisulu, abamele inhlukaniso ehlukile yokuhlakazeka emzimbeni womuntu. Yiluphi usongo ama akasho pose?
Imizila engena emzimbeni esiphathiswa
Umdweshu oshubile waziwa ngokungena kwawo ngaphansi kwesikhumba somphathi wawo futhi kufuduka isikhathi esithile ezicutshini, okubangela izifo zokuxineka. Kodwa kanjani they zuza emzimbeni senkosi yazo? Lokhu olunikezwa nasibawu zesifazane, okuyinto izalela amaqanda ku esikhumbeni sesilwane, avame ke inamathela ngazinye ukuze elingenamikhono, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana izibungu ziyaphuma nabo bayoba nezimpande ngaphansi nesembozo.
Ukuhlala esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula kwazo, izibungu zihlala zisemzimbeni ophethe wazo. Nge kusondela esigabeni sesibili, ngaphambi nje kokuba molt, bazithola emhlane. Phakathi nale nkathi, kule ngxenye komzimba wesilwane kuyoba Izigaxana ebonakalayo nge fistulas - esidayisa ukuvuleka. Ngiyabonga, izibungu zegadigri ezitholakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba zithola ithuba lokuphefumula, kuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana zona kanye lezi zikhonkwane ziphumele ngaphandle.
Ukulimaza imfuyo
Umjikelezo ukuzalela we nasibawu sezinkomo iqala ngo-June bese imicu ngo-September. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinsikazi ezivundile zisebenza kakhulu, zifuna umuntu ongaba isisulu sakhe.
Parasitizing emzimbeni wezinkomo, nasibawu ongama ngokuvamile kubangela ukuthuthukiswa isifo esiyingozi kakhulu - hypodermatosis. Lesi sifo kwenzeka ngemuva kokuhlala isikhathi eside we amagciwane emzimbeni yenethiwekhi kwayo, cishe ngo izinyanga 7. Ngalesi sikhathi, izibungu zegadigri elingasakazeki zinesikhathi sokulimaza kahle izitho nezicubu, kanye nesikhumba sesilwane.
Okubhaliwe! Nasibawu izibungu secrete isakhi esithile esikhethekile ezinobuthi - hypodermotoxin. Kanye inyama nobisi noma esilwaneni, kungaba ukungena emzimbeni womuntu, lokhu kuba nomthelela omubi kwezempilo!
Ama-fistulas aphakamisa ukuba khona kwe-hypodermatosis angatholakala emzimbeni wezilwane kusukela enyangeni yokugcina ebusika kuya maphakathi nehlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izibungu bayakwazi khona amaphilisi abo isikhathi kunalokho eside - mayelana izinyanga 1-3. Ngemva kokuya ngaphandle, lize liwe phansi, ngokuvamile umquba, lapho jikisa iziphungumangathi.
Okubhaliwe! Ngasikhathi sinye, ngisho nezinambuzane eziwele emfuyweni ziyingozi - izibungu eziyi-10 kuphela, esesigabeni sesithathu sokukhula kwazo, ezingangena ezimalini ezingama-40 zemfuyo!
Imiphumela
Ukutheleleka nge ongama nasibawu kuholela nemiphumela ezilandelayo:
- Izinkomo kufanele ukwehla ubisi isivuno mayelana 7%.
- Izilwane ezincane ziye zakhula ngokumangazayo.
- Ukuze umkhakha lesikhumba, esikhumbeni sesilwane ukuthi babe hypodermatosis zabhekana has izimbobo ukuthi bonakalise lesikhumba izinto zokusetshenziswa.
- Ukuze umkhakha inyama, amaphilisi lapho ukuthuthukiswa izibungu zidinga ukususwa, ngenxa okuyinto imali kunalokho enkulu inyama kulahleka, kwesinye isikhathi igciwane eqinile kubalulekile ukunquma mayelana 10% of the impahla eluhlaza.
Ukuvimbela
Ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwegciwane le-bovine, izilwane kumele zihlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngama-fistulas.
- Esikhathini kusuka Mashi May, kungcono ukuhlola ngokucophelela emuva bese wehlise ngemuva tinkhomo nemahhashi - le ndlela kuyokusiza ukuba ukubona Izigaxana ongama ngesikhathi.
Kubalulekile! Uma uthola Izigaxana, kufanele axhumane ngokushesha ne-wezilwane yakho!
Ingozi yezilwane ezifuywayo
Nasibawu izibungu kungavela inja. I cishe ukutheleleka amasayithi e Kulokhu kukhona izindawo lapho otshanini obude luyakhula futhi kungaba khona emphakathini owanele namagundane.
Okubhaliwe! Ukutheleleka ngezibungu zegajethi elingaphansi kungathinta ngisho nezinsana ezingakaze zibe semgwaqweni. Kulokhu, imbangela ukutheleleka kuyoba umama wabo, owabakhuphula izimuncagazi asekhaveni wakhe!
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Nasibawu kungokwalabo umndeni ka diptera yisinanakazana umlawuli wekhompyutha izinambuzane ukuthi Isizalo ezihlobene wezokuHlaliswa kwaBantu, okusho ukuthi kukhona izimpukane synanthropic. Onke awabekela amaqanda awo enyameni ephilayo. Okwamanje, zikhona mayelana 170 izinhlobo ezahlukene nezibawu, futhi ezinye zazo ungakulimaza empilweni yomuntu futhi kuze kubangele ukufa kwabo. Izinsalela endala ezimbiwa phansi lezi izimpukane Kwatholakala e-United States ngo-inhlabathi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-50 ubudala ukuphola emuva Eocene inkathi.
Ukwelashwa
Lapho izinja zitheleleka ngegajethi elingaphansi, ukwelashwa kuzoncika esigabeni sokukhula kwezidlakudla.
- ukususwa okuphephile isibungu kusukela komzimba isilwane kungenzeka inqobo amagciwane uye useqede kufuduka yayo futhi wayeka endaweni ethile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lingatholakala hhayi kuphela emuva, njengoba ezimweni eziningi izinkomo, kodwa futhi ikhala iso.
- Uma izibungu zegciwane le-saphenous zisesesigabeni sokuqala sokukhula kwazo futhi zisathuthuka emzimbeni, khona-ke kulokhu kuzokwanela ukusebenzisa eyodwa yezidakamizwa ze-antiparasite, ezinophawu olubanzi lwesenzo. izidakamizwa ezinjalo singadambisa izinambuzane futhi badambise uma kusolakala ukuthi izimuncagazi ukuthuthela emaphashini wesilwane.
- Uma uphethwe wokugcina kuqinisekisiwe, bese corticosteroids nazo ngokuvamile enqunyiwe.
Kubalulekile! Kungcono ukuthola igajethi elingabonakali emzimbeni wezinja ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma ngabe uphuzile ke umsebenzi obalulekile wokuhlaziya amagciwane kungaholela kokulimala zezinzwa. Futhi ikakhulukazi izibikezelo abampofu, ukubulawa kwesiguli iyona kuphela indlela yokuphuma!
Ividiyo: Gadfly
Izinhlobo eziningi eziyingozi ye nezibawu:
- cutaneous American,
- ihhashi noma isisu
- sezinkomo ongama nasibawu,
- ingaphakathi noma nasopharyngeal imvu nasibawu.
Zonke ziyahlukahluka endaweni ye-parasitism, indlela yokwazisa amaqanda ayo emzimbeni wesilwane esanyisayo, kanye nohlobo lokuvula umlomo. Ngalunye oluphilayo, uncamela ukusebenzisa isilwane esithile ukondla amaphuphu alo. Kakhulu yingozi kubantu ukubukeka besisu futhi esiswini.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukutheleleka ngalezi zinambuzane, kwesinye isikhathi umuntu udinga nje ukudla ukudla okungaphezulu kwamaqanda ama-gagazethi. Ngaphakathi emzimbeni, izibungu bacale kutfutfukisa kakhulu ngenkuthalo, zidla yimpango yabo, umuntu ulahlekelwa amandla. Migration of izibungu ngomzimba icuphe izinqubo sokugembula ukuthi kungabangela izinkinga zempilo ezingathí sina, lokufa kwabantu akukhona okungavamile ukuba likhithike.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani igajethi
Naphezu inani elikhulu izinhlobo nezibawu, zonke zibe izici ezivamile isakhiwo imizimba yabo kanye nokubukeka efanayo:
- zabo obuphelele umzimba kuhluka 1.5 kuya ku-3 cm, kuye ngohlobo,
- okokusebenza ngomlomo akukho noma kuncishisiwe, uma uhlolisisa, ungabona imihlathi ebunjiwe esontweni ekhanda,
- umzimba nge eziningi villi,
- amehlo ezinkulu kanye ukuchichima multi-ezinemibala,
- umzimba uyindilinga, ubanzi ngokwanele
- the nasibawu has 6 imilenze, imilenze front kukhona esimfushane kuka imilenze indluzelekazi,
- indawo-Mesh amaphiko kukhona angenisa ukukhanya, kancane lungaphezu umzimba.
Ngokuya ngezinhlobo nendawo yokuhlala, umbala wezimpukane eziyinhlanganisela ungahluka. I Ezindaweni eningizimu zinezikhathi khona imivimbo orange-amnyama umzimba ikakhulukazi shaggy. Enyakatho, lezi zinambuzane abe ezolile, umbala kunalokho nondescript: umpofu omnyama, onsundu, shades ezahlukene blue. AmaGadflies ahlala edidaniswa nezimpukane zamahhashi, kepha uma uhlola ngokucophelela ukubukeka kwalezi zimpukane, umehluko phakathi kwalezinambuzane ubaluleke kakhulu, kanti owokugcina uncela igazi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Amagajethi labo abazokwazi flying ngesivinini kuze kufinyelele ku-120 km ngehora, okuyinto efana ijubane dragonfly.
I isibungu izikelemu okwenyanga ka nezibawu ifinyelela ubude 2-3 cm. Umzimba ezimhlophe ezingcolile ngombala ihlukaniswe izingxenye ehlukile. Uhamba ngosizo lwe-okhula olukhethekile oluyisipesheli.
Inkinga ikuphi-ingabe bukhoma nasibawu?
Photo: Insect nasibawu
Lezi zimpukane eziyizigaxa zidlangile emhlabeni wonke, zihlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwezifunda lapho kubanda kakhulu futhi kugcina kuncipha njalo. Abasakwazi thermophilic lizalele ngokushesha kule zindawo eningizimu - lapha ungathola nabo izinombolo omkhulu. ERussia, izinhlobo ezithile zitholakala ngisho enyakatho yezwe, Urals, eSiberia. Izinhlobo ezinobungozi empilweni nempilo yabantu zihlala kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinomswakama futhi azenzeki ezweni lethu.
Njengoba for zizalela badinga khona lokuhlala ezinkulu ezincelisayo, ezinza eduze imfuyo amapulazi kanye namadlelo. Inani elikhulu nezibawu omdala kungabonakala nasemkhakheni eduze nemifula, emaxhaphozini, amachibi. Bathanda ukushisa, ilanga kanye nomswakama. Kaningi, amagajethi behla benyuka amahlathi, amasimu kanye nezimfunda, kodwa futhi ubuyele endaweni yawo evamile lokuhlala uphinde ahlale khona kukho konke ukuphila kwabo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Parasitizing ku yezimvu, izinkomo nezibawu umonakalo omkhulu ukuze imfuyo. Uma kungekho zinto ezanele emkhakheni wokubuka komuntu omdala onamaqanda angabekwa emzimbeni, khona-ke ingxenye enkulu yonke yemibungu iya esilwaneni esisodwa, kamuva esigcina sife ngokuhlushwa. Kodwa ngisho izimuncagazi eziningana cavitary noma ongama kungabangela thuthuva sina ekusebenzeni isilwane izitho.
Usho ukuthini nasibawu badle?
Abantu abadala abakaze bondle, abanaso ngisho nesisetshenziswa esithuthukisiwe somlomo, kanti amagajethi akhona kuphela ngenxa yokuqongelela okuqongelelwe ngaphambili, okuthi njengoba isibungu “sidle” ngaphakathi emzimbeni wesilwane esinyisayo. Phakathi nokuphila yayo Ngamafuphi, lo omdala nasibawu ilahlekelwa cishe ingxenye yesithathu yesisindo sayo futhi kufa ngenxa yokukhathala ezinzima. Ukuze ulondoloze amandla futhi banwebe isikhathi ekubeni khona kwabo, e ezinomoya kubanda, nabesifazane uzame ukuhambisa ngangokusemandleni, ezisele ukuba sezindaweni ezisithekile baphakathi kotshani, emagxolweni izihlahla.
Izibungu zikhula ngaphakathi kwesilwane ezincelisayo ngenxa yezakhi ezitholakala kuzicubu zomzimba wayo. Abakwazi uthuthe ngokuvumelana womkhosi wawo, ngokukhetha imvelo ezifanele kakhulu futhi okunomsoco ngokwabo. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo zitholakala ngokuyinhloko ipheshana emathunjini bese, yokuvuthwa, nizikhiphe indle sesilwane, abanye ungahambi ngokujulile ngakho, nokuba nobuhlobo obuseduze ebusweni isikhumba.
Kwesinye isikhathi izibungu zifinyelela ebuchosheni bomamkeli wazo, zixutshise ngisho nasezinhlamvini zamehlo, zibangele ukungaboni ngokuphelele. Phambi ezidala, umzimba ethintekile ilahlekelwa ngokushesha umsoco, isisindo incipha, fistulas eyinqaba yakha phezu kwesikhumba, kanye nokusebenza kwezitho iphazamisekile.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Cavity nezibawu yizinambuzane viviparous, bona uzozala izibungu zabo futhi ngokoqobo kwepetjhe emakhaleni, emehlweni yomnikazi esizayo.
Manje usuyazi ukuthi kwenzekani lapho igadle iluma. Ake uthole ukuthi isinambuzane iyaphila zasendle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: nasibawu ngokwemvelo
Kwamagajethi, ukwakheka kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ama-harems angamaduna” kuyisimo, lapho inani elikhulu labesilisa libuthana ezindaweni eziphansi ezomile. Abesifazane ngenkathi yokukhwelana ngokwabo fly kubo, bese ngokushesha uye beyofuna isilwane efanelekayo zibekela iqanda. Kuye uhlobo amagciwane, izinsikazi iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ngesikhathi kuhlasela: abathile benza izindiza esifushane futhi khasa kungabonakali ukuba isisulu, kuyilapho abanye, kunalokho, umbuthano phezu umhlambi, okwenza okukhulu sici umsindo.
IGadfly ihlukaniswa nokungenela kwayo, azishiyi isilwane sodwa isikhathi eside kuze kube zifinyelela umgomo wazo. Izinkomo uzizwe kusondela lezi zimpukane futhi ngokuvamile go nalapho behlangene bebaningi, ephumula amanzi okuphuza nokondla. Benza ngobudlova kakhulu futhi uma kukhona umzimba omkhulu wamanzi oseduze ithambekele uyifake emakhaleni abo, kodwa ngisho kulokhu nasibawu has iqhinga Ayalandelana.
Ukuqala kwehlobo kwamajezi, isikhathi sawo ngqo sincike ezimibandeni zentuthuko yazo. Kuyinto isikhathi eside kakhulu Piedmont, kwezifunda zezintaba, indlela ephakathi nendawo futhi mfushane ezindaweni eningizimu, ku emngceleni osenyakatho kwendawo yazo. Kuye ezingeni lokushisa elifanele, umoya khona kwezulu, izinsuku indiza kungenziwa sigudluke kumaviki awu 2-3.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Igciwane lezinambuzane
I asitholayo nasibawu ephelele ushintsho umjikelezo: iqanda, kuphuma iqhimiza elinemilenze, a egobolondweni, futhi umuntu omdala - omdala. Ubude bempilo ingeqi unyaka owodwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imago ukhona kusukela ngesonto inyanga eyodwa, njengoba ngokuvamile ongawamukeli lokudla kulo kwabavela ngaphandle. Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, insikazi ifuna ukuwabeka esikhunjeni sezilwane ezincelisayo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ezinye izinhlobo zama-nezibawu zisebenzisa omiyane ukwethula izibungu zabo zibe komzimba wesilwane; ngokuba lokhu, ayikuboni amaqanda ukuze imilenze lezi zilwane igazi-abancela futhi lapho omiyane luthelwe surface body lohlaselwayo, the dweba izibungu, engena ngokusebenzisa isayithi wokubhoboza. nasibawu elingenalutho ungafaka amaqanda abo izitshalo, okuphakelayo, kwezilwane ezifuyiwe ke adle.
Izibungu ziyaqhubeka ukukhula kwazo emathunjini abo, bese ziphuma kanyekanye zidoti zigcwalisiwe. Izinambuzane Ungase futhi unamathisele amaqanda abo endaweni emakhaleni, imfuyo izindebe, ukuze kuthi lapho ukhotha izilwane konjane them. Owesifazane ngesikhathi inenxenye kuze kufinyelele 700 amaqanda, okuyinto edinga ukunamathisela ngokushesha, endaweni efudumele ephephile. Imvamisa, imidlwane ibabambisa ezinweleni zesilwane, lapho izibungu zakha ngaphakathi kwamaqanda ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa - yisihlanu kuphela se-clutch esisindayo.
Khona-ke izibungu udabula epidermis futhi ukungena kwezicubu:
- lapho besanda kuqala, ubude umzimba isibungu kuba 1.5-2.5 mm, kodwa ngenkuthalo odla igazi umninikhaya futhi kwandisa izikhathi eziningana phezu isikhathi esifushane,
- esigabeni sesibili sokukhula kwayo, izibungu ezikhulile neziqinile zivame ukusondela ebusweni besikhumba bese zikhipha imisele emibili yomoya-mpilo. fistulas elikhulu yakha emzimbeni kwezilwane ngalesi sikhathi,
- capsule oluyisivikelo izicubu zezinzwa uqala ukwakha kule fistula, lapha isibungu ukuvuthwa kuya esigabeni isiphungumangathi abese ephuma,
- inqubo yokuguqula i-pupa ibe yi-imago ithatha izinsuku ezingama-20 kuye kwezingama-40.
Kunezindlela eziningi ngalezi izimuncagazi ukungena emzimbeni isilwane. Inqubo ophumayo abantu abadala kusukela iziphungumangathi kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela futhi cishe ngokushesha impukane okuzelwe okungukuthi esekwazi ukundiza, mate.
Izitha zemvelo zezinja
Nasibawu Imbalwa kakhulu izitha zemvelo emvelweni ngenxa yokuthi umuntu omdala uhlala kancane kakhulu futhi uncamela fihla e esithekile, Ezindaweni ezimnyama. Uma abesifazane ukwenza izindiza ke abesilisa ngezinye izikhathi musa bavuke ngaso sonke ebusweni utshani. Ukuzingela igajethi, kuyilapho bobabili abantu abadala nezibungu zabo, kungaba izinyoni kuphela, kwesinye isikhathi ama-ladybugs nezingubo zokuthandaza zibajoyine. Ngokuvamile lezi zinambuzane asetshenziswa njengendlela isikhali abazizingela nezibawu.
Mayelana nomkhosi wokuhlanganisa umonakalo omkhulu ukuthi lezi zinambuzane ukubuzwisa nemfuyo, kuyimpi engapheli wenziwa zalwa ngokumelene nezibawu. Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwenziwa kwamakhemikhali zisetshenziselwa ukufafaza izindawo zazo zokuhlala, isikhumba sezinkomo siphathwa njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela - ngokuphathwa okufika ngesikhathi, izilwane zingavikeleka ekungeneni kwezibungu emzimbeni. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sasehlobo esebenzayo lezi izimpukane amagciwane, imfuyo inzuzo kuyehla yesithathu, nobisi isivuno ngamaphesenti angu-15.
Iqiniso elihehayo: IGadfly ithanda ukuhlala phakathi kwezimila eziminyene, lapho zingacasha khona, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ukususa izihlahla futhi kusike utshani ukubenza benyamalale endaweni ethile yomhlaba.
Umdweshu oyingozi womuntu awunakuphila ezimweni zethu zezulu, kepha ezimweni zaseCentral naseNingizimu Melika uzizwa ukhululekile kakhulu.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani igajethi
I-fecundity emangalisayo, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zegaday kanye nenani elincane lezitha zemvelo kuvumela ukuba bande babe ngamanani amakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukulahleka okukhulu emapulazini emfuyo. Naphezu kwezinyathelo ezisetshenzisiwe ezenziwa ngabantu zokusasazeka kwamagajethi, inani labo libuyiselwa ngokushesha esikhathini esifushane. Isimo sezinhlobo sizinzile futhi asithinteki nakancane ngoshintsho esimweni semvelo esimweni saso.
Amajezi amadala awalokothi aphuze igazi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi angacasuka ngezikhathi ezingaphezu kwama-amahhashi ajwayelekile futhi abangele izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, ngisho nokufa. Ngalesi sizathu, abantu futhi kudingeka bavikele ekuhlaselweni kwabo lapho bengaphandle bethengisa, futhi bagcine imithetho eminingana yezokuphepha.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Uma izibungu zegijethi zitholwa ngesikhathi sabantu, bese zisuswa kuphela ngokuhlinzwa futhi amathuba okutheleleka komzimba cishe aqedwa. Uma izibungu zitholwe sekwephuze kakhulu, khona-ke ngesilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu ngeke kwenzeke ukugwema izinkinga - ukukhula kwe-sepsis. Enye inkinga yomsebenzi wez izibungu ngaphakathi komzimba womuntu kungaba ukusabela komzimba: kusuka ku-urticaria ejwayelekile kuya kokushaqeka okubulalayo kwe-anaphylactic.
I-Gadfly Akuyona nje impukane enkulu ecasulayo ongase uhlangane nayo ngenkathi udoba, epaki noma endlini ehlobo - isinambuzane esiyingozi esiyingozi kakhulu esizukulwane saso esingadala ukulimala okukhulu emfuyweni nakubantu, kodwa-ke, i-gadfly ihluke kakhulu isidalwa esithandekayo kakhulu ukusifunda.
Ukuvela kwesibuko
Ngaphandle, kufana kakhulu nempukane, kuphela ubude bomzimba wayo obanzi futhi omkhulu onomthungo osendaweni engemuva ngu-2 cm.
Ikhanda likhula kahle. Kunamehlo angenalutho kuso, futhi kwabesifazane bahlukaniswe ngemuva kwekhanda kubanzi kancane kunakwabesilisa, kunamehlo amathathu alula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izimpondo ku-fossa ebunzini likagajethi.
Imilenze yangemuva yalesi sinambuzane yinde kancane kuneyangaphambili. Izimpiko zikaGadfly ezinemibimbi emincane kakhulu nemithambo, ziyefana nezimpukane zangempela. Umzimba umbozwe ngezinwele ezimfishane, kepha ziminyene, kwesinye isikhathi ezinombala okhanyayo.
Igagogo libukeka njengendiza enkulu.
Ukuzala
Owesifazane ufuna inyamazane efanele inzalo yakhe ezayo. Izilwane ezifuywayo zivame ukulungele lezi zinhloso. Igagogo lensikazi libekela amaqanda afinyelela ku-700 emgqeni wazo wezinwele, izibungu eziphuma kuzo zidla igazi lesilwane.
Izibungu ngokwazo azinayo imilenze noma ikhanda. Imizimba yabo iqukethe izingxenye eziyishumi nambili. Ngakho-ke, lezi ezimbili zokuqala, ngokuvamile ezivezwa buthaka kakhulu, kunezigaba eziyi-11 kuphela. Ezinye izibungu zifakwe amabhande anezinhlayiya ezinempilo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinqubo ezinamanzi. Ukuvuleka kwezimoto ezincane ngaphambili kwesilinganiso sebhangqa elilodwa kutholakala phakathi kwengxenye yokuqala neyesibili. Izimbotshana zezimbobo ezingemuva ezingemuva, ngendlela yamashubhu okukhishwa, zitholakala engxenyeni yokugcina engemuva.
Cishe wonke amaqanda wesihlanu uyigraphthi yesikhathi esizayo eligcwele, ekwazi ukuqhubeka nezenzo ezidingekayo ukuze kube khona, okungukuthi, ukundiza nokukhiqiza, sekuvele imizuzwana engama-30 izelwe.
Amagajethi asabalele.
Ukulimaza abanye
Izinambuzane zalolu hlobo ziletha ukulahleka okukhulu kulabo ababambe iqhaza kwezolimo. Ngesikhathi lapho ukubekwa kwamaqanda kuqala kwigadle yowesifazane, isivuno sobisi ezinkomeni siyancipha, ngoba zivimba izilwane ukuthi zingadli ngokujwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani lesikhumba sesilwane esizayo, esilinyazwe izibungu zegalogi, lizoncishiswa ngokweneliseka.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamabhujethi.
Kepha umdumbula wesisu ubekela amaqanda akhe engubeni yehhashi, abangele ukulunywa, isilwane siwakhonkxe, bese siwela esiswini sakhe. Lapho bathola isigaba esithile sentuthuko - sokuncibilika. Ngemuva kwalokho, bona, kanye nezindunduma, bawela emhlabathini bese bathwebula lapho. Kumahhashi, ukuba khona kwa "makhelwane" anjalo wezibungu kungaphumela kwisifo samathumbu.
Kuyaqabukela, kepha kwesinye isikhathi umuntu uhlushwa igajethi. Izibungu zegogo elingumgugi zihamba emzimbeni womuntu. Intuthuko yabo ivame ukuphela ebuchosheni bomuntu. Isifo esibi kakhulu senzeka lapho izibungu zegadogo zihlasela iso lomuntu. Ukususa izibungu lapho, umuntu kufanele asebenzise izindlela zokuhlinzwa ezibandakanya ukulahleka kombono okuyingxenye.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Ngabe izibungu zibukeka futhi zikhula kanjani?
Isibungu, noma impethu emhlophe, sidlula ezigabeni ezintathu zokukhula emzimbeni womuntu. I-larva esigabeni ngasinye inesimo esibonakalayo. Esigabeni sokuqala, uletha isibungu esincane esingenakhanda nesimhlophe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomzimba kukhona ukuqina kube nemivimbo emithathu emnyama. Esigabeni sesibili, izibungu zinosayizi okhudlwana nobume bebhodlela. I-Larva yeminyaka yesithathu inyuka ngosayizi ngisho nangaphezulu. Isigaba ngasinye sibonisa amachashazi amnyama amnyama nemijikelezo ezungeze isifuba.
Izibungu ziphefumula ngemicengezi emibili yangemuva, leyo, ngemuva kokwethulwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba somsingathi hlala ugcwele ebusweni besikhumba.
Isigaba sokuqala sokukhula kwezibisi sithatha isonto, bese sikhula bese sidlulela esigabeni sesibili. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-18, iphinda ingene futhi iye esigabeni sesithathu sentuthuko. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-30, uba mdala futhi uyaqhubeka nokuba semzimbeni womgcini weqembu kuze kufike amasonto ayi-12, emva kwalokho ukhasa ubheke esikhunjeni bese umshiya umuntu, awele phansi. Umphimbo wezibungu uguqulwa ukuze uthole ukudla koketshezi.
I-larva idla izicubu kanye uketshezi lomzimba womuntu, incibilikise uketshezi olunama-enzymes akhethekile wesikhumba.
Izibungu eshiye abantu inyamazane emhlabathini futhi ungondli. Ngemuva kwamaviki angama-2-3, kuvela inambuzane yabantu abadala kuyo. Ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa ilungele ukundiza. Ngokungaboni kahle, igajethi inama-palp azwelayo kakhulu, avumela owesilisa nowesifazane ukuthola omunye nomunye ngokuzala isikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Ukulimala kubantu
Izibungu ze-gundane lomuntu ezisikekile zibangela isifo ebantwini dermatobiasis. Le yi-myiasis eyisibopho, ebonakala ekwakhekeni ngaphansi kwesikhumba ezungeze isitho esihlaselayo sama-node angahle akhanyiswe futhi ahlabe.
Indawo yokufakwa ifana nokukulunywa umiyane. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, inxeba liyavutha, lijike liqale ukungasebenzi. I-subcutaneous node ingafinyelela ku-2-3 cm ngosayizi futhi ifane ne-carbuncle ekhipha ubomvu.
Izibungu zingaphila kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba sikakhanda.
Imvamisa, emuva, isisu, izindwani kanye nemilenze kuyathinteka.
Amacala achazwa lapho izibungu zegajethi zingena kolwelwesi lweso, zibangele ophthalmomyasis, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni ngokuphelele kombono. I-larvae ingathela amandla ethweni lobumba, kwizindlala ezincelisayo naseziseleni zezindebe zezindebe. Ngokutheleleka okuningi, ukwakheka kobuhlungu kumboza izindawo ezinkulu zesikhumba. Ngemuva kwamaviki ayi-12, izibungu ezivuthiwe ziwushiya umgcini futhi zibhukule.
Ibhungane elinamandla kakhulu liyisidalwa esimangalisayo esinohlelo lokuzivikela lwangempela. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngalesi sinambuzane afundwe ku-https: //stopvreditel.ru/rastenij/borba/vragi/zhuk-bombardir.html isixhumanisi.
Ungazivikela kanjani kumagciwane?
Lapho uhambela eNingizimu Melika kanye naseMelika Ephakathi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinto ezidayiswayo ukuvikela ukulunywa yizinambuzane, izingubo zokuzivikela. Uma ukulunywa, kubalulekile ukuphatha abathintekile beka isibulala magciwane bese uqaphela isilonda. Uma izimpawu ezingenhla zivela, bonana nodokotela.
I-larva etholakala ngaphansi kwesikhumba ingaxoshwa, ivimbele ukufinyelela kwayo komoya-mpilo, ngokwesibonelo, ngokunamathisela indawo yayo ngeteyiphu yokunamathela. Kuqala ukwanela, izibungu ziyavela ngaphezu kwesikhumba. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingathathwa ngama-tweezers futhi isuswe ku-capsule. Ngemuva kokukhishwa, izibungu ziphathwa nge-antiseptics. Kuyelulekwa ukuthatha isidakamizwa i-desensitizing (antiallergic).
Izinhlobo ze-nasopharyngeal gadfly
Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo eziyi-9 zohlobo lwenhlobo ezingama-35 nezinhlobo ezingama-35 zegrafu le-nasopharyngeal. Umonakalo omkhulu wezinkomo endaweni yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union ubangelwa ngabameli abalandelayo:
- Igundane lezimvu - Omunye wabamele abaziwayo nabaziwayo be-subfamily. Impukane endala ifinyelela kubude bamasentimitha angama-1-2. Umbala ungahluka kusuka kokuphuzi okumpunga kuya onsundu. Ngasemuva kwabantu balezi zinhlobo kukhona amabala amnyama, ikhanda likhulu, Amehlo ane-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka atholakala kuso. Izimpiko zojekethi mncane, zibukeka ngemisundu emsundu. Igama lanikezwa izinhlobo zezinsikazi yizilwane, ezazincanyelwa ukubeka izibungu - imvu.
Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo ze-nasopharyngeal gadfly, kepha eziyingozi kakhulu kwezolimo yilezo esizichazile ngenhla. Kukhona ukukhathazeka: ingabe i-nasopharyngeal gadfly ingahlehlisela izibungu kubantu? Yebo, amagajethi anjalo akhona ngempela, kodwa ahlala kuphela emazweni ashisayo asishisayo.
Umjikelezo wentuthuko
Lapho insikazi ibona ukuthi izibungu sezivuthiwe, usesho luqala isilwane, esizoba "yikhaya" lesibungu. Ukuthola umthwali onjalo, insikazi iqala ukundiza eduze kwesilwane futhi, indiza ngemichilo yamakhala noma yomlomo, ilimaza izibungu eziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-20 ngasikhathi. Owesifazane ungenza lobu buthi kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-2-4, afake izibungu ezingaba ngu-500 - 700 emakhaleni ezilwane. Lapho isivele ku-nasopharynx yesilwane, izibungu ziqala ukuzondla kakhulu, zidla izicubu eziphilayo kanye nolwesi lwegciwane lesisulu.
Izibungu zeGadfly ziye Izigaba ezi-3 zokuthuthuka:
- Izibungu zesigaba sokuqala zinobukhulu obungu-1 - 1.5 mm. Isidumbu sezibungu simhlophe futhi simbozwe ngamaphaza amancane, okwenza kube lula ukuhlala emakhaleni osisulu. Ukukhula, ama-lago we-izibungu, aphenduka izibungu zesigaba sesibili sokuthuthuka. Ukuhlanza kwenzeka ku-concha yamakhala, izimpondo nemikhono yezinqubo ezikhuluphayo.
- Izibalo zesigaba 2 sokukhula zinkulu, ubude bazo sekuvele cishe ngamamitha ayi-10-15. Umbala, njengasesigabeni sokuqala, umhlophe. Ngasemuva, imicu emincane yombala ophuzi noma owolintshi iyabonakala. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, izibungu ekugcineni ziqhubekela endaweni engaphambili ukuqedela ushintsho.
Lapho izibungu zesigaba sesithathu sezikhulile ngokugcwele, zihamba zingene emgodini wamakhala wesilwane, kuthi lapho othwala amagciwane egxuma, kanye nokugeleza komoya, izibungu ziqhubekele emhlabathini, lapho zidabukela khona.
- Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwegajethi ye-pupa iyahlukahluka kusuka kumaviki amabili kuya enyangeni eyodwa.
Phakathi nonyaka, ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwegajethi kwenzeka kanye noma kabili, okuya ngezimo zezulu zendawo.
Kunini lapho amagajethi ayingozi kakhulu?
Isikhathi somsebenzi wegajethi sincike kuphela ezimeni zezulu. Ngaphakathi nendawo ephakathi neRussia, isikhathi esiyinhloko somsebenzi wezinambuzane yizinsuku zokubandakanyeka phakathi nehlobo. Ngezinsuku zemvula, igwegwe likhetha ukuthola indawo yokuhlala lilinde ukuphuma.
Ukulimala okuyinhloko kwegciwane le-nasopharyngeal kubangelwa ezilwaneni. Izibungu zabo zephula ubuqotho bezicubu, okudala izifo ezahlukahlukene ze-pathogenic. Izilwane ezihlaselwe izibungu zegadagala ziba novalo futhi zilulame ngokushesha, okuthinta kabi ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo (inyama, ubisi nokunye). Ukulwa nezinambuzane kuqukethe ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwezilwane ngama-parasites, ukuvimbela kanye nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezikhethekile.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani imagogo nezibungu zayo?
Amagajethi ahlala cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, anezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezingaphezu kuka-150. Ezweni lethu, izinhlobo ezingama-60 zibhalisiwe. Imvamisa imishanguzo ibeka izibungu zazo emzimbeni wezilwane, lapho ivama ukungena ngaphansi kwesikhumba somuntu. I-Dermatobia Hominis - "igajethi yomuntu" ihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo (Mexico, South America, Argentina). Esimweni sezulu esifudumele saseRussia, i-Ukraine kanye namazwe e-USSR yangaphambili, lesi sinambuzane sasingabonakali.
Umuntu omdala uhlobo olukhethekile lwezimpukane lufika ku-20 mm ngosayizi. I-Dermatobia hominis ibukeka njenge-bumblebee encane: umzimba we-shaggy nombala we-orange okhanyayo. Ugajeke unekhanda elikhulu kunelamehlo amakhulu, isisu esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, namaphiko amancane abonakalayo.
Izinambuzane ezihlala ezinkulisa zethu zivame ukuba nombala opholile: onsundu omnyama noma indwangu emnyama, mpunga. Bathanda imfuyo njengomphathi, kepha kwenzeka ukuthi uma ukuluma kungene umuntu.
Umuntu omdala akondli; ukunikezwa kwezakhamzimba ezitholakala ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka kwesibalo kwanele kuwo wonke umjikelezo wempilo.
Isibungu ngemuva kokuzalwa sincane kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sesigaba, sikhula amahlandla amaningana, size sifike ku-2 cm. Umzimba waso unesimo esimise okwama-oblong. Izinwele ezikhethekile zokuloba ziyamvumela ukuthi athole i-footh esikhumbeni sezilwane noma kubantu.
Owesifazane oyedwa osekhulile angazala amaqanda angama-650, kepha angama-20% kuphela ayasebenza.
Uhlobo lohlobo lwegajethi oluyingozi oluhlala emazweni aseningizimu.
Lungena kanjani isibungu segajethi emzimbeni womuntu?
Izibungu zeGadfly zingangena emzimbeni womuntu ngezindlela eziningana:
- Insikazi ibekela amaqanda esiswini sezinambuzane eziphuza igazi (omiyane, imikhaza). Lapho umuntu eluma inambuzane yomuntu, amaqanda angena emzimbeni womuntu. Ukufudumala, kuqhuma futhi kuvela kubo izibungu eziwela ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ukwethulwa kwezinambuzane cishe akubonakali.
- Lapho umuntu eluma ngqo i-gadfly yowesifazane uqobo, izibungu ziwela esilondeni, emva kwalokho amagciwane asemntwini akhula ngokugcwele.
- I-Hypodermatosis yisifo esihambisana nalezi zinambuzane. Kulokhu, izibungu zingena ngendlela ethambile evela ezinkomeni. Kuyindawo yasemakhaya kanye nasemapulazini akwi-latitude yethu engabhekwa njengendawo yokutheleleka engaba khona. Ama-parasites awela ngaphansi kwesikhumba, kuyilapho akwazi ukuhamba ngomzimba, ashiye imizila yonyawo ethandekayo. Izibungu zivame ukungena emzimbeni ezindaweni lapho kunesikhumba esibuthakathaka kakhudlwana, ngokwesibonelo, ekhanda, ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, esiswini, entanjeni, kaningi kungagxila ezindebeni, esweni.
- Amaqanda nezibungu nakho kungangena ezithweni zangaphakathi. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kudliwa inyama evela ezilwaneni ezithwelwe ngegajethi. I-gastric parasite iyingozi kakhulu ukwedlula isibungu esisematheni segajethi, ngoba ukuvuvukala kwayo kungaholela ekuphazamisweni okukhulu komzimba.
Izinhlobo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi nazo zingavela lapho izibungu zisezindaweni ezihlukene zomzimba womuntu.
Izigaba zokuthuthukisa izibungu
Isigaba sezibungu kugajethi kwesinye isikhathi sithatha amasonto ayi-6 ukuya kweli-10. Ngemuva kokungena emzimbeni we-host, i-parasite iqala ukondla kakhulu ngegazi, ikhipha izinto eziwusizo. Emavikini ambalwa, ikhuphuka ngosayizi amashumi ezikhathi, bese izibungu ezivuthiwe zifinyelela ku-2 cm.
Esithombeni - izibungu ezincane zegadget ezikhishwe emzimbeni womuntu.
Ngemuva kokuqoqa umthamo odingekayo wezakhi ezivela kumninikhaya, izinambuzane ziyaqhekeka esikhunjeni bese ziphuma ngaphandle. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kuvela isigaba esisha sokukhula kwegadigogo - ipupa. Kulesi sigaba, lesi sinambuzane sifika emavikini angama-2-4, emva kwalokho siphenduka umuntu omdala, omjikelezo wokuphila kwakhe izinsuku ezingama-20, umsebenzi ophambili wempukane ukukhiqiza kabusha.
Izimpawu zokubonakala kwesixaka segajethi kumuntu
Ama-parasites angena kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, ukungeniswa kwawo esiteji sokuqala akukabonakali. Ngemuva kwamasonto angu-1-2, indawo yokungena iyavuvukala, iphenduke ibomvu, ibukeke njengokulunywa umiyane.
Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, isikhumba siphenduke sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kuvuvukala nokugcwala enkabeni, kufana nomnyombo we-eel. Ukuqhuma kwamathumba nesilonda esivulekile kuvumela ukuthi amagciwane avuleke ukungena emoyeni.
Inhlalakahle ejwayelekile yomuntu onegciwane lezibungu zegadalo iya ngokuba mbi: isicanucanu nesiyezi, ubuthakathaka, umkhuhlane, ukushisa endaweni ethintekile kuyavela.
Uma izibungu esweni, khona-ke ukudwengula, ubomvu, ukwanda kwengcindezi yeso, kubonwa kancane ukopha.
Ngaphansi kwesinye isikhathi kugxilwa ekuthuthukisweni emgodini wezinzwa, lokhu kufakazelwa yizinhlungu, ikhanda, ukuvuvukala.
Ngabe ilimaza kangakanani izibungu zamagciwane?
Ngokungangabazeki, izibungu zegajethi zibanga ingozi enkulu emzimbeni womuntu. Izinga lokuvezwa lincike endaweni yezifo. Izibungu zesikhumba zephula isimo sempilo esijwayelekile, umsebenzi wezitho, ubuthi emzimbeni ngemikhiqizo yokungcola.
Okuyingozi kakhulu yizinhlayiya ze-cavity ezigxile kwizitho zangaphakathi: isisu, amathumbu, nezitho ze-ENT.
Ubumpumputhe obugcwele busongelwa isibungu sogogo, obekwe esweni lomuntu.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqeda inkathazo ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokukhula ukuze unciphise ubunzima.
Ungayisusa kanjani isibungu segajethi ngaphansi kwesikhumba?
Ukususwa kweLva kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
Injongo enkulu yanoma iyiphi indlela ukususwa okuphephile komzimba wangaphandle. Umsebenzi wokususa wenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo eziyinyumba. Indawo ethintekile iphathwa nge-antiseptic (iodine, potanganum permanganate). Ukwehla kawoyela oyinyumba kuzosiza ukuvimba ukufinyelela komoya ku-larva. Yena, esesimweni esingesihle, uzoqala ukukhahlela emzimbeni wakhe eyedwa. I-parasite ikhishwa ngama-tweezers noma nge-clamp ekhethekile.
Izibungu ziyaphuma ngaphansi kwesikhumba emlenzeni.
Ngemuva kokukhishwa, inxeba liyelashwa bese ligqokwa ngendwangu engacolile.
Ukuhlinzwa kufanele kwenziwe uchwepheshe, ngoba ngokuzisusa, izingxenye ze-parasite zingahlala ngaphansi kwesikhumba, okuzodala ukuvuvukala nokuqina kwesilonda.
Ukukhishwa okuphephe kunazo zonke ukuvumela izibungu ukuba zidedele ngokuzimele emzimbeni we-host. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa amafutha okugcoba, okhilimu kanye namafutha ukususa izinambuzane.
Izilonda ezikhiqizwayo nezilonda zesikhumba.
Inkambo yokwelashwa ngezidakamizwa izovusa ukukhishwa kwento yakwamanye amazwe ngokusebenza kuyo ngomthombo wamandla ayo - igazi. Amalungiselelo anjalo aqukethe izinto ezinobuthi epulazini.
Ungazivikela kanjani kwizibungu ezingamagajethi?
Ukugwema ukutheleleka ngezibungu zegajethi, kufanele ulandele imithetho elula:
- Lapho uya emazweni aseningizimu lapho izinambuzane ziyingozi kubantu, udinga ukuthatha izinambuzane ezikhethekile ezixosha izimpukane (amahlumela, amafutha, okhilimu).
- Izingubo zokuvikela namanetha omiyane kuzosiza ukugwema ukuthintana nempukane.
- Gwema ukuthintana nezinambuzane ngokwemvelo nakwezinye izindawo zokuqongelela amagadge, ngokwesibonelo, epulazini, emzaneni.
Izibungu zejezi kungaletha izinkinga ezimbalwa zempilo, ngokuvakasha okungadingekile kudokotela. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi, kuzimpawu zokuqala, ukuhlolwa nodokotela kudingekile. Izenzo ezizimele kuleli cala azemukeleki.
Ingozi ebantwini
Kwesinye isikhathi kungabonakala igajethi ngaphansi kwesikhumba somuntu. Lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane lubizwa nge-Dermatobia hominis. Ukufuduka kwabo kuleli cala kuyaphela, njengomthetho, ngokungena ngaphakathi ekhanda. Lokhu kuyingozi impela, ikakhulukazi uma izinhlaka zikwazi ukukubona ngamehlo. Uma kutholakala izibungu zamagagasi agingqika esweni, kutholakala ukuthi ophthalmomyiasis bese kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa lapho kususwa khona izimuncagazi. Ezimweni eziningi, lesi simo siholela ekulahlekelweni kombono okuyingxenye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengomphumela womsebenzi wayo obalulekile, izibungu zelembu elingukaputeni zivusa ukukhula kwe-dermatobiasis. Lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngesimo sezindawo ezenzeka endaweni lapho lesi sinambuzane sikhona. Lezi zindawo zingashiswa bese zidala ukuqina. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, abantu abavuthiwe bashiya isidumbu somthwali wabo.
Okubhaliwe! Umuntu angangenwa yile mibungu yegajethi elingabonakali kuphela lapho ehlala eCentral naseNingizimu Melika! Ezweni lethu, lolu hlobo lwembungu alutholakalanga!