Ubusuku buba bude, umoya ugcwele okusha kanye nesithwathwa, izitshalo zimbozwe ngengubo yokuqala, futhi izinyoni zilungiselela uhambo olude. Yebo, isikhathi sekwindla sesifikile futhi sekuyisikhathi sokuya ogwini olufudumele.
Akusikhona kithina kuphela, kodwa kubafowethu abenemichilo. Badla ngokwengeziwe futhi buthelela ngokucophelela fat, okuzobasindisa emoyeni obandayo futhi kugculise umzimba ngamandla. Ngomzuzu owodwa omuhle, umholi womhlambi ukhuphuka abheke eningizimu, kuthi emva kwakhe, zonke ezinye izinyoni zigijime ziye eningizimu.
Ezinye izinyoni zihamba zodwa, ngoba imvelo yazo yemvelo iyazi ukuthi izindiza kuphi. Vele, akuzona zonke izinyoni ezivame ukundizela eningizimu. Ngakho-ke, izinyoni ezixazululiwe njengondlunkulu, izibungu, izigaxa kanye namaqhude azizwa emuhle emakhazeni ebusika.
Zingandizela emadolobheni bese zidla ukudla abantu abazinikeza, futhi emazweni ashisayo lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni ngeke zindize. Kodwa-ke, iningi lezinyoni livama ukundiza.
Izizathu zokufuduka kwezinyoni ebusika
Wake wacabanga kungani izinyoni zindizela eningizimu bese zibuyela emuva? Ngemuva kwakho konke, bangahlala endaweni eyodwa futhi bangenzi izindiza ezinde nezikhathazayo. Kunemibono eminingana ngalokho. Enye yazo ukuthi ubusika bufikile - usho, futhi uzoba ngokulungile ngokwengxenye.
Ebusika kuyabanda, bese baphoqelelwa ukuba bashintshe isimo sezulu. Kepha ukubanda ngokwako akusona isizathu esenza izinyoni zishiya emazweni abo okuzalwa. Amapayipi avikela ngokwanele izinyoni eziqandeni. Ngokuqinisekile uzomangala, kepha i-canary iyakwazi ukuhlala ezingeni lokushisa lika -40, ngaphandle kokuthi, uma kunjalo, kunezinkinga ngokudla.
Enye imbangela yezinyoni ezindiza ivela ukuntuleka kokudla ebusika. Amandla atholakala ekudleni asetshenziswa ngokushesha okukhulu, kulandela ukuthi izinyoni zivame ukudinga kakhulu. Futhi njengoba kungezona izitshalo kuphela, kodwa nomhlaba ubanda ebusika, izinambuzane ziyanyamalala, ngakho-ke kuba nzima ngezinyoni ukuthola ukudla.
Ubufakazi bokuthi kungani izinyoni eziningi zindizela eningizimu ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla ukuthi lapho kunokudla okwanele ebusika ezinye izinyoni ezifudukayo phakathi nobusika bazo obubanda, zihlala ezweni lakubo.
Kodwa-ke, kunjalo, le mpendulo ayinakuba eyokugcina. Ukucabanga okulandelayo kuyimpikiswano. Ezinyoni, kukhona okubizwa ngokuthi yimvelo yemvelo yokushintsha indawo. Abanye ososayensi bathi nguyena obenza ukuba bathathe uhambo olude futhi oluyingozi, bese bebuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva.
Impela, indlela yokuziphatha kwezinyoni ayifundiswanga ngokuphelele futhi ifihla izimfihlakalo eziningi, izimpendulo ososayensi abangakazitholi. Kunomunye umbono othokozisayo kungani izinyoni zindizela eningizimu ekwindla bese ubuya. Isifiso sokubuyela ekhaya sihlotshaniswa nezinguquko emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Izindlala ziqala ukukhipha ama-hormone ngokuzikhandla ngenxa yokuthi lapho kuba khona ukukhula kwesizini, ezikhuthaza izinyoni ukuthi ziqhubeke nohambo olude oluya ekhaya. Umcabango wokugcina wokuthi kungani izinyoni zivame ukubuyela ekhaya kususelwa eqinisweni lokuthi ezinyonini eziningi, izithombo kulula kakhulu ukuzikhulisa eziphakathi nendawo kunokuma kwingizimu esishisayo. Njengoba izinyoni ezifudukayo zisebenza ngokwemvelo ngesikhathi sasemini, usuku olude lubanika amathuba amaningi okondla izingane.
Izimfihlakalo zokufuduka kwezinyoni
Izizathu Zokuthi Izinyoni Zindize Ziseningizimu akufundiswanga ngokuphelele, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuke kube nososayensi ongafakazela ubunyani bemcabango othile wokufuduka kobusika. Zigwebe ubuwula bokundiza kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni.
Ukwenza isibonelo, umgidi uncamela ubusika ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, lapho ilanga lifudumele khona ebusika. Kungani umgodi kufanele andize e-Europe nase-Afrika lapho kunezindawo ezifudumele ezisondele kakhudlwana? Uma uthatha inyoni efana nogobolondo, indiza isuka e-Antarctica iye esigxotsheni esisenyakatho, lapho kungekho mbuzo wokushisa.
Izinyoni ezishisayo ebusika azisongelwa ubusika noma ukuntuleka kokudla, noma kunjalo, sezikhulisile inzalo, zindizela emazweni akude. Ngakho-ke, umashiqela ompunga (angahlakazeka nesikebhe sethu) ngonyaka undizela e-Amazon, futhi lapho kufika isikhathi sokukhwelana, siphindela e-East India.
Kukholelwa njalo ukuthi ekufikeni kwekwindla yezinyoni zaseningizimu akukho zimo zintofontofo impela. Isibonelo, e strip strip, kanye nase-equator, kuvame ukuba nezulu, kanye nalezo ezingatholakali emazweni anesimo sezulu esipholile.
Izinyoni endiza ziye ezindaweni zesimo sezulu esishisayo zishiya izindawo zinesikhathi esomile ehlobo. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhova esimhlophe, indawo enhle yokwakha izidleke iku-tundra. Ihlobo elipholile nokudla okwanele, okufana nama-lemmings, kwenza i-tundra ibe indawo ekahle.
Ebusika, uhla lwezikhova ezimhlophe luyashintsha ku-steppe-steppe yendawo ephakathi. Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uqagele, isikhova ngeke sikwazi ukuba khona emaphepheni ashushu ehlobo, ngakhoke ngesikhathi sasehlobo siphinda sibuyele e-tundra.
Ingabe amakhaza akhuthaza izindiza kuphela?
Izakhamizi eziningi ziyaqiniseka ukuthi izinyoni ziyandiza ngenxa yamakhaza. Ngempela, ekwindla, amazinga okushisa ehla ngokushesha, futhi abantu kufanele bathole izingubo ezifudumele kusuka kumagumbi abo. Kodwa ingabe izinyoni zibanda ngempela? Leli phuzu liyathandabuza kakhulu, ngoba amaplamu eziningi zazo afudumele kakhulu. Amakhaza asebusika ayakwazi ukubekezelela ngisho upholi wasekhaya. Futhi abantu abakhulu, imijikelezo efanayo eshiya izinhla zasenyakatho ngama-wedges amahle, akufanele iqhwa ngokuphelele. Ngaphansi kwezimpaphe zenyoni ngayinye kukhona ungqimba lwe-fluff, olunikeza ukufakelwa okuthembekile kokushisa ngisho nangaphansi kwamazinga okushisa angama--45 degrees. Yini ebenza ukuba bandize?
Isimo siba sobala uma ubhekisisa kakhulu ekudleni kwezinyoni ezifudukayo kanye nabalingani bazo abangaboni. Ama-Omnivores abekezelela ubusika kalula, okuthola kalula ukudla nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ikakhulukazi eduze komuntu. Ondlunkulu, amagwababa, amajuba - bonke bangazitholela ukudla okwanele. Uma sibheka izingwamza, amakhreyithi - lapho kufika isimo sezulu esibandayo, alahlekelwa ukufinyelela kokudla. Amachibi ayabanda, awakwazi ukuzingela amaxoxo nezikhonkwane. Izinyoni ezihlaselayo nazo zihlala zingenakho ukudla - ebusika izinambuzane ziyanyamalala, ezinye zazo ziyafa, enye ingxenye isezingeni lokuqothuka.
Kungani izinyoni zibuya?
Ezifundeni eziseningizimu zenyoni bazithola bezondlekile ngokugcwele, bangasinda ebusika. Kepha yini ebadonsela emuva, ngoba bangahlala lapho kuze kube phakade? Kuyavela ukuthi lo mzuzu uhlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa kabusha, njengakwezinhlanzi. Ngokusondela kwesikhathi sokuzalela kwezinyoni, ama-hormone ahambisanayo nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo aqala ukukhiqizwa, ngokwanda kwethamo lawo egazini, izinyoni zibuyele lapho zona uqobo lwazalelwa khona. Zindiza ziye enyakatho ziyophila esizukulwaneni esisha, ezizondiza ziseningizimu nabazali bazo ngokuwa, bese zibuyela ekhaya, enyakatho.
Likuphi izwe lezinyoni ezifudukayo?
Ukulangazelela okunjalo okumangalisayo kwe-Motherland kufakwe emzimbeni wezinyoni, zizala kuphela lapho zona uqobo ziboshwe eqandeni. Zindizela eningizimu okwesikhashana, futhi kungumaphethelo asenyakatho ongabhekwa njengezwe lawo. Izinyoni zikukhumbula ngokuqinile konke okubonwe, kuzizwe yizo masinyane ngemuva kokuqokwa. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi ngisho namadada abheka ukuthi ngunina wokuqala njengoba abona ngemuva kokuzalwa, futhi angalandela ngenkani hhayi kuphela umama wabo weqiniso, kodwa futhi nenja, indoda.
Ukushoda kokudla
Okokuqala, izindiza zonyaka zezinyoni zihambisana nokuntuleka kokudla ngezikhathi ezibandayo. Lapho kuqala ubusika enyakatho ye-hemisphere, izinambuzane ezimbalwa nokunye ukudla kuba. Njengoba zisindile esimweni sezulu esibi eningizimu, izinyoni ziyabuya zisuka lapho bese ziqala ukuphila impilo ejwayelekile. Kepha kungani ungahlali phakade endaweni efudumele?
Udokotela wamazinyo uViktor Zubakin ukholelwa ukuthi ngaphezu kokondla, ukuncintisana kusolwa ngokubuya kwezinyoni zivela eningizimu. Ezindaweni ezifudumele kunezinhlobo zezinyoni ezivumelana nezimo ezinje. Ngenxa yalokhu, "izivakashi" zasenyakatho zibhekene nomncintiswano onamandla wokudlela izidleke nokuthola ukudla.
Futhi, ungasilahli isici sezilwane ezizingela ezivuselelwa ezindaweni ezishisayo zasehlobo. Izinyoni zaseNyakatho azihlangani nazo lapho zihlala khona ngokwejwayelekile, ngakho-ke zizama ngokushesha ukubuyela endaweni yazo. Isibonelo, izinyoni zasogwini zihlala kahle eSiberia, zidla ama-invertebrates amaningi. Kepha ebusika, kuba nzima ngabo ukusinda, bandize baye e-Australia noma e-Asia.
Yini elawula izindiza zezinyoni?
Akukaziwa namanje ukuthi yini ngempela ehlanganisa indlela yokundiza yezinyoni eningizimu. Abaphenyi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi le ndlela iqala ngokuncipha kwamahora okukhanya kwemini, kepha lolu lwazi alufakazelwa. Kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kuyindlela ebalulekile, ngoba uma behlala enyakatho, izinyoni ezifudukayo zazingenakuphila ngesikhathi sasebusika. Abantu abanezimpiko ezilimele, abakwazi ukuhamba baye eningizimu, basinda kuphela ngosizo lwabantu.
Izici zokuziphendukela kwemvelo
Okunye okwenza ukubuya kwezinyoni zivela eningizimu izinqubo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kubukeka kuyamangaza ukuthi izinyoni ebusika ezindaweni ezishisayo zishiya ikhaya lazo futhi ngasizathu simbe zindizela enyakatho. Kodwa-ke, umqondo lapha ukuthi ezizukulwaneni eziningi, amadlozi asezindaweni ezishisayo ahlala ezindaweni eziningi, kubandakanya ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Ukudla okubaningi kwesizini kanye nesikhathi eside sosuku zazibavumela ukuba bandise inzalo. Uma izinyoni zasezindaweni ezishisayo zikhula amaphuphu angama-2-3, khona-ke izihlobo zasenyakatho - 4-6. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni ezivela ezifundeni ezibandayo zaqhubeka nokubuyela ezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho isimo sokuphila kanye nokusesha kokudla kuye kuba nzima endlini entsha.
Ukusekela lo mbono, imvelaphi yezinyoni eziningi zaseNyakatho Melika ingacatshangelwa. Isibonelo, imindeni ye-vireonic ne-tanagra, kanye nezinyoni ezithile zokugwinya, zaqhamuka ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
Ithonya lezinqubo ze-electromagnetic
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwesimo emkhakheni we-electromagnetic kuthinta ikakhulukazi umzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liguqula ngokukhethekile umbungu wenyoni, kwezinye izikhathi lize liyibulale. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izindawo ezishisayo zihlukile kule ndawo esenyakatho ngokuba khona kwezulu eliningi, okuwumthombo wemisebe kagesi.
Mhlawumbe, izinyoni, ezibuya zivela eningizimu, zivikela kanye namawundlu azo ethonyeni elonakalisayo lokuduma kwezulu. Izinyoni azinamahloni ngisho nasebangeni elikhulu - konke ukuvikela izinhlobo. Izinyoni kulokhu zilufana nenhlanzi ye-salmon, yona uqobo efayo, kodwa inikeza izimo ezinhle zamaqanda ayo.
Lo mbono ungaphikiswa ukuthi kunezinyoni ezidla izidleke ezindaweni ezishisayo, zisinda kanjani? Iqiniso ngukuthi ezinhlotsheni ezinjalo, izinqubo zomzimba zihluke kakhulu kwezinyoni zasenyakatho. Ngasikhathi sinye, izakhamizi ezishisayo zizama ukuthuthukisa izingane ezindaweni ezinokuduma kwezulu okungatheni. By endleleni, izinyoni ezifudukayo zizinze ngokuningana eningizimu.
Vele, kunezibonelo zalezo zinyoni ezivumelaniswe kahle nezimo ezinzima futhi zizizwa zikhulu, zakha nezindlela ezintsha. Isibonelo idada elise mallard. Uhlala eRussia naseNyakatho Melika. Ucishe ayinandaba nokuhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo noma kwi-tundra ebandayo.
Esinye isibonelo ngupharethi ompunga. Le nyoni ivumelaniswa nemakhaza kangangokuba indiza hhayi eningizimu, kodwa eNorth Pole. Inzuzo yokuncintisana yengulube yasenyakatho yikwazi ukungena emanzini ngaphansi kokujula kwamamitha ambalwa. Ngakho-ke, ukufuna ukudla ezimeni ezinzima zale nyoni kuyinto evamile.
Ngakho-ke, kwavela ukuthi kunezici ezimbalwa ezingabamba iqhaza ekubuyeni kwezinyoni ezivela eningizimu. Ngamunye wabo angaba nesandla ekwakhekeni okujwayelekile kwezinyoni nemikhuba yazo yokufuduka.
Intuthuko yeklasi
Baqoqwe bonke ekhaphethini bavalelisane
Izingane zimile embuthanweni, zibingelela omakhelwane bazo ngakwesokunxele nangakwesokunxele ngeminwe, izintende zezandla, izindololonga, amakhala.
Isimo senkinga, ukudala isisusa
Uthisha uyabona ukundiza ukugwinya okungaseningizimu ngephiko elonakalisiwe (hlela kusengaphambili eqenjini inyonikodwa ukuze izingane zingaboni)
(uthisha uthatha inyoni ezandleni futhi uhlala ekhaphethini nezingane)
Hheyi bantu, futhi ngubani owaziyo ukuthi iyini leyo nyoni? (egwinya)
Swallow? Isikhathi sini manje? (ubusika)
Ngabe kukhona ubusika noma ukufuduka inyoni? (ezifudukayo)
Ngakho-ke iSwallow kufanele ibe nayo ndiza(emangele)
Manje yini okufanele uyenze manje? Ungamsiza kanjani? (izimpendulo zezingane)
Futhi asibize udokotela wezilwane, yonke into ibukeke ilungile ngomgwinyo wethu
(udokotela wezilwane uza futhi athathe inyoni ahambe nayo)
Ngenkathi ukugwinya kwethu kuhlolwa ngudokotela, ngiphakamisa ukuthi ngiye ebhodini elimnyama ngilalele le ndaba, kungani izinyoni zindizela eningizimu.
3. Ingxenye eyinhloko
3.1. «Kungani izinyoni zindizela eningizimu»
Abaningi izinyoni zidla i-flufflikhula ngaphansi kweplamu futhi ngenxa yalo abakwaziyo ukuzivikela ngisho nangesikhathi esibandayo njengobusika. I-Fluff ibamba umoya ofudumele futhi ivikele inyoni yesimo sezulu esibandayo. Iningi izinyoni ukundiza ngaseningizimu ngesizathu esihluke ngokuphelele, esibaluleke ngokwengeziwe nesibalulekile - ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla ezinyangeni ezibandayo zobusika. Ukudla okuyinhloko kokuningi izinyoni izinambuzaneukuthi ebusika kungaba hibernate noma bafe. Kusuka kulokhu kwizinyoni kuya kusiba nzima ukuthola ukudla. Leyo yinkondlo ebusika ngaseningizimu ukugwinya kuyandiza, amadada, amakhilogremu nezikhumba ezimnyama, ukundiza emazweni akude aseningizimu. Isizathu esifanayo siphoqa ama-goose asendle ukuba ashiye izwe lakubo. ENingizimu, izinambuzane azifi ngenxa yokubanda. Lapho ungabamba kakhulu ngendlela oyifunayo, ngangokunokwenzeka udinga ukondla izinyoni zethu. Ama-herons nezingwamza enza indiza ebheke eningizimu ngesikhathi lapho kukhululeka khona imizimba yamanzi. Amasele, inhlanzi ethosiwe kanye nezibungu ezahlukahlukene zifihla ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ebusika, amagundane ayanyamalala, angenye yezitsha eziphambili zazo izinyoni. Kulula, bacasha kude futhi bajule ngaphansi kweqhwa, bacashe ezindlini zabo. Yebo, zikhona izinyoniokuthi, ngaphandle kwanoma yikuphi ukubikezela kwesimo sezulu, kusalokhu kusebusika ekhaya - ubusika (ukuhlala) ngoba bafundile ukudla ukudla okulahlwa ngabantu. Bathola lolu hlobo lokudla ezindaweni zokugcwala komhlaba nasemgqonyeni kadoti (bayakhonjiswa njengoba batshelwa izinyoni cishe isigamu sebhodi, lapho kunesithombe samazwe afudumele, ngakolunye uhlangothi lwebhodi ubusika izinyoni.
I-Sedentary - ihlala njalo endaweni eyodwa.
Asisho leli gama sindawonye.
Sifuna ukukusiza indiza iye kumgwinyo wethu, futhi indlela isekude. Kumanje kubanda yini emgwaqweni akakutholi ukudla futhi kuphephile yini ukundiza yedwa? (cha)
Thatha izihlalo zakho etafuleni
3.2. Uhlobo lomsebenzi "Sika izithombe"
Bheka, sengikulungisele enye inkonjane.
Ngabe zibukeka njengogwinya lwethu? Uyini umehluko?
Emafulethini unezingxenye zokugwinya. Thola ingxenye ngayinye indawo yayo (izingane zibeka ingxenye emnyama nebomvu yomgwinyo). Iziphi izingxenye zenyoni oyitholile indawo?
Hhayi, manje lezi zingxenye zidinga ukuxutywa ngenduku yeglue.
3.3. Ukuhlunga kwe-buckwheat kusuka ku-semolina.
Manje sizokwenza isisu senyoni yethu. Bheka kusuka kuphi? (izingane ziyabiza)
Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa i-buckwheat kusuka ku-semolina.
3.4. Ukugqoka ukugwinya kwesisu.
Manje sibhinca isisu sokugwinya ngeglue. Silala nge-semolina. Sithinta izinsalela ze-semolina kumapuleti.
4. Ukuzivocavoca kwamehlo.
Vala amehlo akho (idlala umculo omlingo). Izinyoni zethu zaphila!
"Ukuzivocavoca okubonakalayo okunezici zomzuzu wenyama"
Izinyoni zabuthana eningizimu
Kuhlolwa nxazonke (amehlo embuthanweni)
Amehlo ngakwesokudla, amehlo ngakwesobunxele (amehlo ngakwesokudla, kwesobunxele)
Kuze kube esibhakabhakeni esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (evusa amehlo)
Amehlo phansi (amehlo phansi)
Kunamahlathi, amasimu, umfula.
Izintambo zichithekile (igagasi lezandla)
Ephume egatsheni (phuma esihlalweni)
5. Isifinyezo imiphumela.
Udokotela wezilwane uyabuya, ethi iphiko legwinya lalilimele, kepha manje konke sekuhlelekile futhi singakuthumela ukuba kundize ezindaweni ezifudumele.
Kuhle ukuthi umgudu manje endiza eningizimu! Futhi hhayi eyodwa, kodwa umhlambi wonke. Manje umhlambi wethu wenza izinyoni ezingaki?
Kumabhaluni alungiselelwe kwangaphambili nge-helium, izingane zinamathisela ama-swallows ukukopisha i-tiles bese ziyethula esibhakabhakeni.
Isifundo sengxoxo "Kungani ikati lidabukile?" Inhloso: ukufunda ukwahlukanisa okuhlangenwe nakho okungokomzwelo esibonelweni sezilwane, ukukhuthaza isifiso sezingane ukunakekela izilwane ezifuywayo, ukuthuthukisa.
Izicelo "Izinyoni zindizela eningizimu" (iqembu eliphakeme logopedic) Izinyoni esibhakabhakeni ziyancibilika, zincibilike- Izinyoni zibhabhela eningizimu. Konke, umhluzi wancibilika, Herons, cranes. Kuleli sonto umsebenzi we-lexical usuphelile.
Isifundo esihlanganisiwe sezingane ezineminyaka emi-4-5 “Kungani uNovemba e-piebald” Ababhali: othisha u-Igoshina I. M., uSmelkova O. V. Isifundo esihlanganisiwe sezingane ezineminyaka engu-4-5 “Kungani uNovemba e-piebald”. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezemfundo.
Isifundo sokugcina esihlanganiswe "Isiphethu" sezingane zasenkulisa ezindala ezinokulimazeka okubukwayo Injongo: ukuhlanganisa ulwazi olutholwe esihlokweni esithi "Intwasahlobo". Imisebenzi yokulungisa neyokufundisa: ukwenza ngokwejwayelekile futhi kuhleleke imibono mayelana nentwasahlobo.
Umcimbi wokugcina "Imithetho yemigwaqo iyabuza" Yini? Kuphi? Kungani? ”” Eqenjini elidala Inhloso: Ukuhlanganisa ulwazi lwezingane ngemithetho yomgwaqo, ulwazi lwezimpawu zomgwaqo. Imisebenzi: 1. Cacisa ulwazi lwezingane mayelana.
Isifundo sokugcina sokujwayelana nezinyoni eziseqenjini eliphakathi "Izinyoni zingabangani bethu" Inhloso: • Ukuhlanganisa ulwazi ngezinyoni • Yisho izinyoni ezimbalwa ezifudukayo, ezingenandiza, ezinamanzi, zicebise futhi zihlanganise ulwazi ngemisebenzi.
Izimpawu zesifundo esihlanganisiwe nezinto zokuhlola "Kungani izinyoni zindiza" Izimpawu zesifundo esihlanganisiwe nezinto zokuhlolwa kwezingane ezinezinkinga zezingane nezingane ezindala zeminyaka yasenkulisa "Kungani izinyoni zindiza".
Isifinyezo sesifundo sokugcina kuphrojekthi "Izinyoni Zasebusika" Inhloso: Ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kolwazi olutholwe ngaphambilini ngezinyoni zasebusika. Imisebenzi: Ukuthuthuka komphakathi kanye nokuxhumana: ukwakha ukuzethemba.
Iphrojekthi ye-Creative "Futhani, ukundiza nibaleke ..." (Umbiko wesithombe) Njengengxenye yephrojekthi yemfundo neyokudala “Fulani kude, ukundiza nibaleke.” Mina nabafana sakhumbula ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, yiluphi ushintsho olwenzekile.
Isifundo "I-Merry Poultry Yard" (isifundo sokugcina esihlokweni esithi "Izinkukhu") Imisebenzi yohlelo: Ukuthuthukisa inkulumo esebenzayo yezingane, i-flair yolwazi nokunambitha kwegama lomdabu. Khuthaza ukubamba iqhaza emidlalweni yedrama, cacisa.
Kungani izinyoni zindizela eningizimu
Izinyoni ezinezinwele ziya ezifundeni ezifudumele, eningizimu, ngesizathu sokuthi endaweni yazo yobusika akukho ukudla okwanele, futhi izinkomba zokushisa ziphansi ngokweqile. Kunzima ikakhulukazi ukuthi abantu abancane baphila emaqandeni, ngoba izinambuzane zifihla futhi imifula ibamba. Ngisho nezinhlanzi namaxoxo acashe emashalofini lapho kufika amakhaza.
Utshani obuluhlaza bufihla ngaphansi kweqhwa, amajikijolo aqandula emasimini. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinyoni zindizela eningizimu, njengoba ziphoqelelwa ukuba ziye kufuna ukudla ezindaweni ezifudumele.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, izinhlobo zezidalwa ezi-herbivorous ziqala ukuhlela uhambo lwazo oluseningizimu, ngoba futhi kuba nzima ngazo ukuzidla. Abantu bangezwa ukukhala kwe-crane okukhombisa ukuthi i-wedge selivele lenyukile ngaphezu komhlaba futhi libheke eningizimu.
Izinyoni ziqala ukuhlangana emihlambini emikhulu, ziphumule kahle ngaphambi kwendiza, ngoba zinohambo olude. Ake sithi ama-Storks angandiza amakhilomitha angaba ngu-10,000, njengoba esendleleni eya e-Afrika. Cishe ebusika, goose nama swans aya eSouth Asia. Ngasikhathi sinye, zonke izinhlobo zihlela ukubuya entwasahlobo, njengakuleliya lizwe lezidleke zazo nasemakhaya.
Yikuphi inyoni ecashe ekhaya
Akuzona zonke izinyoni ezindizela eningizimu, ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi eziye zajwayela impilo lapho kubanda. Esikhathini esiningi, bondla emigqonyeni kadoti, babuye bavakashele ukuthathwa komhlaba. Imvamisa bondliwa ngabantu ababeka imbewu kuma-feed ezikhethekile.
Izinyoni ezilandelayo azishiyi izwe lakubo:
Ngubani ondiza phambi kwawo wonke umuntu
Izinhlobo ezidla izinambuzane zingezokuqala ukundizela emaphethelweni afudumele. AmaSwift andiza eningizimu ngoSepthemba, ngoba endiza phezulu abambe izinambuzane lapho. Njengoba wazi, ezimeni ezinjalo, ukudla kunyamalala ngokushesha, ngoba kubanda kakhulu endaweni ephakeme. I-Swift ithanda ubusika e-Afrika noma eningizimu ye-India, lapho kunemigomo yonke ebusika be-carnivores.
Masinyane ngemuva kokushwibeka, ukugwinya kubhabhela eningizimu, bese bedlula olwandle, ugwadule lwaseSahara bese bema eningizimu ye-Afrika. Badla onodrako, ababanjwa kanye endibeni.
Yini eyenza inyoni ibe yinyoni?
Zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni zinezimpaphe. Kunezinye izici ezivamile kusigaba sezinyoni, kepha izimpaphe ukuphela kwento ehluke ngokuphelele kulezi zilwane. Abaningi bangasho ukuthi ukundiza kwenza izinyoni zikhetheke, kepha bewazi yini ukuthi akuzona zonke izinyoni ezindizayo? I-Emu, i-kiwi, i-cassowary, ama-penguins, izintethe kanye nama-nandus ziyizinyoni ezingabhabhazisi. Izinyoni ezingenazindiza ezinjengamapengu zibhukuda ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Izinyoni zinamadivayisi amaningi athakazelayo avumela ukuba zindize. Amathambo akhanyayo kodwa aqinile nomlomo futhi kungukuvumelana kokuncipha kwesisindo ngenkathi indiza. Izinyoni zinamehlo ahlukile, izindlebe, imilenze futhi zingakha izidleke. Ezinye izinhlobo zingenza imisindo emihle.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezindizayo zokugcina
Lapho ama-safetivores esevele ashiye izindawo ezibandayo, ama-herbivores awalandele. Ngasikhathi sinye, amadada angawokugcina ukuphuma ezindaweni zawo zokuzalwa, ngoba ayakwazi ukuthola ukudla kuze kube yilapho ichibi selimbozwe yiqhwa. Kulesi simo kuphela, ngeke kwenzeke ukuthi uthole izinhlanzi, ngakho-ke kuyodingeka ufune ezinye izifunda ezifanelekile.
Kunezinhlobo ezihlukile zezinyoni ezibhekwa njengezingenakudalwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bakhetha ukuhlala ekhaya ekwindla, kanye nokushisa ebusika. Zindiza kuphela uma izinga lokushisa lomoya liphansi kakhulu.
Abantu abalandelayo bangahlukaniswa njengama-nomadic:
Kunalezo zinhlobo ezingaphaphami. Kodwa-ke, zivame ukuncika kumuntu, ngoba zidla kuma-feeders noma kudoti. Zitholakala nangezinsuku ezineqhwa, lapho ezinye izinyoni sezihambile isikhathi eside esifundeni. Uma kungenzeka, khona-ke kufanele ubondle ngezitshalo, ukuze izinyoni zikwazi ukusinda ngempumelelo ebusika.
Kungani izinyoni zifuduka?
Izinyoni eziningi zifuna izindawo lapho kufudumele khona, kukhona inala yokudla, kanye namandla okuzala nokuzivikela kwizilwane ezidla ezinye. E-Southern Hemisphere, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo, isimo sezulu sifudumele impela, ngakho-ke izinyoni zingathola ukudla okwanele unyaka wonke. Ukukhanya kwemini okugciniwe kubanikeza isikhathi esiningi sokudla nsuku zonke, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukundiza noma kuphi ukuthola ukudla.
Izimo emazweni aseNyakatho Nenkabazwe, ngokwesibonelo, eBelarus, Russia, Ukraine, nezinye ziyehlukile. Ngezinsuku ezinde zehlobo elisenyakatho, izinyoni zinesikhathi esengeziwe sokondla amachwane wazo ngobuningi bezinambuzane. Kepha njengoba izinsuku ziqala ukuwa nokudla kushiyeka, ezinye izinyoni zithutha ziye eningizimu emazweni okuthiwa "afudumele." Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izinyoni ezifudukayo. Kunezinhlobo ezikwazi ukusinda ebusika, kanti ezinye zihlala eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Isibonelo, amajuba, amajuba kanye nezinyoni zamnyama zihlala endaweni yazo yendabuko unyaka wonke.
Lapho izinyoni zindizela khona
Kuzoba wusizo ukucubungula ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi iziphi izinyoni ezikhethayo izifunda ezithile, ngoba uhlobo ngalunye lukhetha izwe lazo ukuba lihlale kulo isikhashana. Isibonelo, izingwamza emoyeni weSoutheast Asia, kanye naseNtshonalanga Afrika. I-Redstart nayo ithanda izifunda ezishisayo, ngakho-ke indiza i-Afrika. URook ukhetha ukungachithi ubusika kude nasekhaya, ngakho-ke baya eCentral Asia, eCrimea, eCaucasus, naseNyakatho neMedithera.
IBlackbird imvamisa ihlala ibusika e-Asia Minor noma eSouth Europe. Kepha inyoni yakwaDupel, ihlala e-Afrika, lapho izizwa kamnandi khona. Ama-Lark azinza ePyrenees, kanye nase-Apennines. Ama-cranes akhethwa yiChina, iSouthwest Europe, kanye neMpumalanga.
UKorostel, obizwa nangokuthi i-dergach, ukhetha iSoutheast Africa ngendiza. ISwallows imvamisa ime e-Australia noma eSouth Africa. Ngenkathi ebandayo, ama-swans angavame ukubonakala e-Afghanistan, e-Iran, naseNhlonhlo yase-Arabia.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinyoni ezinomusa zivame ukuhlala eHindustan noma esifundeni seCaspian. Lapho, bazizwa bekhululekile impela.
Kukhona inyoni efudukayo efana ne-coot. Ngokuvamile ibonakala ezindaweni ezisogwini lweCaspian kanye nolwandle Olumnyama. Ingathatha futhi izindawo eziseningizimu. URobin uncamela ukundizela eSouth Egypt, Iraq naseCaucasus. Kwezinye izindawo ezifanele, iziqhingi zaseMedithera zingahlukaniswa.
Ukuqala kwenkanyezi kukhetha ubusika eSouthern Mediterranean lapho kuqala ubusika obubanda kakhulu. Umlwi onamakhanda amnyama undizela eGrisi, eSpain, kanye naseCyprus. Kaningi kungatholakala ebusika eSudan.
Ama-nightingales aziwa kakhulu andizela ezimpini ezifudumele ePersian Gulf, kanye nasogwini lwaseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga Afrika. Ubusika be-Wagtail eSouth Asia, kanti idada lintofontofo kakhulu eBalkan. Kepha i-heron, ihlala ngezikhathi zeqhwa osebeni lweNayile noma kwezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika. I-lapap ishiya ubusika enyakatho neNdiya, eningizimu yeJapan nePakistan.
Zonke izinyoni ngasikhathi sinye zezinhlobo zazo ziya eningizimu, kepha ezinye zithambekele kwizinkomba zokushisa. Uma ubusika bungabandi kakhulu, bayohlala ekhaya. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, izinyoni ziyaphoqelelwa ukuthi ziqhubeke nohambo olude ukuze ziphile futhi entwasahlobo ziyothola amachwane. Noma izinyoni zindiza ezidlekeni zazo amakhilomitha angama-10,000, zisazothola indlela ebuyela emuva.
Zithutha nini izinyoni?
Uhlobo ngalunye lufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Ezinye izinyoni azihambisani kakhulu nendlela yazo yokufuduka. Ezinye izinhlobo ziqala ukufudukela eningizimu ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, kanti ezinye azifuduki kuze kube kubanda kakhulu noma ukudla kungasatholakali kalula. Ucwaningo oluhlukahlukene lukhombisa ukuthi amahora amafushane emini akhombisa ukuhamba kwezinyoni eziningi.
Zidla kanjani izinyoni ngesikhathi sokufuduka?
Ezinye izinyoni zidla njalo ngesikhathi sokufuduka, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ziqongelela amafutha akhethekile anamandla emzimbeni ngaphambi kwendiza ende. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ungacabangi ngokudla amasonto ambalwa.
Izinyoni eziningi ezidinga ukudla ngesikhathi sokufuduka zindiza ebusuku emihlambini emincane. Ziyondla futhi ziphumule phakathi nosuku ukugwema abanye abazingelayo.
Zilandelwa kanjani izinyoni?
Ukuzulazula kunzima ngoba kudinga izinyoni ukuthi ziqonde izinto ezintathu: indawo yazo yamanje, indawo okuyo, nesiqondisi okufanele zisilandele ukuze zifike egoli.
Ezinye izinyoni zisebenzisa ilanga nezinkanyezi ukuhambahamba. Ezinye ziqondiswa izinto zemvelo ezinjengemifula, izintaba noma ugu olusogwini. Ezinye izinyoni zingaze zisebenzise umuzwa wazo wokuhogela. Yize lezi zinyoni zikwazi nokuhamba ngezinsuku ezinamafu futhi zindize ziwela olwandle, lapho kungekho okucacayo okuyindawo. Ngakho bakwenza kanjani?
Ososayensi baphethe ngokuthi izinyoni zizwa amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba ngokusebenzisa amandla kazibuthe. Emilonyeni yezinyoni yilapho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-magnetite - amaminerali aqukethe insimbi esebenza njengekhampasi. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izinyoni ziyakwazi ukubona amandla kazibuthe ngawazo. Isayensi okwamanje ayikwazi konke mayelana nokuqondiswa kwezinyoni, kepha mhlawumbe basebenzisa izindlela eziningana zokuzulazula.
Kungani izinyoni zindiza nge-wedge?
Umhlambi wezinyoni ezindiza ngefulethi awukho ngengozi. Izinyoni ezinkulu, njengama-goose namadada, zakha i-wedge ukunciphisa umoya. I-wedge ivumela imihlambi yezinyoni ukundiza ibheke phambili futhi kahle kakhulu kunezinyoni ezindizayo zodwa.
Lapho indiza nge-wedge, ukusebenza kahle kukhuphuka ngo-70%. Inyoni eholayo ne-wedge yokuvala yizo ezinzima kunazo zonke, kuyilapho izinyoni eziphakathi kwazo ziyahlomula ngokufaka amaphiko ezinye izinyoni.
Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukundiza, le ndlela iyasiza nasekuxhumaneni phakathi kwezinyoni. I-flying wedge ivumela izinyoni ukundiza eduze, futhi zizwe futhi zibone izihlobo zazo. Badlulisela imininingwane komunye nomunye (besebenzisa imisindo), futhi banamathela ndawonye.
Ingozi yokufuduka
Kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni kufanele zindize ezindaweni ezinokhahlo ezinjengezinkangala, lapho kunamanzi amancane noma olwandle, lapho kungekho ndawo yokuphumula nokondla.
Noma ethola ukudla namanzi, izinyoni zidinga ukulala phansi, lapho zibeka engcupheni yokuphangwa ngomunye umuntu.
Kungahle kube nezilwane eziningi ezizingelayo endleleni yokufuduka. Ngokuya ngosayizi, izinyoni ezifudukayo ziba inyamazane yamakati asendle, izimpungushe, izimpisi, abantu, nezinye izilwane. Ezinye izinyoni zingahlaselwa izinhlobo ezinkulu zezinyoni ngenkathi indiza. Kwesinye isikhathi izimo zezulu ezinzima zenza kube nzima ukundiza futhi kuholele ekufeni. Kwenzeka ukuthi izinyoni zishayane nezindiza, okuyingozi kubo nokuzenzela izindiza.
Izazi zesayensi yezempilo yezinyoni zizifunda kanjani izinyoni nokufuduka kwazo?
Izinyoni zokubopha enye yezindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukutadisha. Ososayensi bafaka unyawo noma iphiko lenyoni indandatho encane yensimbi noma eyipulasitiki. Baphinde basebenzise amanethiwekhi akhethekile, aziwa njengamanethiwekhi angaqondakali, njengendlela yokubamba izinyoni zasendle uma kucwaningwa.
Ngakho-ke, ama-ornithologists angabamba inyoni efanayo izikhathi eziningana, ayilinganise futhi ayilinganise, futhi aqoqe neminye imininingwane ebalulekile isikhathi eside. Ososayensi kwesinye isikhathi basebenzisa idatha ye-satellite ukulandelela imizila yokufuduka kwezinyoni.