AmaMartens anomzimba omncane, ubude bawo ngokwesilinganiso bufika ku-50-80 cm. Umsila we-fluffy ungamasentimitha angama-34-44. Isisindo - ukusuka ku-0.5 kuye ku-5.7 kg. Abesilisa baningi abesifazane.
Uboya balezi zilwane bukhulu, buvame kakhulu ngombala onsundu ngombala okhanyayo esifubeni, kepha umbala uyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobo.
Ama-Martens anama-paws amane amafushane aneminwe emihlanu ephetha ngemiphetho emide ebukhali. Lapho behamba, bathembela kwiminwe.
Isizalo semfene sikhonjwa ngezindlebe ezincane namnyama amnyama.
Umsoco
Isisekelo sokudla kwama-martens ngukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane: izinyoni ezincane, izinduku, kubandakanya amagundane, kanye namaqanda ezinyoni. Ezinye izilwane zize zizingele izidumbu, ngokwesibonelo, inyamazane.
Ama-Martens ahlasela hhayi kuphela izakhamuzi zasehlathini, kodwa futhi nezinkukhu. Isilwane singakhuphuka singene kunqamu lwezinkukhu, sichithe zonke izinkukhu ezibekwayo bese zidla amaqanda aso.
Ama-Martens aphula umgogodla wawo kulabo abahlukunyezwa futhi aphuze igazi labo lapho esaphila.
Uma kunesidingo, lezi zilwane zingadla imikhiqizo yezitshalo: amantongomane, amajikijolo nokunye.
Izici zokuziphatha
Ama-Martens ayizilwane ezinamathele kakhulu, zithanda ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zokuzivocavoca umzimba. Iminwe yabo ithuthukiswe kahle - abakwazi ukuyisebenzisa ngokukhohlakala kunengane yeminyaka emithathu. Ama-martens amancane achitha cishe sonke isikhathi sawo emidlalweni, enza imisindo yokuphola.
Iminyaka yokuphila kwalezi zilwane endle ingafika eminyakeni eyi-10, futhi ekudingisweni - kuze kufike ku-20.
Ukuchazwa kweMarten
Lesi isilwane esikhulu kakhulu. Izindawo ezihlala kuzo ama-marten zingamahlathi ahlanganayo futhi axubile, lapho kunenani elanele lezihlahla ezindala eziyize nezihlahla ezingafinyeleleki. Kukulezo zindawo lapho umfelokazi angathola khona kalula ukudla futhi athole nendawo yokukhosela, lapho ihlela khona izimbobo eziphakeme.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izimbaza zingagibela ngokushesha izihlahla futhi zize zigxume zisuka kwelinye igatsha ziye kwelinye, zisebenzisa umsila wazo obabazekayo njengeparachute. Uyabhukuda futhi ugijime kahle (kufaka phakathi ihlathi elinamaqhwa, ngoba umphetho oshubile ovalweni lwalo uvimbela isilwane ukuba sijule eqhweni).
Ngenxa yejubane layo, amandla nobuchopho, lesi silwane singumzingeli omuhle kakhulu. Izilwane ezincane, izinyoni kanye nama-amphibians zivame ukuba yizisulu sazo, futhi ekuphishekeleni squirrel, umfelokazi uyakwazi ukwenza ukugxuma okukhulu egatsheni lezihlahla. UMarten uvame ukuqothula izidleke zezinyoni. Hhayi izinyoni zomhlaba kuphela ezihlupheka ngokuhlaselwa kwazo, kodwa futhi, zakha izidleke zazo, eziphakeme ezihlahleni. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi i-pine marten isiza umuntu ngokulawula inani lamagundane endaweni yalo yokuhlala.
Kubukeka kanjani ama-martens?
Lezi zidla zisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo: ubude bomzimba wezilwane, kuya ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, busuka ku-30 kuye ku-75 cm, ubude bomsila buyi-12-45 cm, kanti isisindo ngu-0.5-6 kg. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zohlobo, abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Umfel'omzimba unomzimba omile ngokulingana, isizungulizungu esine-sphenoid nezindlebe eziyindilinga, zikhulu kunalezo ezisebenzisana nabo - ezisebenza ngemisuka nangama-trochees. Umsila we-fluffy, osebenza njenge-balancer, nama-paws amakhulu anezinwele zoboya obunamahloni ayishumi anikeza izinzuzo ezinhle kulezi zilwane ezinama-semi-gxuma kalula kusuka egatsheni ziye egatsheni. Izinyo, njengoba lifanela inyamazane, libukhali kakhulu.
Esithombeni, umfelokazi ukhombisa amazinyo akhe.
Uboya be-marten buthambile futhi bukhulu, bunsundu, bumnyama emsileni nasemilenzeni. Kukhona indawo ekhanyayo emphinjeni, akuvamile ukuba nebala elimnyama.
Ukubukeka
Imbila inejazi elihle nelinobuhle, elibuthuntu kakhulu ebusika kunasehlobo. Umbala wayo ungaba nemibala ehlukene onsundu (ushokoledi, isifuba, onsundu). Ngemuva kwesilwane kunombala onsundu ngombala, futhi izinhlangothi zaso zilula kakhulu. Ebeleni, indawo ebonakalayo ephuzi egqamile ibonakala kahle, ekhanya kakhulu ehlobo kunasebusika.
Amawashi omfela amfushane impela, eneminwe emihlanu lapho kukhona uzipho olubukhali. I-muzzle ikhonjisiwe, ngezindlebe ezimfishane ezingunxantathu, i-pubescent eceleni kwemiphetho ngoboya obphuzi. Umzimba we-marten u-squat futhi unesimo esidlule, futhi usayizi womuntu omdala ungaba yingxenye yemitha. Isisindo sabantu besilisa sikhulu kunabesifazane futhi kuyaqabukela seqa amakhilogremu amabili.
Badlani?
Ama-Martens adla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni, izinhlanzi, izinambuzane, futhi ngezinye izikhathi nezithelo. Bonke bangabazingeli abangakhathali, abaphenya ngokungakhathali futhi bejaha inyamazane, akunandaba ukuthi bekufihlwa kuphi. Amaxoxo amahle anobuthi futhi angabamba izinyoni nama-squirrel khona kanye ezindlekeni zawo. Ukuze zisinde ekungondleni okungenzeka, izilwane zithola ukudla okuningi ngezikhathi lapho kuningi khona. Babulala inyamazane abanayo ngangokunokwenzeka, kwesinye isikhathi okuningi kakhulu kunalokho abangakudla.
Indlela yokuphila
Umzimba wesilwane uthinta ngqo indlela yayo yokuphila kanye nemikhuba yayo. I-marten ihamba ikakhulu ngokugxuma. Umzimba wesilwane oguquguqukayo, oshubile uyasivumela ukuba sihambe ngesivinini sombani emagatsheni, sivele okomzuzwana kuphela ezikhala zikaphayini kanye nokufiswa. UMarten uthanda ukuhlala phezulu emqheleni wezihlahla. Ngosizo lwezandla zakhe, uyakwazi ukukhuphuka ngisho nasezibondeni ezibushelelezi kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lesi silwane sivame ukukhetha indlela yokuphila yasemini. Ichitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni noma ekuzingeleni. Uzama ukugwema umuntu ngazo zonke izindlela.
Izidleke ze-marten zinezimbobo eziphakeme ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-10 noma umqhele wezihlahla. Inamathele kakhulu kumasayithi owathandayo futhi awazishiyi ngisho noma kunokuntuleka kokudla okuthile. Naphezu kwendlela enjalo yokuphila, laba abamele umndeni we-marten bangathutha ngemuva kwamaprotheni, kwesinye isikhathi amakhulu ahamba amabanga amade.
Ezindaweni ezihlala ehlathini lapho kuhlala khona ama-martens, izinhlobo ezimbili zezindawo zingahlukaniswa: izindatshana, lapho zingekho khona kanye “nezindawo zokuzingela”, lapho zichitha cishe sonke isikhathi sazo. Ngenkathi efudumele, lezi zilwane zikhetha indawo encane, ecebile ngokudla ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi zizame ukungayishiyi. Ebusika, ukuntuleka kokudla kuyabaphoqa ukuthi bandise umhlaba futhi babeke amamaki emikhondweni yabo.
Umfel 'ukholo waseMelika
Ukubulawa kwezinkomo zaseMelika kuvamile emahlathini ama-coniffort aseNyakatho Melika. Kubhekwa njengesilwane esiyinqaba ebusuku. Ukuziphatha kwakhe kufundwe kancane.
Ine-fur eqinile, umbala wayo ushintsha kancane kancane usuka ku-ophuzi ophuzi (entanyeni) ube nsundu omnyama nge-tint ebomvu (emsileni nasemilenzeni).
Amapharamitha: isisindo - kuze kufike ku-1,3 kg, umzimba - kuze kube ngu-45 cm, umsila - kuze kufike ku-23 cm.
Idla ekudleni okuhlukahlukene: izinduku, izinyoni namaqanda ayo, inhlanzi, amasele, izinambuzane, amakhowe, izithelo nokunye. Ingaphishekela inyamazane emiseleni nasezihlahleni.
IGon yenzeka ngoJulayi nango-Agasti, ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezinyanga eziyi-9 kuye kwazalwa amawundlu amathathu kuya amane.
Ilka
U-Ilka (pecan, pine marten) uhlala endaweni eyihlathi laseNyakatho Melika. Prefers ihlathi coniferous. Ihlala ezihlahleni zezihlahla noma ezihlahleni (ngenkathi ebandayo).
Unobuya obukhulu, obude, ongathinteki. Umbala wejazi umdaka onsundu, ekhanda une-sheen silvery.
Amapharamitha: isisindo - kuze kufike ku-5 kg, ubude bomzimba ngomsila - kufinyelela ku-120 cm.
Ukuphila ngokwehlukana, kuyasebenza ubusuku nemini.
Idla kuma-porcupines enkuni, ama-squirrels, ama hares, izinyoni nokunye.
Isikhathi sokuzala nguFebhuwari - Mashi. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe unyaka, kuzalwa amawundlu amahlanu angenakuzivikela ahlukaniswe nonina eneminyaka eyi-5 izinyanga.
Itshe ukholo
Stone marten (webele elimhlophe) uhlala endaweni enkulu ukusuka e-Iberian Peninsula kuya eMongolia. Kubhekwa njenge-marten evame kakhulu eYurophu. Ihlala endaweni evulekile enezihlahla, izihlahlana namatshe amatshe, kanye nasezintabeni. Njengezindawo zokukhosela ukhetha imigwaqo yamatshe, izinqwaba zamatshe nezindawo zokuhlala ezingaziwa. Ukuphela kwesihlobo sakhe asesabi ukuhlala eduze kwabantu. Ingatholakala emapaki naku-attic yezakhiwo zokuhlala.
Ijazi lakhe linamabala amahle, lipendiwe ngemibala e-brownish brown, ibala elimhlophe elimfushane entanyeni yakhe. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo martens, izinyawo zezinyawo zakhe azimboziwe noboya.
Amapharamitha: isisindo - kufinyelela ku-2.3 kg, umzimba - ukuya kuma-55 cm, umsila - ukuya kuma-30 cm.
Iphila impilo yodwa yasebusuku. Umuntu ngamunye unensimu yakhe. Ukugibela izihlahla kahle, kepha kuvame ukuhamba emhlabathini.
Idla izinduku, izinyoni, amaqanda, ama-amphibians, izinambuzane, izithelo namajikijolo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuzokuhlasela amakhukhu enkukhu kanye namajuba. Imvamisa ubulala izinyoni eziningi kunalokho akwazi ukukudla.
Isikhathi sokuzala siba ngoJuni nango-Agasti. Izingane ezintathu kuya kwezine zizalwa ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Ukukhulelwa kunesigaba eside se-latent - cishe izinyanga eziyi-7.
Amatshe amatshe aqothulwa ngenxa yoboya bekhwalithi ephezulu, nangenxa yokulimala kwabo. Ngaphezu kokucekela phansi amapulazi, bachitha amakhebuli nezikhuthu zezimoto. Ezindaweni eziningi bavunyelwe ukuzingela.
Pine marten
I-pine marten (i-yellowhead) ihlala emahlathini aseYurophu nasezifundeni ezisentshonalanga ye-Asia. Ihlala ezigodini zezihlahla nasezihlahleni ezinkulu.
Isidumbu simbozwe ngoboya obumbala bumbala obunsundu, ibala eliphuzi entanyeni.
Amapharamitha: isisindo - kuze kufike ku-1,8 kg, umzimba - kuze kube ngu-58 cm, umsila - kufinyelela kuma-28 cm.
Umsebenzi uqala ukubonisa ngokuqala kobumnyama. Ugxuma futhi ugibela amagatsha kahle. Umuntu ngamunye unamathele endaweni yakhe, evikela ezihlotsheni zobulili obufanayo.
Ukhetha ukudla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, kodwa futhi angadla izithelo namantongomane. Ukuwa sekwephuzile kwenza izinqolobane zobusika.
Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo namatshe amatshe.
Nilgir Harza
U-Nilgir Harza, obhekwe njengelungu eliqavile kakhulu lomndeni wakwaKunih, uhlala emahlathini emvula aseNingizimu India.
Uboya bayo obukhulu bupendiwe ngombala onsundu omnyama, esifubeni nasentanyeni kukhona indawo ekhanyayo ye-hue ephuzi e-orange.
Amapharamitha: isisindo - aze afike ku-2,5 kg, umzimba - aze afike ku-70 cm, umsila - aze afike ku-45 cm.
Imininingwane encane iyatholakala ngokuziphatha kwakhe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ihlala ezihlahleni, kepha izingela emhlabathini, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sasemini. Idla amagundane, ama-squirrel amaNdiya, aqaphe izibankwa, izibankwa nezinambuzane.
Kuyathunyelwa
Ukuzinza kuvamile eThaiga yaseRussia naseziqhingini zaseHokkaido. Njengomthetho, uhlala emahlathini eduze komhlaba.
Umbala wejazi lakhe uhluka kusuka cishe kumnyama kuya ophuzi ophuzi.
Amapharamitha: isisindo - kuze kufike ku-1.5 kg, umzimba - kuze kube ngu-56 cm, umsila - kuze kufike ku-20 cm.
Kubhekwa njengesilwane esixakile futhi esiqinile. Amandla ukuzwa ngokujulile kanye nephunga. Ukhuphuka kahle, unyathela emhlabathini uyagxuma. Iyazingela ekuseni, kusihlwa nasebusuku.
Idla ikakhulu kuma-voles, ama-squirrels kanye nama-hares, futhi ingahlasela i-grouse ne-capercaillie. Ibuye ithande amantongomane ephayini namajikijolo.
Mating - ngoJuni-Julayi, kuzalwa amawundlu amathathu kuya amane emva kwezinsuku ezingama-290.
Ngenxa yoboya obuhle kakhulu nobubalulekile, obizwa ngokuthi "igolide elithambile", ukuzingela okusebenzayo kwenziwa kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhule ngezimo zokufakelwa.
Harza
Lo omele umndeni wakwaKunih awujwayelekile ngombala kangangokuba abaningi bahlukanisa lesi silwane njengohlobo oluzimele. I-Kharza isilwane esikhulu kunalokho. Ubude bomzimba (ngomsila) kwesinye isikhathi budlula imitha eyodwa, futhi isisindo sezinto ezibonakalayo zingaba amakhilogremu ayi-6. Ijazi line-sheen enhle. Isebenzisa ikakhulu kuma-squirrels, ama-sables, ama-chipmunks, izinja ze-raccoon, ama-hares, izinyoni namagundane. Ingakwazi ukwehluka ekudleni ngenxa yezinambuzane noma amasele. Kube nezigameko zokuhlaselwa kwe-charza kuma-moose, ezinyamazane nasezinhlanzini zasendle. Ibuye idle amantongomane, amajikijolo noju lwasendle.
I-Japanese sable
Isable yaseJapan ijwayelekile emahlathini aseJapan naseKorea. Ihlala emiseleni nasezihlahleni.
Umbala woboya bakhe onsundu (kusuka ephuzi kuye kumnyama). Kukhona indawo ekhanyayo ngemuva kwekhanda.
Amapharamitha: isisindo - aze afike ku-1,6 kg, umzimba - aze afike ku-54 cm, umsila - aze afike ku-23 cm.
Iphila impilo engahlali yodwa ebusuku. Isilwane ngasinye sinocezu lwaso.
Idla izinduku, amasele, izinyoni, ama crustaceans kanye nezithelo nembewu.
UGon - entwasahlobo, Ekupheleni kwehlobo aze afike amawundlu amahlanu.
Iqothulwe ngenxa yoboya. Ezinye izingosi ezingaphansi zivikelwe.
Ngabe uhlala kangakanani?
Isikhathi sokuphila komfelokazi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle singafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15, kepha endle baphila okuncane kakhulu. Lesi silwane sinabancintisanayo abaningi mayelana nokukhiqizwa kokudla - zonke izakhamuzi zasehlathini eziphakathi nendawo nezinkulu. Kodwa-ke, azikho izitha ezibeka engcupheni enkulu isibalo sabantu ababulawa ukholo ngokwemvelo.
Ezindaweni ezithile, inani lezilwane lincike kuzikhukhula zentwasahlobo (lapho ingxenye enkulu yamagundane, okungezinye zezinto ezibalulekile ekudleni kwama-martens, ziyafa) kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi okungapheli (ukubhujiswa kwamahlathi amadala kungagcina kuholele ekunyamalalisweni ngokuphelele kwalezi zilwane).
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Impilo ye-marten ihlobene eduze nehlathi. Imvamisa kakhulu itholakala ku-spruce, pine noma kwamanye amahlathi e-coniferous. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zezindawo zokuhlala, lokhu kuyi-spruce noma i-fir, futhi ezindaweni eziseningizimu, ama-spruce noma amahlathi ahlanganisiwe.
Ukuze athole indawo yokuhlala unomphela, ukhetha amahlathi acebile ukushayeka komoya, izihlahla ezindala ezinde, imiphetho emikhulu, kanye nokucaciswa okuningana okunotshani obuncane.
Izimbongi zingathandana namathafa namahlathi asezintabeni lapho zihlala ezigodini zemifula emikhulu nemifudlana. Ezinye izinhlobo zalesi silwane zithanda izindawo ezinamadwala nokubekwa ngamatshe. Iningi lalaba abamele izimbumbulu lizama ukugwema izindawo zokuhlala zabantu. Okuhlukile yitshe elenziwa ngamatshe, elingakwazi ukuhlala ngqo eduze kwabantu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokungafani namanye amalungu omndeni, ngokwesibonelo, ama-sables (ahlala eSiberia kuphela), umfela usatshalaliswa cishe kuyo yonke indawo yaseYurophu, kuze kufike ezintabeni zase-Ural naseMfuleni i-Ob.
Ukudla kweMarten
Ama-Martens yizilwane ezihlasimulisayo, kepha izinto eziyinhloko zokuzingela kwazo yizilwane ezincane (ama-squirrels, amagundane asensimini). Bazingela ngenkani amagundane, amakati amaningi azama ukukugwema ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu. Zingawonakalisa izidleke zezinyoni, futhi ziphange nezilwane ezihuqayo kanye nama-amphibians. Kwesinye isikhathi bayazivumela ukuthi badle i-carrion. Ngenkathi efudumele, ama-martens aduma ngokwawo ngezithelo, amantongomane, amajikijolo, ikakhulukazi umlotha wasentabeni.
Ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekuhambeni konke, ama-martens enza amasheya azowasiza ukuthi aphile isikhathi sasebusika. Ukudla kwe-marten kuncike kakhulu esikhathini sesikhathi sokubanda, indawo yokuhlala, ehambelana nokubhalwa okuhlukahlukene kwezilwane, izinyoni nezitshalo. Yize isilwane sihamba kahle emagatsheni ezihlahla, sidla phansi emhlabathini. Esiqeshini esisenyakatho naphakathi neRussia, ukudla okuyinhloko ngamaprotheni, i-grouse emnyama, i-hazel grouse, i-partridge, amaqanda awo nam amaphuphu.
I-marten yamatshe ayinakho ukulunywa yizinyosi neminyovu, ngakho kwesinye isikhathi ama-martens ahlasela apiaries noma adle uju lwezinyosi zasendle. Ngesinye isikhathi bagibela emahoreni enkukhu noma kwezinye izindlu. Ukuphonsa inyoni eyethukile kuvusa imihlola yomhlaseli wangempela kuyo, kubenze babulale konke okuphangiweyo okungenzeka, ngisho nalokho abangasakwazi ukukudla.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Inani lama-martens liyahlukahluka unyaka nonyaka, ngenxa yemvelo yesilwane esijabulisayo. Ukuntuleka kokudla okukodwa, lesi silo singase sithathe enye indawo. Ukwanda noma ukuncipha kwenani labo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuningi noma ukuntuleka kokudla iminyaka eminingana ngokulandelana, noma kunjalo, ushintsho olunjalo aluvamile. Okuqine kakhulu ngenani lama-martens endaweni ethile kuthinta ukudoba komuntu kulesisilwane esizala uboya.
Ama-Martens afinyelela ekuthweni kweminyaka emithathu yokuphila. Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Owesifazane uthwala omncane izinyanga eziyi-7-9. Izikhathi ezinjalo zihambisana nobukhona besibeletho sesikhathi sokukhula kancane, esiqala kuphela entwasahlobo.
Kungekudala, kuzovela amazinyane amabili kuya kwayi-8 kowesifazane. Bazalwa benqunu futhi bengaboni (umbono uvela kuphela emva kwenyanga) futhi awunasisindo esingaphezu kwama-30 amagremu.Ngemuva kwesikhashana, amazinyo abo aqhuma futhi umama aqale ukubanikeza ukudla kwezilwane. Ama-martens amasha aqala ukugxuma futhi egibela izihlahla ezinyangeni ezingama-3-4, nangesigamu sonyaka ukuzingela ngokuzimela. Kusukela eminyakeni emibili yezinyanga, abesifazane baqala ukusala ngemuva besisindo besilisa futhi balondoloze lo mehluko empilweni yonke.
Ngobusika, afinyelela usayizi wezilwane ezindala, bese kuqhekeka izingane. Ekuqaleni, izilwane ezincane zizingela esizeni somama, bese ziqala ukwenza kahle izindawo ezingathathwanga, ezibi kakhulu futhi ezinendawo yokukhosela embalwa kunalena ethuthukile. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwemboni, yibo abakha inqwaba yokuzingela kwabazingeli.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Kuhlala iningi le-Eurasia. Indawo yokuhlala yayo isuka kumaPyrenees iye eHimalaya. Ubuningi kuyo yonke insimu buphakeme impela kanti ummbila uvunyelwe ukuzingela. Kwezinye izifundazwe zaseNyakatho Melika, ama-martens ayethuliswa ngokukhethekile futhi azalelwe ukuzingela uboya.
Kuyathakazelisa! Umfelokazi ungummeleli womndeni omkhulu we-marten. Uyisilwane esibalulekile esizala ubhiya, futhi futhi unesiphundu esimnyama esimnyama noma uboya obuphuzi.
UMarten
UMarten - isilwanyana esidliwayo esiphakeme esiphakathi, esinomzimba omuhle nomsila omkhulu. Abamele umndeni wakwaKunih bangabazingeli abahle kakhulu abaye bathuthukisa i-paw motility, kanye nezikhuhla ezibukhali kanye nezimpama ezingadala i-lacerations kubantu.
Abantu abadala benza imisebenzi yokuzivocavoca, ebavumela ukuba baphile iminyaka engama-20, futhi amawundlu adlala njalo, enza ukhokho.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Umbuzo wemvelaphi yama-martens uyinkimbinkimbi futhi awuqondakali. Ukuze ngenze lokhu, bekufanele ngenze uphenyo lonke lomphenyi, nginqume ubunikazi bazo zonke izinhlobo ezikhona:
- Kuyathunyelwa.
- I-Forest marten.
- Itshe ukholo
- Ussuri marten (harza).
- Kidus (ingxube ye-sable ne-pine marten).
Lezi zinhlobo ze-genus marten futhi ziyizihlobo ezisondelene zohlobo lwe-genus minks, i-weasels, ama-rodver, ama-wolverines, ama-ferrets, ama-dressings, ama-badger, ngisho ne-otter yolwandle kanye nomfula. Lezi zilwane zivumelaniswe kahle nokuphila kuwo wonke amazwekazi lapho abantu behlala ngokukhululeka. Ungahlangana nabo eTaiga, eYurophu, e-Afrika, eSouth kanye naseNyakatho Melika, futhi kuyo yonke indawo.
Bavela kukhokho ojwayelekile okungenzeka ukuthi wayephila eminyakeni engama-35 ezigidi edlule. Lezi zinhlobo ezingenhla zingezomndeni wama-marten futhi zinobudlelwano bomndeni nomndeni wezinja, ama-raccoon, amabhere namakati. Kunzima ukucabanga, kepha empeleni babefana, ngoba babemelela ukuhlangana kwezitha.
Okumangalisa kakhulu yikhokho elivamile le-myacid, elalihlalisa uMhlaba eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-50 edlule! Kucatshangwa ukuthi ungukhokho wabo bonke abadla izinyamazane abaziwayo. Wayemncane, eguquguquka, enomsila omude nengqondo enkulu, okukhombisa ubuhlakani obuhle kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-15, abanye abamele baqala ukuthola izimfanelo zokufelwa, kusukela ngalolo suku udaba lwabo lwaqala.
Uhlala kuphi umfel 'ukholo?
Isithombe: Marten
I-pine marten itholakala eYurophu, enyakatho ye-Asia naseCaucasus. Kule nsimu kuhlala izihlahla ezinde zase-Urals naseSiberia eNtshonalanga. Kwesinye isikhathi itholakala kumapaki amadolobha aseMoscow: Tsaritsyno naseVorobyovy Gory. Kancane kancane, i-sable ngokungenamahloni yakuphoqa ukuphuma eMfuleni i-Ob, ngaphambili yatholakala lapho inesilinganiso esanele.
USable wayehlala endaweni ebanzi: eSiberia, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, Korea, enyakatho yeJapan, iMongolia, ngokwengxenye iMpumalanga Ekude. Ngokungafani ne-pine marten, ithanda ukugijimela emhlabathini kunokuba igibele izihlahla, iyakuthanda ukuhlala emahlathini amancane kunezihlahla ezinamahloni. Lezi zilwane ezihlala phansi azivamile ukuba zishintshe indawo yazo, kuphela ezimweni ezinzima: imililo, ukuntuleka kokudla noma ukuminza kwezinyamazane.
U-Kidas, njengendlalifa kumfa kaphayini futhi osengcupheni, uhlala endaweni yokuhlangana yalaba bantu abazingelayo. Ngokusho kokuzibonela, kutholakala kakhulu ethafeni lomfula i-Pechora, eTrans-Urals, e-Urals nasenyakatho ye-Urals. Njengo-sable, ukhetha ukubakhona komhlaba.
I-pine marten, ngokungafani nezihlobo zayo, ithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo futhi ihlala eningizimu. Indawo yokuhlala ihlanganisa cishe yonke i-Eurasia futhi isuka kumaPyrenees iye esigodini saseMongolia nesigaba saseHimalayan. Uthanda indawo ye-steppe enezihlahlana eziningi. Abanye abantu bazizwa bemnandi endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4000, okuyigama ababizwa ngalo.
IHarza ithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo futhi ihlala ngisho naseningizimu kune-pine marten. Kuningi impela eNhlonhlo YaseHindustan, amathafa aseChinese neziqhingi. Kutholakala eMalaysia, kanye ne-Amur Region, Primorsky neKhabarovsk Territories. Ezinye izakhamizi zesifunda se-Amur kwesinye isikhathi nazo zihlangana ne-charza, kepha kaningi.
Ngabe udlani?
Isithombe: Marten
Ama-martens amahlathi angama-omnivores. Bazingela, mhlawumbe ebusuku, kuma-squirrels, hares, voles, izinyoni namaqanda abo. Kwesinye isikhathi yidla iminenke, amasele, izinambuzane kanye ne-carrion. Emapaki amadolobha alwa ngamagundane namanzi nakuma-muskrats. Ekwindla, jabulela izithelo, amantongomane namajikijolo. Catch izinhlanzi nezinambuzane ezincane. Kwezinye izikhathi ama-hedgehogs ayahlasela. Ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla yokuqala, ithenge ukudla ebusika.
Iyakwazi ukugcwala, njenge-Kidas yayo eyi-hybrid, futhi igcina ihlathi licwathi. Kodwa, ngokungafani ne-pine marten, ibeka kuqala ukuzingela emhlabathini, yingakho ama-chipmunks kanye nama-moles abiza kakhulu ekudleni. Abesilisa abakhulu bayakwazi ukubulala umhlanga. Phakathi kwezinyoni, ukuzingela kuyenzeka koondlunkulu, emaceleni nase-capercaillie - amathuba okusinda lapho ehlangana nawo ayi-zero.
Ukuzingela kwama-squirrels kuphenduka i-thriller yangempela - isable ixoshwa yisisulu ezihlahleni, ngezikhathi ezithile sigxuma sisuka kumamitha ayi-7 ukuphakama.
Ama-martens amatshe futhi azalwa abazingeli, abanamehlo amahle kakhulu, ukuzwa nokuhogela. Ngenxa yokuthi bakwazi ukulandelela noma isiphi isilo esibonakala sihle kubo. Bahlukile kubamele abedlule bomndeni wakwaKunih ngesibindi nangesihluku: bangena emajuba ngamakhukhamba enkukhu, lapho abulala khona zonke izinyamazane.
UHarza ungumzingeli onamandla womndeni. Ibaleka ngokushesha futhi igxume ibanga lamamitha amane. Idla ngamagundane, izinyoni futhi ayizideleli notshani. Impela kuvame ukulandela imicibisholo. Amantongomane namajikijolo kudliwa ngenani elincane ukuze kulondolozwe inani elanele lamavithamini emzimbeni. Ithanda ukuzidlela usulu lwe-musk.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Marten isilwane
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ama-pine martens achitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwabo emithini. Zihamba kahle nazo, zigxuma ebangeni lamamitha amane. Abesifazane nabesilisa banensimu yabo, enganqamula, lapho bakha noma basebenzise indawo yokuhlala yama-squirrels noma yezinyoni. Ukuhlonza amazwe abo, basebenzisa imfihlo efihlwe yizinduna zezitho. Balala emini, bazingele ebusuku.
Isici esiyinhloko se-sable: ukuzwa okuthuthukile nomqondo ojulile wokuhogela. Uyakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade, okukhombisa ukukhuthazela okuhle kakhulu. Ikhadi lokushayela likaSable liyindlela ethokozisayo yokuxhumana. Imvamisa, bahlala bekhononda kancane, uma udinga ukuxwayisa ngengozi - bayaqhekeka, futhi ngesikhathi semidlalo yezithandani sivuthwa ngomusa.
Indlela yokuphila ka-Kidas ixhomeke kulokho ufuzo olwedluliselwa ngabazali bakhe: ukuthopha ngokudumisa noma ukubanjwa, nokuthi yayiyini indima yabo ekukhulisweni. Lesi yisilwane esimangalisa kakhulu, esingajwayelekile futhi esifundwe kabi, esitholakala sisebancane sitholwa nabamele abahlukene bomndeni we-marten: i-sable ne-pine marten.
Amatshe amatshe ayazingela ebusuku, kepha phakathi nosuku alala ngenqwaba yamatshe nasemifantwini yamatshe, hhayi ezihlahleni, njengezihlahla zehlathi. Lolu hlobo lusondele kakhulu kubantu ngoba izitebele noma ama-attic avame ukusetshenziswa njengezindawo zokukhosela nezinyamazane ezinkukhu nasejuba okwamiswa ngabalimi. Ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela, aphila impilo yesifiso, angafuni ukuhlangana nezinhlobo zawo.
Kharza umi ekuzingeleni iphakethe futhi uyisilwane esinokuthula emphakathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unamandla amakhulu futhi uyakwazi ukubhekana namawundlu esilo esikhulu, ngokwesibonelo, amaxhama noma izingulube zasendle. Ngesikhathi sokulandela isisulu, unquma indlela ngokuphumelelayo, ewela amabhlokhi eqhwa egatsheni. Ngaphansi kweqhwa aliweli, ngoba linemilenze ebanzi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Umjaho wama-martens uqala kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezingaba ngu-9, futhi amawundlu azalwa entwasahlobo kusuka kubantu abathathu kuya kwabayisihlanu. Kuqala, insikazi isesigodini esinamazimba njalo, ngemuva kwenyanga nengxenye iqala ukondla nenyama, lapho amazinyo obisi esikiwe, ngemuva kwenyanga begibela izihlahla.
Emabheleni, isikhathi sokukhwelana kuyafana, kepha ngokuvamile kuzalwa izingane ezi-2-3. Abesilisa banesibopho esikhulu emndenini futhi abazishiyi izintokazi ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezizukulwane zabo, bavikela insimu futhi bathole ukudla. Ama-sables amancane adla ubisi isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezimbili, kuthi ngemuva kweminyaka emibili aqale imindeni uqobo.
Izinsana ngokuya ngokudala imindeni ibukeka incishisiwe. Kwenzeka ukuthi ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa inzalo, abesilisa balahlekelwa amandla okuzala. Emhlambini, njengama-charzas, nawo awadukanga, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukubizwa ngokuthi i-loners.
Amatshe amatshe anesakhiwo senhlalo afana kakhulu nehlathi. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa bakhiwa ngendlela efanayo, ukudlula kokukhulelwa namawundlu akhuliswa. Ngokwesilinganiso, bahlala endle iminyaka emi-3, banenhlanhla noma bayaphumelela - kuze kube ngu-10. Ekudingisweni, bavame ukuhlala iminyaka eyi-18.
AmaHarses, naphezu kwemisebenzi yawo ehlangene, asheshe ahlukane ngemuva kokuzalela. Unina, inzalo ihlala kuze kufike elandelayo, bese iyishiya. Kepha imvamisa abafowethu nodadewethu banamathela ndawonye, okuwasiza ukuthi aphile ngesimo esinokhahlo. Lapho abantu bezimela ngokwengeziwe, bahlukana.
Izitha zemvelo zomfel 'ukholo
Photo: Marten gxuma
Akukhathalekile ukuthi ama-martens ama-tartant enza izinto ezinhlobonhlobo kangakanani, endle inyamazane ngayinye inomzingeli wayo. Izitha eziyingozi zingama-Hawks nezinkozi zegolide - azikwazi ukulondolozwa ngokumelene nendawo yemvelo, okungukuthi, ezihlahleni. Ebusuku, ngesikhathi sokuzingela, kunengozi enkulu yokuba inyamazane yesikhova. Futhi emhlabathini, izimpungushe, izimpisi nezimpisi zilindile. Kaningi bahlasela ama-martens hhayi ngenxa yokudla, kodwa ngokususa oncintisana naye.
I-Sable ingabamba ibhere, impisi kanye neempungushe. Kepha baphumelela kakhulu kuyaqabukela. Ingozi yangempela ivela kummeleli wabafel 'ukholo - i-harza. Futhi, uma kungenzeka, angahlasela ukhozi noma ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe. Abaqhudelanayo ama-ermines, i-capercaillie, i-hazel grouse, i-grouse emnyama, i-partridge nezinye izinyoni ezidla amajikijolo adla ngo-sable.
Ama-martens amatshe awanayo izitha eziyingozi ikakhulukazi. Kwesinye isikhathi izimpisi, izimpungushe, izingwe noma izimpisi ziziphange, kepha ukuphishekela isilwane esinje futhi esisheshayo kuyinkinga impela. Izinkinga ezengeziwe zingaqhamuka nezinyoni: Izinkozi zegolide, izinkozi, izinyosi kanye nezikhova ezivame kakhulu.
I-Kharza ingumshini wokubulala wangempela ongamelana nabahlaseli, okuvela kubo lapho abanye abamele imbumbulu bengathanda ukubalekela khona. Futhi labo abakwaziyo ukuyibamba abayenzi le nto ngenxa yephunga lenyama elithile, okuyinto emnandi impela. Kepha amabhere amancanyana amhlophe kanye namahlosi ngezinye izikhathi abulala lezi zilwane.
Martens
Ummbila siyisilwane esidla inyama, esibonakala sishesha futhi sinobuqili, okwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululekile ngaphansi kwezimo zenombolo enkulu yezithiyo ezithile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfelokazi ugibela kalula izihlahla ezinde futhi ngobuhlakani uhamba namagatsha awo. Ibhekwa njengesilwane esibalulekile ngenxa yokuba khona koboya obuhle futhi obufudumele, obuhlukaniswa ngombala we-chocolate ophuzi.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Ukwakheka komzimba, kanye nemilenze ephansi, kukhombisa ukuthi inyamazane ihamba ngosizo lokuxhuma okuphathelene nalokhu, okuthinta indlela yokuphila kwesilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba oguquguqukayo futhi oshubile ukhombisa ukuthi lesi silwane sizizwa sithanda umqhele wezihlahla ezahlukahlukene, ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha sigxuma sisuka egatsheni siye kwelinye. Umfelokazi uzizwa ekhululekile impela endaweni ephakeme, ngoba izindwani ezibukhali ziyivumela ukuba ihlale ebusweni abushelelezi.
Iphuzu elibalulekile! Ukhetha ukuhola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, ehamba emqheleni wezihlahla efuna ukudla. Uyamesaba umuntu futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi uzama ukugwema lo mhlangano.
Isidleke se-marten singatholakala endaweni ephakeme okungenani amamitha ayi-10, futhi ngenxa yalokhu singasebenzisa umgodi wesihlahla esidala noma umqhele wesihlahla nje. Lesi silwanyana esinamathele ngokuqinile endaweni yaso futhi sishiya njengezinyathelo sokugcina. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokufuduka kwama-squirrel, lapho ama-martens ebalandela, ashiya izindawo ezakhiwe.
Kunamapheshana abizwa ngokuthi amahlathi lapho ama-martens engaqhamuki khona futhi abizwa ngokuthi “izizathu zokuzingela” lapho umhlaseli echitha khona cishe sonke isikhathi sawo. Ehlobo, “izindawo zokuzingela” zingancipha uma kunokudla okwanele. Ebusika, kunalokho, insimu inwebeka kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla.
Izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo
IMarten nehlathi kuyimiqondo engeke ihlukaniswe, ngoba lesi silwane sithanda ukuhlala emasimini asehlathini. Kungaba yi-spruce, pine noma amahlathi ahlanganisiwe, noma ngabe kunendawo yokuhlala - enyakatho noma eningizimu.
Ngokuziphilisa kwabo, umndeni ukhetha iziza ezinenani elikhulu lezihlahla eziwile, kanye nezihlahla ezinde. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona kwama-glade kanye ne-undergrowth esemncane kubalulekile kakhulu.
IMarten iyatholakala nasezindaweni eziphansi, kanye nasezintabeni, lapho kukhona izimila. Iyatholakala nasezigodini zemifula emikhulu nemincane. Ezinye izinhlobo zithanda ukuhlala phakathi kwamadwala nokubekwa kwamadwala. Njengomthetho, iningi lamalungu alo mndeni ligwema ukuba khona kwabantu. Okuhlukile kumthetho yitshe elakhiwe ngamatshe, elingatholakala eduze kwezindlu zomuntu.
Umzuzu othokozisayo! Kwababulali, kunesici ukuthi usatshalaliswa ezwenikazi lonke le-Euro-Asia, ngokungafani nabanye abamele abanye abomndeni “ababulawa ukholo”.
UTyra
ITyra isondele kuma-martens, kepha ingeyolunye uhlobo lobuhlobo (Eira). Ihluka ngobukhulu obukhulu, ukwakheka komzimba okuncane, imilenze emide. Ukuphila emahlathini aseMelika kusuka eMexico kuya e-Argentina nakwisiqhingi saseTrinidad.
ITyra idla izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezithelo, okuvame ukudala umonakalo omkhulu emasimini ebhanana.
I-American sable
Kuhlala izifunda ezisenyakatho neNyakatho Melika.
Lolu hlobo luyafana ngosayizi waseJapan. Umbala uhluka kusuka kwegolide kuya kwelinsundu. Creamy kuya orange umphimbo ibala.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala kaphayiwe marten
Yonke indawo ehlathini ye-Eurasia inabantu abaningi kakhulu abamele lolu hlobo. AmaMartens ahlala ehlathini ensimini enkulu. Zitholakala ezindaweni ezisukela eGreat Britain futhi ziphela ngeNtshonalanga yeSiberia, iCaucasus kanye neziqhingi zaseMedithera, iCorsica, iSisily, iSardinia, i-Iran kanye ne-Asia Minor.
Isilwane sithanda uhlobo lwamahlathi axubile futhi aqobayo, okuvame ukuba ngama-conifers. Kuyaqabukela, imbumbulu kwesinye isikhathi ihlala phezulu ezintabeni, kodwa kuphela kulezo zindawo lapho kukhona izihlahla.
Isilwane sithanda izindawo ezinezihlahla ezinezimbobo. Endaweni evulekile kungaphuma kuphela ukuzingela. Izindawo ezinamadwala omfela ziyindawo engafanele; uyazigwema.
Akukho ndawo ezinzile enganeni ephuzi. Uthola isiphephelo ezihlahleni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-6, emigodini yama-squirrels, ezidlekeni ezilahliwe, ezindlini ezivulekile nasemifantwini yomoya. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, isilwane siyama ukuphumula kosuku.
Ngokufika kokuhlwa, umhlaseli uqala ukuzingela, futhi ngemuva kokubaphephele kwenye indawo. Kepha ngokuqala kwesithwathwa esinzima, isimo sempilo yakhe singashintsha, umfelazi isikhathi eside uhlala endaweni yokukhosela, edla ukudla okugcinwe ngaphambilini. U-pine marten uzama ukuhlala kude nabantu.
Izithombe zikaMarten baphoqeleka ukuthi bayibuke ngamehlo nemizwa kanye nesifiso esithile esingenakuphikwa sokuthatha isilwane ngezandla bayishaye. Lapho abazingela ngokwengeziwe bethola ubisi obalulekile lwalezi zilwane futhi luncane indawo yehlathi enezimo ezinhle zomfelisi, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe kubo ukuba baphile futhi bazale. UMarten eRussia ngisabheka uhlobo lokuhweba olubalulekile ngenxa yenani loboya balo.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
I-pine marten ithanda ukuhlala nokuzingela izihlahla ukwedlula bonke abanye abamele uhlobo lwayo. Ukhuphuka kalula iziqu zabo. Umsila wakhe uyamsiza ukuthi akwazi ukubhekana nalokhu, usebenza njengemfela, isondo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ipharashute, sibonga kuye ukuthi isilwane sigxumela phansi ngaphandle kwemiphumela.
Iziqongo zezihlahla ze-marten empeleni azesabeki, zihamba kalula ukusuka kwelinye igatsha ziye kwelinye futhi zingagxuma amamitha amane. Emhlabeni, naye uyagxuma. Ubhukuda ngobuchule, kepha akwenzi kuyaqabukela.
Kulesi sithombe, pine marten emgodini
Lesi isilwane esikhohlisayo futhi esisheshayo. Kungasibekela ngokushesha ibanga elide. Umqondo wakhe wephunga, umbono nokuzwa usezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, elisiza kakhulu ekushiseni. Ngokwemvelo yayo, iyisilwane esihlekisayo nesinelukuluku. Phakathi kwabo, ama-martens axhumana nabahlanza kanye nama-gerls, futhi umsindo ofana ne-twitter uvela ezinganeni.
Ukuzalela nokuphila isikhathi se-pine marten
Ehlobo, lezi zilwane ziqala ukushesha. Owesilisa oyedwa owesilisa nowesifazane oyedwa noma ababili. Ebusika, ama-martens avame ukuba nokugijima okungamanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, baziphatha kabi, baba njengempi futhi benyuka, kepha ukukhula kwemvelo akwenzeki.
Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-236-274. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, unakekela indawo yokukhosela futhi ahlala lapho kuze kubonakale izingane. 3-8 amawundlu azalwa. Yize zimbozwe ngoboya obuncane, izingane azimpumputhe futhi azizwa.
Kufanekiswa uphayini omncane omncane
Ukuzwa futhi kusikeka kuphela ngosuku lwe-23, futhi amehlo aqala ukubona ngosuku lwe-28. Owesifazane angazishiya izingane isikhathi sokuzingela. Uma kwenzeka ingozi engaba khona, ubayisa endaweni ephephile.
Ezinyangeni ezine ubudala, izilwane sezingahlala zodwa, kepha isikhathi esithile zihlala nonina. Imbongi ihlala iminyaka eyi-10, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, isikhathi sayo sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-15.
Habitat
Indawo yokusabalalisa ibanzi kakhulu. UMarten uyaphila cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba wamahlathi nezintaba zihlangana nezimila eziminyene, lapho kunesimo sezulu esibandayo noma esibandayo. Imvelo oyithandayo iyindawo ebanzi yokunquma, enobumbano noma ehlanganisiwe enezihlahla zaphakade kanye nemiphetho elahliwe. Izilwane zixazululwa ngokwezimpawu zazo:
- uphayini marten uthanda upayini, amahlathi ahlanganayo futhi axubile eYurophu kanye nengxenye esenyakatho ye-Asia, ukhethe izizumbulu ezivela eNtshonalanga Siberia ziya eziqhingini zeBaltic, ihlala naseCaucasus naseningizimu yeMedithera.
- I-marten yamatshe itholakala ezindaweni ezinamadwala cishe kuyo yonke i-Eurasia, ukusuka eHimalaya kuya e-Iberian peninsula, yabuye yahlalwa ngokungemthetho esifundazweni saseWisccontin (USA),
- I-Kharza ihlala ezifundeni zase-Ussuri nase-Amur eRussia, engasempumalanga naseningizimu yeChina, izintaba zaseHimalayan kanye nasempumalanga ye-Asia,
- U-American pine marten uhlala eNyakatho Melika, unamahlathi amaningi kusuka eNew Mexico kuya enyakatho ye-Alaska,
- U-Nilgir marten uhlala emagqumeni aseNilgiriya, ezintabeni zaseGhats esentshonalanga - lolu hlobo kuphela olutholakala eningizimu yeNdiya,
- i-ilka ihlala empumalanga, entshonalanga, kanye nasenkabeni yeNyakatho Melika, kubandakanya nasezintabeni zaseCalifornia emingceleni yeWest Virginia.
I-sable yaseJapan iyinhlobo engandile yohlobo lwe-marten genus, futhi ihlala ngamanani amancane eziqhingini zaseJapan (Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu), kanye naseNyakatho naseNingizimu Korea.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ekuthunjweni, umfel 'ukholo uthatha izimpande ngokungabekezeleli nangezindlela ezihlukile - kungaba yekhaya, noma inolaka. Ngomphumela omuhle, uyakwazi ukusinda aze afike eminyakeni eyi-15 noma ngaphezulu. Emvelweni wemvelo, umhlaseli obalulekile angaphila iminyaka eyi-11-16, kepha empeleni akuvamile ukufinyelela kuleyo minyaka. Isilwane sisengozini yamagciwane kanye nezifo eziholela ekufeni kwayo.
Futhi endle, ezinye izinhlobo zezakhamizi zasehlathini ziyabona ku-marten kanye nomuntu oncintisana naye, kanye nesidlo sasemini esikhona. Izitha zalo ezisebenza kakhulu yi-fox, i-lynx kanye ne-wolf, kanye nezinyoni ezinyantisayo - isikhova sokhozi, ukhozi lwegolide ne-hawk.
Kepha imbangela eyinhloko yokuqothulwa kwesilwane ngumuntu. UMarten fur bekulokhu kubiza kakhulu. Ngisho nasezinhlotsheni ezisabalele, njengetshe lamatshe noma i-yellowfish, akukaze kube eshibhile.
UMarten Hunt
Umfela isilwane esibalulekile sokuthengisa. Isikhathi sokuzingela siqala ngoNovemba futhi siqhubeka kuze kube uMashi, kuyilapho uboya besilwane bukhulu futhi buthambile. Entwasahlobo, isikhumba siyancipha futhi siguqe, bese kuthi lesi sidlakudla sibhujiswe kuphela njengenambuzane (imvamisa itshe, okucasulayo abalimi). Ngokuvamile ama-martens abanjwa yizicupho kanye nezindiza.
I-Nilgir Harza neJapan Sable zivikelwe ngumthetho. UMarten Hunt Noma yimuphi walaba bameleli abahlukile bohlobo lweKunih kwenqatshelwe. Abanye abahlukumezayo bavunyelwe ukuzingela uma kukhona ilayisense yesikhathi esisodwa, izindleko zazo ngokuya ngohlobo lwesilwane. Lapho ebamba umfanyana ngaphandle kwalombhalo, ukuzingela kubhekwa njengokuzingela futhi kushushiswa ngumthetho.