Lapho ukhetha isilwane, abantu bavame ukuma eduze kwamaseli nge amagciwane. Lezi izinduku zinomlingiswa omangalisayo. Bahlanzekile, bathambisa kalula, bangaqeqeshwa futhi babukeke bebahle kakhulu.
Ilukuluku labo nobungane babo kuyokujabulisa nsuku zonke. Ngokubheka nje isithombe se-gerbil, konke ukungabaza ngesinqumo sokumthola njengesilwane kuyanyamalala.
Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zalezi zigundane. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi munye kuphela wabo owebelwelwe ukuthanjiswa. it I-gerbil yaseMongolia.
Emvelweni wemvelo, la magundane ahlala emindenini. Ngakho-ke, uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthola le ngane ekhaya, udinga ukuthatha abantu abambalwa. Ukuba wedwa kungayiphazamisa impilo yakhe.
Usayizi amagundane gerbil kwenzeka kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-20 cm.Kukala kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-200 gr. Isici esiyinhloko sokuhlukanisa umsila. Imbozwe nge-fluff kulo lonke ubude, futhi isipikili sihlotshiswe ngebhulashi. Umbala wejazi loboya isihlabathi.
Esithombeni kukhona i-gerbil enkulu
Kepha sibonga ukuzalanisa okukhethiwe igciwane namuhla inemibala eminingi ehlukene. Emvelweni yemvelo, uvolo waleli gundane uvame ukuba nsundu ngombala, osiza ukuthi uhlangane nesizinda esiseduze.
Inani elijwayelekile lamazinyo ku-gerbil yi-16. Yize izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalawa maqhubu zinamasu ahlukene ezinyo. Ngakho-ke amanye amazinyo anezimpande, kanti ezinye azinazimpande.
Imvelo yanakekela ukuvikela lezi zidalwa ezincane. Vele, ngeke bakwazi ukumela izilwane ezinamandla, kepha bayakwazi ukulindela umhlangano wabo.
Kulokhu bazosiza umbono obukhali, ukuzwa okubucayi, ukusabela okusheshayo nesivinini. Ngenxa yemilenze yangemuva yangemuva, la "pussies" ayakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha okukhulu.
Lesi silwane sihlala ogwadule nasezindaweni eziwugwadule. Ingatholakala e-Afrika, e-Asia Ephakathi, eNdiya, e-Iran, eMongolia nasezingxenyeni ezithile ze-China. Ububanzi bokuphila kwa-gerbil buhlanganisa neziqhingi ezithile zaseMedithera kuze kufike eTransbaikalia uqobo.
I-gerbil ithanda izindawo zayo ngobumba, ubumba kanye nenhlabathi enesihlabathi, engenayo imifino. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke salokhu ngamagundane eTurkmenistan, cishe izinkulungwane zezimbumbulu zawo zingatholakala ehektheleni elilodwa.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Izindlu zalezi zidondolo zakhiwe ngendlela yama-minks, noma kunalokho uhlelo olunezinyathelo eziningi. Ukujula kwe-mink eyodwa kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-3. AmaGerbils ahlala emakoloni, ngakho izizukulwane eziningana zilandelana zingabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwendlu ye-mink. Umphumela wokwakhiwa okunjalo kungaba yindlela ebabazekayo yokuhamba ngobude obungama-300 m.
Manje ake sixoxe ngezindlu ze i-gerbil yasekhaya. Izilwane ezifuywayo ezinjalo azizona ezimnandi ekunakekelweni nasezimweni zokuphila. Kungcono ukukhetha indlu encane yezilwane evulekile nge-floor of hay notshani. Ukuqina kwalesi ungqimba kufanele kube ngu-15-20 cm, ukuze igundane libe nethuba lokumba.
Okubonakalisiwe kuyigciwane laseMongolia
Izindonga zinamandla amakhulu. Noma nge okuqukethwe kwe-gerbil ekudingisweni, babenakho ukuthambekela kokudonsa hay, utshani nokudla kube yizinqwaba. Ngakho-ke, uma ikheji selakhiwe, likhethe ngepallet ephezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho konke ukufakwa phansi komhlaba kuzohlakazeka ngasendlini. Kuyinto engathandeki ukukhetha indawo yokuhlala yesilwane emafulethini ambalwa, uma ewa, angalimala.
Izilwane ezifuywayo ezinjalo zihola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo. Ukuze ubathokozise, futhi uthole ukusetshenziswa kwamandla abo, kufanelekile ukubeka isondo eligijimayo. Khetha isondo ngaphandle kwezintambo, ngoba umsila we-gerbil ungawa phakathi kwabo ngenkathi ugijima.
Amasondo anjalo abhekwa njengodabukisayo amagundane. Kungcono ukumisa okukhethile kumasondo epulasitiki noma ensimbi aneshayo esikhundleni semigwaqo enqamula phansi. Okunye okutholayo okuzojabulisa isilwane sakho kungaba yibhola lokuhamba.
Kukuye izindlu ze-gerbil ukwazi ukuzungeza izithiyo. Ngesikhathi sokufika emsebenzini okunjalo, umzimba wonke "ohlukunyezwayo omncane" usenkingeni, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokungena komoya akumele sidlule imizuzu engama-20. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izimbotshana, izitebhisi zokhuni noma imigudu zikhona ekhokhoji. Bazokwenza ukuhlala esitokisini kujabulise futhi kucebise ngokwengeziwe.
IGerbils ayithandi ukucasha emakhoneni. Bahlala bebona futhi bahlangana kalula nomuntu: beza ocingweni futhi bathathe ukudla ezandleni zabo ngaphandle kokwesaba.
Lapho ubamba noma udlulisa lezi zingane, udinga ukuzithatha ngomsila, ukhuphula kancane umkhono wolunye uhlangothi ukuze ungene esikhundleni sazo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungathathi maphakathi noma isipikili somsila ngalezi zenzo amagundane gerbil.
Umsoco
Ukudla kwamagciwane amagundane kufaka phakathi: isinkwa, izinsalela, utshani notshani obuluhlaza. Ezinhlotsheni zezihlahla zithanda u-willow, popula kanye linden. Uma sikhuluma ngokudla okusanhlamvu, khona-ke ubumnandi obuyintandokazi imbewu yembewu yokusanhlamvu imile noma ifakwe emanzini. Ngeke benqabe ama-beet, izaqathe, amajikijolo kanye nojongilanga.
Imenyu ye-gerbil ekhaya ingahluka nge-cottage shizi, iqanda elibilisiwe, izibungu zikafulawa, izinambuzane zesikhonyane. Izilwane ezincane zikulungele ukuzama izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla, noma amasoseji. Ungakhohlwa ngokudla okunamaminerali. Ekhaya, kungaba chaki, ama-egghell noma i-glycerophosphate.
Izimo zokuphila esezikhulisile zifundisa ama-gerbils ukuthi aneliswe okuncane. Abadingi manzi. Impilo yale gundane, umswakama owanele utholakala ezitshalweni nezithelo. Endaweni evamile, ama-gerbils adla otshanini obungenakutholakala. Njengawo wonke amagundane, aqoqa ukudla ebusika.
Ameva bekamela, amahlumela ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene zasogwadule ahlangana “emahloleni” awo. Uma ukudla kunqabile, amagciwane athuthela kwezinye izindawo. Lapho befuna ukudla, bahlala ezindaweni ezintsha noma bavumelanise imigibe yabanye abantu ukuze baziphilise.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Ku-genera ekhona eyi-16, kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-110. Zingezamagundane futhi zakha igatsha elivamile elinamagundane anemisila emide. Zingahlukaniswa ngokuziphatha kwezinye izinhlobo ezinjengegundane zisebenzisa izinto eziningi ezithathwe. Ucwaningo lweMolekyuli lofuzo lwezinhlobo eziningana ze-mitochondrial ne-DNA yenuzi luqinisekisa ukuzimela kwabo kokuvela futhi lukhombisa ukuthi banobudlelwano obusondelene kakhulu nabangama-murine futhi bayiqembu lodade lamaDeomiins.
Ividiyo: Gerbil
Ekuhlukaniselweni kwangaphambilini, amagciwane ama-Old World germs ayevame ukuhlukaniswa njengezihlobo eziseduze kakhulu zeKhomyachkov noma amagundane aseMadagascar nezinye ezifana negundane lase-Afrika. Ukuxhumana okusondelene nalokho okwakudala ngegundane, okunohlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi lezinyo lomoloni, kuye kwaba yingoba lokufana okukhulu kwephethini lomqhele we-molar ngaphakathi nakuma gerbils. Kodwa-ke, amafosili amaningi asendulo omchamo anezicubu ezengeziwe zamazinyo omhlathi ongezansi, ekuqaleni ayengaziwa kuma-gerbils.
Amagciwane anamuhla anamehlo amakhulu futhi anamehlo amahle. Basebenzisa amasignali wokukhala, amakhemikhali nawokuthambekela ekuboneni kwemvelo. Izindandatho zibuye zishintshana ngamakhemikhali nomunye, zisebenzisa ama-pheromones ukukhombisa isimo sokuzala nezenhlalo. Abesilisa bakwaGerbils babika ubunikazi bendawo, behogela insimu yezindlala zabo ezinkulu ze-ventral sebaceous. IGerbils ayihlali isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga ezintathu noma ezine endle. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ekudingisweni, abanye abantu bakwazile ukuphila iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili.
Ukuzala kabusha nokuphila isikhathi eside kwegciwane
Isikhathi sokuzalela i-gerbil sinde impela. Kuqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo bese kuphela ekwindla sekwephuzile. Owesifazane oyedwa uletha amalitha angama-5 ngesizini. Ngamunye wabo uqukethe izingane ezingama-4-5. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-23.
Esithombeni, igciwane elincanyana
Amehlo nezindlebe zamagundane zivula emavikini amabili emva kokuzalwa kwazo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-12, bazokwazi ukudla ngokwabo. Ama-Gerbil cubs ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2. Lonke leli koloni linakekela inzalo ndawonye, ngisho nabesilisa.
Ukuziphatha kwama-gerbils aseMongolia ngesikhathi sokuzalela kuyathakazelisa impela. Bakha amakoloni, anezinsikazi ezi-1, izinsikazi ezi-1-3 nezinzalo zazo ezingakazalwa. Le mihlambi igada insimu yayo.
Kwesinye isikhathi izimpi zokubukisa zihleleka phakathi kwabamele le nhlobo. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi akufanele ugcine esitokisini esifanayo ngaphezu kwabameli abangu-2 bobulili obuhlukile.
Emvelweni, ama-gerbils awahlali isikhathi eside, izinyanga ezi-3-4 kuphela. Ekhaya, gerbil ungaphila iminyaka emi-3-4. Ukuphila kwesilwane sakho esifuywayo kuncike ekunakekeleni.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-gerbil
Ama-Gerbils ngamagundwane asayizi amancane naphakathi. Ubude bawo busuka ku-50 kuye kuma-200 mm, kanye nemisila kusuka ku-56 kuye ku-245 mm. Isisindo somuntu ngamunye sisukela ku-10 kuye kuma-227 amagremu. Ngisho naphakathi kwezinhlobo ezifanayo, abesilisa bangaba nzima kakhulu kunabesifazane kubantu besibalo esisodwa futhi bangaba ngosayizi olufanayo kwesinye isibalo. Lezi, njengomthetho, izilwane ezithambile ezinamakhaladi amade. Bangaba nezindlebe ezinde noma ezimfishane. Ama-gerbils amaningi anezinwele ezinde ngoboya obuhle nemilenze yangemuva emincane emincane.
Umbala woboya uyahlukahluka ngaphezu kwemibala ehlukahlukene futhi ungaba bomvu, mpunga, ophuzi, ubumba, umnqumo, nsundu onsundu, o-orange-nsundu, isihlabathi-siphuzi noma isinamoni epinki emhlabeni. Umzimba ophansi uvame ukuba nezithunzi ezilula ezimpunga, ukhilimu noma omhlophe. Ezinye izinhlobo zinamabala amhlophe ekhanda, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwezindlebe.
Kuma-gerbils, ifomula yamazinyo ingu-1/1, 0/0, 0/3, 16, ngaphandle kohlobo lwe-Desmodilliscus, olunama-molars amabili aphansi kuphela ohlangothini ngalunye. Izendlalelo ze-koqweqwe lwawo kwizisekelo zincane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amagundane. IGerbils inama-vertebrae ayi-12 thoracic ne-lumbar ayisikhombisa. Abesifazane banezimbambo ezintathu noma ezine zezindlala ezincelisayo. Isisu sinegumbi elilodwa kuphela. IGerbils ihlotshaniswa namagundane namagundane futhi angabomndeni wakwaMuridae.
Ihlala kuphi i-gerbil?
Isithombe: Gerbil eRussia
IGerbils ngamagundane omhlaba omdala. Zisatshalaliswa kulo lonke elase-Afrika naseMiddle East, ngokusebenzisa i-Asia Ephakathi, kufaka phakathi iningi leNdiya, neChina (ngaphandle kwezindawo eziseningizimu nezasempumalanga) naseMongolia eseMpumalanga. Uhla lwazo lusukela eziqhingini eziningana ezingxenyeni esempumalanga yoLwandle iMedithera kanye neCiscaucasia yasenyakatho-mpumalanga kuya eTransbaikalia naseKazakhstan.
Ibanga lama-gerbils ligxiliwe ezifundeni ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- kuma-savannahs ase-Afrika, kanye naseNamiba naseKalahari, lapho amazinga okushisa ebusika evame ukwehla ngaphansi kwe-zero,
- ogwadule olushisayo kanye nogwadule lwase-Afrika kanye naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, kanye naseMpondweni owomile wase-Afrika,
- ogwadule, ogwadule olungamaphethelo namaphethelo we-Asia, lapho amazinga okushisa ebusika nawo ehla kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-zero.
Izinhlobo zokuzalwa ezihlukile kwesinye sezingxenye ezintathu. Iningi lamagciwane lihlala ezindaweni ezomile, ezivulekile ezinotshani obunwebekile, kufaka phakathi ugwadule, amathafa anesihlabathi, amagquma, amadlelo, ama-strpes kanye nama-savannah. Ezinye izinhlobo nazo zihlala emahlathini omanzi, amasimu ezolimo kanye nezigodi zezintaba.
Amanzi ngokuvamile akhishwa ngesikhumba, ukuphefumula, umchamo nezindunduma. Iningi lamagciwane lihlala ezifundeni ezomile futhi ezinezimo zezulu ezinzima futhi zinomzimba omkhulu omkhulu ngokufanele maqondana nevolumu. Bakhe izindawo ezivumelanisiwe zokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi futhi ngaleyo ndlela banciphise izidingo zamanzi. Azijiki, ngakho-ke azikwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa angaphezu kwama-45 ° C isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora amabili.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona i-gerbil. Asibone ukuthi kudlani.
Ngabe idlani i-gerbil?
Photo: Igundane gerbil
Ama-Gerbils adla kakhulu ngezinto zezitshalo ezinjengembewu, izithelo, amaqabunga, iziqu, izimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Izinhlobo zasebusuku zangempela zamagciwane angokoqobo zifuna imbewu ethwalwa ngumoya ogwadule. I-gerbil yaseNdiya ukuphela kwezinhlobo ezidinga ukudla okusha unyaka wonke, ngakho-ke ihlala eduze kwamasimu aniselwa. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo eziningi zithatha lokho ezingakuthola, futhi zidle izinambuzane, iminenke, okuphindayo ngisho nezinye izinduku. Ikakhulu, izilwane ezisogwadule olomile kakhulu lwaseningizimu ye-Afrika ikakhulukazi zibamba izinambuzane, kanti iWagner gerbil (G. dasyurus) yakha izintaba zamagobolondo angenalutho.
Ukudla okuthandwayo kwama-gerbils kufaka:
Ukudla kuvame ukudliwa ngokushesha njengendlela yokuqapha. Izinhlobo ezisezindaweni ezinamakhaza ebusika zigcina izindawo ezinkulu ngesikhathi sokwakha, ziyifaka ku-1 metres. Inani elikhulu lokudla kwezitshalo ligcinwa emiseleni yabo - kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufike ku-60 kg. Ama-Gerbils angabathengi abasaqala nabesekondari, kanye nokudla kwabathengi abaningana bezinga eliphakeme. Bahlobisa izitshalo ezithile futhi mhlawumbe badlala indima ekusakazweni kwembewu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: IsiMongolia gerbil
IGerbils izakhamuzi ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukugxuma zifinyelele kumamitha ayi-3,5. Ezinye izinhlobo zigijimela kuphela emilenzeni emine. Labo abahlala ezindaweni ezinamadwala bavame ukukhwela abagibeli. Esikhathini esiningi, ama-gerbils ayimicibisholo yosuku, kepha ezinye izinhlobo ziholela ekuhambeni kobusuku, kusihlwa, noma indlela yokuphila yewashi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-Gerbils akha izimbobo ezinendawo eyodwa yokungena kanye negumbi lokudlela, noma amanethiwekhi ayinkimbinkimbi emihubhe enamasango amaningi angena kanye namakhamera we-nesting, ukugcina ukudla nokudonsa. AmaGerbils athatha ubhavu wokugcwala ukuze agcine ijazi lawo elilingene kahle.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane ziyizilwane ezihlala zodwa, ezinolaka futhi zizungeza izwe, ngayinye yazo ehlala emgodini wayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zinokuphisana kakhulu futhi zakha amakoloni amakhulu, futhi abantu abaningi bahlala kumanethiwekhi emhubheni amashumi amamitha ubude namamitha amabili noma amathathu ngokujulile. Futhi abanye bahlala emaqenjini amancane emindeni, futhi iqembu ngalinye lomndeni livikela insimu yalo. Phakathi kwamanye amagciwane kukhona ukuxhumana okuningi ngenkathi kusesidlekeni. Amawundlu ayanakekelana, axoselana futhi adlale futhi alwe lapho esukela ezinsukwini eziyi-18 kuye kwezingama-35.
AmaGerbils ikakhulukazi ahlala endaweni eyodwa, yize abantu abasha bedlula esikhathini sokuma empilweni yabo kuze kube yilapho sebethola uhla lwaphakade lwekhaya, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ziyafuduka ngesikhathi sesomiso. Abazifihli ubusika, kepha kwezinye izindawo bathola ukubanda isikhathi eside ebusika futhi bahlala emiseleni yabo, bedla ukudla okugcinwe izinyanga eziningi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Izimbotshana
Ngenkathi yokuzalela emgudwini wokuzala wabantu besifazane, kwakheka ama-plugative agxila aphazamisa ukukhula kokubeletha okulandelayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zamagciwane azalela unyaka wonke, kanti ezinye ngesizini. Izinsikazi zezinhlobo eziningi ziyakwazi ukuletha amalitha amaningi ngonyaka. Abanye futhi bahlangabezana nokuvela kwangaphambi kokubeletha kanye nokubambezeleka kokubambezeleka, ngakho-ke udoti omusha uqala ukuthuthuka ngokushesha nje lapho kolunyulwa kuqala. Izikhathi zokukhulelwa, uma insikazi ingancelisi ibele, ihlala amasonto amathathu kuya amane.
Amasayizi osayizi asukela ku-1 kuye ku-13, yize amalitha kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-7 ejwayelekile kakhulu. Amagciwane amancane azalwa enqunu futhi eyimpumputhe ngokuphelele. Uboya buqala ukukhula phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-8 nezingu-13 ngemuva kokuzalwa, futhi zimbozwe ngokuphelele ngoboya ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-13-16. Amehlo avuleka cishe amasonto amabili noma amathathu ngemuva kokuzalwa. Intsha ingahamba futhi igxume ngokushesha emavikini amathathu. Eminyakeni yenyanga eyodwa, amathole alunyulwa futhi azimele. Finyelela ukuvuthwa emavikini ayi-10-16.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Omama banakekela izingane zabo ngokukhonkotha izitho zazo zangasemuva ezizweni ezisanda kuzalwa ukuze zibashukumise ukuba bakhiqize umchamo nezindunduma, zona ezibe sezizidla.
Amagciwane abesifazane anakekela amazinyane awo aze abe lapho esenezinsuku ezingama-30. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ama-gerbils angumama kaningi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemuva kokubeletha adlulisela amathole awo ezidlekeni ezintsha, futhi futhi aguqula izimbobo phakathi kwamalitha.Lapho beshiya amawundlu esidlekeni ukuphuma kokudla, kwesinye isikhathi amboza izingane zawo ngotshani nesihlabathi bese evimba ukungena esidlekeni. Izinsikazi ziphethe amazinyane azo, zishaye imilomo.
Lapho nje abantu abasha beqala ukuhamba kakhulu, omama bababamba ngemisila yabo futhi bayikhange kubo, bese beyibuyisela esidlekeni. Bayeka ukuthatha izingane zabo lapho beneminyaka eyi-17 kuye kwengama-23 ubudala. Amagciwane omama banakekela amalitha abo, aze afike empilweni ezimele. Abesilisa kwezinye izinhlobo banakekela udoti ngendlela efanayo nowesifazane.
Izitha zemvelo zamagciwane
IGerbils ayinazo izilwane ezidla ezinye endaweni yazo yemvelo. Zizingelwa ikakhulukazi ngezinyoka ezahlukahlukene, izikhova kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, zonke izinyamazane ezidlula lezo ngosayizi. Ukwesabisa umhlaseli ukuthi angangeni emigodini yabo, amanye amagciwane abamba iminyango ngesihlabathi. Ezinye zifaka ukuhamba okubuyela emuva ezinhlelweni zazo, lapho zingacasha khona uma zihlaselwa ngaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-gerbils anoboya obunemibala engathathi hlangothi, osebenza njengokufihla futhi awasize ekuhlanganiseni ngesizinda sesihlabathi noma esinamadwala.
Izisulu ezidumile ze-gerbil yilezi:
Kuma gerbils, izinhlobo eziningana zezimbaza ziyahluma, ezifana:
- xenopsylla cumulus,
- xenopsylla bililis,
- xenopsyllaGHilis.
Amanye amagciwane abhekwa njengezinambuzane endaweni yawo yemvelo ngoba abhubhisa izilimo, alimaze amatshe kanye nezinhlelo zokunisela ngokumba nokusabalalisa inhlupho ye-bubonic. Ngakho-ke, babhujiswa ngabantu endaweni yabo yemvelo. Kukhona nokukhathazeka ukuthi ama-gerbils asekhaya angahle abaleke futhi adale abantu basendle abazokhipha izinduku zendawo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Lapho lihlasela i-gerbil, iyakwazi ukulahla umsila wayo njenge-lizard, kepha leli pipi alikhulisi umsila omusha, njengamazilozi.
Ama-Gerbils, ikakhulukazi ama-clawed clawed, ayizilwane ezihlanzekile kakhulu okulula ukuzinakekela futhi ezizalela kalula ekudingisweni. Ngalezi zizathu, lamagundane asetshenziswa ezindaweni zokucwaninga eziningi zezifundo zezokwelapha, zomzimba nezengqondo. Ziyizilwane ezifuywayo ezithandwayo.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-gerbil
Ngenxa yendlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba, kunzima ukunquma inani eliqondile lale punga. Izinhlobo eziningana zamagciwane zisengozini ngenxa yokungenela komuntu endaweni yazo yokuhlala. Iningi lezilwane lihlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ezinye zithathwa njengezinambuzane ngoba zonakalisa izilimo zezolimo, ngaphezu kwalokho imbangela yomsebenzi wazo kungukulimazeka kwengqalasizinda yezolimo. Ngakho-ke, abalimi balwa nokufaka ubuthi begesi noma balima izinhlelo zabo zokwakha.
Njengamaphiko amaningi, amagciwane asakaza izifo ezinjengesifo futhi angabathwali be-leishmaniasis abayingozi. Amanani aphakeme kakhulu wokutheleleka nge-leishmaniasis abonwa ekwindla. IGerbils, okwatholakala ukuthi itheleleke nge-L. enkulu kuphela, yayingama-5.8%, kanye neLeishmania turanica - 23.1%. Ukutheleleka kwemvelo okuhlanganisiwe kwaqapheleka ngamagundane ne-L. enkulu ne-L. turanica (21.2%). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inyama ebabayo eyenziwe nge-gerbil ibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi kwezinye izindawo. Izinhlobo eziningi zisetshenziswa ngabantu njengezilwane ezivivinyayo ezindaweni zokucwaninga, kanti ezinye ziye zaba yizilwane ezifuywayo eziyintandokazi ngaphandle kwempilo obekungabonakala zibuhlungu.
Izizathu zokuthandwa kwama-gerbils njengoba ezifuywayo zifaka:
- izilwane azinalo ulaka
- akuvamile ukuluma ngaphandle kokucasulwa noma ukucindezelwa
- mincane futhi kulula ukuyiphatha,
- izidalwa ezithandekayo ezithanda ukuhlangana nabantu namanye amagciwane.
UGerbils waguqula izinso zabo ukuthi zikhiqize imfucumfucu encane ukuze kulondolozwe uketshezi lomzimba, olubenza bahlanzeke kakhulu futhi bacishe babe yiphunga. E-Russia, amalunga amaningana we-genus gerbils amancane ahlala endle, kufaka phakathi i-gerbil yasemini (M. meridianus). Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziyi-110 zama-gerbils ezenziwa ku-14 genera.
Ukulondolozwa kukaGerbil
Photo: Gerbil kusukela Red Book
Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezingama-35 zamagciwane zifakwa kwiNcwadi Ebomvu njengezinhlobo ezisongelwayo. Kukhona inhlobo eyodwa (Meriones chengi) esesimweni esibucayi futhi isongelwa ngokuqothulwa okuphelele. Futhi izinhlobo ezine ezisengozini ezisengozini zisemvelo (M. arimalius, M. dahli, M. sacramenti, M. zarudnyi).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezimbili ezisengozini (i-pygmy gerbils hesperinus ne-andersoni allenbyi), uhlobo olulodwa olusondelene nezinhlobo ezisengozini (i-pygmy gerbil hoogstraali), uhlobo olulodwa lusezingeni lobungozi eliphansi (i-pygmy gerbils poecilops), nezinhlobo ezingama-26 ezingenalo idatha. Ucwaningo lwesayensi luyadingeka ukuthola isimo sezinhlobo zakudala okwaziwayo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Isibalo esiqondile sezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo namanje asikaziwa kahle. Umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kokuzalwa kwengane uvame ukuba nomugqa omuhle kakhulu futhi uvele ngombala wejazi kanye nozipho, ubude bomsila noma ukungabikho noma ubukhona bebrashi yomsila. Ngisho nokuthi uhlobo lwenhlobo luhlobo kwesinye isikhathi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kocwaningo lwe-chromosomal, protein, noma ucwaningo lwama-molecule.
Ama-Gerbils ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene athengiswa yonke indawo ezitolo zezilwane namuhla, okuwumphumela weminyaka eminingi yokuzalanisa okukhethiwe. Imibala engaphezu kuka-20 eyehlukene yoboya ise-gerbil yaseMongolia, eyayikhuliswe ekudingisweni isikhathi eside kunezinye izinhlobo. Muva nje, kungeniswe olunye uhlobo lwe-gerbil ekuhwebeni kwezilwane ezifuywayo: i-gerbil enomsila obukhulu.
Lincane kunama-gerbils aseMongolia, futhi linezinwele ezinde ezithambile nomsila omfishane omfishane, ofana ne-hamster. Amabala amhlophe eduze kwezindlebe awatholakalanga kuphela kwi-gerbil yaseMongolia, kodwa nakwi-gerbil ephaphathekile. Ukuvela kwezinwele ezinde nezinwele ezimhlophe nakho kwavela ezinhlotsheni - ezase-Afrika igciwaneelihlala emisileni emhlophe emhlophe.
Izici Nezincazelo
Umqondo wokuqothula amagciwane avela ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule. Kwacaca - leli ringi livumelana kalula nendlu. Lokhu kuhehe ikakhulukazi abathandi balolu hlobo lwezilwane, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho bakwazi ukukhipha amagundane eminye imibala ngaphandle kwesihlabathi semvelo.
Manje usungathola amagundane ngimpunga, obomvu okhanyayo, omhlophe nomnyama. Leli qiniso liya ngokuya liheha abantu.
Njengoba kungekho nzima ukuqagela, isilwane siyayithanda i-steppe ne -hlane zone. Ngakho-ke, ukuphendula umbuzo othi "Ahlala kuphi amagciwane," umuntu angaphendula ngokuqiniseka - ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo, cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Incazelo ejwayelekile
Amagundane amancane abukeka njengamagundane. Ubude bomzimba busuka ku-5 kuye ku-20 cm, umsila usuka ku-5.6 kuya ku-24 cm. Isisindo sisuka ku-10 kuye ku-227 g .U-dimorphism ngokwezocansi uvezwa ngendlela ehlukile ngisho nasekufeni okungafani kwezinhlobo ezifanayo. Umsila (uvama ukuwa lapho uhlaselwa umhlaseli, kepha ungakhuli emuva) mude, uvame ukuphaphama kahle, ngezinwele eziphakeme ekugcineni ezingakha ibhulashi. Isibalo sikhombe noma simfushane. Amehlo makhulu, ama-convex, ama-auricles abonakala kahle. Umbala womzimba ongenhla uthambile, ucacile, u-ocher-sand noma onsundu, phansi kukhanya. Kungahle kube nezindawo ezikhanyayo ekhanda, ngemuva kwezindlebe naseduze kwamehlo. Amazinyo ezinhlobo eziningi 16. Amazinyo amaMolar ngokuvamile anezimpande, kaningi ngaphandle kwezimpande, ezikhula njalo. Abesifazane banezimbambo ezi-3-4 zezingono. Inani lama-chromosome kusethi yediploid liyahlukahluka lisuka ku-18 liya ku-74.
UGerbils uvele ezindaweni ezinomhlaba owomile nome womile we-Old World, ngakho-ke abonakala ngohlelo “lokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi” - izinhlaka ezikhulayo zombono nokuzwa. Imilenze yangemuva iyaphakama ngenxa yezindawo ezikude, ezinquma ukuthambekela kwamagciwane ukuba ahambele emilenzeni yawo yangasemva, kepha ukuhlolwa kwawo akufinyeleli ebangeni elijwayelekile kumajezi.
Njengamanje, abaningi baqala lezi zilwane ekhaya, njengoba zivuthwa kahle.
Qaphela!
Kanye nomsila, usayizi we-gerbil ufinyelela amasentimitha angama-30 ukuya kwengama-40. Kuhle ukuqaphela umsila woboya, okungeyona yonke inhlobo yamagundane anayo.
Indlela yokuphila
Sisatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziwugwadule, ezisogwadule nasogwadule lwase-Afrika nase-Asia, kusuka enyakatho-mpumalanga yeCiscaucasia kanye nezinye iziqhingi ezingxenyeni eseningizimu nasempumalanga yoLwandle iMedithera ukuya eKazakhstan naseTransbaikalia. Uhla luhlanganisa iNyakatho Afrika, i-Near East ne-Asia Minor, i-India, iMongolia ne China (ngaphandle kwezifunda eziseningizimu nezasempumalanga)
Bahola indlela yokuphila ejwayelekile, bathambekele ekwakhekeni kwamakoloni. Indlela yokuphila isemhlabeni, ezinye izinhlobo ziyakwazi ukugxuma emilenzeni yazo yangasemva kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-3,5. Amagciwane amaningi ayizilwane zasemini. Ngokuvamile i-herbivorous, isuthisa ezinhlamvwini nasezingxenyeni zomhlaba zezitshalo, yenza izinqolobane zokuphakela ngemiseleni (kufika ku-60 kg). Izitshalo ezilimazayo eziqinisa izihlabathi. Umsebenzi wenziwa unyaka wonke, ebusika uyancishiswa. Abaweli emgibeni, kepha uma kubanda kwesinye isikhathi bawela kwesinye isikhathi.
Phakathi nonyaka, amagciwane abesimame aletha ilitha elilodwa kuya kwayi-13 (isilinganiso esingu-4-7). Izinhlobo eziningi zibonakaliswa yi-estrus yangemva kokubeletha kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula kombungu, ngenkathi i-lactation iqhubeka kowesifazane. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha amasonto angama-3-4. Kukhona ama-blind angama-6,6 angaboni, kudoti. Eminyakeni engu-30 yobudala, bazimele futhi bafinyelele ebusheni ngamaviki ayi-10-16 empilo. Isikhathi sokuphila endalweni kwesinye isikhathi sihlala iminyaka emi-3-4 kuphela.
Izinhlobo
Njengamanje, ososayensi sebebale cishe izinhlobo eziyikhulu zalesi silo. Zonke zihlukile ngosayizi nomthunzi woboya. Ummeleli omncane kunabo bonke yi-Balochistan, ubukhulu bayo abudluli amasentimitha ayisikhombisa. Ungahlangana naye ezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-Eurasia.
I-Cheesman gerbil inamehlo amakhulu amangalisayo. Zibonakala kakhulu ekhanda elincanyana le-rodent. Abantu abaningi bakhangwa igundane lasePheresiya, elinobukhulu obukhulu futhi ibhulashi emsileni.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukubiza i-gerbil yaseMongolia, njengoba kuvame kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwasekhaya. Inobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele - ubude bamasentimitha angama-20, nesisindo - hhayi ngaphezu kwama-gramu ayi-150. Kukhona nesigaxa esihle emsileni. Ukusuka egameni kuyacaca lapho kuhlala khona i-rodent.
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya
Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayeze izici ezisemqoka zokuqukethwe kwe-rodent futhi uhlole kahle amathuba. Okokuqala, isitokisi kufanele sibe sibanzi ngobukhulu futhi sibe nomsuka wensimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, awukwazi ukuyibeka ngaphansi kwelanga elihangazayo noma okusalungiswa. Isilwane esifuywayo kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sibe nekhona lesithunzi.
Ukuntuleka kwephunga kungenye yezimpawu ezinqumayo lapho udinga ukukhetha isilwane esincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubhukuda emanzini, lokhu kungenzeki.
Amasistimu kanye nesimo semvelo
Kunezinhlobo eziyi-110 zama-gerbils okuyi-14 genera:
E-Russia, kukhona abamele uhlobo lwezinhlayiyana ezincane (Ama-Meriones), kufaka phakathi i-gerbil yasemini (Meriones meridianus).
Izinhlobo eziningi zama-gerbils ziyindawo yokugcina izifo ezingamagciwane asezingeni lemvelo ezigxile kubantu nasezilwaneni (isishayo, i-zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis), kanye nezingxenye eziholayo zama-biocenoses asehlane. Amanye amagciwane izinambuzane zezitshalo. Igcinwe ekudingisweni njengezilwane ezifuywayo nezaselabhoratri, i-gerbil yaseMongolia ivame kakhulu (Meriones unguiculatus).
Uhlu lweNcwadi Ebomvu Yomhlaba wonke luhlu lwezinhlobo ezingama-35 zama-gerbils. Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo olulodwa lisesimweni esibucayi (Meriones chengi), Izinhlobo ezi-4 zamagciwane amancane akhonjwa njengalawo asengozini (esengozini):
- Meriones arimalius,
- Meriones dahli,
- I-Meriones sakramenti,
- Meriones zarudnyi.
Ngabe kudlani?
Njengokondla okuyinhloko, amakhambi kanye nembewu enza. Kwamukelekile ukubeka isitsha esincane sokuphuza, yize isilwane sithola umswakama ovela eziluhlaza okotshani.
Uma ungafuni ukukhathaza ngokudla, ukuthengwa kwama-feed akhethekile kufanelekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi awekho amantongomane nembewu ye-sunflower ekudleni - ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamafutha awo, awalungele ama-gerbils.
Phakathi kokunye, hlukanisa ukudla kwesilwane sakho ngezithelo noma imifino eyomile - into esemqoka ukungafaki izithelo. Imifino emisha inhle.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Kufanele wazi ngaphambi kokuthenga ukuthi mangaki amagciwane ahlala. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile, i-rodent ejwayelekile izophila iminyaka emithathu.
Abaphula irekhodi beminyaka emine akuvamile. Ngonyaka wokugcina, isilwane siba sibi kakhulu, kanye nezifo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokudla okungenampilo.
Ukuziphatha kukaGerbil ekhaya
Ngifuna ukuqaphela ukuthi ziyizilwane ezifuywayo ezikahle. Baxhumana kangcono nabanikazi babo futhi bayathanda ukudlala. Njengoba ekuqaleni ayesabi abantu, kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuthoba ingane enjalo. Kwanele ukumnika noma yikuphi ukwelashwa futhi isilwane ngokushesha siba umngane wakho.
Njengoba sesinqume ukumthola njengesilwane, asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngokuthi lezi zilwane ziphaphama ebusuku. Ngaleyo ndlela enza umsindo omkhulu. Ngifuna ukusho ukuthi njengomfuyi waleli gundane, angiziboni nginenkinga enjalo.
Sekuvele usuku ngemuva kokubonakala kwami endlini yami, ukuthula ebusuku akuphulwanga lutho. Udinga nje ukubeka indlu yesilwane lapho ukukhanya kungatholi khona. Kungaba yiliphi ikona elimnyama, kepha hhayi i-sill yewindows noma indawo eseduze nalo. Kusukela ukukhanya kwamalambu omgwaqo kuzothuthukisa igundane.
Uma ikati lihlala endlini, qiniseka ukuthi isilwane esincane asisiyona isidlo sakhe sakusihlwa.
I-Myshkin House
Manje sengizokhuluma ngezimo ze-gerbil. Njengendlu, i-aquarium ebanzi iphelele kuye. Iseli kungcono ukungalisebenzisi. Kusukela, eqala ukulola amazinyo akhe, lesi silwane sithathwa kakhulu, futhi siluma kalula imigoqo yensimbi.
I-aquarium kufanele imbozwe ngesembozo esinomoya ovulekile, ngaphandle kwalokho igundane lizophuma. Futhi lapho, ifenisha yakho, iphepha lokunamathisela odongeni, kanye nezintambo zizohola amazinyo akho.
Ngifuna ukusho ukuthi ngaphezu kwendlu uqobo, umfuyi uzomdinga nempahla. Kungaba amabhola womdlalo nezinye izinto zokuzijabulisa. Qiniseka ukuthi ubeka ichibi elincane ku-aquarium. Kodwa hhayi ngamanzi, kodwa ngesihlabathi. Umqashi wakho omusha udinga isihlabathi sokuphumula. Futhi ngosizo lwakhe uhlanza i-soy ingubo enhle yoboya.
Nakekela indawo yokulala kwengane. Beka amaqabunga owomile, i-hay noma imichilo endlini yakhe. Igundane elincanyana elibongayo lizenzela i-lounger.
Ngabe udinga ukuhamba
Awukwazi ukugcina igundane njalo endlini yakhe. Khulula isilwane ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uhambe. Kepha awukwazi ukususa amehlo akho kuye. Uma kungazelelwe i-gerbil inquma ukucasha kuwe, ungesabi. Nakanjani uzoshiya indawo yokukhosela ngokushesha nje lapho ezwa impatho.
Ukuhamba kwangaphandle akudingeki kwi-gerbil. Myeke azelula, egijima amabanga amade ezungeze ifulethi lakho.
Okufanele ukondle
Ngokuqondene nokondla, konke kulula lapha. I-gerbil idla utshani obuluhlaza, okusanhlamvu okuhlumile, ama-apula, izaqathe neminye imifino nezithelo ngentokozo. Uzovuma amajikijolo noma imbewu yelanga. Kuzoba nokubonga isikhonyane noma umhlonyane. With injabulo izibhebhe up cottage shizi.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, zama ukukhawulela ukudla etafuleni lakho. Vele, i-gerbil ngeke ikwenqabe. Kepha ukudla umvimba noma umvimba akuyona imvelo kuye futhi kunganikeza umfutho kulesi sifo.
Manje, ngizosho amagama ambalwa ngokunakekelwa kwendlu yezilwane ezifuywayo. Ungakwazi ukumboza phansi kwendlu yegundane ngotshani, ukhuni, ngamapulangwe noma ngephepha. Ungathenga i-filler ekhethekile yamagundane. I-gerbil izothanda yonke into.
Njengoba igundane lifaka umchamo omncane kakhulu, asikho isidingo sokushintsha i-filler kaningi. Lokhu kungenziwa kanye ngesonto. Kodwa akufanele ukwandise isikhathi sokuhlanza. Kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi phansi ku-aquarium yomile. Njengoba lolu hlobo lwegundane alubekezeleli ukungaboli.
Futhi ngifuna ukuqaphela isikhathi lapho indawo ethile yabelwa i-gerbil ethoyilethi. Futhi kuyo yonke impilo yakhe uzoya lapho.
I-squirrel yesihlabathi ayikuthandi ukungaboli. Gcina indlu yakhe imile ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Njengoba ngishilo, ukulawulwa kwe-gerbil kucishe kungabonakali. Akesabi nhlobo abantu, yena uqobo ufuna ukuxhumana.Mane umuphe okukhona futhi ubungani bakho buzoqina isikhathi ngasinye.
Isifo seSand squirrel
Njengoba i-gerbil iyisidalwa esiphilayo, nayo isengcupheni yezifo ezahlukahlukene. Okuvame kakhulu yilezi:
- Isifo esibi sikaTizzer kubo, esibonakaliswa yi-necrosis yesibindi - i-enteritis . Enye yezimpawu zesifo ukunqwabelana koketshezi emgodini wesisu. Ngenxa yakhe, isilwane sikhula ngosayizi. Lesi sifo siqhubeka ngokushesha futhi siholela ekufeni. Abantu abakhulelwe nokukhula abasebasha batholakala kuyo. Ukuphakelwa okuthelelekile kucasula lesi sifo. Ngakho-ke, ukudla kwesilwane kufanele kuphathwe ngokuqapha,
- esinye isifo esivamile isithuthwane . Izibonakalisa ngesimo sokuthathwa kwemilenze futhi idluliselwa kuphela ngefa. Ukwelapha kuleli cala akusebenzi,
- futhi kunjalo i-gerbil angazilimaza . Ngiyawazi amacala lapho igundane liphulukana nomsila walo. Ngakho-ke, unakekele isilwane ngokucophelela nangokufanele.
Ingabe kukufanele ukuqala
Ukuze wenze noma ungabi yisiqeshana sesihlabathi ekhaya, vele, ibhizinisi lawo wonke umuntu. Kepha ngincoma kakhulu le gundwane njengesilwane esifuywayo. I-gerbil, yize inosayizi omncane, ingaba ngumngani omkhulu kuwe. Ngendlela yesilwane, isilwane sihle kakhulu. Ukuphela kwento, sicela unake imininingwane eyodwa.
Lapho uyithenga, qiniseka ukuthi ucela umthengisi amaphepha emadokhumeni
Kukhona ithuba lokuthenga igundane endle. Futhi lokhu kungaba yingozi emndenini wakho. Ngoba squirrels sand sand zasendle ziphethe isifo kanye tularemia.
Ukuthola isilwane esinjalo, ungakhohlwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukujabulisa umngane wakho omusha. Mlethele izipho ezincane ngendlela yamagatsha amancane noma amafindo. Uyoququda ngenjabulo. Futhi lapho isilwane sinezindawo eziyisikhumbuzo ezinjalo, mancane amathuba okuba kuthi lapho uhamba uzungeze ifulethi udle okuthile okubalulekile.
IGerbils (Gerbillinae) - iqembu elikhethekile lamagundane elibukeka lifana. Umndeni une-13-16 genera nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-80, ezihlelwe zaba yimindeni emibili. Ngaphakathi kuhlobo ngalunye, umehluko mncane kakhulu, futhi, njengomthetho, ubonakala ngokuvelele kombala, ubude bomsila noshizi kuwo. Ngakho-ke, akucaci ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo zama-gerbils ezikhona. Phakathi kwabo bonke abamele umndeni omkhulu, odume kakhulu yi-gerbil clawil. Lesi isilwane esihle esinamehlo amakhulu amnyama, isisu esimhlophe kanye nomsila omfushane onesigaxa ekugcineni. Yi-gerbil enesihlwathi (iMongolia) esivame ukugcinwa njengesilwane. Ungafunda ngokuqukethwe kwama-gerbils ekhaya. Esihlokweni esifanayo, sizokhuluma ngokuphila kwamagciwane endaweni yawo yemvelo.
Indawo yokuhlala ye-gerbil ihlanganisa i-Afrika, eningizimu ye-Asia isuka enhlonhlo ye-Arabian iye eHindustan naseSri Lanka, eCentral nase-Asia Ephakathi Iningi lezilwane lihlala ezindaweni ezedlulele - ogwadule nakuma-desert. Ezinye zitholakala phakathi kwamahlathi we-xerophytic savannah. Izintaba zingakhuphukela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Incazelo, indlela yokuphila ye-gerbil
Ama-Gerbils ayizilwane ezincane, ubude bomzimba ngokuya ngezinhlobo busuka ku-6-7 (gerbil emfushane) kuya ku-18-21 cm (i-Indian gerbil), umsila - ukusuka ku-7 kuye ku-20 cm. Izinduku zinesisindo kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-190 amagremu. Imilenze emhlane eyisinono yinde kunangaphambili. Umsila uvame ukude kunomzimba, kahle i-pubescent, imvamisa ngebrashi yezinwele eziphakeme ekugcineni. Amehlo makhulu, abekwe phezulu ekhanda, okwenza ukuthi abantu babonakale. Izindlebe zincanyana, kwezinye izinhlobo zincane ngisho nangamagundane.
Kuyaphawuleka indlebe ekhulisiwe ephakathi. Lesi sici sandisa ukuzwela kwesilwane sibe yimisindo ephansi imvamisa, ngokwesibonelo, ekudonselweni kwamaphiko esikhova.
Amathoni anesihlabathi noma ansundu agqamile ngombala wangemuva, isisu silula, simhlophe noma siphuzi. Umbala wejazi kuma-gerbils nawo ungowezinhlobo ezifanayo, kepha kusuka kwendawo ehlukile, ungahluka. Izilwane ezihlala emgodini wobumba omnyama zivame ukuba nsundu, futhi esihlabathini ophuzi - zibomvu. Ibhulashi emnyama kuphela emsileni ngandlela thile yephula umbala wokugquma. Kodwa-ke, lesi sici sidlala indima ebalulekile: ibhulashi lenza umsebenzi wesiginali, libamba iqhaza kwezokuxhumana.
Iningi lamagciwane lihlala ezindaweni ezinobunzima ogwadule, lapho umoya ufudumala kuze kufike ku-50 ° C. Ngaleso sikhathi, izilwane kufanele ziphile impilo yobusuku, kepha phakathi nosuku zifihla ukushisa emiseleni engaphansi komhlaba, imvamisa zixhuma ukungena ngaphakathi. Emgodini, ekujuleni kwesigamu semitha, izinga lokushisa alidluli ku-20-25 ° C. Kuseagwadule olusenyakatho kuphela, amanye ama-gerbil ayasebenza phakathi nosuku.
Kudlani amagciwane?
Indima eyinhloko ekudleni kwama-gerbils idlalwa ngezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo - amaqabunga, imbewu, izithelo, izimpande nezilimo zezimpande. Kepha izinhlobo eziningi zidla noma yikuphi ukudla okutholakalayo: izinambuzane, izibankwa, iminenke, ngisho namagundane amancane. Ezimweni zogwadule, imbewu eyomile namakhambi ngokuvamile kungukuphela kokudla. Ama-Gerbils ahlala ezifundeni ezomile zaseNingizimu ne-Afrika ahlala ngokukhethekile ezinambuzaneni.
Ezinye izinhlobo zithanda uhlobo oluthile lokuphakelayo. Isibonelo, i-gerbil yesikhathi sasemini ingatholakala kuphela lapho ama-anculents anejusi ebrown akhula khona. I-gerbil yamaNdiya unyaka wonke incike ekuluhlaza okotshani okusha nasezinhlalweni ezinhlelweni zokunisela. Amagciwane kaWagner athanda iminenke kakhulu, futhi emigodini yawo umuntu angabona inqwaba yamagobolondo angenalutho.
Ebusuku, lapho izitshalo zimbozwe umswakama, izilwane ziyaziqoqa bese zizidonsela emigodini yazo ukuze zigcine amanzi ayigugu. Isistimu yokugaya yalezi zidondolo ikhipha uketshezi oluphezulu kusuka ekudleni, futhi izinso zivikela kuphela amaconsi omchamo ogxile kakhulu.
AmaGerbils ahlala ezifundeni ezinobusika obubandayo athela ukudla ebusika. Kwezinye izinhlobo, izinsiza zingafinyelela amakhilogremu angama-20 noma ngaphezulu!
Ubudlelwano bomndeni
Imicibisholo ehlala ezingwadule ihlala impilo yodwa, noma kunjalo, imisele yayo eyinkimbinkimbi itholakala isondelene kakhulu kangangokuba ifana nemikhakha. Njengombana ehlane imithombo yokudla iyindlala, isilwana ngasinye sidla sodwa. Izinhlobo ezihlala lapho kudla khona ukudla ziningi zithandeka kakhudlwana. Bahlala ngababili futhi kwesinye isikhathi bakha izindawo zokuhlala umndeni. Izinhlobo ezinjenge-Big gerbil, i-gerbil engaphansi, i-Day gerbil, i-Prezhevalsky gerbil, iFluffy tailed gerbil zakha amakoloni amakhulu ngohlelo olubanzi lokuxhumana izimbobo lapho kulula khona ukugcina ukufudumala nokugcina ukudla.
Isikhathi sokuzalela kuma-gerbils amaningi ahlotshaniswa nezinto zesimo sezulu. Isibonelo, izakhamizi zase-savannah zizalela ekupheleni kwenkathi yemvula. Izilwane ezihlala kulezo zindawo lapho ukudla ziningi khona zizala unyaka nonyaka, ziletha imikhaza engama-2-3 unyaka wonke. Amagquma asogwadweni azalaniswa ezinyangeni ezipholile, kepha amagciwane avela eNingizimu Afrika angazala unyaka wonke.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-21- 28. Inani lamawundlu kulitha lwezinhlobo ezahlukene luhlukahluka kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-12, ngokwesilinganiso kuzalwa izingane ezingama-3-5. Bazalwa bengasizi, behamba ze, beyizimpumputhe futhi bengakwazi ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba olifunayo. Kumaviki amabili, izingane zincike ngokuphelele ekunakekelweni njalo kukamama. Uma amathole ezalwa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokuzalela, ayakwazi ukufika esikhathini sokuzala sekufika isikhathi sokuzala futhi avele abambe iqhaza kuwo eneminyaka emibili. Njengoba ezalwe kamuva, avuthwa eneminyaka eyi-6 izinyanga futhi aqala ukuzalanisa isizini ezayo.
Umlando wokubekwa ekhaya kwegciwane
Cishe iminyaka engama-50, amagciwane abelokhu esebenzisana nabantu
Imizamo yokuqala yokuthambisa ama-gerbils yenzeka ngonyaka wama-30s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ngokushesha kwaba sobala ukuthi la magundane ajwayelana kahle nokudingiswa. Umbala wazo ngaleso sikhathi wawunjalo - umbala wesihlabathi uvunyelwe ukucasha ezitheni.
Ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-30, igagasi lesibili lokugaywa kwegundane laqala. Ukungabekezeleleki, ukuhogela iphunga nemvelo ethokozisayo kwabiza abathandi bamagundane asekhaya. Ngo-1969, kwabanjwa umbukiso wokuqala wamazwe omhlaba wama-gerbils, lapho kwakumelelwa izilwane ezincelisayo ezinemibala yemvelo kuphela. Ngokushesha ngemuva kombukiso, ochwepheshe baqala ukutadisha izakhi zofuzo ezibhekele umbala wejazi. Ngamandla okwenza ukuthi kube nokukhipha abantu abampunga, obomvu okhanyayo, omhlophe, abamnyama futhi ababonayo.
Imibala ehlukahlukene enjalo yenza i-gerbil izilwane ezithandwa kakhulu. Baqala ukubhala ngabo kumamagazini abakhethekile njengohlobo olusha lwezilwane zasekhaya. Ngemuva kwesikhashana esifushane, esivele ngoMeyi 1969, kwahlelwa i- "National Club of Lovers of Gerbils". Lolu suku lubhekwa njengesiqalo sempilo yezilwane ezimangalisayo nezizithobile lezi eduze kwabantu.
Izinhlobo nezincazelo zazo
UGerbils walithola igama lakhe ngokusho kombala wokuqala
Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yama-gerbils - ogwadule kanye nama-steppes . Kungakho imibala yabo yokuqala yayinesihlabathi noma nsundu - ngakho-ke bahlangana nemvelo futhi bacasha kwabazingeli.
Ubungako bomzimba wabo buqala ku-6 kuye ku-22 cm, kuya ngezinhlobo. Umsila unobude obungu-7 kuya ku-20 cm, nesisindo - ukusuka ku-10 kuye ku-200 g. Isici esahlukile kwamanye amagundane ngumsila, embozwe ngokuphelele ngoboya obukhulu ngohlobo lweshizi ekugcineni. Namuhla, sekumbulwe cishe izinhlobo eziyikhulu zezilwane ezimangalisayo. Bambalwa kuphela ababephathisiwe.
Balochistan gerbil ngummeleli omncane kunabo bonke. Ubude bawo bubalelwa ku-6 cm, futhi isisindo sawo kuyaqabukela seqa ngaphezu kwama-25. Umbala wejazi ungwephuzi grey, isisu simhlophe. Emvelweni, angatholakala ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ye-Asia.
Umfishane omfishane omfushane unombala ofanayo, omude ngokwedlula owangaphambi kwawo futhi uhlala eNyakatho Afrika.
I-gerbil kaChisman, efinyelela ku-11 cm ngosayizi, inomsila isikhathi eside kunobude bomzimba, inombala we-orange emuva. Isici esihlukile ngamehlo amakhulu aqhamile ekhanda elincane.
Igundane lasePheresiya likhulu kakhulu kunezihlobo zalo: isisindo - kufika ku-170 g, ubude bomzimba - kufika ku-19 cm. Ingemuva elinsundu kanye nebhulashi elisepeni lomsila kukwenza kukhange ikakhulukazi. Ihlala eCentral Asia, izwa kahle ezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-3,000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Umuntu omkhulu kakhulu ubizwa - i-Big gerbil. Ubude bawo bungadlula i-20 cm. Uboya bunombala wesihlabathi ophuzi, umsila uphela ngoshizi omnyama ekugcineni.
Izindlebe ezisekhanda le-gerbil enamehlo amfushane kunzima ukuhlukanisa
I-gerbil enezinwele ezimfishane noma i-Desmodillus auricularis ihlukaniswa ngezindlebe ezincane ezicindezelwe ngokuqinile emzimbeni. Umbala ubomvu noma ubomvu onsundu, isisu, imilenze nezindawo ngemuva kwezindlebe zimbozwe ngoboya obumhlophe.
Ubude bomzimba abudluli ku-12 cm, isisindo - 70 g. Umsila mfishane kunomzimba - 8-10 cm. Izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo - South Africa.
I-gerbil yaseMongolia - uhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu
Okuthandwa kakhulu ekunakekelweni kwasendlini kungama-gerbil aseMongolia noma ahlangene. . Igama lesayensi lalowo nguMeriones unguiculatus.
Kungokwezinhlobo ezinkulu: osayizi - cishe 20 cm, isisindo - kuze kufike ku-120 g. Ekupheleni komsila omude ibhulashi elihle. Izinduna zabesilisa baseMongolia zikhulu kunezinsikazi.
Emvelweni, kutholakala ezinyaweni zaseMongolia nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo zabekwa ezifundweni zokuqala ngesiphetho esilandelayo semibala ehlukahlukene. Umbala wemvelo uyisihlabathi. Izinwele zinombala we-heterogeneous kulo lonke ubude - zibomvu eduze komzimba futhi zimnyama emaphethelweni.
Kumagciwane abilayo, izinwele ezisemsileni zinde kunasemzimbeni.
I-Sekeetamys calurus ngombala wesihlabathi. Umsila wembeswe ngokuphelele izinwele ezinohlonze, imvamisa ngesigaxa esimhlophe ekugcineni. Izinwele emsileni zinde kunasemzimbeni wonke. Kungakho igama lesilwane - i-fluby gerbil.
Ubukhulu besilwane esinyamazinyo singamasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-13. Sitholakala ngemvelo emaqeleni nasezintabeni zaseNyakatho Afrika naseNtshonalanga Asia.
Ama-gerbil gerbils
Ama-gerbil gerwar (Gerbillus) luhlobo oluningi kakhulu emndenini, olunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-30. Muva nje, ihlukaniswe nge-genera esondelene ne-2-3.
Ubude bomzimba bama-gerbils amancanyana buyi-6-13 cm kuphela; umzimba ulula futhi muhle. Umsila uvamisile ngebhulashi elincane lokuphela lezinwele ezingafakwanga. Umbala womzimba wangaphezulu uvamisile, unesihlabathi. Unyawo lubanzi, luvamisile, ngamafomu we-psammophilic, iminwe enomphetho wezinwele ezimhlophe ezilukhuni, okwandisa indawo yokusekelwa. Imigqomo ebekiwe yokulinganisa ephakathi.
Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo ihlanganisa cishe wonke amathafa aseSahara naseMedithera e-Afrika. E-Asia, zitholakala zisuka e-Arabia ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu ye-Ntshonalanga Asia ziye ogwadule lwaseThar eNdiya.
I-gerbil yaseGibhithe (Gerbillus pyramidum) ivamile enyakatho ye-Afrika. Ihlala izindawo ezahlukahlukene ezinesihlabathi - zombili izindawo ezinesihlabathi esikhulu kanye namachashaza amancane esihlabathi odakeni lobumba noma kosawoti emathafeni asogwini. Kutholakala nezindawo zokugcoba, ezivame ukuhlaliswa ezindlini ze-adobe. Esithombeni, i-gerbil yaseGibhithe emnyango wegodi.
Ubude bomzimba we-gerbil yaseGibhithe buyi-9-13 cm, kanti nomsila ungafika ku-18 cm.
Le gerbil ithanda ukuhlala yodwa, yize imvamisa abantu abaningi bagcinwa eduze. Iziza ngazinye zibaluleke kakhulu endaweni, kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-170 ngaphesheya. Imisele inokungena okungama-2-3 kuphela, kepha iyinkimbinkimbi engaphansi komhlaba.
I-gerbil yaseGibhithe isebenza ebusuku, futhi ifihla umgodi wosuku, ixhume ukungena kwayo ngokhokho obumba.
Idla ngembewu, izingxenye ezingaphansi komhlaba zezitshalo, amakhambi, ama-arthropods.
Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka ngoJuni kuya kuMashi futhi kumisa kuphela esikhathini esishisayo nesomileyo sonyaka (Mashi - Meyi). Izihlobo zezingane zivame ukuba ngamawane ama-4.
Izinzuzo kanye ne-Cons of a Gerbil as a Pet
Amagciwane ahlanzekile futhi ayadlala, kodwa ngeke ulinde ukuthula kwabo ebusuku
Cabanga ngezinzuzo eziphambili zokugcina amagciwane ekhaya:
- I-Tidy - ngokuqhathaniswa namanye amagundane, ama-gerbils adinga ukunakekelwa okuncane, kwanele ukuhlanza ikheji kanye ngesonto,
- Cishe akunalo iphunga
- Ukungazinikeli ekudleni,
- Uma uthatha umbhangqwana - asikho isidingo sokujabulisa isilwane ngaso sonke isikhathi, ungasishiya singanakekelwa, izilwane ngeke zife ngenxa yesithukuthezi,
- Ithambile.
Njenganoma yiziphi izilwane, kanye nezinzuzo kukhona inani lokungathandeki:
- Impilo esebenzayo yama-gerbils ivela ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokulala kwakho, isilwane sizokwenza umsindo omningi - bambe futhi bambe. Musa ukugcina izilwane ezifuywayo egumbini lokulala ebusuku.
- IGerbils ngamagundane, futhi yilokho. Bahlala bahlafuna kukho konke abakubonayo. Asikho isidingo sokukhuluma nganoma yiziphi izindlu zokhuni. Kufanele kube ikheji elinemigoqo yensimbi, ukushintshashintsha okunamandla kanye nama-feeders.
- Isikhathi sokuphila cishe siyiminyaka engama-2-3. Ngalesi sikhathi, umnikazi uzoba nesikhathi sokujwayela isilwane - ukwahlukanisa kuvame ukuba nzima.
Ngaphambi kokuletha umhlali omusha endlini, kufanele ufunde ngezimo eziyisisekelo zokugcina amagciwane. Okungcono okulungiselela kusengaphambili, inkathazo encane i-renter izoletha esikhathini esizayo.
Musa ukubeka ikheji nalesi silwane elangeni ngqo noma kokusalungiswa. Yize iqiniso lokuthi izwe le-gerbil lilanga, kubalulekile ukuthi isilwane sikwazi ukucasha emthunzini.
Amagciwane amancane
IGenus Encane iGerbils (Meriones Illiger) - ongomunye wabamele lo mndeni, ungomunye weqembu elibizwa ngokuthi "ama-gerbils aphezulu". Kubandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-16, ezihlukaniswe ngama-subgenus ayi-3-4.
Indawo le ihlanganisa lonke ibhande lasehlane lasePalearctic - ukusuka ezintabeni zase-Atlas ngasenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Afrika kuya eGobi eCentral Asia. Abamele lolu hlobo bahlala ogwadule abade kanye nogwadule lwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene (ikakhulukazi inhlabathi eminyene), kwesinye isikhathi zigcinwa eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu.
Ubude bomzimba wezilwane buyi-10-18 cm, umsila ungamasentimitha ayi-10 - 20. Umbala ongaphezulu komzimba usuka esihlabathini uphuzi-ube nesihlabathi esinsundu, isisu simhlophe, imvamisa sinezimbali eziqhakaza ubomvu, umswakama osemsileni usuka ku-ash-grey uye kumnyama-nsundu.
Amagciwane amancane ahamba ebusuku kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi asebenza phakathi nosuku. Ziindawo, zihlala emikhayeni emincane yemindeni noma zodwa, zimba imigodi elula.
Ukudla kuyimbewu nezingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo.
Zizala ngenkathi efudumele, zilethe inzalo emi-3 ngesizini ngayinye, kanti ku-udoti kunama-cubs afinyelela ku-12.
Lezi zidondolo ziningi (ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile). Banokubaluleka okukhulu kwezifo eziqothulayo (ikakhulukazi lapho kungekho khona i-gerbil enkulu), ababamba iqhaza ekunakekelweni kwezifo ezigxile emvelweni. Emazweni ama-Arabhu, kudliwa ezinye izinhlobo.
IGrbilil enomsila obomvu (iMeriones libycus) inendawo ebanzi yokusabalalisa emndenini. Uhla lwayo luhlanganisa ugwadule kanye nogwadule lwaseNyakatho Afrika, i-Anterior, Middle, Central Asia kuze kufinyelele nase Xinjiang. Ihlala ephemeral kanye ne-foothillert desert-desert, udaka kanye namathafa amatshe amatshe anogqinsi. Sitholakala esandeni kuphela phakathi kweminyaka yokwanda okujwayelekile kwamanani kuphela ezinhlakeni ezihleliwe. Ezindaweni zezolimo, uhlala emigodini yemisele yokunisela, amasimu aniselwa, kwizitshalo ze-alfalfa nokusanhlamvu, kutholakala njalo ezakhiweni zabantu.
Amasayizi aphakathi: ubude bomzimba bufika ku-17 cm, umsila - bufika ku-19 cm. Uboya emuva abunamabala ansundu, amnyama kunezinye izinhlobo zohlobo. Umsila ucishe ulingane nobude bomzimba, ubomvu-sandy, ngombala obuhluke ngokuphelele kusuka phezulu ngemuva, isendlalelo sezinwele ezinsundu. Ukuzwa izigubhu kukhulu.
Izimbobo zama-gerbils anomsila obomvu ziyinkimbinkimbi; zinamamaki ama-5 kuya kwangama-20 aseduze. Ukuhamba komhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba kufinyelela ekujuleni kuka-1-1.2 m. Kulesi simbobo kunamakhamera anezidleke nezindawo ezigcinwe kuzo. Lolu hlobo luhlala ngokuzithandela emiseleni okungahlali kuyo kumakholoni we-gerbil enkulu.
Engxenyeni efudumele yonyaka, le nhlobo iyasebenza ebusuku, ebusika - imvamisa kakhulu phakathi nosuku.
Ukuzala kuvame ukwenzeka ngezikhathi ezifudumele zonyaka, kuthatha kusukela ngoFebhuwari - Mashi kuya ku-Okthoba - Novemba. Eminyakeni evumayo ikakhulukazi, iyakwazi ukuzala unyaka wonke. Ngesikhathi sokuzala kunezinhlobo ezingama-3 amalitha, ngalinye lisuka emahogweni amabili kuya kwali-12. Abesifazane abazalwa entwasahlobo bayakwazi ukukhulisa amalitha amabili ngonyaka owodwa.
Indima enkulu ekudleni kwe-gerbil enomsila obomvu idlalwa ngokudla okuhlanganisiwe: imbewu nama-bulbs, okwenza ngaphezu kokudla okungu-80%. Idla izingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo njalo, kepha ikakhulukazi njengomthombo womswakama. Iphinde idle izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo, lapho ukudla kwembewu kusesincane. Ebusika kwenza amasheya enesisindo esingama-9 kg. Kulimaza izilimo zokusanhlamvu nokotini.
I-Midday gerbil (Meriones meridianus), ngokwezinto ezithile zokuphilayo nezemvelo, ithatha isikhundla esihlukile kuhlobo. Ifomu elihlala eTranscaucasus lisanda kukhethwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile - i-Armenia gerbil (M. dahli).
Ivela eLwandle lweCaspian iye e-Alashan nase-Inner Mongolia, eningizimu emathafeni asezansi eNyakatho Afghanistan nase-Central Iran. Ukulungiselela ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi. Imvamisa, itholakala ezindaweni ezinamaphakethi zezihlahla, lapho okumba khona izimbobo.
Lesi simeleli esincanyana kunazo zonke sohlobo: ubude bomzimba abudluli ku-15 cm. Umbala wangaphezulu unesihlabathi esikhanyayo, kepha kwezinye izindawo kunezindlela ezinemibala emnyama (brownish noma ashy brownish). Isisu simhlophe qwa. Izinwele emsileni zikhulu ukwedlula ezinye zezinhlobo zohlobo lwegciwane lincane, kepha ibhulashi lokugcina alakheki kahle.
Ukuqanjwa koloni kulolu hlobo kuyabizwa kakhulu kunakwamanye amagciwane amancane, ikakhulukazi ebusika. Isisekelo sale koloni sakhiwe ngezindawo zezinsikazi ezingashintshashintshi: zinamathele kakhulu emabeleni kunamaduna. Isimo sowesilisa sithwebula izigaba eziningana zabesifazane. Esizeni esisodwa kunezindawo eziningi zokukhosela, kwesinye sazo isilwane sifihla usuku okungenani izinsuku eziningana noma sisebenzisa imisele engu-3-4 ngokuhlukile kulokhu. Imisele ebusika nobusika bujule kakhulu, ingashiya indawo iye kumamitha ayi-4. Ebusika, izilwane ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-15 zigcinwa kule mibila. Ehlobo, izilwane zisebenza ikakhulukazi kusihlwa nasebusuku. Ekwindla, lapho kufika isikhathi sokuvuna okuphakelayo, bashiya izimbobo ubusuku nemini.
Unyaka wonke udla ikakhulukazi ngembewu. Inani eliphambili lokudla lwalezi zinhlobo umhlonyane.
Isikhathi sokufuya siqala maphakathi no-Mashi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, phakathi naleso sikhathi lapho kuphela ezinye izintokazi ezindala ezingaletha ama-broods amathathu, kanti iningi likwazi ukuletha udoti owodwa. I-brood imvamisa ingamawele angama-5-6 kuphela, lapho eneminyaka eyodwa inyanga isiqalile ukuziphilisa.
I-gerbil, noma iMongolia gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) ifana ngokubukeka nemini, eyehluka ngayo ngosayizi omncane, ibhulashi elakheke kahle lezinwele ezimpunga ekugcineni komsila. Isisu 'singcolile' ngenxa yokuthi izinwele zinezisekelo ezimnyama. Izikhafu zimnyama, ziwele (yingakho igama lazo).
Itholakala enkabeni neMongolia esenyakatho, enyakatho nasempumalanga yeChina, kanye naseTransbaikalia naseTuva. Ihlala emathafeni anesihlabathi, ama-savannas avulekile nasemahlathini.
I-gerbil clawed ihlala emaqenjini omphakathi, osayizi bawo afinyelela phezulu ehlobo. Leli qembu liqukethe abesilisa abadala abangama-1-3 nezintokazi ezindala ezi-2-7 nezilwane eziningi zezizukulwane. Zonke ziphila ngohlelo olujwayelekile lwezimbobo. Izindawo zawo zokukhosela ziningi futhi zihlukahlukene ngosayizi nobunzima bensimbi. Izindonga ziqoqa ukudla ndawonye ebusika, kuthi emakhazeni zingqongqane ndawonye ngenqwaba egumbini lokudlela. Ubunye baleli qembu busekelwa yiwo wonke amalungu alo, futhi abantu abangabazi baxoshwa ngaphandle kokuzisola.
Amagciwane ozipho asebenza phakathi nesikhathi sasemini (ikakhulukazi) nasebusuku. Ebusika, umsebenzi uyancishiswa, izinduku zishiya izimbobo zazo kuphela ngezinsuku ezolile nezinelanga.
Ukuzala kabusha kuqhubeka kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuSepthemba. Phakathi nonyaka, izinsikazi zivame ukunikeza izingane ezingama-2, abanye abantu baletha okwesithathu. Amantshontsho amancane angazalela ngonyaka ofanayo. Encwadini yezinsana ezingama-4-5.
Yibaphi abantu abadala eqenjini ababazali bayo yonke inzalo? Umuntu angeke ahlulele lokhu ngokuziphatha kwabesilisa nabesifazane, noma ngabe bahlala ngababili. Futhi uma iqembu lezihlobo ligcinwa njalo, ukunqamula kungazibangeli kanjani izinkinga ezinkulu zofuzo? Amaphazili ahlotshaniswa nokuphila komphakathi walezi zilwane awazange axazululwe kudala lapho ebonwa ekudingisweni. Kwavela ukuthi imiphakathi ihlala izinzile futhi inendawo, kepha izintokazi ngokushisa ziyashiya iqembu lazo futhi zivakashele omakhelwane bezoshada nazo lapho. Ngemuva kwalokho babuyela emgodini wabo futhi banikeze isizukulwane esisha, wonke amalungu omndeni omkhulu azowanakekela.
Lenhlobo idla kakhulu okusanhlamvu, i-liliaceae ne-Asteraceae, nezitshalo ezitshaliwe eduze kwamasimu. Ubusika bungagcina kuze kufike ku-20 kg yembewu.
ETransbaikalia naseTuva, lo msubathi onamakhaza uyisidalwa esibi sezitshalo, ikakhulukazi okusanhlamvu ne-alfalfa.
Amagciwane amakhulu
Amagciwane amakhulu (iRhombomys Wagner) - uhlobo lwe-monotypic, oluthuthuke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kohlelo lwamazinyo phakathi kwama-gerbils: yukuphela kohlobo emndenini onokukhula njalo kwama-molars. Ubude bomzimba wezilwane bude bufika kuma-20 cm, umsila ungafika ku-16 cm. Imizimba yabo igcwele, imilenze yabo imfushane. Ijazi likhona kunokubambisana nomgogodla omude. Umbala wesihlabathi, isisu silula kuphela kunasemuva.
Amagciwane amakhulu ayindawo yonke ethafeni nasezintabeni ezakhiwe ngotshani nasogwadule lwaseKazakhstan, eCentral, Anterior nase-Asia Ephakathi. Lezi izinduku kukhona diurnal, ikoloni kakhulu, ngokuthuthukiswa komsindo ukusayina. Imisele yabo iyinkimbinkimbi, ngenani eliphakeme bahlanganiswa baba “ngamadolobhana” ngamakhulu amabanga okuhamba.
I-gerbil enkulu (i-Rhombomys opimus) iyodwa kuphela ummeleli wama-gerus amakhulu. Izinhlobo ezihlala cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zogwadule ezinomhlabathi othambile, zigwema izindishi ezingenalutho nezimbotshana zikasawoti, amathafa amatshe amatshe amatshe, amatshe anesihlabathi, nezindawo ezinamanzi amaningi aphansi komhlaba. Imvamisa hlala phakathi kwezakhiwo zokwenziwa - amadamu, izifutho zezitimela, njll. Izindawo ezinjengalezi zelulwa umucu omfushane wamakhilomitha amaningi yingakho zibizwa nge- "tepi".
Esithombeni, igciwane elikhulu endaweni ye “kholamu”
Amagciwane amakhulu abonakala ngokuphila kweqembu lomndeni. Umndeni uqukethe owesilisa, owesifazana kanye nenzalo yabo ezizukulwaneni ezahlukahlukene. Amaqembu emindeni eyinkimbinkimbi nawo angakhiwa lapho owesilisa ahlanganisa izinsikazi eziningana ezihlala emigodini ehlukene yezidleke. Abesilisa bangaphandle baxoshwa ngumnikazi wendawo.
Kumagciwane amakhulu, njengokujwayelekile ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamakholoni afanayo, i-alamu ethuthukisiwe iyisici, esisebenza kakhulu njengendlela yokuxwayisa ngengozi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezimpawu - izwi nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-podophony. Esimweni sokuqala, lawa ama-squeaks angama-jerky okuphindaphindiwe kanye nemhlophe efana ne-bird twitter. Esehlakalweni sesibili, i-rodent, njengoba isigijimele emgodini, yashaya izinyawo zayo phansi, umsindo okhuphukayo, ozwakala kahle ngaphandle, ukude kakhulu ohlelweni lokuhamba.
Ukudla kwama-gerbils amakhulu ngenkathi efudumele kuhlanganiswa kakhulu ngamaqabunga. Ekwindla nasebusika, amagatsha namagxolo ezihlahlana asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi. Ebusika, izingxenye zezitshalo zemifino zigcinwa, zizifaka emakamelweni akhethekile. Amasheya angafika ku-50 kg.
I-gerbil enkulu esebenzayo ntambama. Ehlobo, umsebenzi womhlabathi uyeka ekushiseni komoya ngaphezu kwama-36 ° C. Ebusika, izilwane akuvamile ukuba ziphume emigodini yazo, ikakhulukazi ezingwadule zasenyakatho, lapho ikhava leqhwa ligcinwa izinyanga eziningana.
Isikhathi sokuzalela ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunezingane ezimbili ezilandelanayo. Ehlobo, ukuzala kuncishiswa kakhulu. Ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla, lapho ukushisa kuncipha, kubhekwa inani eliphakeme lesibili lokuzala. Imvamisa kuzalwa amawundlu angama-5-6.
Umuntu ne-gerbil
Iningi lamagciwane lihlala ezindaweni ezingenamuntu. Lapho behlangana khona nomuntu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi base-Afrika kanye nase-Asia steppes, kuvela izingxabano. Eqinisweni, lezi zilwane izinambuzane, zihlala eduze kwamasimu futhi ziqoqa isabelo sazo sesilimo. Isixuku sezimbobo, silimaza amadamu, imigwaqo ngisho nezisekelo zezakhiwo. Imizi yabo isebenza njengezindawo zezifo eziyingozi.
Abantu banobuthi ngamagciwane ngamagesi namakhemikhali, bacekela phansi izindawo abahlala kuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bekuyisikhathi eside besetshenziswa njengezilwane zaselebhu, futhi kwezinye izindawo inyama yabo emnandi ibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, ama-gerbil aba yizilwane ezifuywayo. Futhi uma ngokwemvelo ubudala bama-gerbils kuphela iminyaka eyi-1-2, khona-ke ekhaya lezi zilwane zingaphila iminyaka emi-5.
Mhlawumbe zonke izingane zomhlaba ziphupha ngokuba nesilwane esifuywayo. Kepha ngemuva kokuvela kwengane eyodwa icela isilwane sesibili, njalonjalo kwa-infinity. Ukushintshana kwabazali kuphela okukhawulela isibalo sezilwane ezisendlini. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kuzolala emahlombe abo. Kungakho abantu abadala bavame ukukhetha ama-gerbils amahle.
Ukuhlanzeka nokugeza
Ukugeza ngesihlabathi - inqubo eyinhloko yokuhlanzeka yama-gerbils
Ama-Gerbils cishe awanephunga - le nto ngokuvamile ibalulekile lapho ukhetha isilwane. Amanzi ezilwane zasehlane awavunyelwe nakancane . Futhi nokho, badinga ukuhlanzwa ngezikhathi ezithile - ukugeza. Ngokumangazayo, indawo enhle kakhulu yokuhlanzeka yisihlabathi. Thatha isitsha esijulile esikhudlwana kunosayizi wezinyamazane, usimboze ngesanti elihlanzekile bese ubeka isilwane lapho. Imvelo izokhathaza abanye - uzosheshe athole ukuthi yini okudingeka ayenze.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-gerbil iyi-rodent. Uma isitsha singopulasitiki, kunengozi yokuthi kuzoqala ukusiluma, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukubhukuda kuphela ngaphansi kokugadwa noma udinga ukuthola impahla ehlala isikhathi eside.
Izici zokuziphatha
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuqala i-gerbil, qiniseka ukuthi ufunda ulimi lwayo lwezandla
Ngokuziphatha kwesilwane esifuywayo, ungaqonda ukuthi sikusiphi isimo - siyadlala, silele, sibuhlungu, noma sithukile.
Ukuqhuqha kaningi kwemilenze yezinsikazi, okufana nomqhumo wesigubhu, kuveza ukuthi lesi silwane siyesaba futhi sixwayisa ngobungozi bezihlobo zabo. Noma kungekho amanye amagciwane aseduze, lokhu kuziphatha kungokwemvelo.
Ukuqina nokuxinana kakhulu, imivimbo ehlangana njalo yamawashi akhombisa ukuthi isilwane sikulungele ukubhangqa futhi silinde umlingani.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, ama-gerbils enza imisindo, kaningi lokhu kusho ukuthi ayethukile noma abize ezinye amagundane. Uma isilwane sivame ukuqala ukucwila ephusheni, kufanele usikhombise udokotela wakho. Lokhu kungaba yisici sesilwane, noma uphawu lwezinkinga zempilo.
Thatha isilwane ezandleni zayo, unaka ama-paws ayo. Uma beklwekwe, kusho ukuthi akakhululeki. Kungcono ukubeka i-gerbil. Lapho isilwane sikwethemba, imilenze yaso iyavuseleleka neminwe yayo iqonde .
Izifo nokwelashwa
Ngokusola kokuqala kwe-malaise, ulethe i-gerbil kudokotela wezilwane
Izimbangela zokulimala kwezifo zamagciwane zihlukahlukene. Ungaludonseli kude uhambo lokuya kudokotela wezilwane - izifo eziningi zenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu, isilwane siyafa.
Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe lapho ingane ivilapha ukuyibeka endaweni efudumele, ethule futhi inomthunzi . Qiniseka ukuthi unikeza igundane ngamanzi amasha.
Amehlo avuvukala we-purulent kanye nokuphuma emzimbeni obomvu okuvela kuwo ngokuvamile kuyizimpawu ze-conjunctivitis. Kuyadingeka ukukhipha uthuli, kungcono ukumboza okwesikhashana ikheji ngama-napkins ahlanzekile. I-echinacea eyomile ingafakwa ku-feed. Hlambulula amehlo nge-tincture ye-chamomile. Odokotela bezilwane bavame ukunquma ama-antibhaydi ngendlela yamaconsi.
Ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni kungasho ukuthi komzimba ungabi namandla ngenxa yalokho, ukulunywa. Shintsha ukudla nemfucumfucu. Uma isimo singashintshile phakathi nosuku - bonisa udokotela.
Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ziqala ukuquqa umsila wazo - lokhu kuwuphawu lokutheleleka ngefungus. Umuntu ngeke akwenze ngaphandle kosizo lochwepheshe.
Ukukhetha ikheji nezinye izinsimbi
Ekheji, i-gerbil kumele ibe nethangi lokumba
Ikheji le-gerbil nezinye izinto zalo ezingaphakathi kulo kufanele zenziwe ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside isilwane esingakwazi ukuziluma.
Lezi zilwane zithanda ukumba, ngakho-ke kudingeka zinikezwe ithuba elinjalo . Ukuze wenze lokhu, iphallet igcwele hay, utshani obomile noma flooring ekhethekile, ithengwe esitolo sezilwane. Ngokufanelekile, ingxenye engezansi yeseli evaliwe kufanele ibe ijulile. Qiniseka ukuthi unikeza ukufinyelela kwamanzi nokuphakela. Indlu namathoyizi kuzonezela ukuzijabulisa kwengane.
Ungawuthola kanjani ubulili
Abesilisa abavuthiwe banezivivinyo ezakheke kahle ezingabonakala phakathi kwemilenze yangemuva yethontent. Uma kunesidingo, ungacindezela kancane esiswini - umehluko phakathi kowesifazane nowesilisa uzobonakala kakhulu.
Owesifazane unamathuba okuvuleleka okuhlobene nokuhlangana kwezitho zangasese eduze, ambalwa amamayela ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Knitting
Ukuzalwa kokuqala kwegundane kufanele kwenzeke ngaphambi kokufinyelela unyaka owodwa . Ukushada, umbhangqwana kufanele ubekwe ekhejini elihlukile. Ungangeza imbewu ye-sunflower ekudleni kwabesifazane - inani elincane lamafutha namafutha ngeke kumlimaze ngalesi sikhathi.
IGerbils ifinyelela ekukhuleni isuka emavikini ayi-10 ubudala. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-20 zokuphila, akufanele ubanciphise.
Ungayinakekela kanjani izingane ezisanda kuzalwa
Amagciwane amancane azalwa enqunu. Ngosuku lwesine, amehlo nezindlebe zivulekile. Ngosuku lwesishiyagalolunye, izingane ziyaqina futhi zikhula ngoboya. Emavikini la-2 ngemuva kwekutalwa, unganquma ubulili besilwane. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, awudingi ukuphazamisa abazali - umama nobaba bezingane ezisanda kuzalwa zijabule zigijimisa izingane. Kubalulekile ukugcina inhlanzeko futhi unikeze izilwane ezifuywayo ngokudla namanzi ahlanzekile.
Ukuqeqeshwa nemidlalo
Ama-Gerbils ngamagundane adlalayo kakhulu
IGerbils yizilwane ezinelukuluku kakhulu. Ngokusekelwe kulesi sici, kufanelekile ukwakha ukuxhumana ngesilwane esisha nokusiqeqesha.
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ufunde imidlalo yokuhlangana nesilwane, kufanele uyijwayele ngezandla zakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nikeza amasongo okudla okuningana okuhlukahlukene. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uzosondela ayeke ukwesaba. Ungenzi ukunyakaza okungazelelwe - lokhu kungesabisa isilwane.
UGerbils uyakujabulela ukudlala nomuntu. Zithanda ukusebenzisana, zigibela imikhono yazo futhi zidlule ngendlela yomhubhe.Ngokuxhumana njalo, amagundane ajwayela umnikazi futhi azimele akhwele ehlombe lakhe, lapho bejabule khona ukubuka konke okwenzekayo. Ngesikhathi somdlalo, ngezikhathi ezithile ungondla umngani.
Akunjalo, uma ungesabi noma ukhuze isilwane esinyisayo, ukuphendula lokhu, kungakuluma noma kuyeke ukusondela kumuntu.
Ungasibiza kanjani isilwane
I-gerbil ayinendaba ukuthi uyibiza kanjani - noma kunjalo, ngeke iphendule
Igama lesilwane lingaba yinoma yini. IGerbils ayiphenduli ekubizeni komuntu, ngakho-ke into esemqoka ukuthi ilungele umnikazi ukuthi abize isilwane ngesikhathi sokuxhumana nemidlalo ehlanganyelwe. Imvamisa igama lesidlaliso likhethwa ngokuya ngokubonakala kwesilwane, umbala noma usayizi waso. Izici zokuziphatha zithinta nokukhethwa kwegama. Ungabiza isilwane igama leqhawe elithandekayo lenganekwane, kukhona namagama abantu.
IGerbils ilungele ukukhetha umngani. Ababhemi, abafuni kulondolozo nokunakekelwa, abakhethi ekudleni futhi banelukuluku kakhulu. Okuwukuphela kokubucayi obukhulu isikhathi sakhe sokuphila, esingaveli ngaphezu kweminyaka emi-3.
Ahlala kuphi amagciwane?
Indawo yokuhlala ye-gerbil ihlanganisa i-Afrika, eningizimu ye-Asia isuka enhlonhlo ye-Arabian iye eHindustan naseSri Lanka, eCentral nase-Asia Ephakathi Iningi lezilwane lihlala ezindaweni ezedlulele - ogwadule nakuma-desert. Ezinye zitholakala phakathi kwamahlathi we-xerophytic savannah. Izintaba zingakhuphukela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kolwandle.