NgokukaRadik Khayrullin, ukuthola umsebenzi ophumelelayo wokuvuselela izinhlobo zezilwane zasendulo, kuyadingeka inhloso yangempela: “Ukubumba isimame ngezinhloso zesayensi kungenye into, futhi ilukuluku lokunye kungenye into. Kepha nokho kuzoba ngenye imbali enkulu, hhayi leyo eyayiphila eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-43 edlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiphambano sizoba kanye nendlovu, futhi lokhu akuyona imamam. ”

Ngokusho kwesikhungo sezindaba i-Yakutsk-Sakha, ososayensi abakwazanga nje ukuthola i-DNA egazini le-mammel eligcinwe, kodwa futhi balungiselela nezicubu ezithambile. "Besingakulindelanga imiphumela enjalo," kusho uVictoria Egorova, inhloko ye-laboratoric diagnostic diagnostic ye-Medical Clinic eNorth-Eastern Federal University. - Ukulondolozwa kwesidumbu, okungaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-43 ubudala, kungcono kunokugcinwa komuntu osezolala emhlabathini izinyanga eziyisithupha. Esiqeshini semithambo enodonga oluhle lapho kukhona igazi le-hemolized kubonakala kahle. Amaseli abomvu egazi atholakala okokuqala kuwo. Izicubu ze-Adipose nezicubu zomzimba nazo zazigcinwe kahle. Kunamaseli athuthelayo wezicubu ze-lymphoid ezibonwa kahle, nazo ezihlukile. ”

Ososayensi babiza indawo ebandayo ngesinye sezizathu zokongiwa okuhle kwesidumbu sesilwane esinyamazane esitholakala eYakutia - isidumbu salala amashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka kwi-permafrost. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona i-hypothesis yokuthi igazi le-mammoth lingase libe nezakhiwo ze-cryoprotective ezivumela izilwane ukuba zisinde emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-60 ° C.

Ososayensi babiza igazi elithi mammoth agonised, okukhombisa ukuthi ukufa kwesilwane okungajwayelekile. "Ushone esebuhlungwini, obuthatha cishe amahora ayi-16-16," kusho uRadik Khairullin. "Lokhu kufakazelwa nayisikhundla somzimba - umlenze wangemuva unwetshwa ngokungemthetho."

Ngokusho kososayensi, izilwane ezincelisayo zowesifazane zawela emgodini weqhwa, lapho zingakwazi ukuphuma khona.

Indaba yokubumbana imamony kade iwuphathe kabi umhlaba wezesayensi. Ezifundweni zaseYakut, ososayensi abavela eRussia bajoyinwa ochwepheshe abavela emazweni amahlanu: iDenmark, i-United Kingdom, i-USA, neKorea neMoldova.

Ukutholwa kososayensi baseRussia ekugcineni kungenza sikwazi ukwahlukanisa uhlobo lwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezafa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi edlule.

I-Hybrid, Hhayi iMammoth

Isayensi yesayensi iyangabaza impumelelo yokuvivinya okunjalo, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa indlovu.

"Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthola umama ofanelekile ofunwa yingane. Uma kunesimo sezilwane ezincelisayo, kungaba inkomo (efaneleke kakhulu ngokwezokuzalwa), kepha ngisho nakulesi simo, umehluko ngosayizi ungaholela ekwenqatselweni kwangaphambi kokubeletha," kusho isikhungo.

Amathuba okuphumelela ocwaningweni olunjalo aliphezulu kune-1-5%.

Isici sesibili esibalulekile ukuba khona kwamaseli onke asebenzayo. "Ukube bekukhona amaseli angenalutho ezicutshini, ngabe ngabe aqandisiwe. Kodwa-ke, uma sicabanga ukuthi kwenzekeni ngesilwane, noma ngabe sibulawa yi-hypothermia, kungathatha isikhathi ukuthi amaseli aqandeke," ososayensi.

"Noma ucabanga ukuthi iseli elilodwa kuyinkulungwane lingasebenza, kuphakama imibuzo ebonakalayo. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso kungenzeka ukuthi uthole imiphumela emihle ekubumbeni izidalwa eziphilayo endaweni eyodwa kweziyikhulu, kanti kuyisisodwa iseli elilodwa kwinkulungwane, kuzodingeka kukhishwe cishe izinkulungwane eziyikhulu amaseli, "bathi.

UCharles Foster, ongumngani eGreen Templeton College, e-Oxford, unethemba elikhulu ngamathemba wokuhlolwa.

"Umbono wokuthi kuhlanganiswe izilwane ezincelisayo awusona isiwula. Omunye umbuzo uwukuthi imibungu izoziphatha kanjani?" - Yakha izimangaliso.

Yize iningi lezimpawu zofuzo zombungu zizofika kuye ezivela ezincelisayo, ingxenye ethile izodlula iqanda lendlovu.

"Asazi ukuthi le ndaba engapheliyo ingahlala kanjani kwi-DNA engaziwa," kusho usosayensi.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngabe iphumelele, i-clone isazoba yi-hybrid, hhayi isibalo sangempela.

Ososayensi bazohlela imidondoshiya eyi-woolly giants, bese kuba ama-dinosaurs

Ososayensi eHarvard University bamemezele umhlaba wonke ukuthi bakulungele ngeminyaka emibili ukwethula emphakathini isilokazana sokuqala “esivuselelwe”. USolwazi George Church, ongomunye wabaphenyi abahola phambili kule nyuvesi ehlonishwayo, uqinisekisile abezindaba ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo zizophinde zihambe emhlabeni eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu ezayo. Ochwepheshe beHarvard basebenzela ukwakha i-hybrid mammoth umbungu kanye nendlovu yaseNdiya. Ngasikhathi sinye, njengoba uGeorge Church aqinisekisa, abasebenzi beqembu lakhe lesayensi bakwazile ukuthuthukisa indlela ethile eyingqayizivele, okumele yandise kakhulu impumelelo yale phrojekthi. Futhi maduze nje, ososayensi bazobhekana nokuvuka kwezinye izilwane ezingapheli, kufaka phakathi ama-dinosaurs, "ukuze kubuyiswe kabusha amaplanethi abo."

Kuyiqiniso elingakanani nokuthi kudingekile nhlobo, iFree Press ibuze usosayensi owaziwayo, ilungu eliphelele lomphakathi we-paleontological e-Russian Academy of Sciences, uthisha e-VGI U-Alexandra Yarkova.

"Izilwane ezincelisayo ezakha idolobha"

Kuyacaca ukuthi lokhu ngeke kube yizilwane ezincelisayo ezisesimweni "esimsulwa", kepha zizohlobo lwe-hybrid. Ngakho-ke, ososayensi bakwaHarvard basungulela lesi silwane, esingakabi semvelo, kodwa abahlose ukusungula, igama elisha: "mammophant", elihunyushwe ngokoqobo - "mamoslon." Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abasebenzi bakwaHarvard ngeke nje balime i-umbungu hybrid wokuthwala indlovu yaseNdiya, kodwa bayilime ngohlobo “lwesibeletho sokufakelwa”. Ososayensi beHarvard bahlose ukwenza lezi zimangaliso zobunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo ngokubonga ngenqubo yeCRISPR / Cas9. Ukuzama ukudala i- "mamoslon" kwaqala ngonyaka ka-2015, okwamanje, ososayensi, bakwazile ukwandisa inani lezinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezifakwe eqandeni leNdlovu lisuka ku-15 laya ku-45.

"Umbono wokuvuselelwa kwesimungumungwane awuyinto entsha." Ngakho-ke ososayensi baseMelika bazitholela izibonelelo, - isazi sezinto eziphilayo saseRussia sazwakalisa ukungabaza ngokunokwenzeka kwale projekthi. Alexander Yarkov. - Ngokomgomo kaKhoja Nasreddin ovela emzekelisweni odumile: "Kuzofa umlungu, noma imbongolo." Lokho wukuthi: bazosebenzisa imali ebabelwe, futhi uma ukuhlolwa kwehluleka iminyaka eyishumi ilandelana, wonke umuntu uyokhohlwa ngakho.

Yimiphi imiphumela emibi yesivakashi sendawo ethembisa ababhula ngezinkanyezi, abafunda i- "SP"

"SP": - Kungani ungabaza kakhulu impumelelo yale phrojekthi yesayensi?

- Ngoba abanawo umthombo womthombo - i-mammoth DNA uqobo. Iqiniso ngukuthi zonke izicubu zama-mammoth ezitholakele kuze kube manje zichithwe ngamagciwane. Isimo sezulu siguqulwe kaninginingi kusukela ukuqothulwa kwezilwane ezincelisayo: izidumbu zezilwane zincibilikile, bese ziphinda zibuye futhi. I-Permafrost yayingeyona eyaphakade. Kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde i-gene echibini lezilwane ezincelisayo ezisuselwa kunsalela etholakele engatholwa ukubola, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuyihoxisa futhi.

"SP": - Kepha esikhathini esithile esedlule, abezindaba baseRussia babika njengokuzwela kwesayensi mayelana nesilwane esikhulu esatholakala eYakutia, nesigcinwe endaweni eyiqhwa ngendlela yokuthi sakwazi ngisho nokuhlukanisa i-DNA emathanjeni ayo ...

- Yebo, kepha kunjalo. Futhi omunye umbuzo: malini le-DNA ezoba sematheni, enamandla okwakha kabusha umbungu. Futhi, kuvela ukuthi i-DNA ephelele "yomhlaba" yomhlaba njengamanje iseRussia, hhayi e-United States. AmaMammoth atholakala eNyakatho Melika, njengoba nje namahhashi ayekhona ngaphambi kokuba amaSpain afike ezwenikazi, kepha ama-mammoth kanye namahhashi aseMelika "angagunyaziwe" wokuqala ashonile eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 eyedlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-mammoths aseNyakatho Melika anyamalala ngaphambili kunezilwane ezincelisayo ezwenikazi lethu, lokhu iqiniso elingesikhathi eside lifakazelwa yisayensi. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ngokwengeziwe kososayensi baseMelika ukuthola yonke iDNA.

"SP": - Kungani izilwane ezincelisayo zafa kungazelelwe? Bathi ukudla okuvame kakhulu okungatholakalanga kutholakala esiswini sezilwane ezincelisayo ezineqhwa ...

- Abafe ngokuzumayo. Ososayensi abaluleke kakhulu namuhla bayavuma: abantu babhujiswa yizilwane ezincelisayo ngesikhathi se-Ice Age. Kwakufanele kudliwe okuthile! Yize kunobufakazi bokuthi ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasinda kusiko lethusi, kepha lokhu akusona isiqinisekiso esisodwa. Kungani bekuthole ukudla okungalungisiwe esiswini sezilwane ezincelisayo ezingazelelwe ezilahlekile, kuyaqondakala. ICro-Magnons ihlwibe imigodi emikhulu ukuze ibambe lesi mamam. Ukungena emgodini onjalo, ugcwale amanzi ngeqhwa leqhwa, imamony lisheshe limboze life, uma abazingeli bengazange bakwazi ukukuthola ngesikhathi, futhi balidle. Kwesinye isikhathi mammoths ayewa emaweni: akekho ophephile ezingozini. Kungani kukholelwa ukuthi ama-mammoths anyamalala eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 eyedlule? Mina ngokwami ​​ngibonile amathuna amakhulu amakhulu, inqwaba yamathambo abo ezindaweni zaseCro-Magnons, eziqala eminyakeni eyi-10,000 edlule. Umuntu angasho ukuthi, izilwane ezincelisayo ezakha idolobha, zinikeza ithuba lokusinda sonke isizwe. Kepha ezindaweni zokupaka izimoto, esezivele zineminyaka engama-8000 ubudala, azinawo amathambo amakhulu: asesekho, yize isiko labantu lihlale licishe lifinyelela ezingeni elifanayo - imikhonto nama-axic asilika.

“I-DNA evela emathanjeni we-dinosaur iyinganekwane”

"SP": - Uma kunzima kangaka ukuthola yonke iDNA enkulukazi, ososayensi baseMelika bangakhuluma kanjani ngamathemba abo okubumba ama-dinosaurs?

- Lokhu ngamanga, kunjalo! Ama-Dinosaurs aqothuka eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-65 edlule. Izinto ze-organic esethanjeni, okungaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu, selivele lingekho. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukwahlukanisa i-DNA emathanjeni we-dinosaur! Mina ngokwami ​​ngazitholela izinsalela zomsizi wakhe zisesimweni esihle kakhulu. Amathambo akhe ayefana kakhulu namasha, kepha lokhu akusho lutho. Zonke izinto eziphilayo emathanjeni asendulo asekhale njengamanje futhi, empeleni, aliseyona ithambo, kepha liyitshe. Ngoba babizwa ngokuthi "izinsalela."

Abashayeli benza isibikezelo sendlela abahlinzeka ngemishwalense abazolonga ngayo lapho belungisa izimoto zabo

"SP": - Kepha wena uqobo lwakho ungathanda ukushaya imamony ephilayo, bheka ama-dinosaurs epaki laseJurassic langempela?

"Impela bengizokwazi." Futhi, ihhashi le-bison ne-Przhevalsky, ebelisondele ekuqothulweni, namuhla ngandlela-thile lisindisiwe: babuyisela inani labantu. Kepha lezi kwakuyizidalwa ezinqabile eziphila namuhla. Kepha maqondana neqiniso lokuthi kuzokwazi ukubuyisa izilwane ezisabalele nge-DNA, mina njengososayensi ngiyangabaza. Kuzofanele sisindise leyo fauna eyingqayizivele esengozini esiseMhlabeni manje! Ubukeka: kuphela ngekhulu lama-20, abantu bayibhubhisa ngokuphelele impisi yaseTasmanian, inkomo yakwaSteller, nezinye izilwane eziningi ezinhle nezinyoni. Ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, amakhulu ezinto eziphilayo nazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane olwandle ziyafa. Ngokubona kwami: umsebenzi uNo 1 wokulondolozwa manje okuyiPlanethi enguMhlaba. Futhi kulokhu, ngiwuhlonipha kakhulu umsebenzi womlobi nososayensi wezemvelo uGerald Darrell, ohlele ipaki eJersey, iChannel Islands, enakekela ukunakekelwa nokuzalaniswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezingandile nezisengozini ngenhloso yokwakha izinkumbi zabantu zokwenziwa kwalezi zinhlobo. Nansi indlela okufanele siyithathe!