Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, lapho uju lwaluyisiphuzo esiyigugu eselapha izifo eziyi-100 futhi sayeka ukuguga, ukukhetha kwaso kwaphathwa ngokucophelela. Umphumela wokwelashwa uncike kwikhwalithi yawo, amaGrikhi asendulo ayekholelwa, yize ayengazi ukuthi imemori yezakhi zoju iyini.
Abaxhasi kanye nabaphikisi bemibono yenkumbulo yoju
Iqiniso elingenakuphikwa lokuthi eminye imikhiqizo inenkumbulo ayiseyona imfihlo. Ngokushesha ukukhumbula izivivinyo zamanzi, okukhombisile ukuthi ngempela "kungakhumbula." Kodwa ingabe uju unememori yezakhi zofuzo, noma ingabe ukuhamba okuhle kokumaketha?
Abaxhasi bememori yezakhi zoju banikeza le ngxabano elandelayo bexhasa imfundiso yabo: iqiniso lokuthi uju emanzini luthatha isimo sezinyosi akulona ngengozi, kodwa kunalokho, ubufakazi obunokwethenjelwa bokuba khona kwenkumbulo kulo mkhiqizo.
Abaphikisi bemibono yokuthi uju unememori ibhekisela ocwaningweni lukaBenard kanye nokwenzeka ngokomzimba okwaziwayo okwenzeka lapho uju luhlanganiswa namanzi entwasahlobo bese kuthiwa “amaseli kaBenard” akhiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, uju lungaba lwanoma yiliphi ikhwalithi (ngisho nebanga eliphansi), kepha phezu kwamanzi, impela, kuzokwazi ukuhlukanisa iphethini elifana neju lezinyosi.
Kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi babazi ngoju “lwangempela” nokuthi lwenziwa kanjani ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngakho-ke, ethuneni likaTutankhamun (ngekhulu le-XII BC. E) kutholwe isitsha esinoju, esingalahlekanga ukunambitheka kwaso.
Kuyini ukukhunjulwa kofuzo "umpetha wonkulunkulu"
Imemori yezakhi zofuzo ibizwa ngokuthi amandla kwento kanye / noma isidalwa esiphilayo ukwenza isenzo abangazange basenze empilweni yangempela, kepha ezingeni lofuzo, “ukukhumbula” kwenzeka. Imemori yezakhi zofuzo itholakala kahle ezinsaneni ezikwazi ukuhlala phezu kwamanzi, kuyilapho kungekho owamfundisa lokhu.
Abaxhasi bemibono yokuthi ujuju uyakwazi ukukhumbula, baphawula iqiniso lokuthi lo mkhiqizo, lapho uhlanganiswa namanzi, kunjengokungathi, “uzala” indawo lapho uthathwe khona - izinyosi zezinyosi.
Kuhle ukwazi: i-linden emsulwa, isifuba noma obunye uju “obumsulwa” akwenzeki ngokomthetho - lokhu nje kuyindlela yokukhangisa. Inyosi eqoqa umpe, cha, cha, futhi yebo izohlala "hhayi ezindongeni." Ngakho-ke, kuyemukelwa ngokuvamile ukuthi ukuba khona kwama-30% womunye noma omunye umpe kunikeza ilungelo lokubiza uju “igama lakhe”.
Inkumbulo yemvelo yoju
Abafuyi bezinyosi bavame ukuzama ukunikeza izincazelo ezahlukahlukene ngememori yezinyosi neyezakhi zofuzo. Eqinisweni, akukho mehluko kule miqondo. Eqinisweni, le yinto eyodwa futhi efanayo, leli gama noma lelo gama lisetshenziswa ngokuya ngomongo nendawo esetshenziswayo.
Abamele ubuchwepheshe obubili bazi kahle ukuthi ayini amaseli kaBenard: ososayensi kanye nabafuyi bezinyosi. Lesi sakamuva, sazi "ngamaseli", senza konke okusemandleni ukugcina abathengi baso sebumnyameni isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba ikhwalithi yokuthengisa incike kuyo. Iphupho labaningi bezinyosi ukuthi akufanele kube yisazi semvelo phakathi kwabathengi, okuzobalwa izimboni ezimbalwa ezizokwazi ukudalula ubuqili ngoju nangamanzi abandayo, okufakazela ukuthi inkumbulo yoju izelwe.
Ngombono obonakalayo
Iqiniso lokuthi uju “lungapenda indlu yalo” emanzini abandayo, kusetshenziswa imemori yezakhi zofuzo, alizukuphikiswa ukugxekwa okuvela emphakathini wesayensi, futhi nomqondo ovamile ngokujwayelekile. Emuva ngo-1900, usosayensi wezesayensi waseFrance uHenry Claude Benard wachaza kabanzi inqubo yezinto ezipholile, ngenxa yalokho kwakheka ama-hexagons. Le ncazelo ilula: lapho kufakwa noma yiluphi uketshezi noma i-viscous evuthayo, izingqimba zalo ezivuthayo ziyakhuphuka, bese kuthi okubandayo kubambe ongezansi, ngenxa yalokho kutholakala umhlobiso obunjwe obukhulu phansi. (Amabhubhu asendaweni ebilayo angubufakazi balokhu.)
Ukuze amaseli kaBenard akheke, uju aludingekile, uwoyela ngisho no-oyili, ngokuvamile, noma ikuphi okungama-viscous, okungamanzi okuncane, kuzokwenza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuphendukela ekushiseni into, kwanele ukwenza ukunyakaza okujikelezayo endaweni eyodwa kwemizuzwana eminingana bese ukuyeka ume.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa: emvelweni kunezimo ezivame ukwenzeka zokubonakaliswa kwamaseli weBenard, ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ebusweni bhava obandayo, amaphethini wama hexagons ajwayelekile angatholakala.
Ungawabona kanjani amaseli kaBenard
Abathengisi abaningi bezinyosi basebenzisa iqhinga ngoju nangamanzi aselivele likhulile, okucatshangelwa ukuthi likuvumela ukuthi uhlole ikhwalithi yoju, ubunjalo bayo.
Inketho eyodwa, "intwasahlobo"
Ukuqinisekisa "ubuqiniso" boju, amanzi entwasahlobo ayadingeka, ngoba inezinsimbi eziningi nosawoti kunokujwayelekile kusuka empompini. Kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa isitsha esijulile noma ipuleti cishe isigamu selitha lamanzi abandayo entwasahlobo, bese usebenzisa i-pipette ukulahla amaconsi ambalwa (elinye emva kwelinye) emanzini bese ulinda. Njengoba sesisakaze ebusweni bamanzi, uju lwakheka iphethini elithile eliphuzi, elifana ncamashi neju lezinyosi.
Inketho yesibili, elula
Kulokhu kuhlolwa, kudingeka isipuni ezingama-2-3 soju olugelezayo kanye nama-250-300 ml wamanzi abandayo. Thela phansi kwesitsha esingajulile noju, bese ufaka amanzi ngobunono, emva kwalokho kufanele uqale ukujikeleza isitsha kuqonde ngqo umzuzu. Lokhu okubizwa nge- "Benard cell" kuzoqala ukuvela sekuvele kusenkambiso yokujikeleza kwesitsha, ngoba uju luthatha isimo sezinyosi cishe ngokushesha emanzini abandayo.
Hhayi inketho edume kakhulu
Ungabona “uju lwezinyosi” phezu kwamanzi ngoju uma uthelela uju oluncane phansi kwesitsha se-aluminium bese uthela amanzi ngesilinganiso esingaba yi-1: 1, emva kwalokho ngaphandle kokuvusa, faka ukushisa okuphansi. Izendlalelo ezingezansi zizoqala ukufudumala zikhuphuke, okubandayo kuzoshesha, kuholele ekwakhekeni kwama-hexagons ejwayelekile. Kodwa lokhu akulona neze ikhubalo loju lwenyosi.
Ososayensi banikeze impendulo eqeda embuzweni wokuthi ngabe inkumbulo yezakhi zoju lwezinyosi iyinganekwane noma iqiniso. Zombili lezi zinguqulo zinelungelo lokuba khona. Futhi wonke umuntu unquma ukuthi yini okufanele ayikholelwe nokuthi yini ongayikholelwa.
Iqiniso noma inganekwane?
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlanzeka kanti ezinye zazo empeleni zibutha uju okhalweni lwazo. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana "nokuthola" okunjalo esidlekeni se-aspen endaweni ye-Ukraine, Russia, kanye nezindawo eziseduzane. Isizathu salokhu isimo sezulu esingafanele nokungabi bikho kwezinhlobo ezinjalo zezinambuzane ezingakhiqiza uju. Kuyaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi izinyosi zezinyosi zePolybiinae Occidentalis zihlala eMexico naseNingizimu Melika.
IPolybia Occidentalis iqongelela inani elithile lezinyosi okhalweni lwayo. Le mpahla enamabala aphuzi yayisetshenziswa ezikhathini zasendulo futhi njengamanje amaNdiya angamahlanga ahlala eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika. Ukubuthana nokugcinwa kwendiza kwakungeminye yemisebenzi yakudala yezizwe zamaNdiya aseMexico naseNingizimu Afrika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iPolybius indala kakhulu kangangokuba umbono wokudla uju lwabo weza kubahlali ngaphambili kakhulu kunombono wokuzalela izinyosi.
Kokunye, ngokubheka imininingwane yezinambuzane njengezinhlobo, awukwazi ukulinda uju kuzo, ngoba zilunikeza ngokwanele ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele ukulindele kusuka kubahlali abajwayelekile bezingadi ezindiza ngaphezu kwama-expanses ethu endabuko. I-“plaque” yezinyosi noma “isifutho” esidlekeni sazo kungumphumela wokuqoqa umpe. Baqoqa umucu omncane kunezinyosi, ikakhulukazi bazidla nje hhayi abazivuni. Kepha iPolybius ithengela ukudla ikusasa, yingakho izinqolobane zoju zalolu hlobo ziningi.
Uju lwe-Wasp empeleni luyi-mnene eminyene kakhulu. Kepha ama-enzyme anikeza ubumnandi bawo kwizinyosi, awakhuli. Ngale ndlela, izinyosi zikhulumisana “ngolimi” oluhlukile ngaphakathi kohlaka lwenethiwekhi ethile ye-neural. Kepha iminyovu ayenzi into enjengale, futhi isezingeni lokuthuthuka i-oda lobukhulu elingaphansi kwezihlobo ezisebenza kanzima. Ngakho-ke, umqondo wokuthi "i-honey wasp" kanjalo kumaSlav awuzange ubekhona kuze kube yilapho kwenziwa ucwaningo oluthe xaxa lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane.
Badlala yiphi indima?
Naphezu kokungasebenzi kovosi, iminyovu iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yezilwane zemvelo. Basebenzisa izibungu zezinambuzane ukondla izingane zabo. Ngakho-ke, izinambuzane ziyagwaza futhi zingathandwa ngabaningi zenza isenzo esihle ngengadi nezitshalo ezitshaliwe. Isibonelo, umgodi wokumba noma ubumba uyisitha esibi kakhulu sebhere nezibungu zazo. Ukuze kuhehwe lokhu okulandelanayo engadini, abalimi bafaka ngisho nezitshalo eziqhakazayo ezizungeze umngcele wensimu.
Imfucumfucu yezinhlobo ze-Amorphilla nayo iyasebenziseka - ibulala ngentshiseko amacimbi ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udonga, i-nosy, iphepha nezihlahla ezinamakhanda amakhulu kuhlanza ngokuphelele ingadi yama-grinders, amabhungane amaqabunga, izimpukane, amasicadas namabhungane. Njengoba ubona, inambuzane eyingozi izuzisa imvelo, isivuno, futhi, ngakho-ke, inika umuntu izinzuzo eziningi.
Vele, lezi zidalwa zenza umsebenzi wokuvundisa mubi kakhulu kunezinyosi, ngoba umsebenzi wazo wemvelo uhlukile. Kepha ukulunywa, wonke umuntu wesabe ukwedlula izinyosi, empeleni akuyona ingozi. Ngezinga lokusongela kubantu, ukulunywa yizimpondo kwakungekude nokugwinya kwenyosi. Ubuthi be-Hornet busabonisa umphumela we-tonic, ngakho-ke ungesabi kakhulu uma i-wasp isuma. Inani eliyingozi lokulimala kumuntu lifinyelela ku-20.
Inkolelo-ze 1: imikhiqizo yezinyosi ingama-allergener aqinile.
Kuyo yonke imikhiqizo yezinyosi, ukwesaba okukhulu uluju, oluthathwa ngokungafanele njenge-allergen enamandla. Eqinisweni, i-allergy ngqo noju ingenzeka kumayunithi abathandi beli phunga. Isizathu sokuphendula kwalomkhiqizo imvamisa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kenyosi yezinyosi, noma kunalokho, ukuqina kwaso. Ukusabela kwe-allergic kungenzeka uma kukhona ushukela womhlanga, umuthi wezinyosi, ukungcola kwebhayoloji nokutholakala kwamakhemikhali kuwo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kukhombisa uju olungamanga.
Ukungezwani komzimba okuvela ekusebenziseni uju wemvelo akucasukanga ngumkhiqizo uqobo, kodwa ngempova equkethwe kuwo, ngakho-ke, ezimweni eziningi, abantu abahlaselwa umkhuhlane we-hay bayaphulwa. Kodwa-ke, leli qiniso alisebenzi kuwo wonke umuntu, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukufaka inani elincane loju endaweni encane yesikhumba ukuze uhlole bese ulinda isikhashana. Uma ukusabela okucasulayo kungazivezi nganoma iyiphi indlela, ungaqala ukusebenzisa uju kancane, kancane kancane ukhuphule umthamo ngaphakathi kwesimo esivumelekile sansuku zonke.
Inyosi impova, okuwukuthi, impova yezimbali iphathwa nge-enzyme yezinyosi, iba cishe ayinabungozi kubagula ngenxa yenkqubo yokuvutshelwa. Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa okwengeziwe yizinyosi kanye nenqubo ye-lactic acid Fermentation, lapho impova iguqulwa ibe yisinkwa sezinyosi, umkhiqizo wezinyosi uba yi-hypoallergenic. Imvamisa azibangeli ukusabela komzimba kanye nemikhiqizo yezinyosi enje ngejelly yasebukhosini, i-drone homogenate, i-bee subpestilence, i-tincture ye-wax moth. Okuhlukile kuyipropolis nemikhiqizo esekwe kuyo, kepha ukungahambi kahle kule glue yezinyosi akuvamile kunompova ofanayo. Kubalulekile ngaphambi kokuqala inkambo ephelele yokuthatha umkhiqizo othile wezinyosi ukwenza isivivinyo esincane sokwaliwa ngokomthetho ochazwe ngenhla, noma umane uqale uthathe imithamo emincane.
Inganekwane 2: imikhiqizo yezinyosi isheshe ilahlekelwe yizinto zayo ezizuzisayo ngemuva kokususwa esidlekeni.
Njengasezinganekwaneni eziningi, le mbono inengxenye yayo yeqiniso. Imikhiqizo eminingi yezinyosi iqala ukulahlekelwa inani layo ngaphandle kwemvelo yesidleke. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngejelly yasebukhosini, okunzima kakhulu hhayi ukuqoqa kuphela, kodwa futhi nokugcina ngendlela yokuthi kulondolozwe iningi lezakhiwo ezizuzisayo. Imikhiqizo yezinyosi imvamisa iyathandeka ngezimo zemvelo, ngakho-ke izinto ezinjengalezi zingathinta ikhwalithi yazo:
- ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo
- umswakama ophezulu
- izinga lokushisa komoya,
- ukusatshalaliswa komoya okuphambene, njll.
Abafuyi bezinyosi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bathole isikhathi eside izimo ezifanele zokugcina ngokuhlukile komkhiqizo ngamunye wezinyosi. Ukuhambisana nalezi zindinganiso kukuvumela ukuthi ugcine iningi lezakhiwo zokwelapha zeminyaka engu-1-2 noma ngaphezulu, kuya ngomkhiqizo.
Inganekwane 3: imikhiqizo yezinyosi ingumphumela wokusebenza kwezinyosi
Kujwayelekile ukuthi izinyosi ezisebenzayo zikhiqize inani lemikhiqizo yezinyosi ezidlula kakhulu izidingo zazo. "Ukubuthwa" okunjalo kufakwa ezinambuzaneni ngezinga lemvelo ngokwemvelo uqobo. Ngakho-ke, kuzoba okungalungile ukusho ukuthi abafuyi bezinyosi bamane basebenzise izinyosi. Akekho noyinyathi olulodwa ozosusa ngokweqile kusuka kwizinyosi. Yebo, kusobala, akubona bonke abafuyi bezinyosi abaqondiswa izimiso zokuziphatha nokukhathazeka ngezinyosi nje ngokuthi izidalwa eziphilayo, kepha futhi labo bafuyi bezinyosi abaphishekela izinzuzo zezinto ezibonakalayo bodwa baphoqelelwa ukuba babheke izimo zokuphila esidlekeni, baneqhaza emsebenzini obalulekile wezinyosi. Uma, ngokwesibonelo, uthatha okungaphezulu kwesilinganiso esivumelekile soju lwezinyosi, abakhileyo bezinyosi zezinyosi ngeke basinde ebusika. Ngeke kube yinzuzo kunoma yimuphi umqashi wezinyosi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu yezinyosi ibizomane ichithwe nje uma abafuyi bezinyosi bengazitholi izilimo zezinyosi. Isibonelo, izinyosi zilahlekelwa enye impova yezinyosi eqoqwe, izama ukungena ngakwimifantu emincane yokungena esidlekeni. Ngenxa yokubonga abafuyi bezinyosi kanye nabaqoqi babo bothuli, lokhu kusala kuyathengiswa futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe abathengi ukwelashwa nokuvinjwa.
Inkolelo-ze 4: imikhiqizo yezinyosi ingathengwa kuphela ngamaphinifa.
Kuyiqiniso, kuhle ukuthenga imikhiqizo yezinyosi ngqo endaweni yezidleke zezinyosi, unethuba lokukhuluma nomgcini wezinyosi bese umbuza yonke imibuzo yakho, kepha ngisho kulokhu, kungcono ukuthenga imikhiqizo kubathengi bezinyosi abathembekile, omaziyo wena uqobo futhi ongalwela ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo. Kwezinye izimo, awunakuqiniseka ngobunjalo bemikhiqizo ethengiwe. Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi, kungcono ukuthenga imikhiqizo yezinyosi ezitolo ezikhethekile ezinganikeza izivakashi zazo zonke iziphetho zokuhlanzeka zokuhlanzeka nobhubhisayo nezitifiketi zokuhambisana.
Inkolelo-ze 5: imikhiqizo yezinyosi yimithi
Imikhiqizo yezinyosi inezindawo eziningi zokuphilisa, ngakho-ke imvamisa ibonwa njengenye indlela yemithi. Ngaphandle kokusebenza okufakazelwe kwemikhiqizo yezinyosi ekwelapheni izifo ezahlukahlukene, zibhekwa njengokudla okusebenzayo, okungukuthi, imikhiqizo ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuhleliwe kuphulukisa umzimba futhi kunciphise nengozi yokuthola izifo. Imikhiqizo yezinyosi isebenza ngokuphelele emzimbeni, yenze kube lula ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba futhi kuthinte nezinzuzo amasistimu angaphakathi omzimba. Ngezinhloso zokwelashwa, kunconyelwa ukuthi uhlanganise ukwamukela izidakamizwa zamakhemikhali ezinikezwe ngudokotela wakho kanye nemikhiqizo yezinyosi. Ukwelashwa okunjalo kuzokusheshisa kakhulu ukululama kwakho futhi kukusize ululame ngemuva kokuthatha umuthi.
Ingabe iminyovu yenza uju? Izici zempilo yezinambuzane
Imfucumfucu nezinyosi yizihlobo eziseduzane, ngoba zingokwesigcawu sezinambuzane ezinesiqu. Zombili lezi zinhlobo zinombala omnyama nophuzi nokuqina. Ziyafana nasendleleni yokuphila: zondla umpe nojusi wezithelo ezimnandi, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvinjelweni kwezitshalo. Ngokwemvelo, abanye abantu banombuzo: ingabe ama-wasps enza uju njengezinyosi?
Ingabe i-wasp ingakwazi ukwenza uju?
Imfucumfucu ifaka okungenani imindeni eyi-11 yezinambuzane ezinamabala. Zizinze emhlabeni wonke.Impendulo yombuzo, ukuthi ngabe iminyovu inika uju, kuzoba kuphela ngokwengxenye kwi-affirmative. Ngempela, ezinye zezinhlobo zikhiqiza umkhiqizo okude nawo, ohlukile kwenyosi ezihlala kuwo wonke umuntu.
Imfucumfucu ekwazi ukukhiqiza uju ihlala emazweni ashisayo. Ngakho-ke, izinkabi zabantu abahlala endaweni yaseRussia, i-Ukraine, i-Belarus kanye namanye amazwe angomakhelwane ayinandaba nale ndiza.
Imvuthu iqoqa umpe omncane kakhulu. Ubungako bawo banele ukondla kuphela abantu abasebenza okhalweni, futhi asikho isidingo sokukhuluma ngamasheya amakhulu oju. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akulona uju kanjalo. Izici ezihlelekile zezindlala ze-pharyngeal ze-wasp, ngokungafani nezinyosi, azihlinzeki ngokukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme akhethekile, ngenxa yalokho ukuguqulwa kompe kube lo mkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu ngenqubo yamakhemikhali.
Ugwayi kanyosi
Isayensi yazi mayelana nezinhlobo ezimbili zeminyovu ekwazi ukukhiqiza inani eliningi loju olunentshisekelo yezomnotho:
- IPolybia Occidentalis evela emndenini weVespidae. Ihlala eMexico, amanye amazwe aseCentral naseNingizimu Melika. Ikhiqiza uju oluningi kunezinye izinhlobo zomsipha, idala izinqolobane okhalweni. Kuliqiniso, kubukeka ngathi umpe. Kuyadingeka ekuondleni kwabantu abadala kanye nezibungu zePolybia Occidentalis ohlelweni lokuthuthuka. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izizwe zasendaweni zamaNdiya zazibandakanyeka emisebenzini eshisayo emahlathini ashisayo ukujabulela loluju. Lokhu kungumsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi oyingozi, ngoba iminyovu yezinyosi ivikela ngesihluku imichilo yazo ekuhlaselweni.
- I-Brachygastra lecheguana, noma i-wasp yezinyosi zaseMexico (ezincwadini zesiNgisi - iSpanishi Wasp yaseMexico). Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala buyi-1 cm. Bakha izidleke zamaphepha emqheleni wezihlahla, kuyilapho ububanzi bezinhla bufika ku-0.5 m. Ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa kwanele iminyovu ayi-10. Naphezu kwegama, abahlali eMexico kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemazweni aseNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi eBrazil. Abantu bendawo abahlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya kwesinye isikhathi basebenzisa uju lwabo ekudleni. Hluka kumaju lezinyosi ezingezona ezejwayelekile.
Izidleke zephepha zenziwa ngephepha elikhiqizwa yizinambuzane ngokwazo. Kulokhu, iminyovu yokuhlafunwa isuka, ngamathe ngamathe ayo anezinto ezinamathelayo.
Yonke iminyovu yezinyosi iyizidalwa ezindala ezivela endaweni yokubuka ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. Zisezingeni eliphansi lokuthuthuka kunezinyosi. Ukuqoqwa koju lwabo yizizwe zasekhaya zaseMdabu yaseMelika bekulokhu kwaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo njengohlobo lwasendulo lokubutha kanye nomanduleli wokuhambahamba ngomqondo wanamuhla. Kepha kuze kube namuhla emahlathini aseMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika ungathola abantu abakwaziyo ukunambitheka kothando lwezinyosi.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi udle izinyosi zelepele?
Uju lwe-Wasp luyingxube yempova ne-nectar enokuqina okungaguquki okunambitheka kamnandi futhi kunephunga elimnandi lezimbali. Lezi zinambuzane, njengezinyosi, zithutha izitshalo eziqhakaza izimbali, zikhetha lezo ezingatholakali kude esidlekeni. Ngakho-ke, ukunambitheka kwezinyosi kusuka esidlekeni ngasinye kungabhekwa njengabantu ngabanye.
Uju lwe-Wasp lunomsoco impela, ngoba luqukethe izakhi zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Kodwa ngokubaluleka kwayo, ngokungangabazeki ilahlekelwa inyosi, ngoba ekwakhiweni kwayo akukho ama-enzyme akhethekile. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinto, uju luphulukana ngokushesha nezimpawu zalo ezinhle: i-ductility iyanyamalala bese inqubo yokuqalisa ikristali iqala. Kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, kufanelekile ukudliwa.
Umuntu ojwayele uju lwezinyosi ngokushesha uzozwa umehluko nge-wasp. Umkhiqizo ufana nompe oqoqwe kusuka ezitshalweni zezimbali ezizungezile.
Ngabe yini enye iminyovu eyenzelwe?
Ukuthola ukuthi ngubani owakha uju - izinyosi noma iminyovu, umuntu akufanele acabangele okwedlule njengezidalwa ezingenamsebenzi. Njengabameli abaningi bezilwane, babamba iqhaza ezinqubweni ezibalulekile zemvelo, besiza ukugcina ibhalansi yemvelo nobumbano emhlabeni.
Izinzuzo ze-wasp yilezi:
- Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane. Amahlumela okulimaza udla izibungu zezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, kufaka izinkuni nezolimo. Isibonelo, udoti wobumba luyisitha esibi kakhulu sebhere, esidala ukulimala okungenakulungiswa. Abalimi abanolwazi ngokukhethekile batshala izitshalo eziqhakazayo nezihlahla ezindaweni ezizungeze umngcele ukuheha lezi zinambuzane ezimnyama neziphuzi.
- Ama-amorphous wasps ngamanani amakhulu aqothula izibungu.
- Ezinye izinhlobo (i-nosy, iphepha, njll) zibhubhisa zonke izinhlobo zamabhungane, kufaka phakathi ama-grinders, izimpukane, i-cicadas.
- Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamaphayiphi ezilwaneni zasendle ukungcola kwezitshalo lapho izinambuzane ziqoqa umpe omnandi.
Abantu abayithandi iminyovu ngenxa yokulimala okulimazayo okubangela ukuvuvukala nokubomvu kwesikhumba nezicubu. Ubuthi babo buqhathaniswa nobuthi obunobuthi bezinyosi, futhi ukulunywa izikhathi ezingama-20 ngesikhathi esifushane kubeka ingozi empilweni. Kepha lezi zinambuzane azivamile ukuhlasela abantu ngokwabo. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi uma kubeka usongo esidlekeni, kugagasi izingalo noma kuthinte imfumba. Ngokulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezilula, ungazivikela ekulimaleni okungathandeki.
Ingabe iminyovu inika uju
Impendulo enhle yalo mbuzo kungenzeka kuphela maqondana nezinambuzane zezinhlobo ezi-2 ezihlala emazweni aseNingizimu Melika, e-Argentina naseMexico:
- I-Polybia Occidentalis (Polybiinae Occ> Polybiinae Occidentalis.
Abakhiqizi uju kuphela, kepha futhi bavuna ubusika, yize izindawo zabo zokugcina zinqabile kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nenyosi. Umkhiqizo oqoqiwe awanele ngokwanele ukondla wonke amalungu omndeni.
Uma izinyosi zikhiqiza ama-kilogram angama-15-17 wezinto ezinhle ngesizini, khona-ke iminyovu ayikwazi ukuqoqa ngisho namakhilogremu.
Iminyovu yezinyosi zaseMexico yenza izidleke ephepheni, ezitholakala ngokhuni futhi iluphathe ngamathe anamathela. Izindawo abahlala kuzo (imvamisa zitholakala phakathi kwezihlahla zikawolintshi) zingafinyelela isigamu semitha. Bona, njengezinyosi, benza izinyosi zezinyosi, kodwa hhayi kusuka ku-wax, ngoba abakwazi ukukhiqiza into enjalo.
Izinyosi zezinyosi, njengezinyosi, zinesikhundla. Banesibeletho, izinambuzane ezisebenzayo, amaqhawe nama-drones. Kepha ekukhuleni kwabo, baphansi kakhulu kwezihlobo.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthola uju olunjalo eRussia
E-Russia nakwamanye amazwe angomakhelwane, lezi zinambuzane azihlanganyeli ekuqoqweni kwezinyosi. Lesi simo sichazwa ngokuntuleka kwezinhlobo zoju, ezihambisana nesimo sezulu esingafanele kubo (esinzima kakhulu futhi nesithwathwa).
Imfucuza yasekhaya ingalimaza izidleke zezinyosi kuphela futhi idle nezinto ezikulungiselele. Kuliqiniso, odongeni lwezindlu zezinambuzane ezimthende, ngesinye isikhathi ungabona ungqimba lwendikimba (ibizwa ngokuthi "isifutho"), isisindo saso esingafinyelela kumagremu angama-20-30 ezimweni ezingandile kakhulu.
Kepha umkhiqizo onjalo uyakheka nje. Iqiniso ngukuthi iminyovu, idla ujusi wemifino, iqongelela impova nompe emilenzeni yayo, ethwalwa esidlekeni. Akudingekile ukulungiselela izinto zobusika nezinambuzane, ngoba lapho kuqala ukubanda okuphikisayo ziwela opopweni abamisiwe.
Ngakho-ke, akufanele uzale iminyovu noma uzame ukonakalisa izidleke zazo ngoju. Ngeke kwenzeke ukuthola umkhiqizo olusizo, kepha kunengozi enkulu yokulimala, ngoba izinambuzane zinolaka kakhulu.
Kungani uju olunjalo lumangalisa
Imikhiqizo ye-Aspen neyezinyosi ihluke ngezimpawu eziyisisekelo: ubungako, ikhwalithi, ukunambitheka nezakhiwo ezizuzisayo.
Uju olwenziwe iminyovu lumnyama, luyabonakala futhi luwugqinsi kakhulu. Kukhipha iphunga lezimbali elimnandi. Ukunambitheka kumnandi futhi kushubile, kepha kufana nompe. Izici zokunambitha ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngokuthi yiziphi izitshalo eziqoqwe impova.
Ukwakheka kwamaswidi kufaka i-sucrose, i-fructose, amaprotheni, izakhi zamaminerali (ikakhulukazi i-calcium) nempova engafinyeleleki. Akunama-enzyme emkhiqizweni we-aspen, ngoba lezi zinambuzane zingenazo izindlala ezifana nezinyosi. Ngakho-ke, uju luphulukana ngokushesha nokubonakala kanye nama-crystallize.
Yize umkhiqizo oqoqwe yi-wasps ulungele ukudla futhi unomsoco impela, awubalulekile kakhulu empilweni yabantu futhi awusetshenziswa emithini yabantu, njengoba ukhiqizwa ngenani elincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uju litholakala impova yezitshalo ezinobuthi, khona-ke kungadala ubuthi obukhulu.
Ingabe ama-Wasps Ayasiza?
Naphezu kokuhluleka ukwenza uju, izinambuzane ezinemigqa zidlala indima ebalulekile emvelweni:
- Okokuqala, izitshalo zokwenza impova. Yize iminyovu yenza lo msebenzi mubi kakhulu kwizinyosi, aziwunqisi ngisho nangaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, lapho izinyosi zifihla phakathi okhalweni.
- Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile ukubhujiswa kwezinambuzane. Ukuhlanzeka komhlaba kudla ibhere nezibungu zazo, abamele izinhlobo ze-Amorphillus - amacimbi, izimpukane, amakhokho, amabhungane amaqabunga, ama-grinders, kanye ne-Spilomena troglodytes - ama-thrips. Ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinambuzane, yize zizondla ngokudla kwezitshalo, zondla izibungu ezinambuzaneni.
Abantu abaningi bayasaba ukulunywa yizimpondo. Lezi zinambuzane ziyaziwa ukuthi zinolaka olukhulu kunezinyosi. Kepha ngamanani amancane (ngaphansi kwama-20) ukulunywa kunomthelela wethoni emzimbeni. Vele, uma kungekho ukusabela komzimba.
Kepha ubuthi bompompo baseBrazil buwusizo ngokukhethekile. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ngenxa yobukhona be-protein eyingqayizivele, uyakwazi ukubhubhisa amaseli womdlavuza ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwalawo anempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani nezinyosi ezithi, lapho zilunywa, ziphelelwe yisifo futhi zife, inani lokushaywa kwe-wasp alinamkhawulo.
Hlanza uju
Izinambuzane ezimthende zingamalungu omndeni ofanayo nezinyosi - i-hymenopteran. Abantu abaningi banesithakazelo kulo mbuzo: iminyovu iqoqa uju noma cha, ingabe iminyovu iqoqa umpe, noma izinhlobo ezithile zezinambuzane zingakwenza lokhu? Kuyaziwa ukuthi eMelika Ephakathi nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika, abantu bazibandakanye kulinywe lwabo ukuze bathole uju lwezinyosi. Iqiniso ngukuthi abantu abadala, njengezinyosi, badla izimbali ezingumpe nasema-pollinate. Kungakho bekwazi nokwakha uju. Umkhiqizo we-wasp wehlukile kumkhiqizo wezinyosi ezakhiweni zawo ezizuzisayo, ukunambitheka, ikhwalithi nobungako.
Ukuvumelana kju lwezinyosi kuyinto eminyene kakhulu, ebonakalayo, ngokususelwa ekubunjweni kwephole. Ukuhogela kuhle. Uma uqhathanisa nenyosi, eyakhiwa ngamanani amakhulu, lo mkhiqizo mncane kakhulu. Ine-alkho i-enzyme ewusizo, kuyilapho kunoshukela omningi namaprotheni kuyo. Futhi ekwakhiweni kwayo kukhona i-calcium namaminerali. Sekukonke, i-honeypp ayibalulekanga kangako emzimbeni womuntu.
Ingabe inyosi yezinyosi
Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi iminyovu yenza uluju yini, abaningi bayophendula ngokuthi “cha,” kodwa akuyona yonke into elula. Uhlobo lwe-wasp olukwazi ukukhiqiza ubumnandi lubizwa ngePolybia Occidentalis. Abazakhiqizi nje umkhiqizo omnandi, kodwa futhi bawuqongelela futhi basebenzela ukubekelela ubusika. Abantu abadala kuphela abakha uju. Ijusi yemifino evuthiwe nezithelo, umpe wezimbali ufakiwe ekudleni kwabo. Ama-lava adla ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwamaprotheni. Abazali bathola izinambuzane ezincane, izicabucabu, izimpukane ngisho nezinyosi kubo.
Qaphela! Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ama-waster kungenzeka ukuthi adle ukwelashwa, kunokuba adale. Imindeni yonke ihlasela izinyosi, yonakalisa amasheya ayo kuleyo “nto” yokuhlasela. Bahudula izinyosi ezibanjiwe ziye esidlekeni sabo bese bezondla bona. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, azithathi uju, ngakho-ke, azikho lapho kuhlala khona i-aspen.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ungqimba oluncane loju lwezinyosi luqamba ezindongeni zesifuba nasemakhondweni amaseli ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ama-wasps awazihluphi ngokudala umkhiqizo omnandi ngokuqondile. Amafomu esigaxa soshukela ngokwawo, imvamisa ngemuva kokuba isinambuzane sithande impova yaso imbali. Kuyavela ukuthi impendulo yombuzo, iminyovu yenza uju noma cha, manje sekucacile: cha, ayenzi. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, omunye umbuzo, ukuthi ngabe kukhona uju lwezimpondo, unelungelo lokuthola impendulo eqinisekisiwe: yebo, iyenzeka.
Ngabe ukunambitheka kwezinyosi kunjani?
Lo mkhiqizo uyi-nectar eyodwa yempova. Iqongelela ezinhlosi zezinyosi zeposi. Umkhiqizo unephunga elimnandi kakhulu, unephunga elimnandi, kepha ukhala ngokushesha okukhulu kunenyosi.
Lapho zifuna izimbali, izinambuzane zindiza kule ndawo futhi ziyihlola ngokucophelela. Iqiniso ngukuthi iminyovu, njengezinyosi, izama ukuqoqa umpe kusuka kulezo zitshalo eziseduze nesidleke sazo ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngalesi sizathu, ukunambitheka komkhiqizo kuncike kakhulu ekutheni yiziphi izitshalo ezitholakala eduze kwophondo lwenkamba.
Sesha uju esidlekeni se-aspen eRussia
AmaSlavic nabanye abantu abahlala eRussia abakaze babe nento enjengokuthi “uju lwezinyosi”. Le nkulumo isetshenziswe ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, futhi yabuye yasetshenziswa njengegama lophuzo oludakayo olwenziwe ngesisekelo somkhiqizo wenyosi.
Qaphela! Isimo sezulu esibi saseRussia, kanye nesimo sezulu sakwamanye amazwe aseduze neRussia, asizilungele izinhlobo zezinyosi zoju. Futhi ngisho nangaphezulu, lapha akekho owenza umsebenzi wokutshala lezi zinambuzane ukuze kukhishwe umkhiqizo omnandi.
Ezandleni zomsipha ojwayelekile, ungabona ungqimba oluncane lompe olunqwabelene ezindongeni zokuhlala. Lokhu akulutho kodwa umphumela wezinambuzane eziqoqa imbali nezithelo zezithelo. Kodwa-ke, isisindo semvelo yokugcina imincane sincane kakhulu, futhi ezimeni ezihlukile kuphela esingafinyelela ku-20-30 g. Lo ungqimba, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lwakhiwa ngamathuba, ngenxa yokuthi izinambuzane, ziqoqa impova nompe ukuze zizisebenzisele zona, zilethe izinhlayiya zazo ungene ngqo esidlekeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umpe unqwabelana ezindongeni zesidleke futhi uvuze umkhiqizo ofanayo.
Bumblebee uju
Ingabe iminyovu nezimbungulu zinika uju, njengezinyosi? Kepha okokuqala, khona-ke konke kucacile kubo. Izimbungulu ziqoqa umpe wezimbali futhi, ngenxa yokucutshungulwa kwawo, zenza uju. Njengoba izinambuzane zingafaki ezokulondolozwa ngobuningi, inani lobumnandi lincane. Injongo eyinhloko yompetha we-bumblebee ukondla izibungu nokugcina izinqubo ezibalulekile zalo lonke isidleke.
Ebantwini, lo mkhiqizo ulusizo kakhulu, ngoba ubukhulu bawo bulinganiselwe, futhi izinzuzo zomzimba azinakuphikwa. Uju lweBumblebee luwumkhiqizo obiza kakhulu futhi ongandile.
Bambalwa abantu abazibandakanye ekukhishweni kwayo, ngakho-ke kunamanga kakhulu ukuthola umthengisi. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthenga lo mkhiqizo, kungenziwa nge-Intanethi.
Umkhiqizo ubonakala ngezakhiwo ezilandelayo:
- ukungaguquguquki koketshezi kwenza kubonakale ngathi isiraphu,
- amandla adonsekile oju aphansi kakhulu,
- iqukethe impova ehlukahlukene (kufaka phakathi izitshalo ezinjenge-Purpurea Purpurea kanye ne-clover ebomvu),
- Izinyosi zinesimo esingajwayelekile, ngokubukeka zifana nejugs (ngenkathi umthamo wazo uphansi kakhulu kunenani lezinyosi zezinyosi).
Inani elincane loju lubangelwa isikhathi esifushane sokuphila kwalezi zinambuzane. Azidingi ukuthuthukisa nokufaka umkhiqizo ngenani elikhulu.
Qaphela! Ngokungafani neminyovu, ama-bumblebees aqoqa impova ngamabomu uma kungenzeki ukuthola inani elifunekayo lejusi ngqo kusuka ezimbalini.
Uju lwenyosi
Ngabe ama-hornets anika uju? Cha, ngoba lezi zinambuzane zingamarhamncwa, futhi azivezi uju, njengeminyovu nje, yize ezinye zinazo. Umkhiqizo wezimbali, njengomphumela womsebenzi obalulekile walezi zinambuzane, unqwabelana ezinkalweni futhi, ukuvuthwa, kuyafana noju olujwayelekile, lwakudala. Ingadliwa, inambitheka impela, futhi, ngezinga elithile, inempilo. Kepha kuncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke akufanelekile ukuba uchithe isikhathi ngemali ekhokhwayo.
Ngemuva kokuthola ukuthi ngabe iminyovu inoluju nokuthi ithanda ini, ungazibekela umgomo futhi uthole ukwelashwa okungajwayelekile.
Imvuthu yenza uju noma cha
Imidumba, njengezinyosi, ingeyomndeni owodwa. Abantu abadala nabo badla umpe, izimbali zempova, ngakho-ke kuphakama umbuzo - ingabe bayalwenza uju? Endaweni yakithi, akekho nozwile ukuthi bakhulisa umndeni onemizila ukuze bazizuzele bona. Kodwa-ke, emazweni ase-Afrika naseMelika Ephakathi, kwezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, lokho kuhlala kuyinto ethile. Uju lwe-Wasp luhlukile kuju lwezinyosi ngekhwalithi, inani, nezakhiwo ezizuzisayo.
Izici zokuphila
Ukuthola ukuthi ngabe iminyovu yenza uju, okokuqala kufanele uthole ukuthi bayaludinga.Ezimweni eziningi, sikhuluma ngabantu abadala. Abantu abadala badla umpe, ujusi wemifino esevuthiwe, izithelo, kepha izibungu bathola ukudla kwamaprotheni - izicabucabu, izimpukane, izinambuzane ezincane, izinyosi.
Iminyovu yoju ithanda ukudla, kepha hhayi ukuyenza. Imindeni eminingi ihlasela izinyosi, ichithe ngokuphelele amasheya ngasikhathi sinye, “iziboshwa” ziyadonswa ukondla izibungu zazo. Abaluhuduli uju esidlekeni, ngakho-ke, abukho uju emaceleni alo.
Kodwa-ke, ungqimba oluncane lwesisindo olunamathelayo olufana nomkhiqizo wezinyosi luqongelela ezindongeni zeseli. Futhi, umbuzo uwukuthi - iminyovu yenza uju noma cha. Izinambuzane azizithwali ngokwalo msebenzi, lolu phawu luphumela lodwa, ngemuva kokuba isinambuzane sisezimbali, imikhosi yemibungu.
Emazweni aseMelika, e-Afrika, kunemindeni eminingana yokuhlanzeka kwezenhlalo eqoqa uju futhi ikwenze. Kepha hhayi ngobuningi obukhulu bezinyosi ezijwayelekile, kepha kuphela ukuze zizondle ebusika. Ukusho ukuthi iminyovu ayenzi uju nakho akulungile.
Okubalulekile iqiniso lokuthi iminyovu yendawo yakithi ingabusika ebusika. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, bashiya isidleke, bahlakaze ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni ziyehla, izinambuzane ziba kancane, zibe sengozini. Ingxenye eyodwa ifa izitha zemvelo, enye ibulawa amakhaza. Abesifazane abancane kuphela abavundiswa abasala ubusika, ogama labo liyoqhubeka entwasahlobo. Ebusika, izinambuzane ziwela opopayi abasamisiwe - zimane zilale, zingadingi ukudla.
Izici zoju lwezinyosi
Uma ingane yobudala besikole samabanga aphansi ibuzwa umbuzo - ingabe izinyosi noma iminyovu yenza uju, ngokuqinisekile izokhetha eyokuqala. Lokhu kuzoba ngokulungile, ngoba iminyovu noju lwethu kungumqondo ongahambisani. Emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo, izingane zizophendula ngendlela ehlukile, ngoba ama-Aborigine endawo aze acekele phansi ngqo isidleke ukuze athole ama-goodies.
Izinyosi zezinyosi zohlobo lwePolybius Occidentalis zingakhiqiza, ziqongelele uju, kanye nesitoko emicu yezinyosi zobusika. Kodwa-ke, abakwazi ukunikeza ngenani elikhulu njengezinyosi. Badinga umkhiqizo ukuze bangafi yindlala ebusika.
Uju lwasp lubukhulu, luyabonakala, alunakubunjwa, kepha lunuka kamnandi. Iningi lokuqanjwa lingumbala. Azikho ama-enzyme awusizo abantu abajwayele kuzo - inani elikhulu lamaprotheni, ushukela. Awunambitheki kamnandi njengenyosi. Ukuzala umndeni wama-Hornet ngenhloso yokuthola uju, akunangqondo. Abakwa-Aborigine bendawo kuphela abafuna ama-wasps, abhubhisa izidleke, futhi bathathe umkhiqizo wabo wokungcola.
Izinyosi zezinhlobo zohlobo lwePolybius Occidentalis
Zuza
Izinambuzane azakhiqizi uju, kodwa ziyakwazi ukuletha usizo oluningi kubantu ngemisebenzi yabo yempilo.
Indima ebalulekile idlalwa ngumndeni wama-Hornet, ichitha inani elikhulu lezinambuzane eziyingozi, umuntu alwa nazo ezingenacala. Uma itholakala ekhoneni lengadi, ungathinti. Imidlwane ibulala izimpukane, izicabucabu, izibungu, izinambuzane ezincane, izinambuzane ezinkulu. Bhekana ngokukhululekile nebhele, i-Khrushch nezibungu zalo, ama-bronzes.
Iminyovu eminingi eyodwa ibekela amaqanda emzimbeni wezibungu zebhungane elikhulu, isicabucabu. Emahoreni ambalwa, kuvela izibungu eqandeni, zigxibele emzimbeni wesisulu, siqala ukusidla singaphakathi. Ekugcineni, ama-pupate, ngemuva kwesikhashana imago ingena ekukhanyiseni ngesimo esijwayelekile kubantu.
Izinzuzo zokusaphaza
I-Spilomena troglodytes encane ibhubhisa ama-thrips. Ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zibamba izibungu zemithi yamaqabunga, amabhu, izimbungulu, amabhungane amaqabunga, amakhokho, izimpukane, izimpukane zamahhashi, imichilo. Imisebenzi ye-wasp noma ingenalo uju yincane impela - iphumelela izitshalo futhi ikhulisa umkhiqizo.
I-Hornet ubuthi nemithi
Okujabulisa kakhulu abantu akulona uju, kepha ubuthi. Muva nje, ososayensi bathole ukuthi ubuthi bomsipha wasepisi waseBrazil ukumisa ukwakhiwa kwamaseli womdlavuza nokulwa ne-oncology yezitho ezithile zomzimba. Okubalulekile ukuthi ubuthi awuthinti amaseli anempilo, awuphazamisi ukusebenza kwawo.
Ubuthi besinambuzane saseBrazil liqukethe iprotheni eyingqayizivele esebenzisana kuphela namaseli e-pathological, abangele ukufa kwabo, futhi asize ukubuyisela ulwelwesi lwama-mucous. Ubuthi busebenza ngomdlavuza wegazi, wesibindi, wesinye. Umuthi uthengiswa kumasayithi ku-Intanethi, izindleko zekhabuleyiti eyodwa zingama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-9.
Ngokusekelwe kwimininingwane etholakele, ucwaningo luyaqhubeka nokwenziwa, kunethemba elikhulu lokuthi kuzokwazi ukudala ikhambi elisebenzayo lomdlavuza, ukunqoba lesi sifo ngomqondo obanzi.
Iqiniso mayelana nokuthi iminyovu nezinyosi zilwenza kanjani uluju
Izinyosi neminyovu zingabamele enye yama-oda amakhulu ezinambuzane - i-hymenopteran. Abamele lo mndeni baziwa ngokuhlangana ndawonye, ubuhlengikazi benzalo (izibungu zabo), ukwahlukanisa imisebenzi phakathi kwamalungu omndeni. Yilapho ukufana phakathi kwama-wasps nezinyosi kuphela khona. Singakhuluma ngomehluko isikhathi eside kakhulu, ake siqale ngokuthi balwenza kanjani uju.
Ama-Wasp wezinhlobo zePolybius Occidentalis aqoqana inani elithile lezinyosi ezinsini zazo.
Ingabe iminyovu yenza uju
Amandla we-wasp ukukhiqiza uju ngumbuzo ovame kakhulu kwi-Intanethi. Ephendula iningi, unombono wokuthi ama-wasps awenzi uju, kodwa akwazi ukudla futhi awondle izibungu zawo. Kukhona iqiniso lapha, kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso. Kungani manje sitshela. Ochwepheshe emkhakheni wezinyosi bathi kunezinhlobo ezithile zokuhlanzeka ezingakwazi nje ukudla, kepha futhi zikhiqiza uju. Lapha kuphela indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zinambuzane kude nemingcele yeRussia nezinye izifundazwe ezingomakhelwane.
Izinhlobo zezinyosi ezinamakhekheba oju anjalo zitholakala emazweni akude aseNingizimu Melika naseMexico. Kulapha lapho kuhlala khona iPolybina Occidentalis (Polybiinae Occidentalis). Umuntu wale nhlobo ophumelela kakhulu aqoqana, aqongelela umpe wezinyosi okhalweni lwawo, azidle futhi ondle inzalo yakhe (izibungu) ngayo. Isayensi iyazi ukuthi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu abahlala engxenyeni yalezi zifundazwe banikezwe uju lwe-polybius.
Ama-Wasp wezinhlobo ze-Amorphilla abhubhisa ngenkuthalo amacimbi ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene
Izakhamizi zezindawo zethu zokuhamba zingenakukwazi ukuqongelela uju ezinqulwini zazo. I-Nectar ezindongeni zezindawo abahlala kuzo (isifutho) ingumbala omncane woju kuphela. Inani lazo lincane kakhulu kangangokuba kwanele ukondla kuphela iminyovu ngokwawo nokudla izibungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaziwa ukuthi ikakhulukazi akhiqiza umpe hhayi wokuvuna, kodwa ukuze adle. Ukunambitheka komucu kuhluke kakhulu kuju olujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ngoba alumnandi kangako futhi lube mnene.
Ngaphandle kokuntuleka kwamakhono ekwakhiweni kwezinyosi, iminyovu isetshenziswa kakhulu kwezilwane. Ukufaneleka kwabo okukhulu kulele ekutheni babhubhise izinambuzane eziningi nezibungu zabo ezihlala ezingadini nasezivandeni zemifino. Ukwenza isibonelo, udoti wobumba udla ibhere nezibungu zazo. Enye inhlobo (i-Amorphillus) idla izimpukane, ama-grinders, amabhungane amaqabunga, ama-cicadas. Kungakho abalimi abanolwazi bethanda abamele lo mndeni, bebolekisela emazweni abo ngezimbali ezinamakha.
Amandla wokwenza impova nge-wasp mubi kakhulu kuneenyosi, kepha isasebenza lokhu. Phakathi kokunye, ungesabi ukuluma kwakhe. Umphumela we-tonic ozibonakalisa ngemuva kokuluma unenzuzo kubantu. Uma ingeqi inani elivumelekile (ngaphezu kwama-20).
Umhlaba udla ibhere nezibungu zazo
Izinyosi zilwenza kanjani uju
Ngokungafani nozakwabo, izinyosi ezisebenza kanzima zi-oda lokuphakeme. Ukuqinisekiswa kwalokhu kunethiwekhi ye-neural - ulimi lokuxhumana phakathi kwezinambuzane. Yonke imithwalo yemfanelo yokuqokelela, yokuthola, yokuzala kabusha kanye neyondla inzalo (izibungu) esidlekeni isatshalaliswa ngokuqinile. I-Toiler bee ayakhiqizi nje kuphela isamba esikhulu soju lwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, iyazondla iyondle inzalo yayo kubo.
Imithombo eyinhloko yomucu yizihlahla ezahlukahlukene, izimbali nezihlahlana. Kususelwa esithelweni lapho impova iqoqwa khona ukunambitheka kosuku loju okukhiqizwa kuzoncika. Esizakudla kusihlwa sasebusika. Inqubo yokuthi izinyosi zenza kanjani uju zihlukaniswe ngombandela ngezigaba ezilandelayo.
U-Bee emsebenzini
- Lapho kufika intwasahlobo nokuqhakaza kwezimbali zokuqala, isikhathi sokuqoqa umpe siqala. Izinyosi ze-Scout zaqala ukuthungatha izitshalo ezifanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, siyaqaphela - bafuna kuphela izindawo futhi bathatha impova ngesampula. Abaqoqi bezinambuzane bayoqoqa umpe wezinyosi, ngemuva kokuthi ama-scouts abatshele bese ebathumela ohlangothini lwendawo yokubuthana.
- Izinyosi ziqoqa umpe ngosizo lwe-proboscis, eqinisweni, ama-wasps angenawo. Okubanika enye inzuzo. Izinhlamvu zokunambitha ezitholakala emilenzeni ziyamsiza anqume ukuthi impova isisitshalo. Ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa, inyosi ibeka umpe otholakalayo emlonyeni wayo, lapho izinqubo zokukhiqiza ama-enzyme akhethekile ngosizo lokukhuseleka kwezindlala ze-salivary zenzeka. Le nqubo ibaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza umpe wezinyosi.
- Ukwemukelwa kanye nokusebenza okwengeziwe komkhiqizo oqoqiwe kwenziwa yizinyosi ezitholwayo. Bafaka umkhiqizo kumaseli weseli, khona-ke inqubo yokucubungula uju iqala. Ibalulekile kwiseketeni, ngoba ikhwalithi yezinyosi incike kulo. Okokuqala, izinambuzane zibeka uju emicu yezinyosi, ngakho-ke zingama-quarter nje kuphela. Izilinganiso ezinjengalezi zivumela amanzi ukuba aphume ngokufanele futhi ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwalokho umucu udlulela odongeni olungaphezulu lwamangqamuzana, isidleke somoya singene umoya kahle ukuze ususe umphunga wamanzi. Lapho kwenziwa inqubo yokuvuselelwa koju, izinyosi ziyidlulisela kwesinye iseli kwesinye kwesinye isikhathi. Okokugcina kodwa, uju oluvuthiwe lubekwa engxenyeni engenhla yezinyosi, uzigcwalisele phezulu.
- Isinyathelo sokugcina lapho kulungiswa uju izinyosi, kungukubekwa uphawu kwamaseli ngamaju lezinyosi ngama-wax cap. Okuqukethwe umswakama loju (okuqukethwe amanzi) kuleli phuzu akufanele kube ngaphezulu kwama-21%. Umkhiqizo onjalo kuphela ongaba sezingeni eliphezulu futhi ulungele ukudliwa.