Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-20 zezinyosi. Okuvame kakhulu kuzo yizitshalo zoju. Izihlobo zabo eziseduzane ziyizintuthwane kanye neminyovu.

Izinyosi zingabamele umbuso.Izilwane ezinjenge-Arthropod oda iHymenoptera. Njengazo zonke izinambuzane, zinayo:

• ikhanda, isifuba, isisu,
• Amehlo anobuhlakani
• izinzwa
• izimbambo ezimbalwa zemilenze
• amaphiko.

Ukubukeka

Laba abamele izilwane zasendle bahlukaniswa ngombala obonakalayo - amabala aphuzi kusendlalelo esimnyama. Ukugqama kuyadingeka ukuxwayisa abanye ngobuthi. Ukugwazwa kutholakala esiswini somuntu ngamunye, ngosizo lweenyosi elizivikela ezilwaneni, ezinyonini nakubantu. Ubukhulu bungama-3-45 mm, kuya ngohlobo.

Isakhiwo

Umzimba uqukethe izigaba ezintathu: ikhanda, isifuba nesisu. Ngamunye wabo unemisebenzi yakhe. Ekhanda kukhona iqhubu elilodwa lamehlo ayinkimbinkimbi, likuvumela ukuba ubone izinto ezikude, futhi kuze kube amehlo amathathu alula aqaphela isithombe sezinto ezisondelene. Lezi zingxenye zesithombe, lapho zihlanganiswe, zinikeza isithombe esizwakalayo. Ngakho-ke, umbono wenyosi ubizwa ngokuthi i-mosaic.

I-antennae, etholakala nasekhanda, izitho zokuqonda kwamakhemikhali, ukuthinta.

Indima nokwakheka kwesisu sesinambuzane esingakhulisa ubukhulu baso kuyathakazelisa. Esibelethweni nakuma-drones, izitho zokuzala zitholakala esiswini, nakuzo izisebenzi - ukugaya. Kukhona nokugwaza okukhonjisiwe nokuvuleka okuyisipesheli, okhiye abavula i-trachea. Umuthi onobuthi, i-apitoxin, ukhishwa ngokugwaza. Uma inyosi iluma othile, iyafa.

Laba abamele umhlaba we-arthropod bangabanikazi berekhodi lendiza. Cishe amafushane angama-450 amaphiko ngomzuzwana. Kukhona izimpiko ezine zenyosi. Lezi zinkulu ngaphambili nangasemuva, zisiza ukuqondisa, ukushintshana. Isinambuzane singandiza cishe amakhilomitha ngemizuzu. Uma ufuna umpe ngasikhathi, uyakwazi ukumboza ibanga elingafika ku-10 km.

Ahlala kuphi futhi kanjani?

Kunezindawo eziningi zokuhlala. Lama-arthropods ajwayelekile nomaphi lapho kunezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Izinhlobo zasendle zihlala ezindlini zokuphephela zemvelo: izimbobo, imigodi, imigodi, endlini. Izimo ezibalulekile okumele zibhekwe kulezo zindawo lapho kuhlala khona izinyosi ukungabi bikho komoya, ukushisa kanye nokusondela kwamanzi.

Abantu, beqala ukufuya izinyosi, babeka phansi imigodi yezihlahla lapho kwakuhlala khona izinambuzane. Ngemuva kwalokho bafunda ukuthi bangazakha kanjani izindlu ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngokuthi yimikoko. Manje abafuyi bezinyosi endaweni eyodwa bakha amakhulu ezinkomo emindenini enemindeni yezinyosi, bakhe amapulazi wonke, amabambe amade.

Izinyosi zezinyosi zasendle ngosizo lwe-wax ekhishwe ezindlekweni eziseziswini zazo zakha izinyosi zezinyosi ezihlangene. Amaseli asesimweni sama-hexagons. Amashidi anezinyosi zezinyosi anamathiselwe engxenyeni engenhla yendawo yokuhlala kude ne-6-9 mm ukusuka komunye nomunye.

Cishe lezo zimo zakhiwa abafuyi bezinyosi ezindlini zokwenziwa zezinyosi ezifuywayo. Amafreyimu asuswayo abekwa okhalweni lapho izinambuzane zakha khona amaseli azo angama-hexagonal.

Umndeni ka-bee

Izinyosi eziningi zakha imindeni. Inani labantu kuzo lingafinyelela amashumi ezinkulungwane. Ubuningi buxhomeke esimweni sezulu, esimweni sezulu. Esikhathini esifudumele, ukuzala okusebenzayo kwenzeka, isizukulwane esidala sithathelwa indawo yizinyosi ezincane, ezisebenzayo, ama-drones avela. Ebusika, izinqubo zokuphila esidlekeni zihamba kancane, inani lemindeni liyancishiswa.

Imindeni yezinyosi inesibeletho esisodwa nesizukulwane sayo: ama-drones angamakhulu amaningana, izinyosi eziningi ezisebenzayo.

Inhloso yesibeletho ukuzala. Ubeka amaqanda. Izinyosi ezisebenzayo zinsikazi eziphuma emaqanda avundisiwe futhi zinesibopho senhlala kahle yomqokozo. Indawo yomthwalo wabo wemfanelo ukwakhiwa kwezinyosi zezinyosi, ukunakekelwa kwesibeletho, izibungu, ukuqoqwa, ukucubungula umpe kanye nempova, ukukhiqizwa kwesinkwa sezinyosi, ukuvikelwa, ukuhlanza, ukubulala amagciwane, ukufaka umoya esidlekeni, ukugcina izinga lokushisa elithile kanye nomswakama kulo.

Ama-Drones angabesilisa akhula kusuka kwizibungu ezingafundile. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinyosi ezisebenzayo, zikhulu, zinamaphiko amakhulu nesisu. Ukuze isidleke singalethi noma iyiphi inzuzo. Umsebenzi we-drones ukuhambisana nesibeletho.

Kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani izinyosi?

Isikhathi eside salawa ma-arthropods sincike ezicini eziningana:

• Umsebenzi wokuphila. Ukuqoqa impova kanye nompe, ukwakha izinyosi zezinyosi, ukunakekela isibeletho nezibungu, njll.
• Isibalo senzalo. Uma kulapho, kuba mfushane isikhathi sokuphila.
• Ukutholakala kokudla.
• Ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwezifo.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwesinambuzane sincike nesikhathi sonyaka lapho sizalwa. Iminyaka ephezulu kakhulu yalabo abazalwa entwasahlobo yizinsuku ezingama-38. Abantu abazalwa ehlobo baphila izinyanga ezi-1-2, kanti ekwindla kusinda kuya entwasahlobo.

Mangaki ama-drones ahlala?

Ama-Drones azalwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Njengoba zigcinwa izinkathazo zansuku zonke zabantu abasebenzayo, indlela yokuphila ayithinti umkhawulo wobudala. UDrones uyafa masinyane ngemuva kokuba imbewu iphonswe. Abanye babo balahlekelwa izimpilo zabo ngenxa yomzabalazo wethuba lokuthola umanyolo esibelethweni.

Abesifazane banganquma isiphetho sabesilisa. Lapho isidingo se-drones inyamalala, bayaxoshwa esidlekeni, ngaleyo ndlela ebagweba ukufa okusheshayo.

Ngabe isibeletho siphila isikhathi esingakanani?

Isibeletho singadlula yonke isidleke. Umkhawulo weminyaka yakhe uneminyaka engama-5-6. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amanye amalungu omndeni wezinyosi ayayinakekela. Futhi lapho benza lokhu ngokucophelela, i-uterus ihlala isikhathi eside. Kepha lapho iqala ukubeka amaqanda ambalwa, ithathelwa indawo encane.

Ukufuywa kwezinyosi

Kunezindlela eziningana zokuzalela lezi zinambuzane. Abafuyi bezinyosi baphendukela kwenye indlela noma enye, kuye ngohlobo lokuzalela, imindeni ebusika ebusika, ukwakhiwa kwesidleke, izimo zokuqoqa uju.

Imindeni yezinyosi ingakhuliswa ngokusebenzisa izingqimba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, entwasahlobo kuyadingeka ukuhambisa isibeletho kusuka kwesinye isidleke kuya kwesinye. Lapho kwakungekho sibeletho khona, izinyosi zakha lawo maseli endlovukazi eyinqaba. Emasontweni amabili emva kokufakelwa, anqunywa futhi abekwe ezingqimbeni, lapho kuvela khona isibeletho esincane.

Ukuqala abafuyi bezinyosi bavame ukusebenzisa indlela yokuzalanisa izinyosi, ebizwa ngokuthi "uhhafu wehlobo." Kulokhu, umndeni oqine kakhulu ukhethiwe, uhlukaniswe ngesigamu, ubeka izinyosi zezinyosi ngenzalo okhalweni oluhlukile.

Ukuzalela izinyosi ezifuywayo kuya ngendawo yokuhlala, izici zezulu, inani lempova, okuphakelayo. Uma kwezinye izindawo ukwakhiwa komndeni wezinyosi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-40, kwezinye kungathatha izinsuku ezingama-100.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala

Izinyosi zihlobene nezinambuzane ezindizayo, ezibandakanya ubudlelwane obude nama-wasps nezintuthwane. Zingama-520 genera ezibhalisiwe, ezibandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-21,000, ngakho-ke kunezinambuzane eziningi kakhulu ezifana nezinyosi.

Lama-arthropods asabalele kakhulu - atholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica ebandayo. "Inhloko" yesinambuzane igcotshwe umqhele amadevu, ihlukaniswe izingxenye eziyi-13 noma eziyi-12 (ngokulandelana, emadodeni nakwabesifazane), kanye ne-proboscis ende ende, esetshenziselwa ukudla.

Cishe wonke umuntu izinhlobo zezinyosi Kunamabili amaphiko, kepha kunezinhlobo ezihlukile ezinamaphiko amancanyana futhi abuthakathaka kangangokuba azikwazi ukundiza. Ubukhulu bomuntu omdala buhlukahluka kusuka ku-2 mm kuya ku-4 cm, kuya ngokuthi luhlobo luni oluthile.

Inyosi yisinambuzane esiwusizo kakhulu esibamba iqhaza ekuqhakambeni nasekuphandeni kabusha kwezitshalo, siqoqe umpe kanye nempova. Isidumbu sesembozo simbozwe nge-villi, lapho impova inamathela khona, ngemuva kokuqongelela inani elithile, inyosi ilidlulisela kubhasikidi, oluphakathi kwemilenze yangemuva.

Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyosi zithanda impova yesitshalo esisodwa, ezinye ziqondiswa kuphela ukuba khona kwalokhu, kungakhathalekile ukuthi kuvelaphi umthombo. Imvamisa, izinyosi zisetshenziselwa ukwandisa isibalo sezimbali, nokho, abamele izilwane zasendle bahlala kude nomuntu nezinto zakhe. Izinyosi ezinjalo, kanye nezinye izinambuzane, ziyafa ngenxa yezinhlelo zokubhujiswa kwabantu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakoloni wezinyosi ayanyamalala ngenxa yokucutshungulwa kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe ngokubulala izinambuzane, ukuncipha kokutshalwa kwezitshalo zezinyosi ngenxa yokukhula kwamadolobha. Ukuqothulwa kuya ngokuya kukhula unyaka nonyaka, kukholakala ukuthi uma kungekho zinyathelo ezithathwayo zokulondoloza usayizi womndeni, kuzobe sekunyamalaleminyaka engama-2030.

Ngokusobala, lokhu kuthembisa ukulahleka okuphelele kwezinyosi kumuntu, kanye nokwehliswa okukhulu kwenani lezimbali, izithelo nemifino. Kungasiza izinyosi ezifuywayo - Tshala izitshalo zoju eziningi zezinambuzane eduze kweziqalo zezinambuzane, wenqaba ukuphatha ingadi ngamakhemikhali.

Izinyosi zizalela kanjani?

Amaqanda abeka amaqanda. Ukusuka kumaqanda avundisiwe, izinyosi ezisebenzayo, izinsikazi, zikhula. Lapho umanyolo ungenzeki, kuzalwa abesilisa, ama-drones. Ukuze inzalo yezinyosi ibe namandla futhi isebenze kahle, ama-drones akweminye imindeni kufanele ahlanganise isibeletho. Ukuhlakulela eqandeni, umuntu ngamunye udlula ezigabeni eziningana: izibungu, pre-pupae, pupae.

Uma umndeni ukhula kakhulu, uqhekeka waba izingxenye ezimbili noma izibhude. Amanye amalungu alo asala nesibeletho sawo esidala, kanti amanye alandela okusha lapho efuna enye indawo.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Izinambuzane Zomphakathi nenhlangano ephezulu yempilo. Baqoqa ukudla namanzi ndawonye, ​​bavikele futhi bavikele isidleke. Kunoma yiliphi iqembu kukhona ukuphathwa okuqinile lapho isinyathelo ngasinye senza imisebenzi ethile. Inani labantu lingashiyana, izinyosi eziningi zifakiwe eqenjini, nomahluko ongaphezulu ubonakala phakathi kwabamele bamazinga ahlukene ebukhosini. Isakhiwo ngasinye sinesibeletho.

Esithombeni, izinyosi nenyosi yendlovukazi

Abamele amanye amaqembu bayizinyosi ezingashadile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuleli fomu kukhona uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwabesifazane, futhi ngamunye wenza imisebenzi efanayo - uqoqa impova futhi uvuna ukudla, futhi futhi uyanda.

Imvamisa, izinhlobo ezinjalo azivezi uju, kepha ukusebenza kwazo kuhlukile - baqoqa impova nompe kusuka ezitshalweni zabo "abazithandayo" kuphela, okungukuthi, uma izinyosi zifa, isitshalo siyanyamalala.

Izinyosi zodwa zesifazane, ngokwesibonelo, izinambuzane ezimnyama ezinjengezinyosi (umbazi wezinyosi) uvame ukubeka amaqanda emgodini owodwa ukuze awuvikele wona, le ndlela yokuphila ibizwa ngokuthi "eyomphakathi". Kodwa, inyosi ngayinye inakekela futhi igcwalisa iseli yayo kuphela.

Abamele eminye imindeni abakwazi ukuthola ukudla kwabo, ngenxa yokushoda kwemishini ekhethekile, ngakho bayaphoqelelwa ukuthi bakhethe ukudla babeke amaqanda emaqombeni abanye abantu. Izinyosi ezikule nhlobo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izinyosi ze-cockoo."

Izinyosi zezinyosi zakha imindeni emikhulu. Imvamisa, umndeni ufaka isibeletho esisodwa, izinsikazi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo kanti ehlobo izinkulungwane zama-drones (abesilisa). Bebodwa, ngeke basinde futhi ngeke bakwazi ukudala umndeni omusha.

Zidlani izinyosi?

Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi umuntu osebenzayo angaqoqa isilinganiso sama-gramu ayi-10-12 we-nectar ngaphezu kwempilo yakhe emfushane. Kuleli nani, uju uhhafu uyimalini. Ama-toilers awadli umpe noju kuphela, kepha futhi ne-pollock. Bathola lo mkhiqizo kusuka impova.

Ukusebenza ngomlomo kwezinambuzane kuklanyelwe ngendlela yokuthi umpe oqoqiwe ngokusebenzisa i-proboscis ungena kwi-goiter. Yilapho ukucubungula nokwakhiwa kwezinyosi kwenzeka khona. Ukuyixuba nempova, izinyosi zilungiselela ukudla kwezibungu.

Ukudla kwalawa ma-arthropods kungahluka ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ezinyangeni zobusika, isisekelo saso uluju, ehlobo - umpe. Ekusesheni kwakhe, izinambuzane zingandiza ezungeza indawo engaba amakhilomitha angaphezu kwamathathu. Ngasikhathi sinye, amalungu omndeni ofanayo ayasizana, edlulisa imininingwane edingekayo esebenzisa izibonakaliso ezikhethekile, amasiginali.

Izinzuzo zezinyosi

Kubantu abaningi, ama-toilers ayimigqa ahambisana kakhulu noju neminye imikhiqizo yezinyosi. Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yempilo yomuntu: ukupheka, umuthi, ukwenziwa kwezimonyo.

Kodwa-ke, inani lezinambuzane zoju alunqunyelwe kulokhu. Impilo yabo ihambisana kakhulu nokuba khona kwezitshalo emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi lezo ezingavinjelwa impova kuphela yizinambuzane. Lezi izitshalo ezi-entomophilous. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-200.

Ochwepheshe babalile ukuthi izinzuzo zokuqotelwa kwenyosi ebuntwini zedlula kakhulu inani lentengo lonke uju oluqoqwe emhlabeni. Ngenxa yokugcwala impova, isivuno sezilimo eziningi ezibalulekile siyakhuphuka: i-sunflower ne-buckwheat, izihlahlana zezithelo nezihlahla, ikhabe ne-ikhabe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amathani wezithelo nemifino afika etafuleni lomuntu ngenxa yomsebenzi ongabonakali wabadwebi bezintambo.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Entwasahlobo, inyosi eyodwa yendlovukazi ingazalela amaqanda angama-2 000 nsuku zonke. Ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwezinyosi, inani labo lehla liye ezingxenyeni eziyinkulungwane nengxenye. Abamele iminyaka ehlukile bagcwalisa izibopho ezihlukile, ngaleyo ndlela babone inyosi esesithombeni, singaphetha ngesimo sakhe nenani lezinsuku aphila ngazo, kuya ngomsebenzi owenzayo.

Kulesi izibungu zenyosi yesithombe

Izinambuzane ezisencane eziye zaphila ngaphansi kwezinsuku eziyi-10 zondla isibeletho nazo zonke izibungu, ngoba ubisi luvikeleka kakhulu kubantu abasha. Cishe ngosuku lwe-7 lokuphila, izinyosi ezisendaweni yesisu zivela ukukhipha i-wax yokuqala futhi iqala ukwenza umsebenzi wokwakha.

Entwasahlobo, ungabona izinyosi eziningi zezinyosi ezisanda kuvela - izinyosi ezikwazi ukusinda ebusika, bese zifinyelela "iminyaka yabakhi". Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, indlala ye-wax iyeka ukusebenza bese izinyosi kufanele zifeze ezinye izibopho - ukuhlanza amaseli, ukususa nokukhipha udoti. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, "abahlanza" babandakanyeka ngamandla ekunukeni isidleke. Baqapha ngokucophelela ukuze izitha zingasondeli esidlekeni.

Esithombeni inyosi nezinyosi zezinyosi

Isigaba esilandelayo sokuvuthwa kwezinyosi ukuqoqwa kwezinyosi (izinsuku ezingama-20-25). Ukuze uchaze odade lapho kunemibala efanelekile zaidi, izindawo zokungcebeleka ezinambuzelayo ziye ekubonweni kwe-biocommunication.

Izinyosi ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-30 ubudala zokhalela wonke umndeni umndeni. Lo msebenzi uthathwa njengeyingozi kakhulu, ngoba abantu abaningi bafa eduze kwemizimba yamanzi neminye imithombo yomswakama; esimweni sezulu esishisayo, inani elikhulu lezinyoni, izilwane nezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi zihlangana lapho.

Ngakho-ke, inhlangano yempilo yezinyosi ihlose ukusatshalaliswa kwemisebenzi okunengqondo. Abantu bakwaCash benza ibhizinisi ngaphakathi, abanye - ngaphandle. Isikhathi sokuphila sincike ezinhlotsheni. Isikhathi sokuphila sezinyosi zezinyosi sifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-10, kanti i-meadow bumblebee ihlala inyanga eyi-1.

Esithombeni kukhona izinyosi endaweni yokunisela

Incazelo Nezici

Inyosi ingeye-superfamily yokugwaza kwezinambuzane Laphoidea. Kusondele kakhulu kuma-wasps nezintuthwane. Emhlabeni wonke, kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingama-21,000 nohlobo lwezinhlobo ezingama-520.

Inyosi

Izinambuzane zidla impova nempe. Ngasikhathi sinye, impova isebenza njengomthombo wezinto eziwusizo kubo (ikakhulukazi amaprotheni), nompe - amandla. Ezinye izinhlobo zinenhlangano ephakeme kakhulu yezenhlalo.

Izinyosi zingabukeka ngokuhlukile kuye ngohlobo oluthile. Kepha ngokwesilinganiso, ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi cishe amasentimitha amathathu nombala oyimigqa, lapho imibala ephuzi-orenji nemibala emnyama iguqukayo. Umzimba umbozwe ngokuphelele izinwele, ezisebenza njengokuvikelwa futhi zenze umsebenzi wezitho zokuthinta.

Isici esahlukile senyosi ukuba khona kwe-proboscis ukumunca umpe nomuzwa wokunambitha. Futhi izimpondo zibhekene nomqondo wokuhogela, qaphela ukushisa / ukubanda / umswakama. Ezinye izingxenye zomzimba nemilenze zisebenza njengezitho zokuzwa.

Habitat - kuhlala kuphi izinyosi?

Izinyosi zithathwa njengezinambuzane ezivamile. Azihlali kuphela lezo zindawo lapho kungekho zitshalo eziqhakazayo. Izindawo ezinjengalezi zifaka ugwadule oshisayo kanye ne-tundra ebandayo. Kwezinye izindawo zemvelo, izinyosi zitholakala yonke indawo.

Ububanzi bezinyosi zezinyosi

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

Izindawo ezithandekayo zezinyosi zasendle zingamatshe asezintabeni, imigodi yobumba, imigodi yezihlahla ezindala.Izinyosi zikhetha amasayithi akhiwe eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi, futhi avikelwe ngokuthembekile ezimweni zezulu ezinzima, umoya.

Isidleke senyosi

Esimweni sezulu esipholile, izidleke zihlala phezulu ezihlahleni. Njengoba sebekhethe indawo efanelekile yokuhlala, baqala ukwakha amaseli kusuka kumaseli we-hexagonal. Iseli ngalinye linodonga oluthambile. Izinyosi zigaxwe zibheke phezulu futhi zinesimo esidlule. Amafreyimu akhethekile azivumelanisa nezinyosi ezifuywayo, kanti izinambuzane zasendle zizakhela amakhekhe azo.

Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, umsebenzi oyinhloko wezinyosi ukuqoqa izinsiza kanye nokufaka indawo yokuhlala. Benza lokhu ngepropolis, enuka yonke imifantu. Lapho-ke izinambuzane ziya engxenyeni engezansi yesidleke, lapho zinamathela khona ndawonye, ​​zishintsha izindawo ngezikhathi ezithile.

Izinyosi

Ngokuvamile, izinyosi zasendle zihlukile kwezasekhaya kuphela kwezinye izici zokuziphatha nobuntu bazo. Isibonelo, banolaka olwengeziwe ngoba banezitha eziningi zemvelo futhi baphoqeleka ukuthi bavikele amasheya abo. Zibuye futhi zinqotshwe ngokwengeziwe, zimelane ngokwengeziwe nomkhuhlane nezifo.

Esidlangalaleni

Ezithuthukiswe kakhulu ngokuya ngokuhlala ndawonye ziyizinambuzane zenhlalo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukungazweli, izinyosi ezingenazimba kanye nezimbungulu. I-colony yezinambuzane zabasebenzi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-semi-public. Eqenjini lezenhlalo, izinyosi zinemithwalo ethile yemfanelo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zimelela inzalo eyejwayelekile kamama.

Ikoloni lezinyosi lomphakathi eliphakeme libizwa bodwa - amalungu alo anezakhi zomzimba ezahlukahlukene nezibopho ezithile. Zihambisana. Isixuku esikhulu somphakathi simelelwa yindlovukazi eyodwa, izinyosi ezisebenzayo, ne-drones.

I-Uterus kuhlale kube munye eqenjini; kuphakama kakhulu ngosayizi kuqhathaniswa nabanye. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili ukuzala. Isibeletho sithathwa njengomuntu ophambili ekholoni, ngakho-ke zonke ezinye izinyosi ziyavikela futhi zinikeze ukudla.

Indlovukazi yenyosi

Ukusebenza kwezinyosi - izintokazi, ezakha isisekelo seqembu ngamanani. Zivame ukubonwa emvelweni. Isidleke esisodwa sibala abantu abangaba ngu-80,000. Abamele iqembu elisebenzayo bafuna izitshalo ezifanele, bakhipha umpe, benze uju.

Ukusebenza kwezinyosi

Amanye amalungu esixuku - ama-drones angamaduna. Umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuqhubeka nenzalo. Ama-Drones awakhiqizi impova futhi awenzi uju. Mikhulu kunezinyosi ezisebenzayo futhi zidinga ukudla okuningi. Lapho i-drone iyeka ukusebenziseka ikholoni, imane ixoshwe. Sekukonke, abakwazi ukubanda amakhaza.

Drone

Umbono

Inyosi inezinhlobo ezimbili zamehlo: ezintathu zilula ngaphezulu kwekhanda nezimbili eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinhlangothini.

Amehlo enyosi

Amehlo ayinkimbinkimbi abizwa ngokuthi ama-faceted. Banesimo se-convex oblong. Uma ukhulisa leli zikhathi amahlandla amaningi, ungabona inani elikhulu lama-hexagon ebusweni. Izinyosi ezisebenzayo zinabalelwa ku-6,000.

UMacro udubule ngeso le-facet

Iseli ngalinye elinjalo liyimbumba eyakhiwe kusuka kumaseli abonakalayo. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwamehlo okuthile, inyosi ibona isithombe kancane - ifana nesithombe esihlukaniswe ngamaphoyinti ahlukile. Kulula kuye ukuthi abuke izithombe ezinyakazayo kunalezi eziyizibuko.

Njengoba izinyosi zibona

Amehlo alula anesakhiwo esifanayo, kepha akakheke kahle ukuze akwazi ukubona isithombe. Umsebenzi wabo awuzange ufundwe ngokuthembekile, kepha, ngokunokwenzeka, ngosizo lwamehlo alula, izinambuzane zihlukanisa ukukhanya nokukhanya.

Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani inyosi?

Izinyosi zingaba nesikhathi eside sokuphila ngokuya ngomsebenzi koloni, kanye nesikhathi sokuzalwa.

Izinyosi zezindlovukazi ziphila isikhathi eside kunazo zonke - cishe iminyaka engama-5-6. Njengoba isibeletho sinikezwe ngokuphelele yizinyosi ezisebenzayo futhi zivikelwe ezingozini, kufanele zinikeze njalo inzalo entsha.

Endaweni yesibili kukhona izinyosi ezisebenzayo. Abantu abazalwe ngenkathi efudumele bavame ukuhlala okuncane kakhulu - kungabi ngaphezu kwenyanga. Konke kusolwa ngomsebenzi onzima wansuku zonke ngesizini ephezulu.

Kwesinye isikhathi izinyosi zizalwa ekwindla. Kulokhu, isikhathi sabo sokuphila sifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Isinambuzane ngasinye ngasinye kufanele sikhule ngokweqile futhi sifeze umsebenzi waso ngqo entwasahlobo.

Ama-Drones aphila okuncane. Njengoba bezelwe, bafeza ukuthunywa kwabo futhi ngokushesha bayashabalala. Uma ama-drones ehlala esidlekeni ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, axoshwa ngumsebenzi osebenza nawo futhi afe, ashiywe engenandawo noma ukudla.

Izinyosi ziqhuba ama-drones ngaphandle esidlekeni

Izinyosi zilwenza kanjani uju?

Ukukhiqiza uju, izinyosi zidinga umpe - ujusi omnandi kakhulu ovezwa izitshalo eziqhakazayo. Isinambuzane siqoqa umpe nge-proboscis, emva kwalokho singena entweni ekhethekile - isigaxa sikaju.

Inyosi impova

Emathekwini enyosi kunama-enzyme angena ku-goiter kanye nompe futhi aqhekeze ama-carbohydrate aqukethe ujusi. I-enzyme ngayinye yenza umsebenzi wayo:

1. I-Invertase - isheshisa ukuhlukana kwe-sucrose ku-glucose ne-fructose.
2. I-glucose oxidase - iphula phansi ushukela ushukela ibe yi-gluconic acid (ukunambitheka kosuku loju kuncike kukho) naku-hydrogen peroxide. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-peroxide kuqala ihlanza uju kuma-microorganisms, bese ihlukana.
3. I-Diastase - iphula isitashi ibe ama-carbohydrate alula.

Ukubuyela ezingweni zezinyosi, inyosi iqala ukuzigcwalisa ngompe oqoqiwe. Lapha esigabeni esiphakeme kuvela izikhala zezinyosi zezisebenzi - uhlobo lomuntu owamukelayo. Zibandakanyele ekukhiqizeni uju phambili, futhi izinyosi eziqoqa futhi zihlelela umpe omusha.

Izinambuzane zenza inqubo efanayo izikhathi ezingama-200. Babekela umpe omncane i-proboscis ukuze umswakama uvele kuwo, bese-ke uthunyelwa ku-goiter. Ngakho-ke, le nto iyabiliswa ize iphenduke uju.

Inyosi yenza uju

Ukugcwalisa amangqamuzana, izinyosi ziyaqhubeka nokufaka uju ezindaweni ngezindawo, futhi zidonsa noju lwezinyosi ngegagasi lamaphiko. Zonke lezi zenzo kuhloswe ngazo ukususa wonke umswakama. Amaseli ngoju oluphelile abekwa uphawu ngentambo.

Izitha zezinyosi

Izinyosi zinezitha eziningi zemvelo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona zombili izinambuzane nezinyoni. Phakathi kwezinambuzane, lezi ezidla ezinye: izimbungulu, izicabucabu, abadla izinyosi (uhlobo lwe-wasp). Hlasela njalo izidleke zezinyosi, ezingabamele imindeni yezisulu, izimpukane, ama-shrikes, njll. Futhi zidla nokudla kwezingulube.

Izintuthwane - Izitha Zemvelo Zenyosi

Ngabe ihlosi lihluke kanjani kuma-wasps?

Ngaphandle kokufana okubonakalayo, kuningi umehluko phakathi kwezinyosi neminyovu. Zitholakala ngokubukeka, indlela yokuphila kanye nokuziphatha.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba wenyosi oyindilinga, i-wasp inesimo eside futhi esinde. Inezinwele ezimbalwa (esiswini asikho ngokuphelele). Indawo yesifuba iqinisiwe. Umbala - unemibala ophuzi-omnyama, kodwa ogqamile futhi ubonakala kakhulu kunowezinyosi.

Kwinyosi, ukuzikhandla ukuze uthole ikholoni, isidleke yinjongo yempilo. Baqoqa umpe, izitshalo zokwenza impova, zikhiqize uju, zenze izinyosi zezinyosi ezivela ku-wax ekhiqizwayo.

Isakhiwo sesitho se-wasp asakhelwanga ukukhiqiza noma yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile. Ukwakhiwa kwezidleke kwenziwa ngabo kusukela ngezinto ezahlukahlukene, isibonelo, izinkuni ezindala. Ukudla iminyovu kwehluka kakhulu, kufaka umpe, izithelo kanye nezinye izinambuzane ezincane.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwe-wasp nenyosi

Inyosi ihlasela isitha kuphela uma izizwa isongela noma ihlasela. Izinambuzane koloni elilodwa zihlala zinakekela isibeletho.

Ama-waster anomlingiswa onolaka ngokwengeziwe. Zingakhonya nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Umuthi we-wasp unesakhiwo esihlukile, ngakho-ke uyakwazi ukuhlasela inani elinganqunyelwe lezikhathi ngaphandle kokuzilimaza. I-wasp nayo ingakuluma kusetshenziswa izinto zomhlathi.

Phakathi kokulimaza kunezinhlobo zomphakathi nezihlala zodwa. Kodwa-ke, emphakathini we-aspen, isibeletho sizihlinzeka ngokuzimela, futhi futhi sibamba iqhaza ngentshiseko ekwakhiweni kwesidleke.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyosi zinendawo ebonakalayo ekuhlukaniselweni futhi zinencazelo yesayensi. Iminyovu ingabizwa ngokuthi yibaphi abamele ukubhoboza izinambuzane ezinamaqhude okungezona izintuthwane noma izinyosi.

Izinhlobo zezinyosi

I-Paliidea superfamily imelwe yimindeni eminingana: izinyosi zangempela, ama-andrenides, ama-haliktid, nabanye. Sekukonke, bakha i-520 genera nezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Zonke izinyosi zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezi-2: zasendle nezasekhaya. Akunzima ukuhlukanisa inyosi yasendle: yincane ngosayizi, ihluke ngombala obuthuntu ngisho nangokwengeziwe, izinwele zikhulu futhi zinde, futhi kunegobolondo lokuzivikela engxenyeni yesifuba.

Izinhlobo zezinyosi

Kunezinhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo zezinyosi ezaziwayo. Sekukonke, kungaphezu kwamashumi amabili ezinkulungwane zazo emhlabeni wonke. Zonke izinyosi zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: ezifuywayo nezasendle.

Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi abantu bezikhathi eziningi bezisusa zizalanisa lezi zinambuzane ukuze bathole uju. Kodwa hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izinto ezibalulekile: ipropolis, i-wax kanye nobuthi bokwelapha. Kepha zikhona emvelweni futhi izinyosi zasendle.

Zincane kakhulu ngosayizi. Umbala wazo kufanele ubizwe ngowakudala, ama-shades ayo awakhanyi kakhulu, kunalokho athuliswa, futhi amacebo wemibala ikakhulukazi yi-monochromatic. Isifuba se-Savage sifakwe ngegobolondo elivikelayo.

Izinwele emizimbeni yabo zikhula zikhulu kakhulu kunabazalwane abafakwa ekhaya, zidlala indima yengubo yezinambuzane, zibasindise ngezikhathi zezulu ezimbi nezesimo sezulu esibandayo.

Ubukhulu bezinyosi zasendle bancane kakhulu kunobasekhaya

Ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu zombuso wezinyosi, kufanelekile ukugqamisa ezithakazelisa kakhulu. Futhi abokuqala ukushiwo izinyosi zangempela. Leli igama lomndeni wonke, lapho kunezinhlobo zezinkulungwane ezinhlanu. Phakathi kwazo:

1. Izinyosi zezinyosi - Izinhlobo eziningi zezinyosi ezinjalo sekuyisikhathi eside zisetshenziswa ngabantu futhi ngenxa yalokho ziyaziwa ngabo. Ekuqaleni, okhokho bethu abakude kakhulu emigodini yezihlahla bamane bathola isiphephelo sezinambuzane ezinjalo futhi bathatha uju kubo. Kepha kancane kancane baqala ukuzala, bequkethe izindishi, zakhiwa ngamagxolo noma zenziwe ngodaka.

Kamuva, baqala ukwakha lezi zindlu zezinyosi ezibizwa ngama-hives. Futhi basungula ozimele okulula ukusetshenziswa. Kulula kakhulu ukukhipha uju kulezi zakhiwo ezinjalo kanye namakhekeli wezinyosi aqukethe lapho.

2. Izinyosi - lolu lonke uhlobo lwezinyosi ngezindlela eziningi ezifanayo nezabo. Sekukonke, cishe amakhulu amathathu ezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezinjalo ziyaziwa. Bahlala kuwo wonke amazwekazi eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Ezihlotsheni zabo, bathola udumo ngokungavimbeli ukubanda kakhulu. By the way, lokhu kwandisa kakhulu amathuba abo okusinda.

Izimbungulu zinethuba lokundiza ziqoqe umpe ekuseni, lapho imisebe yentwasahlobo emnene noma ilanga lasehlobo ingakawenzi afudumele umoya. Ngakho-ke, bangaphambi kwezimbangi zabo futhi baqoqa konke okumnandi kakhulu kusuka kuzimbali nezinye izitshalo.

Ukugqoka kohlobo ngalunye lwe-bumblebee kuhlukile. Kweminye yazo, imivimbo ephuzi ihlangana nomnyama, kanti kwezinye iyi-orenji noma ibomvu. Kunezinhlobo ezimnyama ngokuphelele.

Izimbungulu nazo zingamalungu omndeni wezinyosi.

Phakathi kwabamele lo mbuso wezinambuzane kukhona imidondoshiya yangempela ebonakalayo izinyosi eziningisonke. Isibonelo esihle salokhu yimidwebo ye-genus megahill. Futhi ubukhulu bawo buhlaba umxhwele impela, ngoba amaphiko awo angafika ku-6 cm. Ngendlela, lezi zinyosi azikwazi ukukhiqiza uju nakancane. Bahlala emakoloni futhi badume ngobudlova babo obuthile.

Esithombeni umbazi wezinyosi

Umsoco

Sekucacile ukuthi umkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu odliwa yilezinambuzane uluju. Kepha ikhwalithi yale nto incike ezicini eziningi. Isibonelo, kusukela ekutheni lezi zidalwa ezincane zasinda kanjani ebusika obunzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunambitheka kwezinyosi kuthonywa kakhulu uhlobo lwezitshalo okukhishwa kuzo umpe.

Kungcono ukuthi laba bameleli bezimbali bengaqukethe i-glucose eyeqile, i-sucrose ne-carbohydrate, ngoba izinto ezinjalo zinomthelela ekuweni okusheshayo kwalomkhiqizo. Futhi ngale ndlela, uju alunakudliwa ngokuphelele yizinyosi.

Futhi sebeqoqele inani elikhulu lale nto, bayakwazi nokufa indlala. Izitshalo ezingafuneki, ngokwesibonelo, zifaka phakathi lwesinaphi, isheather, ukotini nezinye.

Ezimweni lapho umsoco wayo ungaphezi ngokwanele, inyosi ukuhlupheka kakhulu. Futhi wonke amalungu esidlekeni atheleka ezifweni futhi azizwe kabi. Izitshalo ezinhle zoju zifaka: i-apula, i-cherry, i-pearl, i-willow, i-linden nabanye abaningi.

Yini okufanele yenziwe uma inyosi ilume?

Udosi lwalesi sidalwa lusekupheleni kwesisu. Ine-notch, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sinambuzane asikwazi ukusinda ngemuva kokuhlaselwa isitha. Ukugwinya kwezinyosi ubambeka emzimbeni wesitha, futhi indalo yayo engenakusiza ilahlekelwe, okubangela ukufa komvikeli onesibindi esidlekeni.

Kepha ohlukunyezwe yena uqobo, othole ingxenye yobuthi, uthola nezinkinga ezengeziwe ekulahlekelweni yizinyosi. Yize kunjalo, ukugwaza kungabanjiswa esikhunjeni bese kuqhubeka nokufihla izinto eziyingozi.

Ubuthi balesi sinambuzane busebenza kakhulu ekwakhekeni. Okokuqala, isisulu sesenzo sakhe sizwa izinhlungu. Ngemuva kwalokho isiza sokugwaza siba bomvu, bese kuvela i-edema engathandeki kakhulu, exhasa kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziningana (kaningi ezimbili noma ezintathu).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zakwamanye amazwe ezingena egazini zingadala ukuhlaselwa yi-allergy. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye inyosi iluma ingahle ibe wusizo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ubuthi balezi zinambuzane ngemithamo emincane bunikezwa ngezinto zokuphilisa. Ibulala amagciwane futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho okuyingozi, iqukethe izinto eziningi ezilusizo.

Uma umuntu ehlaselwa yilesi sinambuzane, kufanele asuse kuqala ukudonsa, abese ephatha le ndawo ethintekile nge-potanganum permanganate noma enye into ebulala amagciwane. Izithako ezibandayo nazo zinomthelela omkhulu ekwelapheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi kuyasiza, ngoba kwenza kusebenze ukukhishwa kwezithako ezinobuthi.

Bahlala kuphi futhi bahlala kuphi

Izindlela zokuphila ezinganela laba bantu ziningi. Isibonelo, noma iyiphi indawo enezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Izinyosi zasendle zingahlala emgodini, e-crevice noma e-attic - ngokuvamile, kunoma iyiphi indawo eyisiphephelo esingokwemvelo. Kubalulekile ukuthi ezindaweni abahlala kuzo kungabikho moya, ukushisa, akukho mithombo yamanzi.

Uma sikhuluma ngabafuyi bezinyosi, bakha amasheya angamakhulu amaningana nemindeni yezinyosi, bakha amapulazi wonke noma ngisho namapiyane. Izitshalo zoju zasendle, okuyiwona umfuziselo wenyosi nomuntu ongekho, zisebenzisa i-wax. Bawukhipha esiswini kusuka esiswini, bavuselele noju lwezinyosi zakwamanye amazwe. Amaseli anomumo wobuntu - ama-hexagons. Amashidi anezinyosi zezinyosi anamathiselwe engxenyeni ephezulu yendawo yokuhlala, imvamisa ebangeni elilinganayo ukusuka komunye nomunye, okungukuthi yi-6-9 mm.

Abafuyi bezinyosi bazama ukudala izimo ezifanayo, bakha kabusha izindlu zokwenziwa zezinambuzane ezifuywayo. Esihlokweni babeka ozimele esikhiphekayo. Kukuyo lapho kwakhiwa khona amaseli we-hexagonal.

Isikhathi sokuphila sezinyosi ezisebenzayo

Uma abasebenzi bengavezi izinto ezingezinhle, bazokwazi ukuhlala ngokuzolile phakathi nesikhathi sokuwa nobusika. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwethonya lezifo zonyaka nezinye izici, le nkathi ingancishiswa. Sikhuluma ngezimo ezinjengokondla isibalo esikhulu sezibungu, isidingo sokuqoqa umpe nsuku zonke. Kulokhu, isikhathi sokuphila sincishiswa saba yizinsuku ezingama-25.

Kuhlala isikhathi esingakanani isibeletho ne-drones?

Ama-Drones azalwa ekugcineni kwentwasahlobo. Ngokunikwa ukuthi ababambi iqhaza ekukhathazekeni nsuku zonke nasemsebenzini, abanamkhawulo weminyaka. UDrones uyafa masinyane ngemuva kokuba imbewu iphonswe. Abanye babo bafa lapho belwa bodwa ukuze bavundise isibeletho. Angakudlula nabanye abahlala esidlekeni. Ngokwakhe, umkhawulo weminyaka iminyaka emihlanu kuya kweziyisithupha. Lesi sikhathi kungenxa yokuthi ezinye izinyosi emndenini ziyasinakekela. Kodwa-ke, ngokuguga, lapho isibeletho sigcina amaqanda amancane nangaphansi, sithathelwa indawo ngumncane.

Izinyosi nomuntu

Kunzima ukwedlula indima yezinyosi ekuvundisweni kwezitshalo. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo, umuntu uqoqa izitshalo eziningi zezilimo, okuyilanga, ama-sunlight, ama-buckwheat, ukudlwengula. Ngaphandle kokucoliswa kwezitshalo okufika ngesikhathi, ngeke kube khona ukuvuna ezinye izitshalo, ikakhulukazi izithelo nemifino. Ngokubaluleka kokuqalwa kwezinyosi, abalimi banamuhla baphetha ngokugcina izinyosi ukuthi lezi zindawo zokugcina zidlula eduze kwamasimu.

Indima ehlukile yempilo yomuntu idlalwa yimikhiqizo ebalulekile yezinyosi, kufaka phakathi:

• impova (impova) - idlula uju ekuhlanganiseni kwezakhiwo ezizuzisayo - iqukethe amavithamini we-B, kanye nama-macro- kanye nama-microelements,
• isinkwa sezinyosi - ama-30% aqukethe amaprotheni, izingxenye ezisele ngamavithamini, izakhi ezilandelwayo, ama-amino acid,
• chitin - okuqukethwe ngamavithamini eqenjini B, potassium, ithusi, i-zinc, i-selenium, nezinye izinto zokudla,
• uju - okubaluleke emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi amaprotheni, izakhi ezinhlobonhlobo zamaminerali kanye nomkhondo, isibonelo, i-iron, i-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-cobalt,
• UZabrus - osetshenziswa njenge-ejenti elwa nokuvuvukala, esetshenziswa ekwelapheni isifo samathambo, izifo zohlelo lokugaya nokujikeleza,
• i-bee venom (apitoxin) - ithuthukisa umzimba, ikhuphula ukukhuthazela, isebenza kahle, ibuye ijwayele uhlelo lokwakheka kwegazi futhi isize ukubhekana nobuhlungu,
• I-propolis - ngenxa yamavithamini kanye nama-microelements umkhiqizo uthuthukisa umbono, uhlanza iziteshi zegazi, unikeze umphumela wokuvuselela,
• jelly yasebukhosini - i-metabolism ejwayelekile kanye nesistimu yokugaya ukudla, yandisa amandla omzimba, yehlisa inqubo yokuguga.

Izinzuzo zezinyosi kungenxa yomunye umkhiqizo - u-wax. Kubaluleke kakhulu esikhunjeni, ngoba sisetshenziselwa ama-okhilimu neminye imikhiqizo yokunakekela isikhumba. Futhi, i-wax isheshisa ukwelashwa kwe-pharyngitis, ithuthukisa isimo sezinsini futhi inomphumela we-antibacterial.

Amaqiniso Enyosi

Lezi zinambuzane zihlukile ngokwazo. Zilusizo olukhulu emvelweni wonke nakowomuntu. Ngithanda ukuqaphela amaqiniso ambalwa mayelana nezinyosi:

• zivamile kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, lapho ukuzalwa kabusha nempilo ehlelekile imane ingenzeki,
• nsuku zonke izinambuzane ezivela emhlabeni wonke zigcoba izimbali ezingama-trillion,
• ukuthola ikhilogremu elilodwa loju, izinyosi kufanele zivakashele izimbali ezingafika kwizigidi eziyisishiyagalombili,
• ngokushesha bathola indlela yabo yokubuyela ekhaya - noma bekude kakhulu esidlekeni nomndeni wabo,
• ngokwesilinganiso, isisihla sezinyosi sinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayisithupha nesishiyagalombili.

Lababantu baqoqa inani elikhulu kakhulu lempova ku-taiga yaseSiberia. Enye yezindlela zokuziphatha kwezinyosi ukuthi ziyakwazi ukubona iphunga lembali elinomqhele kude nekhilomitha. Lokhu, njengemisebenzi esemqoka yezinyosi, kwenza izinambuzane ezethulwe zinenzuzo yokuzalanisa. Zisiza umuntu, ngoba inzalo ekufuyweni kwezinyosi ayinciphi.

Ukugwinya kwenyosi, kuyingozi

Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinhlobo, izinyosi zesaba ukuhamba ngokuzumayo, umsindo, imisindo enkulu, iphunga elingajabulisi kuzo. Amakha amakha amakha, iphunga izithukuthuku, ugalikhi notshwala kucasule izinyosi, ziyaphoqeleka ukuthi zilume kanjalo nangengalo yezindiza futhi indize.

Akubona abantu abaningi abazi iqiniso lokufa kwenyosi ngokushesha ngemuva kokulunywa. Lokhu kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi ngokuluma isigaxa esenziwe ngesiga sihlala sijule ngaphansi kwesikhumba somuntu noma sesilwane. Ukuzama ukundiza ngokushesha, ukugwinya kuphuma kanye namathumbu amaningi wesinambuzane, okwenza inyosi ife.

Masinyane ngemuva kokugwazwa kwenyosi, kubalulekile ukususa ngokushesha ukudonsa kusukela kokulunywa, kungenjalo ubuthi bezinyobe obuqinile buzoqala ukungena emzimbeni nasegazini, budale ukuvuvukala okukhulu kanye nokusabela komzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho isilonda kufanele sigezwe bese siqhubeka nokwelashwa.

Konke mayelana nezinyosi zezingane

Izinyosi zingokuhleleka okubanzi kwe-hymenoptera, kunezinhlobo zazo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-20,000. Zihlobene neminyovu, efana nayo ngezindlela eziningi. Kukhona isayensi yonke - i-apiology, efunda izinhlobo zezinyosi, ukusebenza kwazo, ukwakheka kwesidleke.

Lezi zinambuzane zingatholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi omhlaba wethu, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, ngoba azithandi ukubanda.

Inqubo yentuthuko

Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, inyosi ayikakulungeli ukuqoqa uju. Ekuqaleni, abantu abasha bachitha ukujwayelana nokwakheka kwangaphakathi kwesifuba. Bahlanza imichilo noma bondle izibungu.

Ngemuva kwalokho, inyosi ingathunyelwa endizeni yayo yokuqala, lapho izofunda ukuqoqa umpe futhi ibheke indlela ebuyela endlini.

Indlu eyakhiwe ngayo

Ukwakha indlu akuyona inqubo elula. Izinyosi zidinga kuqala ukwenza i-wax ukuze kamuva zakhe ikhekheba lezinyosi. Esikhathini esizayo, zizosetshenziselwa ukubeka amaqanda, kanye nenqolobane yezithelo zoju nezinyosi.

Izinyosi zezinyosi zakhiwa kusuka kumaseli ohlobo lwawo lufana ne-hexagon Wonke amaseli axhumekile. Ngokusho kososayensi, ukwakhiwa kwamaseli kungaqhathaniswa nokubalwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezibalo, ngoba wonke amaseli anobukhulu nobukhulu obufanayo.

Ungayivikela kanjani indlu

Ukungena esidlekeni kuhlale kulawulwa izinyosi ezimbili eziyindilinga. Bahlala beqaphile, ngoba umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuvimbela isitha ukuba singene esidlekeni.

Imvamisa kuyasetshenziswa isigaxa, kepha uma singasebenzi, futhi isitha singene ngaphakathi endlini, kunezinketho ezi-3 zesenzo sezinyosi ezisebenzayo:

• Namathela isitha, kulula ukumkhipha esidlekeni.
• Uma lokhu bekungenakwenzeka, izinambuzane zizungeza isitha bese zizama ukufudumeza umoya ngamaphiko azo, zenze kube mfushane.
• Indlela yokugcina ukuhlanganisa izitha ngokushesha ngepropolis, ngemuva kwemizuzwana embalwa kuzophela.

Kungani wenza uju

Okokuqala, izinyosi ngokwazo zidla ngoju. Ukuze ziphile ekwindla nasebusika, izinyosi zisebenza kanzima entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Zikhiqiza umpe, zivundisa izimbali. Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa kwayo, zihlanganiswa zibe amaseli. Ngemuva kokugcwalisa, amaseli abekwa uphawu. Ngakho-ke kuvela uju.

Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo, izinyosi zidinga ukudla, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi zinomunye umsebenzi - wokugcina izinga lokushisa elifunekayo esidlekeni ukuze zisindise izibungu.

Inyosi yeHimalayan

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Bahluke kwiHymenoptera ngombala womzimba wabo ophuzi ophuzi-omnyama. Abamele laba bavame ukutholakala ezindaweni zezintaba. Lezi zinambuzane ziyaphawuleka ngenxa yokuthi zizolile impela futhi ziyamelana namikhaza. Uju lwalezi zinyosi luqoqwa ngabantu be-gurung eNepal. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uju lwabo lunezinto ezi-hallucinogenic. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani elikhulu lama-Rhododendras atholakala endaweni ahlala kuyo. Lezi zitshalo ngesikhathi sezimbali zikhiqiza i-andromedotoxin, okuwubuthi obunamandla. Uma ingena emzimbeni womuntu, inesandla ekubukekeni kwama-hallucinations.

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Umsiki weqabunga

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Ukubonakala kwale nyosi kufana kakhulu neminyovu ejwayelekile. Banomzimba omude ku-8 kuya ku-16 wamamilimitha. Bahlukaniswa ngokuba khona komhlathi oqinile, ngenxa yawo abangasika amaqabunga. Abasiki beqabunga badla umpe. Ungahlangana nabo enkundleni yezindawo lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele sikhona. Esikhathini sokuphila konke, izitshalo ezingama-25 kuphela ezingamunca inyosi, ngoba zinomjikelezo wokuphila omfishane.

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Inyosi yeBashkir

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Le nhlobonhlobo yezinyosi itholakala emazweni aseYurophu. Imibala yabo yomzimba ine-gint grey ngaphandle kwemishayo ephuzi. Lezi zinambuzane zivumelanise kahle nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene, ngoba ziyakwazi ukuphuma esidlekeni ngisho nasemakhazeni.

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Inyosi yamakhosi aphuzi

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Lawa abamele babhekwa njengenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu futhi atholakala ezintabeni. Ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza uju osezingeni eliphakeme, kepha zibekezelela ukubanda kakhulu futhi zinikezwe ukungazetheki kahle. Cishe amaphesenti ayi-7 alezi zinyosi anomqondo wesidwaba.

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Inyosi ye-Caucasian Gray

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Isici esahlukile sale nyosi ngombala wayo ompunga. Kuwo wonke umzimba, azikho imivimbo ephuzi eziwuphawu lwezinyosi eziningi. Lo mmeleli uhlukaniswe waba yizingcingo ezingaphansi kwezindawo zokuhlala: i-Abkhaz, isigodi, iKakheti, i-Imereti neMingrelian. Izinambuzane zalolu hlobo azikubekezeleli ukuhamba ezindaweni lapho isimo sezulu sibanda khona.

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Inyosi yase-Italy

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Lababantu baqala ukusabalala endaweni ye-Apennine peninsula. Ahluke ngombala grey, wegolide noma onemibala emithathu. Ngokuvamile izinyosi zegolide ziyafuywa. Abantu bale nhlobo bakhulu ngobukhulu futhi baneziqu ezingamamilimitha ayi-6.5. Izinyosi zase-Italy ngokwazo zinokuthula impela, kepha zinolaka ngezikhathi zengozi. Kunzima impela kubo ukuthi bahlala eRussia, ngoba babekezelela ubusika ubunzima obukhulu.

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Izinyosi zase-Asia

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E-Asia, izinhlobo ezithile zezinyosi zezinyosi ziye zasabalala. Banokuhlukahluka okuningana kwezimpawu. Njengamanje, zibala izinhlobo ezingama-9000. Ummeleli oyintloko yinyosi enkulu Apis dorsata laboriosa. Ngaphezu kosayizi omkhulu, isisu salaba bantu sinemibala emnyama ngemivimbo emhlophe. Phakathi kwamabili okukhanya kwamehlo kubhangqa elingeziwe. Lezi zinyosi zihlala emaweni, lapho zakha khona okhalweni lwazo. Ukuluma kwabo kubuhlungu kakhulu.

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Inyosi yase-Ukraine esethweni

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Izinyosi zohlobo lwama-steppe wase-Ukraine ziyahambelana nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa, ngenxa yokuthi zingakwazi ukubekezelela ubusika kahle. Lezi zinyosi zithanda izitshalo ezinokuqukethwe okunoshukela omningi. Cishe i-10% yazo zonke izinyosi zalolu hlobo zithambekele ekushwabeni. Ziphinde zehlukaniswe nokuhlanzeka okuhle nokuhlanzeka okuyingqayizivele, okubonakaliswa eqinisweni lokuthi isifuba salezi zinyosi asixutshwe nodoti ne-wax.

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Don inyosi

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Lolu hlobo futhi luvundile impela. Umbala wabo umelelwa imivimbo nsundu. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, isibeletho sifaka amaqanda angaba ngu-3 000 ngosuku. Kodwa-ke, amalungu omndeni athambekele kakhulu ekushwabaneni. Bondla ikakhulu emithini ye-clover emnandi, i-oregano ne-acacia.

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Izinyosi zaseThai

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Ukubonakala kwalezi zinyosi kumelelwa yisisu esimnyama nokungabikho kwemivimbo eqondile ebusweni. Futhi, amaphiko alezi zinyosi amnyama kakhulu. Izinambuzane ngokwazo zihlukaniswa yisimo esizolile sokusebenza kanye nezinga eliphakeme lokusebenza. Uju lwabo ludumile ngokunambitheka kwalo mnene futhi kumnandi.

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Inyosi yase-Abkhazian

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Ungahlangana nale nyosi ezintabeni zeCaucasus. Bakhethelwa ukuhlala emaweni amawa, yingakho babizwa nangokuthi izinyosi zamatshe. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi ngokuzalanisa, ngenxa yobusi obumnandi nobungafani. Zitshalwa e-USA nase Ntshonalanga Yurophu. Lolu hlobo lwehlukaniswa isiqu eside ngokungalingani.

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Izinyosi zaseMelipon

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Ubuntu balolu hlobo ukungabikhona kwesiqu. Esikhundleni salokho, basebenza ngokuzikhandla kwezindlala zabo. Uma kwenzeka kuba nokuhlaselwa, inyosi yase-melipon ingasebenzisa ukudonsa kwayo. Lababantu bayaphawuleka futhi ngenxa yokuthi abanalo uhla oluthile lwabasebenzi. Imichilo yabo ifana nezidleke ze-bumblebee. Uju lweMelipon lusetshenziswa kabanzi eNhlonhlweni Yucatan, njengoba izinyosi kule ndawo zikhiqiza uju olumnandi kakhulu. Inani elincane kakhulu labantu lisindile kuze kube namuhla.

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Incazelo ejwayelekile

Ukubonakala kwezinyosi kufanekiselwa ngumzimba onezingxenye ezintathu: ikhanda, isifuba nesisu. Ingxenye yonke yomzimba wezinyosi imbozwe izinwele ezincane, okuthi ingxenye eyodwa isebenza njengento yokuthinta futhi ibuye ihlotshaniswe nohlelo lwezinzwa. Isitho sezinyosi esizwela kakhulu i-antennae, ebavumela ukuba bakwazi ukuhamba ebumnyameni bezifuba zabo. Ngenxa yokuba khona komhlathi osusekayo, izinyosi ziyakwazi ukwakha amaseli amakhulu kusuka ku-wax, futhi ziqoqe impova ezitshalweni bese zishiya iseli elivaliwe.

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Izinyosi ezindala zifinyelela osayizi ukusuka kumamilimitha ayi-12 kuye kwayi-15. Isisu sazo simele izigaba ezi-6, lapho okunamathiselwe khona amaphiko amancanyana futhi anwebayo anamaveji angabonakali. Ekhanda lalezinambuzane kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu, kanti phezu komqhele kunezinye ezintathu ezincane ezisetshenziselwa ukubona ukukhanya kwendawo, ukuze zikwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwelanga.

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Endaweni engemuva kwesisu kukhona isitho esihlabayo, esinezimbotshana ezimbili ezinobuthi kanye nokuqina okuqinile okunobude obungafika kumamilimitha amabili. Ukwakheka kwesiqu kukuvumela ukuthi uzibethele kalula esikhunjeni sesilwane noma somuntu. Lapho eshaya, inyosi ilimaza ubuthi bayo, bese iyafa.

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Ukulunywa kwezinyosi ezingaba ngamakhulu amahlanu noma inkulungwane kungabulala. Abantu abadala bangafinyelela isivinini esikhulu kakhulu, futhi baphinde banyukele kumakhilomitha amane ukusuka esidlekeni.

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Isikhathi sokuphila kwezinyosi

Isikhathi sokuphila sezinyosi sincike emkhakheni wokusatshalaliswa kwawo nendawo yabaphathi bezinyosi. Izinyosi ezisebenzayo azihlali isikhathi eside. Uma ezalwe phakathi kwentwasahlobo nehlobo, khona-ke isikhathi sakhe sokuphila ngeke sidlule inyanga eyodwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi zinyosi zisebenza njalo. Izinyosi ezisebenzayo ezizalwe ekwindla ziphila cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Njengomthetho, ayasinda ebusika futhi aphilele intwasahlobo ukuze aqale umsebenzi wokuqoqa izinyosi nompe.

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Ama-Drones anesikhathi esifushane sokuphila. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe kungamaviki ama-2. Lezi zinambuzane zikulungele ukuvundiswa cishe ngokushesha, futhi ngemuva kokuba sifa. Ama-drones asindayo athunyelwa ukuthi afe, awaxoshe esidlekeni.

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Isibeletho siholela esikhathini sokuphila. Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokusebenza saso siyiminyaka emi-5. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu kufanele kube kubaluleke kakhulu esigabeni esiphakeme futhi sikhiqize inzalo njalo.

Ukufuywa kwezinyosi

Inqubo yokuzala izinyosi yenziwa ngokubeka amaqanda. Izinyosi ezigcwele ngokuphelele ziphuma kumaqanda avundisiwe. Uma kwakungekho kumanyolo oqondile, khona-ke ama-drones azalwa. Ukuze inzalo iphumelele, ama-drones avela kweminye imindeni kumele ahlanganise isibeletho.

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Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinyosi

Amaqanda ezinyosi adlulela ezigabeni ezintathu: izibungu, pre-pupa ne-pupa. Uma inani lezinyosi emndenini liba likhulu kakhulu, khona-ke kuba nokuqubuka. Ingxenye eyodwa yezinyosi ihlala esigabeni sendawo nesibeletho, kanti ingxenye yesibili ifuna indawo entsha enesibeletho esisha.

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Ipateni lokuzalela isibeletho

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Indawo Yokuhanjiswa Kwenyosi

Ungahlangana nezinyosi cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezindawo lapho kungekho zitshalo eziqhakaza khona. Izinyosi zithanda ukwehla ezintabeni, ezintabeni zezihlahla ezindala nasemiseleni yobumba. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela komoya nokuba khona koketshezi eduze kwesifuba. Imvamisa, izinyosi zingahlala ku-attic yezindlu noma phakathi kwezindonga.

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Okwamanje, inani lezinyosi emhlabeni wonke lehla ngokushesha. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwehla okungathi sína kwabantu asikaziwa, kepha esikhathini esiningi kungenxa yemisebenzi yabantu ukucekela phansi indawo yokuhlala yezinambuzane, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali njalo ukufaka umanyolo nokuguqula isimo sezulu soMhlaba.

Ukwesaba Izinyosi

Abasebenzi ngeke bahlasele kuqala uma kungenasizathu salokhu. Bangakhombisa ulaka ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• iphunga lotshwala, i-cologne ebukhali ngisho nokujuluka kungabangela ukuhlaselwa yizinyosi,
• iphunga lezilwane izinambuzane elizibona njengezitha. Lezi izinja, amahhashi, izimbuzi. Ngendlela, uma inyosi ikhipha ubuthi, bonke abanye bangaqala ukuhlasela ngokuzwa iphunga layo,
• isimo sezulu esingesihle esingenza izinyosi zikhungatheke okhalweni. Uju aluqoqwe ngalesi sikhathi, ngoba izinambuzane zihlasela ngokushesha.

Umlando Wezinyosi

Ngemuva kwalokho indoda yaqala ukucabanga ukuthi ingakuthola kanjani ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokulimaza izinyosi. Kwanqunywa ukuba kuthathe ingxenye yobusi kuphela esidlekeni. Ngakho-ke izinyosi nabantu baqala ukuhlala ndawonye ngokuthula.

Kungazelelwe, kwavela inkinga entsha: ukuhamba nokufuna isidleke ehlathini kwakungewona umsebenzi olula. Ngemuva kwalokho banquma ukugawula izihlahla ezinezimbobo bazihlela endaweni eyodwa. Lolu hlobo lomsebenzi lwaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi yindawo yokuhamba.

Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kwavela khonainyosi yezinyosi, lapho kwaqala khona ukwakhelwa izindlu izinambuzane.

Ukuthathwa kwezinyosi okwavela eGibhithe lasendulo

EGibhithe lasendulo, uju lwaluthandwa njalo.Imiqulu yePapyrus, engaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-5, ekushoyo ngokugcinwa kwezinyosi, iye yasinda. Inyosi yayiwuphawu lweLower Egypt.

Abahlali babeka okhalweni emiseleni bese behlisa iNayile. Ukuqala kohambo kwakusendaweni lapho isikhathi sokuqoqwa kwezinyosi sasesivele siqalile. Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda kwe-raft, izinyosi zikwazile ukundizela ogwini zibuye. Lokhu kufake isandla ekuqoqweni kwezinyosi okude. Lapho kwenye ingxenye yeNayile ukuqoqwa kwezinyosi sekuphelile, ngakwenye bekuyisiqalo nje.

Ukufuya izinyosi eRussia

Ukuthuthukiswa kokufuywa kwezinyosi eRussia kwaqala emakhulwini eminyaka e-X-XI. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamapiyano okuqala (ikhulu le-XVII), abalimi babandakanyeka ekuxhaseni izindiza. Kodwa-ke, endaweni yakithi kukhona omunye umthandi wezinyosi - ibhere. Kwakufanele ngibeke izicupho. Ngakho-ke, uma isidleke besisemgodini wesihlahla, bekubekwa i-beater noma izingodo, esivimbela isilo ukukhuphuka esihlahleni. Ebasusa ngesihlakala sakhe, wabakhwelisa, ngoba ngenxa yalokho izingodo zamgxoza ekhaleni.

Indaba yokudoba kwezinyosi iyatshelwa ikhathuni lezingane:

Kwenzekani uju

Uhlobo loju luxhomekeke kwimibala obuqoqwe kuyo, ukuthi icutshungulwa kanjani, nokuthi ikolishi litholakala kuphi. Uju lwenzeka:

Enye yezinhlobo ezinhle kunazo zonke uluju lwe-acacia. Iphunga lawo alibonakali kalula, futhi libukeka lingenamibala. Uju lwamatshe, olufana noswidi, nalo lodwa. Ibizwa nangokuthi "Abkhazian." Abanye abantu bathanda uju omnyama - i-buckwheat. Iphunga lawo nokunambitheka kwalo kuyashiwo. Umthunzi omnyama futhi ubonakala ngoju lwezinyosi, i-blueberry nomlotha wentaba.