Isinambuzane esisebenza emanzini - izinhlamvu ezi-9 * Izinambuzane

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Uhlobo luni lwesinambuzane?

Lesi sinambuzane sibizwa ngokuthi i-strider yamanzi, singamalungu omndeni wamayunithi amanzi futhi angamalungu eqembu lezimbungulu, ukwakheka kwesiqaqa samanzi kufana nesikebhe futhi kunamaphiko amade kakhulu, sibonga ngawo. Umbala wamamitha wamanzi grey to brown. Ungumhlaseli, wondla izinambuzane ezincane kanye nezilwane (inhlanzi ethosiwe) .Ngokubonga ngamehlo akhe amakhulu, isigaxa samanzi sibona kahle, futhi amadevu akhe amade ayisitho sokuhogela nokuthinta. Amanye amamitha wamanzi anamaphiko ngakho-ke ayandiza.Imitha lamanzi lihlala emachibini amile noma emifuleni enamasondo aphansi kakhulu. Ichazwa ngokubeka amaqanda ezitshalweni zasemanzini. Ebusika, ulahlekelwa umsebenzi wayo, ulale. Umuntu akayona ingozi.

Kusukela yaqala, abagxeki bamanzi bagxumela kalula emachibini nasemachibini. Imfihlo yabo isesimweni sokuqala ukuthi nguMdali Omkhulu kuphela ongaqhamuka naye.

Izitebhisi zamanzi njengokungathi zisemkhenkceni zigcwala kalula ebusweni bamachibi nemifudlana. Bakwazi kanjani 'ukuhamba phezu kwamanzi' futhi bahlale bomile ngokuphelele?

Ukutadisha okuningiliziwe kobubanzi bamawashi wamapheshana wamanzi kunikeza impendulo emangalisayo. Izinambuzane eziningi ekuxhumaneni nengaphezulu kwamanzi zinamathela kuyo, futhi imichilo yemichilo yamanzi imbozwe ngezinkulungwane izinwele ezincane ezi-fluffy ezaziwa ngama-microwave adonsa umoya futhi akha umcamelo obantantayo.

Le micu efana nenaliti iyizikhathi eziphansi kunezinwele zomuntu futhi ivikelwe ngentambo ekhethekile. Intambo ngayinye futhi imbozwe ngeziteshi ezihleleke kahle ze-microscopic noma ama-nano-grooves. Lapho kumanzi, ama-grooves abamba ama-bubble amancane womoya. Umphumela uba isithiyo esisebenzayo sokuvimbela amanzi noma i-hydrophobic. Ngokusebenzisa ukungezwani kwamanzi okuvela emvelweni ngokwawo, imitha yamanzi ihlala yomile.

Imiklamo efanayo microfibre iye futhi. Kepha kule lizard, imifino ihlukaniswe izinkulungwane zamagatsha amancane. Indawo engenamsoco ye-checko idala amandla adonsela phansi emazingeni amangqamuzana (abizwa ngokuthi “i-van der Waals Force”), ngenxa yawo ekwazi ukukhasa odongeni nasezindongeni.

Izinwele ezisezindongeni ze-strider zamanzi zimbozwe ngamashaneli amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-nanobores. Lezi ziteshi zibamba ama-bubble omoya abumba isiguqo esintantayo.

Abaphenyi abavela eChina balinganise ngezinga ukuthi izikejana zamanzi zikwazi kanjani ukungalingani. Bakha imodeli yokufakelwa yewashi lamamitha wamanzi, bayihlunga ngezikhwanyana zezinwele, base beyibeka ebusweni bamanzi bese beyicindezela ngobumnene. I-paw yenza ukujula kwikholamu yamanzi ngaphandle kokucwila, futhi yakwazi ukugcina isisindo somzimba izikhathi eziyi-15 ngemitha yamanzi ngaphambi kokuthi ekugcineni idlule ebusweni bamanzi.

Ukucwaninga ngemitha yamanzi kungasiza ukudala amarobhothi amancane entantayo angaqikelela ikhwalithi yamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungezwa kwesendlalelo esingabonakali sama-microwaves kungaholela ekubukekeni kwezindwangu ezintsha eziphephayo namanzi kanye nopende.

Izimbangi zamanzi zigobhoza amanzi ngejubane elikhulu kakhulu. Benza lokhu ngecebo elilodwa lobuhlakani: bntywilisela amathiphu we-paws yabo emanzini bese bakhe amalahlana amancane noma amashabhu. Ngemuva kwalokho izinambuzane zixosha kusukela "odongeni oluncane" lwensimbi eyakhiwe bese indiza ngokushesha iya phambili.

Izitha zamanzi ziyakwazi ukunqoba ngomzuzwana owodwa, ibanga eliphindwe kayikhulu ubude bemizimba yabo . Uma ukhuphula lelijubane ngesilinganiso sethu, kuyafana nokuthi umuntu uhamba ngesivinini esingu-640 km / h.

Ngesonto lokudalwa, uNkulunkulu wadala zonke izinto eziphilayo, kufaka phakathi izihlukanisi zamanzi ezimangalisayo. Isakhiwo nokuziphatha kwabo akude kube lula. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lezi zinambuzane zikhombisa umklamo oyindida wokudala futhi zinikeza ososayensi imibono esebenzayo yokwakha imikhiqizo eminingi emisha.

Asinazo izicathulo ezingasivumela ukuthi sihambe kalula phezu kwamanzi njengamamitha wamanzi enza, kepha ake ucabange nje ukuthi lokhu bekungasinikeza ini!

UDkt Don DeYoung - USihlalo woMnyango Wezesayensi Yezokwelapha eGrace College, eWinona Lake, eIndiana. Ungusomlomo osebenzayo kwiphrojekthi ethi “Izimpendulo Encwadini KaGenesise” futhi umbhali wezincwadi eziyi-17 ezikhuluma ngobudlelwano phakathi kweBhayibheli nesayensi. UDkt Deiang njengamanje ungumongameli we-Creation Research Society, enamalungu amaningi emhlabeni jikelele.

I-strider yamanzi - isinambuzane esingahamba phezu kwamanzi. Akunzima ukubona izidalwa ezinjalo ezithokozisayo ezilwaneni zasendle, ziphumula ehlobo osebeni lwechibi elithile elizolile.

Isigaxa samanzi Inesimo esidlulileko, futhi ngokubukeka kwayo ifana nezikebhe ezinamacroscopic, ecwebezelayo phezu kwamanzi. Isigaxa samanzi (ikilasi izinambuzane) ungumnikazi wemilenze emide emincane, ngosizo adlula ngokulula phezu kwamachibi, efana nesikeyiti se-fortoso, ubuciko nekhono okuyinto nemvelo uqobo lwayo eyayinakekela.

Umzimba walezi zidalwa, njengoba ubona isithombe samamitha amanzi , ngaphandle kuqhathaniswa ne-wand emincane. Isisu sazo simbozwe ngokuphelele izinwele ezimhlophe, zifakwe into ekhethekile ye-waxy, ngakho umzimba omncane walesi sidalwa nemilenze yaso ayina manzi ngenkathi ihamba emanzini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-bubble air akhiwa phakathi kwezinwele ezinesibonakhulu, okwenza angakwazi ukuwela emanzini, yize iqiniso ukuthi isisindo sawo esincane sifaka isandla kulokhu. Le yincazelo ephelele ye kungani iwele lamanzi linganyakazi .

Esithombeni, isimbungulu samanzi

Ukwakheka kwemilenze kusiza nekhono ukuhambisa lezi zidalwa. Yize zizacile, zikhulu impela ezindaweni zokuxhunywa ku-torso futhi zinezicubu zomzimba eziqinile ezisiza ukukhulisa isivinini esikhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nosayizi walezi zidalwa.

Incazelo yemitha yamanzi ungaqhubeka ngokusho ukuthi cishe zingamakhulu ayisikhombisa izinhlobo zezidalwa ezinjalo ezihlala emvelweni. Ngokweqembu lezimbungulu, izimbangi zamanzi ziyisihlobo esiseduze kakhulu salokhu.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezaziwayo kune-strider enkulu yamanzi, omzimba wayo ufinyelela kubude obungaba-2 cm. Unamaphiko nombala obomvu bomzimba. Amamitha wamachibi wamapayipi angekho ngaphezu kwesentimitha ubukhulu upende ngombala omnyama onsundu futhi unemilenze elula. Amaduna nezinsikazi zalolu hlobo lwezinambuzane zihlukaniswa kalula umbala wesisu, ngoba okokuqala wona umnyama, kanti kwesibili lubomvu.

Isici sempilo ye-strider yamanzi yikhono lokusuka ekujuleni okuyingozi kovimba wamachibi amakhulu kasawoti. Izidalwa ezinjalo zifaka phakathi i-strider yamanzi olwandle. Ubukhulu bayo bukhulu kakhulu, ngisho nokuqhathaniswa nezihlobo zayo ezinamanzi amasha.

Ubude balesi sidalwa bufika kuphela ngo-5 mm. Lezi zidalwa ezinesibindi, ezijwayele ukulwa kwalasha olwandle oluhlubukayo, ziyakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esijabulisayo sezidalwa ezincanyana kangaka, ezicishe zifane nekhono lokuhamba emhlabeni ngabantu. Lezi zinambuzane zihlala e-Indian and Pacific Oceans. Zingabonakala ngisho noma kukude ngamakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka ogwini.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila yokuphila kwe-strider yamanzi

Kungani imitha yamanzi ibizwa kanjalo ? Igama lesinambuzane lidlulisela ngokunembile indlela yalo yokuphila, ngoba sonke isikhathi esabelwe ukuba khona kwalesi silwane sisebenza ekulinganiseni ubuso baso ngemilenze yaso emide emide, ehlanganisiwe Indawo yokuhlala kwe-strider yamanzi .

Lezi zinambuzane zingabanikazi bamabili, ahluke ngosayizi, imilenze. Imilenze yabo yangaphambili imfushane kunezinye futhi isetshenzisiwe, kufaka phakathi, njengohlobo lwesondo lokuqondisa, okungukuthi, ukulawula indlela okuhamba ngayo nesivinini sokunyakaza.

Kusetshenziswa amanye amabili i-strider yamanzi —isiphazamiso igxuma emanzini, njengomuntu ogibela esikebheni, esebenza ngezidladla zayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sidalwa esiphilayo sinezimpondo ezibekwe ekhanda laso, ezikwazi ukukhetha noma ukushintshashintsha okungabonakali kakhulu kwendawo yasemanzini, sikhonze abancane njengendlela yokuthola imininingwane edingekayo evela emhlabeni wangaphandle njengezitho zokuthinta nezokuhogela.

Izinambuzane zinombala onsundu omnyama, onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nombala omnyama, ozobanika isivikelo esihle, ubenze bangabonakali ezitheni, ikakhulukazi izinyamazane, ezingaba izisulu zazo.

Ukuba ngumhlali wamachibi hhayi nje kuphela futhi uthule, kodwa futhi nezigxobo ezincane, i-strider yamanzi iyakwazi ukundiza isuka ezindaweni zokucima ukhula iye ezindaweni ezinamanzi angajulile ngosizo lwamaphiko e-webbed afihlwe ngaphansi kwe-elytra. Kuliqiniso, lezi zinambuzane azivumelaniswa kakhulu nezindiza, okwenza ukuhamba komoya kuyaqabukela futhi kunesidingo kuphela.

Uma isendleleni izimbangi zamanzi emanzini kuphakama izithiyo ezingalindelekile, ezingaba izitshalo zasemanzini noma amaza amancane endaweni ethule yamanzi, iyakwazi ukwenza ukugxuma, icindezele izingalo zayo ebusweni bamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela inqande isithiyo esivimbela intuthuko yayo. Ukugxuma okuchaziwe kuyamsiza ukuba enze imilenze ende yangemuva.

Njengokuntanta izimbungulu , i-strider yamanzi isebenzisa ama-paws ayo njengama-oi angavamile. Kepha ngokungafani nezihlobo zesinambuzane okukhulunyiwe, ayifaneleki ekujuleni kwenhliziyo.

Kulesi sithombe iwele lamanzi asemfuleni

Ungena emanzini nangezinyawo zakhe, wenza izixhumo zamanzi ezisiza kuphela ukuhambisa futhi zenze ukuba akwazi ukuhambisa hhayi kuphela endaweni ethule lamanzi, kodwa futhi nakamagagasi olwandle anamandla. Usebenzisa imilenze emide njengama-oars, ewabeka kabanzi futhi ngekhono esabalalisa isisindo somzimba wakhe endaweni ende ukuze anciphise ingcindezi emanzini.

Ukuba abagijimi bamanzi abahle kakhulu, abagibeli bamanzi abahlukaniswa ngokuphelele nokuhamba okuphansi emhlabathini, okuyinto abayithatha kuphela uma kunesidingo sokuhlala "ezindlini" zobusika.

Ekufuneni kwabo indawo efuna indawo ephephile, bavele badlula emhlabeni. Izindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene ezihlahleni namagxolo awo, kanye nezitshalo ezifanele, ngokwesibonelo, umhlwa, zingaba yindawo yazo yokuhlala kumakhaza.

Ukuphakelwa kwemitha yamanzi

Ngokumangazayo, isidalwa esincane, esibonakala singenacala - izinambuzane zemigqa yamanzi , umhlaseli wangempela. Lezi zidalwa azidli nje izihlobo zesigaba sazo kuphela, kepha futhi zingenela inyamazane ebaluleke ngokwengeziwe, zidla, ngokwesibonelo, abameli abancane bomhlaba wezilwane, abakwaziyo ukuzithola phakathi kwempahla yabo yamanzi.

Bayakwazi ukubona inyamazane yabo ngosizo lwezitho eziyindilinga zokubona, okungukuthi, amehlo abanawo. Izibalo zabo zangaphambili zifakwe izingwegwe ezikhethekile abazisebenzisayo ukubamba izisulu zabo.

Phakathi kokunye, i-strider yamanzi ine-proboscis ebukhali, entantayo, eshayela futhi imunca okuqukethwe okubalulekile. Lapho igcwele, igoqa kahle insiza yayo, igoba ngaphansi kwesifuba, ngakho-ke i-phenoscis ayiphazamisi ukuhamba kwamamitha amanzi nempilo yazo ejwayelekile.

Phakathi kwabahlaseli bamanzi, ukulwa phakathi kwabo akuyona into engjwayelekile ngenxa yezidakamizwa, abazama ukuyigcina ngezingalo zabo zangaphambili. Basebenzisa izinyawo ezifanayo, bangena empini nezihlobo zabo eziyimbangi futhi bathathe inyamazane yabo.

Izinambuzane ezibuthakathaka kakhulu, njengoba zingakwazi, zinamathela ekubambeni, zisusa amanani azo, zilahlekelwe ubunyoninco bemilenze yangaphambili, zivame ukuwa futhi zindize phezulu ngaphezulu kwesithende endaweni ethile engaziwa. Futhi izimbangi ezinobuqili kakhulu futhi ezinobuqili ziyazuza, zibaleke ngesibambiso ziye endaweni ecashile ukuze zijabulise buthumbe umphangi.

Ukuzala futhi isikhathi sokuphila somugqa wamanzi

Imitha yamanzi ibeka amaqanda ayo emaqabungeni emanzini ezitshalo, iwafafaze nge-mucus ekhethekile. Ukwakheka okunjalo okuvela ohlangothini kufana nentambo ende efana ne-jelly, okuyisibalo samashumi ama-testicles amaningana.

Kwesinye isikhathi ukwenziwa kwemisipha kwenziwa emgqeni owodwa ofanayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa into ye-mucous, kuyilapho kwakha uhlobo lokuxinana lwama-testicles ezinambuzane. Imiphetho yezinhlobo ezincane zalezi zidalwa ziyehluka ngoba ama-testes avele anamathele ezicutshini ezithambile zezitshalo.

Abesilisa babamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo kuyo yonke imicimbi kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi bahambisana “nezintombi” zabo ngenkathi besakha, bezivikela ezingozini futhi zivikele. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izikebhe zamanzi zikaPapa ziqapha insimu yazo ngokubekezela okunomona, zicindezela ngendlela enqumayo kunazo zonke ukwanda kwezimbangi. Le yindlela okwenziwa ngayo lezi zinambuzane.

Inqubo yokukhiqiza kabusha yohlobo lwayo yenziwa ngokungakhathali ngabahleli bamanzi abavuthiwe ngokocansi zonke izinsuku zasehlobo. Futhi izibungu ezibonakala emavikini ambalwa zidlula kuzo zonke izigaba zokuthuthuka cishe enyangeni, bese zisuka nje zibe ngabantu abadala.

Ukukhula okuncane kungahlukaniswa nabazali ngosayizi womzimba kuphela kanye nokubonakala kwesisu esifushane sokuvuvukala. Izimbangi zamanzi ziphila isikhathi esingangonyaka. Futhi izinombolo zalolu hlobo lwesinambuzane azisongelwanga yingozi ethile, ngoba lezi zidalwa ezingafani nalutho zingena esithombeni esivamile sezwe lesilwane.

I-strider yamanzi iyilungu lomndeni we-strider yamanzi, okuyi-oda ye-bugs (i-Hemiptera) futhi iguqulwa ukuze ibhebhetheke ngaphezu kwamanzi amile.

Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-waterider

Izimbangi zamanzi ziyizinambuzane ezinogama lazo elihambisana kakhulu nendlela yazo yokuphila. Kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingama-700 zabahlaseli bamanzi futhi zonke zihlala emanzini, ngokukhulu ukucobeka okungaphezulu kobuso bamanzi. Ngesimo sazo eside kufana nezikebhe ezincane.

Umbala ovikelayo wamapheshana wamanzi onsundu, onsundu onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi acishe abe mnyama. Idivaysi enjalo ivumela imitha yamanzi ukuba ingabonakali ezinyangeni ngokumelene nesizinda esimnyama ebusweni bezidumbu zamanzi amile.

Imvamisa, amamitha wamanzi ahlala ezinhlanzini ezinkulu zamanzi awanamaphiko, awazidingi.

Futhi ezakhamuzini zezigxobo ezincane, amaphiko abalulekile ukundiza endaweni ngendawo njengoba amachibi omile. Kule migqa yamanzi, ngaphansi kwe-elytra, amaphiko aqukethe kahle akhule kahle acasha, kepha izinambuzane azivamile ukundiza.

Ukuhamba kwamamitha wamanzi

Izitebhisi zamanzi ziyizimfanelo zangempela zokuntweza emanzini. Ngemilenze yabo emide, bayakwazi ukugibela emanzini, njengama-skaters eqhweni abushelelezi.

Ubhekene nesithiyo - isiqeshana se-duckweed noma ezinye izitshalo zasemanzini, "ama-skaters" enza ukugxuma okunobuhlakani futhi anqobe isithiyo ngokugxuma okuqinile. Ingxenye eyinhloko kulokhu kuqondisa kungokwamabili amabili angemuva wemilenze. Amawashi wemitha yamanzi ahlanganiswe nento enamafutha futhi ayimanziswa ngamanzi, ngakho-ke izinambuzane zivele kalula ebusweni bamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokunyakaza ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqina kwemilenze, kuvela izidududu ezincanyana emanzini. Lezi zi-mini-whirlpools zisiza umugqa wamanzi ukuwela ukuwela ngaphezulu ngaphandle komzamo futhi echibini elizolile nasolwandle olungagodli.

Ososayensi bakufakazisile ukuthi iziqaqa zamanzi wanoma yiluphi usayizi zisebenzisa izinyawo zazo njengama-oars - ziyaqaqa futhi zidlulisela isisusa emanzini ikakhulu ngeziphephezelayo eziphuma ngamadolozi. Ukuhlola le mqondo, abacwaningi bakha izinambuzane zokwenziwa ezingahamba njenge-strider yamanzi.
EsiNgisini, i-water strider "i-strider water" noma "ukuhamba phezu kwamanzi." Irobhothi lalibizwa ngokuthi "i-robostrider", futhi i-strider yamanzi yokufakelwa yayikwazi ukuhamba emanzini, njengomlingani wayo wemvelo.

Lapho ihamba, i-water strider isakaza kakhulu imilenze yayo, futhi isabalalisa ngokulinganayo isisindo somzimba ngaphezu kwendawo enkulu.

Izici zokuhleleka kwemilenze zihambisana nokuhamba kwezinambuzane emanzini: imilenze emincane ye-strider yamanzi lapho kuhlangana khona nomzimba ikhuluphele ngokweqile, kunemisipha eqinile ebamba iqhaza ekuhambeni okuqinile.

Isigaxa samanzi asikwazi ukuntywila, noma ngabe singene singene emanzini.

Uhlangothi lwesisu somzimba lumbozwe izinwele ezimhlophe ezinento ye-waxy, ngakho-ke amanzi awamanzi umzimba nemilenze yemitha yamanzi.

Iqiniso ngukuthi ama-bubble air abanjwa phakathi kwezinwele ezincane kunazo zonke. Futhi njengoba isisindo sesinambuzane sincane, lo moya uvimba umgadli wamanzi ukuba angashoni.

Ukuphakelwa kwemitha yamanzi

Izitha zamanzi ziyizisulu zokudla. Zidla ezinambuzaneni nasezilwaneni ezincane ezitholakala ngaphezu kwamanzi. Lapho sethole inyamazane ngosizo lwamehlo amakhulu ayisiyingi, umhlaseli uyayijaha ayibambe ngemilenze yayo yangaphambili, obunjengokubukeka kwayo. Lapho-ke isigaxa samanzi siveza i-proboscis yaso ebukhali, siyifaka emzimbeni wesisulu futhi simunce okuqukethwe. Esimweni esizolile, i-strider yamanzi igoba i-proboscis ngaphansi kwesifuba. Izingqinamba zamanzi zinezinsana ezinde, okuyizitho zokuhogela nokuthinta.

I-strider yamanzi isinambuzane esidlayo.

Ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhi zamanzi

Ama-strider amanzi abeka amaqanda awo emaqabungeni ezitshalo zasemanzini emgqeni owodwa, kanti amaqanda ahlanganiswa ndawonye ngento enamafutha. Ukugoba kufana nentambo ende efana nejelly enamaqanda angaba ngu-50. Ezinye izinduku zenziwa ngaphandle kwendaba ye-mucous futhi zakha uchungechunge lwama-testicles, alele nje emaphethelweni eshidi lesitshalo samanzi, kulokhu, ama-testes ayafana komunye umugqa owodwa. Izinhlobo ezincane zezinqe zamanzi zimane zinamathele amaqanda azo kwizicubu zezitshalo.

Izici zempilo yezitha zamanzi

Abagibeli bamanzi basebenza kakhulu emanzini, kepha abalungele ngokuphelele ukuhamba isikhathi eside emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, imichilo yamanzi emhlabathini ikhethwa kuphela uma kufika isikhathi sobusika. Babambana ngezihlakala emhlabeni wonke beyofuna indawo ecashile. Izinambuzane zihlala eduze kwamanzi, ngaphansi kwamagxolo, emantangeni noma emifantweni yesihlahla.

Imilenze yangaphambili yezimbangi zamanzi imfishane kuneminye imilenze futhi iyadingeka ekubambeni ukudla, ukusunduza lapho uhamba, futhi nokulwa.

Izimbangi zamanzi azilahlekelwa ithuba lokugcina izisulu zazo. Ngaphandle kokwehlukanisa ucezu, abashikishi abaningi babambelela ekugijimeni babambelela ezingaphambili zabo, futhi, bahluleka ukumelana, bawe bese begibela phezu kwamanzi. Isizinda sihamba siqonde kumanzi anamandla ngobuqili nangobuhlakani, othatha ukudla endaweni eseceleni futhi akuqede, ngenkathi abanye behlangana. Kusebenzisa imilenze yangaphambili, izinambuzane zilawula ijubane lokuhamba, kanti imilenze emine esele iyisisekelo futhi isebenza njengamasondo.

esihlokweni"Kungani umgodi wamanzi unganyakazi"

Isilo samanzi ngubani. 4

Kungani umgqa wamanzi ungashoni ………………………………… 6

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngemisipha yamanzi ……………………… ..7

Sonke sabona phezu kwamanzi izinambuzane ezingavamile ezihamba kalula ngaphezu kwamanzi. Vele, lezi yizinyathelo zamanzi. Babukeka njengezikebhe ezincane, ngoba umzimba walesi sinambuzane ubude, futhi umbala usuka onsundu uye kumnyama.

Ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, ubaba nomama baya ehlathini echibini. Bekusimo sezulu esihle sekwindla. Ingaphezulu lamanzi echibi lalimbozwe ngamahlamvu awile. Kude buduze nolwandle kwelinye lamaqabunga ngabona umgudla wamanzi. Wahlala ngokuzolile wabambelela emisebeni yelanga efudumele nenqwaba yemigqa efanayo yamanzi. Ngakuthanda ukubabheka njalo lapho sihamba. Kwabonakala kimi ukuthi wayelele ephepheni, futhi usuku nosuku, wagijima ngobuwula emanzini nabangane bakhe nezintombi zakhe. Lapho ngiwabheka kakhulu, ngaba nemibuzo eminingi enganginayo. Ngakho-ke nginqume ukuthola konke ngabo. Baphila kanjani nokuthi badingani emvelweni, kepha umbuzo omkhulu owangikhathaza ukuthi kungani bengashoni.

Inhloso yomsebenzi: Thola ukuthi yini esiza imitha yamanzi ukuhlala phezu kwamanzi?

Isimo sesifundoabagibeli bamanzi, bazi impilo yabo nemisebenzi yabo

Thola imininingwanemayelana nesiphazamisi esinombhede wamanzi kanye namandla aso okuhamba ebusweni bamanzi.

Yenza ucwaningophenomena evumela ukuthi imitha yamanzi iqhubeke phezu kwamanzi futhi ingashoni.

Ukutholaincazelo yegama lesiphazamiso samamitha yimitha yamanzi.

Ngubani umgundi wamanzi?

Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngenkathi uphumula emanzini, kufanele ubheke izinambuzane ezincane ezinemilenze emide evinjelwe ngokushesha okukhulu nangokuzenzakalelayo ebusweni bamanzi. Lesi isiphazamiso se-strider yamanzi: igama laso ngokwaso likhuluma ngomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalesi sidalwa nezinye izinambuzane ezifana naso. Imitha yamanzi iyiphutha ngesicabucabu, uma kuqhathaniswa neqhude. Kepha kufanelekile ukucubungula isinambuzane, njengoba kuba sobala ngaso leso sikhathi: ngaphambi kokuthi ube yisinambuzane esinezinhlamvu zokuziphatha ezinconyayo.

I-bug enobuhle obumangazayo ilawula ama-paws ayo futhi ihamba emanzini, njengesikebhe esiqhweni. Bebejwayele ukusho ukuthi i-bug "ilinganisa amanzi", yingakho ibizwa ngegama elidumile.

Impilo yayo yonke, i-bug ye-strider yamanzi ikhetha izidumbu zamanzi noma imifula ethule. Ngenxa yemilenze yayo emide elula, i-strider yamanzi ingahamba kalula hhayi ngaphezulu kwamanzi kuphela, kepha futhi nomhlaba. Lokhu kunikeza isinambuzane ithuba lokuhlala eduze namanzi uqobo bese silinda inyamazane yaso lapho.

Ebusika, izixakaxaka zamanzi azisebenzi futhi azifihli, zihlala eduze nomzimba wamanzi wazo. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, abashayeli bamanzi bashiya amadamu bese bethola isiphephelo ngaphansi kwamagxolo amadala amadala noma ngaphakathi. Ngokuqala kokushisa, baphinde baqale impilo yabo yangaphambili, baphindaphinde ngenkuthalo. Lesi silwane semanzini sitholakala yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezibandayo zezulu. Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-700 zemikhumbi yamanzi. Izinhlobo ezine zazo zihlala ezweni lethu:

Enkulu. Okukhulu kufinyelela kumamilimitha angama-17 ubude. Lesi yisiphazamisi esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia.

Kuhlomile. Kusatshalaliswa engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia. Ubude bomzimba 10-11,5 mm. Umbala womzimba onsundu noma onsundu.

UVelia. IVelia ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Izinhlobo zayo ezingenazintambo zanda lapha. Izinambuzane ziyabekezelela ukubanda futhi zihlala ezinkombeni ezingenayo iqhwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Wand. Izimbungulu zombhede ezinomzimba omude kakhulu, omncane, onjengenduku futhi zihamba kancane ebusweni bamanzi amasha athambile. Kubizwa nangokuthi kuhamba kancane.

Abahamba ngamanzi babekela amaqanda abo emaqabungeni ezitshalo zasemanzini, bawabeke umugqa owodwa, "kwesinye isikhathi amaqanda axhumeka ngento enama-mucous, i-clutch enjalo ibukeka njengentambo ende equkethe amaqanda afinyelela ku-50. Iziqu zimane nje ziyichungechunge lamasende atholakala emaphethelweni eshidi lesitshalo samanzi, futhi amasende abekwa phansi ukufana komunye nomunye umugqa owodwa.Izibungu ziqhamuka emaqandeni ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa.Ukuqala ziphuzi, bese ziba mnyama njengabantu abadala.Izibungu zaleli bug lamanzi ngezindlela eziningi ziyafana nomuntu omdala, kepha zihlukile ngokuvuvukala nokufishane. Umzimba unombala onsundu okhanyayo noma ohlaza okotshani obizwa ngokuthi i-nymph futhi udla ekudleni okufanayo nokwesinambuzane esidala. Ukudla kwezibungu kuqukethe izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezihlala eduze nedamu, izibungu namaqanda abo. inyamazane: Ngemuva kokuphuma emaqandeni, izibungu ziqala cishe inyanga, zikhule ngosayizi kancane kancane, bese zithola izigaba ezinhlanu zokukhula. Esigabeni sokugcina, kuye kwenzeka ukunyibilika. Isisu ngemuva kokuqunjelwa siqoqwa ngemikhawulo emikhulu, eqonde ngemuva kokudla okunenhliziyo.

Kungani izimbangi zamanzi zinganyakazi

Amabili amathathu wemilenze isiza inkosikazi yayo ukuba igeleze kahle ngaphesheya kwamanzi siyamangala: bakwenza kanjani lokhu? Kuvela ukuthi izinqwaba zezinwele eziwugqinsi, ezimbozwe ngamanoni, zigqoke okhalweni lwemitha yamanzi. Kodwa-ke, umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezibuyisa amanzi, ngakho-ke kuphuma njalo emanzini omile.

Futhi sibonga ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwemilenze, isisindo somzimba wamamitha wamanzi sisatshalaliswa endaweni ebalulekile: ngendlela efanayo, i-skier iqhubeka nokukhululeka eqhweni ngenxa yesiketi eside. Umzimba omude omncane oneminyakazo esheshayo yokukhanya unquma umoya ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, umzimba we-strider yamanzi umbozwe ngesembozo esikhethekile, esivikela futhi ekumitheni. Kepha uma kuqala ukuna, khona-ke imitha-yamanzi, ukuze ingamanzi, kufanele ishiye ingaphezulu kwamanzi ifune indawo yokukhosela. Imilenze yangaphambili ye-strider yamanzi yiyona "injini" enikeza ushintsho ngesivinini. Imilenze ephakathi nendawo ingemuva nobude obuphindwe kabili ubude bomzimba wesiphoko uqobo futhi isetshenziswa njengokusekelwa okuthembekile nomshini we-swivel, kanye nokugxuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhulu bezitha zamanzi zibaluleke kakhulu. Njengoba wazi, ngokwehla kwezilinganiso zezinto ezisetshenziswayo, amandla enza ngawo aguquka kakhulu. Ikakhulu, lapho imitha yamanzi incishiswa ngento engu-10, amandla e-capillary ayibambe ebusweni bamanzi nawo ancipha ngesici esingu-10 (ngoba ahambelana nobukhulu bokulinganisa kwemitha yamanzi). Ngasikhathi sinye, amandla adonsela phansi ancipha ngesici se-1000 (njengoba vele ilingana hhayi ngosayizi wolayini, kepha kuya kumthamo wamamitha wamanzi). Ngakho-ke, kuma-microworld, amandla e-capillary anomthelela omkhulu kakhulu kunamandla adonsela phansi, futhi ungavumeli imitha yamanzi ukuba inyamalale. .

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nemichilo yamanzi

Abagibeli bamanzi bagxuma kahle uma kukhona isithiyo endleleni. Imilenze yangaphambili (imfishane kuneminye imilenze) ibasizakala ukubamba ukudla, injini lapho ihamba, futhi nokulwa. Yebo, yebo, ungamangali, lezi zingane zingakwazi ukuzimela ukudla kwazo. Ngaphandle kokwehlukanisa i-tidbit, izinti eziningana kusuka ukushesha zixhunyaniswa izimbambo zangaphambili, ke, ezingakwazi ukumelana, ukuwa nokugibela phezu kwamanzi. Isigaxa samanzi esikhohlisayo nesinobuqili kakhulu sithatha inyamazane yaso siye endaweni efihlekile ngenkathi abanye bematasa omunye komunye. Izikejana zamanzi ziyakwazi ukunqoba ngomzuzwana owodwa ibanga eliphindwe kayikhulu ubude bomzimba wazo. Uma ukhuphula lelijubane ngesilinganiso sethu, kuyafana nokuthi umuntu uhamba ngesivinini esingu-640 km / h. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izintambo zamanzi ezinamaphiko zilungiselelwe ubusika emhlabeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, izicubu ezibhekene nokuphakamisa amaphiko i-atrophy, nezimpiko ngokwazo ziwohloka, bese umuntu omdala eba nezintambo.

Muva nje, ososayensi bathole isici esijabulisayo nesisebenzayo sezimbungulu ezinamanzi: kuvela ukuthi lezi zinambuzane zidlala indima enkulu ekwehliseni inani lama-amahhashi. Izinduna zamahhashi abesifazane zibekela amaqanda azo emanzini, futhi izibungu zazo nazo zikhula lapha. Izimbangi zamanzi ezinesifiso esifanayo zihlasela zombili izimpukane nabantu abadala.

E-reservoir lapho kuhlala khona lezi zinambuzane ezincane, ungabhukuda ngaphandle kokwesaba, futhi ngesikhathi sakho samahhala ungabuka ukusebenza kwezimbungulu emanzini, kukhumbuza ukudansa okungahleliwe.

Izinhlobo ezinolaka ngokwengeziwe zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo. Lapho, izinambuzane zamanzi zidla izinhlanzi ezincane zilume abantu. EThailand, lezi zinambuzane, ngaphezu kwe-proboscis, zifakwe umgoqo. Ubuhlungu bokuluma bungafaniswa nokuluma kusuka kwenyosi noma i-wasp. Isigaxa esilume siguqekile. Ubuhlungu buhlala kuze kube yihora. Imvamisa, umhlangano onjalo onesinambuzane wenzeka kumuntu ngaphandle kwemiphumela.

I-strider yamanzi isinambuzane esiyingqayizivele. Ngobude obungamasentimitha amabili nesisindo samamayela angamashumi ayisithupha nesishiyagalombili, iyakwazi ukujikijela futhi igxume emanzini ngaphandle kwama-splashes. Umzimba nemilenze yamamitha wemitha imbozwe ngezinwele ezikhethekile ezingekho emthanjeni ezivumela lesi sinambuzane ukuba sihambe eduze kwamanzi njengolwelwesi oluminyene .. Izifundo zamamitha wamanzi zingasiza ekwakheni amarobhothi amancane entantayo angabheka ikhwalithi yamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungezwa kwesendlalelo esingabonakali sama-microwaves kungaholela ekubukekeni kwezindwangu ezintsha eziphephayo namanzi kanye nopende. Iqembu lamarobhothi avela eSeoul University ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaProfessor Kyuchin Cho, ngemuva kokufunda ngokucophelela ukwakheka nokuziphatha kwamamitha wamanzi, kwakheka amarobhothi amancane angashona ebusweni bamanzi ngendlela efanayo nezinambuzane ezimangazayo. Irobhothi elincane linomzimba wamasentimitha ama-2 kanye nemilenze yamasentimitha ayi-5 eyenziwe ngentambo emincane efakwe ungqimba lwezinto ezingaphendulisi amanzi. Inesisindo esingama-milligrams angama-68 kuphela futhi ingagxuma ngaphezulu kwamasentimitha ayi-14 emoyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ugxuma kahle ngokulinganayo endaweni eqinile nasemanzini. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, bamane bakhangwa yilezi zidalwa ezincane. “Ngikholwe, ukudala irobhothi kuthakazelisa kakhulu ukwedlula, yithi inja noma inyoni yamarobhothi. Izimbangi zamanzi ziyamangalisa. Kungakho sifike esinqumeni sokukhiqiza kabusha indlela yabo yokunyakaza eyingqayizivele edivayisini yama-robot, ”kusho uCho etshela izintatheli zaseKorea.

Esezinhlelweni zokufunda imichilo yamanzi, onjiniyela bathola ukuthi ngesikhathi seqa imilenze yesinambuzane isheshisa kancane kancane - ngalokho, ubuso bamanzi abuphunguki ngokushesha, futhi ukuxhumana nakho akulahli. Njengoba kwenzeka, ingcindezi enkulu yezingalo ze-strider yamanzi ihlala iphansi kancanyana kunamandla wokungezwani kwamanzi. Ngalesi sizathu, i-strider yamanzi ayikwazi ukucwila.

Ekwenzeni irobhothi elincane, ososayensi basebenzisa umshini wokuguqula izinto kabusha. Amandla okuxosha idivaysi emanzini akhuphuka kancane, okuvimbela irobhothi ukuba lingashoni. Ukuhamba kancane kule vidiyo engezansi kukhombisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokugxuma, le mitha yamanzi yokufakelwa igoba imilenze yayo ngaphakathi ukukhulisa amandla wejerk. Ukuhlolwa okuningi okwenziwa ngabaseKorea kukhombisile ukuthi lapho ingaphezulu lamanzi isesimweni esihle, ingamelana nengcindezi ekhishwa ngamamitha wamanzi ayishumi nantathu, lapho indawo yamanzi iba namandla khona njengomhlaba.

Abasebenzi baseHarvard University, abahlinzeka ukusekelwa okuthile kozakwabo baseKorea, babenomuzwa wokuthi ubuchwepheshe ababutholile bungasetshenziswa ngokuzayo. Ngokusho kwabaseMelika, amarobhothi amakhulu futhi asemdala agqoke amanzi, ngokwesibonelo, angaqalwa ngemuva kokuphuka komkhumbi, awahlelele ukuthi afune

Ukuhlangana kwamanzi nokuziphatha kukude kakhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lezi zinambuzane zikhombisa umklamo oyindida wokudala futhi zinikeza ososayensi imibono esebenzayo yokwakha imikhiqizo eminingi emisha.

Asinazo izicathulo ezingasivumela ukuthi sihambe kalula phezu kwamanzi njengamamitha wamanzi enza, kepha ake ucabange nje ukuthi lokhu bekungasinikeza ini!

Ku-encyclopedia, ngifunde konke okuhlobene nokuphila kwamamitha wamanzi, kodwa lokhu kwakubonakala kimi akwanele. Manje, lapho ngibheka imitha yamanzi, ngacabanga impilo yabo. Ngabona indlela asebenza ngayo yonke impilo yakhe emfushane futhi angicabangi - "Kungani ephila kulomhlaba?" Shono abizwa ngokuthi ama-strider amanzi. Mhlawumbe injongo yokuphila ukukala amanzi. Futhi ukukalwa kanjani? Ngemuva kwakho konke, hhayi umbusi, hhayi imitha. Ihlala ukukala ngezinyathelo. Kuqala, walinganisa ibanga ukusuka eqabungeni lakhe lily lamanzi ukuya eqabunga elingumakhelwane, cishe lapho kwakuhlala khona intombi yakhe. Kepha iwele lamanzi alizange lehlise umoya kulokhu. Wanquma ukukala ibanga ukusuka ogwini lolwandle kuya kolunye. Ubuyele eqabungeni lakhe lapho sekumnyama. Ngosuku olulandelayo, walinganisa ubude bechibi, futhi ngakho-ke kwaqhubeka, ngababuka. Ngakho-ke, ukukala isilinganiso samanzi kusuka egameni, manje ngiyaqonda. Futhi yize uqala nje, kubonakala sengathi abasabambeki ngobuwula bezungeza amanzi, uyazi - lokhu akunjalo. Balinganisa amanzi.

Ukuqhubeka nokubuka, ngiphinde ngaqala ukwenza ucwaningo nokuhlola. Ezama ukungawenzi umsindo futhi angenzi ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, umama wakhanda ibhakede lamanzi ngemitha yamanzi. Lapho esebhakede, iwele lamanzi laqala ukwenza imizamo yokuphuma. Uvele wavele wavele ebusweni futhi wenza ukugxuma okukhulu. Kwakusobala ukuthi lesi sinambuzane sifuna ukubuyela esimweni sayo esikujwayele.Ngambuka usuku lonke. Lapho i-strider yamanzi ithamba kancane, ngakwazi ukuhlola lo mbala obanjiwe. Kwavela ukuthi kubhekwe amanzi-ngokubukeka kwe-carapace, umzimba cishe ngo-1 cm, imilenze eyi-6, 2 ngaphambili, 2 maphakathi, umhlane wasemuva. Imilenze yangaphambili imfushane kakhulu. Ngokwazi ukuthi lesi sinambuzane siyisidlakudla futhi sidla izinambuzane ezincane, nganquma ukwenza izivivinyo eziningana. Okokuqala, isicabucabu esincane sabanjwa sabekwa ebhakedeni lesikeleli samanzi. Ngaphezu kombono omuhle, amamitha wamanzi nawo adlulisa futhi athola imininingwane ngokuguquguquka komhlaba wamanzi. Isigaxa samanzi ngokushesha saba nesithakazelo kumakhelwane omusha, kodwa isithakazelo sadlula ngokushesha. Ngemuva kwalokho kwabekwa imbovane emnyama kuye. Isifiso esisodwa somugxayi wamanzi ukuphuma ebhakedeni, esalokhu sigcwaliseka. Isigaxa samanzi sibuyele echibini laso lendabuko.

Ngakho-ke, impilo emanzini, yehlukile ngokuphila emhlabeni. Okokuqala, amanzi angamaphakathi aphakathi komoya, futhi kunzima ngokwengeziwe ukuhambisa kuwo. Ngakho-ke, isinambuzane esidinga ukubhukuda ngokushesha kufanele sibe nesimo esilinganiselwe somzimba, esibushelelezi, njengokungathi siphuculiwe, izinsimbi zomzimba kanye nemilenze eqinile yecala. Yonke le mvelo inikeze isinambuzane esidliwayo - isikwati samanzi. Njenge-skater glides ku-strider yamanzi. Isisindo sakhe esivele sakhishwa sithunyelwa kuyo yonke imilenze ehlukaniswe kabanzi, sinciphise ingcindezi emanzini. Ngenxa yama-flakes agxibisa ama-molecule amanzi, i-strider yamanzi isebenzisa ukungaboni kwamanzi okwenziwa njengeqhwa leqhwa. Umzimba omude omfishane cishe awunakho ukumelana nomoya, futhi izicubu zomlenze eziqinile zenza ukuba umgibeli wamanzi ube umgijimi ongenakuqhathaniswa. Isigaxa samanzi sivumelaniswe kahle ukuze sibambe inyamazane ewele ngaphezu kwamanzi. Ihlanza amanzi ezilwaneni ezincane nasezinambuzaneni ezifile.

Emsebenzini wami, ngafinyelela inhloso yami, futhi ngathola izimpendulo kuyo yonke imibuzo yami.

Ingxenye encane kuphela yezinambuzane (cishe i-1%) edala ukulimala okungahleliwe emisebenzini yabantu. Esikhathini esiningi, izinambuzane zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekugcineni ukulingana kwemvelo eMhlabeni, futhi, ngakho-ke, empilweni yomuntu. Ngakho-ke, masihloniphe futhi sivikele abafowethu abancane.

Indlela yokuphila

Ibhungane lihamba ebusweni bamanzi ngamabili amabala wemilenze yangasemuva, linobude obukhulu kakhulu. Imilenze yangaphambili yakhelwe ukubamba inyamazane ebanjiwe, ne-bug ngosizo lwabo iguqula indlela yokuhamba, ibeka isivinini esifunayo. Izimbungulu zezinqe zamanzi zihlala echibini, emifuleni, emachibini nasolwandle. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, lesi sinambuzane singakwazi ukundiza ukusuka endaweni kuya kwenye.

Izimbungulu zamanzi zingagxuma phezu kwezingqinamba. Uma kunesidingo, ibhungane liyokhwehlela futhi linqobe noma yiziphi izithiyo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu wamamitha endlela. Ngokwezinga elikhulu lokhu kusebenza ezinambuzaneni zasolwandle. Isiziba samachibi nesichibi sihlala ngaphakathi komzimba ofanayo futhi sizama ukungahambeli kude nolwandle ngamabanga amade.

Iqembu lamanzi amabhlokolana amanzi ahlasela ihhashi

Izimbungulu zombhede zidla ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene: izinambuzane ezincane, ama-invertebrates, inhlanzi ethosiwe. Ukuze ubambe inyamazane, izimbambo zamanzi zingashiya ingaphezulu kwamanzi bese ziya emhlabathini. Ogwini nazo zihamba ngokungafanele, njengasechibini. Ebusika, izinambuzane zilala, zibuyela empilweni esebenzayo kuphela eduze kwentwasahlobo. Lesi sikhathi senzeka emhlabeni. Futhi isitha sabo esiyinhloko inhlanzi.

Ama-Lifecycle Nuances

Isinambuzane sibekela amaqanda, lapho ekhetha khona izindawo ezithile echibini. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungamaqabunga ezitshalo zasemanzini. Indlela izidleke zezinambuzane zalolu hlobo inqabile - bahlela inzalo esizayo ngokulandelana.

Kwesinye isikhathi ungathola i-clutch eyodwa noma yeqembu lezinambuzane. Imvamisa basebenzisa umuthi we-mucous ovunyelwe ngabo ngesikhathi sokuzalela ukulungisa amaqanda.

Umqondo wenziwa kuyo yonke inkathi yehlobo. Inani labo lingafinyelela ama-50 ama-pcs. Izibungu ezivelile zibukeka njengabantu abadala, ngaphandle kwezinye izici: usayizi omncane, ukwakheka komzimba okuhlukile. Esigabeni sokuqala sentuthuko, nazo zidla lokhu: izinambuzane, ama-invertebrates.

Izibungu zidla ukudla okufanayo nabantu abadala

Ukubukeka

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-700 zezinambuzane ezinjalo ezihlala emizimbeni yamanzi. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, izimpawu zangaphandle zingahluka kakhulu: umbala, izici zokwakheka, kanye nendlela yokuphila. Uma i-strider yamanzi ejwayelekile icatshangelwa, kungashiwo okulandelayo ngakho: umzimba ophakeme ongafika ku-3 cm, amabanga ama-3 wemilenze yobude obuhlukile, kunalokho amehlo amakhulu, i-villi engavunyelwe amanzi emilenzeni, ukuzwela kwesiphambeko kuhlinzekwa yinyosi etholakala ekhanda.

Ubude bomzimba - ukusuka ku-1 kuya ku-3 amasentimitha. Futhi, ibhungane linamabili amathathu emilenze emincane yobude obuhlukahlukene.

Udla ngosizi lwesiqu, okuqeda amandla kuso inyamazane. Ezinye izinhlobo zaleli qembu zinamaphiko. Umbala wezimbungulu nawo uyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo: kusuka kokumpunga okukhanyayo kuya kombala onsundu. Kukhona nezitha zamanzi eziluhlaza okotshani.

Izimpondo ezinomsindo zitholakala ekhanda lebhungane, zisebenza njengesitho sokuhogela nokuthinta.

Ukubuka konke kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezivame kakhulu

Izimbungulu zombhede ezihlala ngaphezu kwamanzi zivame ukutholakala ezinhlotsheni eziningana:

Isigaxa samanzi esidonsa ngenduku. Ukusuka kwigama ungaqagela ukuthi kungani lesi sinambuzane sibizwa ngale ndlela. Empeleni, bug mncane kangangokuba ifana nenduku. Lolu hlobo luvame eSiberia nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.
Isiziba - isinambuzane esinamaphiko. Umehluko omkhulu umbala ogqamile.
I-strider yamanzi inkulu. Kubonakala ngobukhulu obukhulu (kufika ku-17 mm), kunamaphiko.

Emazweni ashisayo ungahlangana nabameleli abakhulu bomndeni. Badla izinhlanzi ezincane futhi bayakwazi ukuluma umuntu ngobuhlungu.

Ukulimala Nokuzuzisa

Lolu uhlobo olulodwa lwesinambuzane olungabahlaseli abantu kuqala. Kodwa-ke, uma ziphazamiseka, zingakuluma kakhulu. Indawo yokubhoboza ayidingi ukucutshungulwa. Ngokunikezwa kwezici zokudla okunempilo, ungaqagela ukuthi kungani lezi zinambuzane zingaba yingozi: azidli izinambuzane kuphela, kepha inyamazane kuFry fish. Uma sikhuluma ngezinhlobo ezingandile, zingadala ukulimala okukhulu kubantu be-waterfowl.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbungulu zisula ichibi lezilokazane ezifile ngemuva kwesikhathi sasebusika. Enye into ukuthi badla amahhashi. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni kwenombolo yabo. Izimbungulu zihlasela abantu abadala nezibungu. Ukubulala izimpukane zamahhashi, izinambuzane zihlangana ngamaqembu.

Ngabe ngidinga ukubhekana nemichilo yamanzi?

Izimbungulu zemibhede ezingashoni ngenkathi zihamba emanzini azilimazi, ngaphandle kokuthi sikhuluma ngamapulazi ezinhlanzi okufuya izinyoni zamanzi ezingandile. Kwezinye izimo, izimbambo zamanzi ziyizinambuzane ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngosizo lwabo, ichibi ligcinwa lihlanzekile, ngoba lezi zinambuzane zisusa izinambuzane ezifile, kungaba yibhungane elifile, inyosi, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinambuzane ezinjalo zilawula inani lezibungu zamahhashi, okusho ukuthi zinendawo ebalulekile kulayini wokudla futhi asikho isidingo sokubhekana nazo.

Uma ehlobo ulala eduze komfula noma echibini elinokuthula, khona-ke ungabona okuthakazelisa kakhulu - amamitha wamachibi wamachibi (Gerris lacustris). Bahamba ngokudabukisayo nangejubane behambisana nefilimu yokungezwani kwamanzi, sebesakaze ngababili imilenze yangasemuva futhi bebopha izingaphambili zabo, ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi awunaso ngisho nesikhathi sokulandela ukuthi banyamalala kuphi. Lezi zinambuzane zingahamba ngokushesha kunoma iyiphi indawo, kepha kuyaqabukela zishiya ebusweni bamanzi, kuphela uma zihamba ziye ebusika noma kunesidingo sokundizela kwesinye isigodi ziyofuna ukudla.

Ukunyakaza kwabagadli bamanzi kuyashesha: imilenze yabo emide isakazeke kabanzi, bancibilika ngokushesha nangokuxakayo ebusweni bamanzi, kepha bakhetha ukuhamba ngokungahambisani namaqabunga ezitshalo zasemanzini, baphenduka ngokushesha kusuka kumashashazi ukulandela futhi kubasubathi bensimu noma abakhweli, ngenkathi kufana nezicabucabu. Ihamba emanzini, izitebhisi zamanzi ngandlela thile ziyakwazi ukuhlola konke okuzungezile, qaphela inyamazane bese zibheka abalingani bezokuphelisa. Kepha noma kumane kumakhaza phezu kwamanzi, isiphazamiso semitha yamanzi asishonile.

Kungani umgqa wamanzi unganyakazi? Okokuqala, ake sikhumbule impahla eyisisekelo yamanzi - amandla okushayisana komhlaba. Amamolekyuli wamanzi akhiwe ungqimba lomngcele phakathi kwekholomu lamanzi nomoya athinteka ngamandla amakhulu avela ngaphansi kunaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, amafilimu amancane kakhulu amafilimu wamanzi ebusweni. Ubambe intambo yamanzi. Okwesibili, imilenze embozwe ngento eyi-waxy nayo idlala indima enkulu ekunyakazeni kwama-strider amanzi. Kuyabavimbela ukuthi bangamanzi, ngakho-ke, akuvumeli imitha yamanzi ukuba inyanyeze. Ngendlela efanayo, inaliti ejwayelekile ehlanganiswe namafutha izogquma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemilenze esakazeke kabanzi, imitha yamanzi isabalalisa ngokulinganayo isisindo somzimba wakhe ngaphezu kobukhulu bamanzi - lokhu futhi akuvumeli imitha yamanzi ukuba icwile.

Zama ukubamba lesi sinambuzane ngenethi uvemvane bese ucabanga ngesakhiwo somugqa wamanzi. Ama-paws asezingeni lokunamathiselwa emzimbeni aqine. Lokhu izicubu zomzimba, zinesibopho sokunyakaza okuqinile nokushesha kwesinambuzane. Isisu se-water strider sibuye simbozwe ngezinwele ezigcotshwe ngento enamafutha. Yikho i-strider yamanzi ingashoni.

Ukulwa kwe-strider yamanzi nakho kungumbono othakazelisa kanjani. Iqaphela inyamazane: iningi lezinambuzane ezincane eziwela phezu kwamanzi, umhlaseli ngokushesha uphuthuma kuzo futhi abambe izingalo zazo zangaphambilini. Lapho-ke iphoyinti elibukhali lihlaba isisulu, ngalo lapho isilinganisi samanzi simunca ingaphakathi lesisulu esibanjiweyo. I-proboscis ingabukwa ngokugoba futhi iqonde, imvamisa igoba ngaphansi kwesifuba isesimweni sokuthula. Amamitha wamanzi nawo anamaphiko, kepha awawasebenzisi kakhulu, yize athuthukiswe kahle.

Wonke umuntu owake waya echibini wabona izinambuzane ezingavamile zihamba ebusweni bamanzi, njengasesikhathini. Amamitha wamanzi we-genus Gerris angabameleli abajwayelekile bomndeni wamamitha wamanzi weqiniso (i-Gerridae) kusuka kwesizinda se-Bugs (Heteroptera) ye-oda Hemiptera. Zingamalungu eqembu lezimbungulu zomhlaba, eziguquliwe, kepha, zibe yifilimu yasemanzini.

Ubuningi bebhayoloji

Amamitha wamanzi ohlobo lweGerris amancanyana, anomzimba omude, izimbungulu ezinemilenze emide, emide eyindilinga ephakathi nendawo nangemuva. Kusukela emanzini ngemilenze ephakathi, izitebhisi zamanzi zibonakala ngathi ukucwazimula ngokugxuma okude ebusweni bawo, futhi imilenze yangemuva isebenza njenge-helm. Imilenze yangaphambili iqondiswe phambili ukuze kubonakala sengathi imigqa yamanzi inezimpondo ezine, futhi isetshenziselwa kuphela ukubamba inyamazane.
Umbala wamapheshana wamanzi uyavikela - onsundu omnyama, onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi acishe abe mnyama, ahambisane nombala ojwayelekile womphezulu wamanzi okuhlala, ngaphezulu ekunzima ukuwahlukanisa izitha zawo - ikakhulukazi izinyoni.
Izikejana zamanzi zeGerris zinobude bomzimba ongu-1 kuya ku-2 cm.Amakhanda azo athwala amabombo amade, anezingxenye ezine ezenza umsebenzi wokuthinta nowokuhogela. Amehlo amakhulu spherical protrude ngandlela thize ngaphezu komugqa womzimba. I-proboscis enamandla igobe phansi iqukethe izingxenye ezine. Esimweni esizolile, i-proboscis igobile ngaphansi kwesifuba.

Imilenze yangaphambili ye-strider yamanzi imfushane, iphakathi nendawo futhi ingemuva imilenze mncane futhi yinde. Abakhuphulanga okhalweni kanye nemilenze ephansi kuphela, kodwa futhi nengxenye yokuqala ye-paw. Amacala kuzo acothambile kunakwimilenze yokuqala futhi abekwa engxenyeni yonyawo, kepha kude nebanga lawo. Lama-paws ambozwe ngokubomvu ngezinwele ezingenamanzi, lapho, njengeziqamelo, i-strider strider yamanzi ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi.
Endaweni yokujoyina umzimba, imilenze yamamitha wamanzi iqine kakhulu: kulapho izicubu zomzimba zilele, okunikeza isilwane ithuba lokunyakaza okusheshayo nokuqinile.
Ngemilenze yakhe emide ephakathi, umgabeli wamanzi uGerris unika umzimba wakhe i-push eqinile, ewuphonsa ngemitha yekota phambili. Imilenze yangemuva yenza umsebenzi osizayo futhi isebenza njengesihele.
Imilenze yombhangqwana ngamunye idonswa phambili kanyekanye. Ngokunyakaza okunjalo, i-strider yamanzi ngokushesha igxuma isinambuzane esivele siphume emanzini noma iwele emanzini futhi singazange sibe nesikhathi sokuntywila, siyibambe ngemilenze yayo yangaphambili bese siyinamunca nge-phenoscis yayo.
Uhlangothi lwesisu somzimba wamamitha wamanzi lumbozwe izinwele ezimhlophe, zigcotshwe ngento enamafutha, ngakho-ke amanzi awanamatheli emzimbeni wakhe nasemilenzeni. Uma ufaka imitha yamanzi emanzini, khona-ke kuvela ukuthi ugqokiswe ungqimba lomoya wesiliva. Amandla adonsela phansi amamitha wamanzi angaphezulu kokwenza kobunye, isb. isinda ukwedlula amanzi, kepha le nzuzo ayisiyinhle kangako ukunqoba ukungezwani kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, izinyawo zamamitha wamanzi zihamba kancane nje kwifilimu engemanzi, engabonakala kalula ngokubuka ohlangothini endaweni yezimpawu ezincane ze-aquarium ebusweni bamanzi abumba endaweni yokuxhumana. Ezinye izingwevu zamanzi ezindala zinamaphiko akhule kahle - zimboza sonke isisu kusuka phezulu. Kwabanye abantu abadala, amaphiko afinyeziwe (amafomu amakhulu), kanti okwesithathu, awekho ngokuphelele (amafomu wokugcwala). Kodwa-ke, izimbangi zamanzi akuvamile ukundiza.

Ubusika bungashintshwa ubusika esifundeni sabadala (abantu abadala) emhlabeni, ukukhwela ku-moss, ngaphansi kwamatshe, noma ukucasha phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla. Imiphetho yokuhlanganisa amanzi ivela entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, amaqanda abekwa emanzini amasentimitha ambalwa ngaphansi kobuso bawo. Ubude bamaqanda bungaphezu kuka-1 mm; ukubukeka kwabo kungama-cylindrical, anemiphetho eyindilinga. Abahambi bamanzi babeka amaqanda abo emaqabungeni ezitshalo zasemanzini, bawabeka ngokulandelana, kanti amaqanda kwesinye isikhathi axhunyaniswa ngento enama-mucous, ukubumbana okunjalo kubukeka njengentambo ende efana nejelly equkethe amaqanda angafika kwangama-50. Umqondo wenziwa ehlobo lonke. Ngemuva cishe kwesonto, izibungu ezingaba ngu-1 mm ubude, ziphuzi ngombala, ziphuma emaqanda. Ngemuva kwehora baba mnyama. Konke ukuthuthukiswa kwama-larval kuyaqhubeka cishe izinsuku ezingama-40. Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda kulo lonke ihlobo bese kuvela isizukulwane sesibili sezinambuzane engxenyeni yaso yesibili. Ngakho-ke, kanye nabantu abadala echibini ungahlala uhlangabezana nezibungu zeminyaka ehlukile.

Ukuhamba kwamamitha wamanzi kuhluke kakhulu - angakwazi ukubuka phezulu kwamanzi kwifilimu, agxume kahle, agijime kahle emhlabeni futhi andize kabi. Ngesikhathi semvula nomoya ovunguzayo, kanye nasekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika, izikejana zamanzi ziwela ogwini. Lapho, babengekho neze lapho bezulazula “kuwo womane” (emilenzeni ephakathi nangemuva), bahlela ubusika ngaphansi kwamagxolo esiqu, ku moss, ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile nakwezinye izindawo ezivalekile.
Njengezinye izimbungulu zamanzi, izihlukanisi zamanzi ziphefumula umoya osemkhathini. Ngokungafani nezimbungulu ezingaphansi kwamanzi, ama-strider amanzi awadingi ukuntanta ebusweni ukuphefumula, ngoba empeleni bahlala emoyeni. Uhlelo lokuphefumula lwamapheshana amanzi, njengezinambuzane eziningi zomhlaba, lumelelwa ngohlelo lwe-trachea. E-trachea, umoya ungena ngethonya, noma okokuklanywa, okusezinhlangothini ze-mesothorax ne-metathorax nasengxenyeni ngayinye yesisu.
Izisulu zamanzi ziyizisulu ezisebenzayo. Zidla ngokuphila ngama-invertebrates amancane, kaningi izinambuzane, eziwela ngaphezu kwamanzi noma ezintantayo ebusweni bawo ukusuka ekujuleni. Ikakhulu, izimbambo zamanzi zidla izipikili eziningi, zihlala phezu kwamanzi, futhi zibambe omiyane ngesikhathi besuka. Izimpungushe zamahhashi nezibungu zazo zibamba iqhaza elikhulu ekunakekelweni kwezakhi zamanzi. Ibona inyamazane ngamehlo ayo amakhulu aqondayo, iqulu lamanzi liyamphuthume liyibambe imilenze yangaphambili. Lapho-ke isigaxa samanzi sifaka i-proboscis yaso ebukhali kwesisisulu futhi, njengesiphuzo esivamile, sithatha inyamazane yaso.

Izimbungulu zombhede, ezifaka i-strider yamanzi, zibonakaliswa inguquko engaphelelanga, i.e. izibungu zazo aziwohlokanga ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka futhi zifana noma zincane kakhulu kubantu abadala kulo lonke umjikelezo wokuthuthuka. Izibungu zemigqa nazo zifana nesinambuzane esidala ngokubukeka.
- Abanye abantu abadala bamamitha wamanzi we-Gerris (hhayi bonke) abakwazi ukundiza - ekwindla kanye nehlobo, uma kungenzeka womiswe ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcina amanzi (ipuddle) abahlala kuyo, amamitha wamanzi angandizela kwamanye amadamu aqhele ngamakhilomitha athile. Ngemuva kokuhlala ubusika, balahlekelwa amandla abo okundiza, ngoba izicubu zabo ezindizayo ziyancibilika ebusika, zibahlinzeka ngokuhlinzekwa okuyisisekelo kwamandla ukuze kube khona futhi kuzalwe kabusha entwasahlobo.

Okunye okuthokozisayo yizingqinamba zamanzi asolwandle (amaHalobates) ezihlala ngaphezu kolwandle olushisayo.Batholakale olwandle oluvulekile olungamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kusetshenziswa i-electron microscopy nezinye izindlela, kuye kwaboniswa ukuthi izembozo zamamitha wamanzi wasolwandle zinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi zivikela lesi sinambuzane kumanzi olwandle nasemisebeni ye-ultraviolet.
- Izinhlobo ezingama-46 zohlobo lwe-Halobates zihlukaniswe ngokusobala zasogwini nasolwandlekazi. Ngasogwini olungaphezulu - izinhlobo ezingama-41. Zigcinwa eduze komhlaba, ezixhotsheni nasezingxenyeni zemihlume. futhi babeka amaqanda abo emadwaleni, ezihlahleni zomhubhe nakuma-coral avela emanzini asezingeni eliphansi. Izinhlobo ezi-5 zilahlekelwe konke ukuxhumana nogu futhi zitholakala kuphela olwandle oluvulekile (iPacific, Indian kanye ne-1 Izinhlobo - e-Atlantic). Izinsikazi zezinhlobo zasolwandle zibekela amaqanda azo ezintweni ezintantayo, kwesinye isikhathi okuyizinto ezingejwayelekile kakhulu. Amaqanda ezimpophoma zamanzi olwandle atholakala kuzithelo, izimpaphe zezinyoni, izingcezu zokhuni, ipulasitiki kanye ne-pumice, kumagobolondo, angenalutho nangomgcini ophilayo.
- Ngonyaka we-2002, kutholakala umquba wamanzi opulasitiki ongu-4 litre oLwandlekazi olushisayo lwasePacific, embozwe amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-70 kaH. Njengoba insikazi eyodwa ingazalela amaqanda angama-10, kusho ukuthi abesifazane abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa basebenzise le canister.

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-700 zezinambuzane ezinjalo ezihlala emizimbeni yamanzi. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, izimpawu zangaphandle zingahluka kakhulu: umbala, izici zokwakheka, kanye nendlela yokuphila.
- Ngokusho kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa okwenziwe ososayensi baseChinese, unyawo olungu-1 lungabamba isisindo semitha yamanzi ngaphezulu kwezingu-15.
- Bafinyelela isivinini esikhulu sokunyakaza, besebenzisa inqubo ethokozisayo: ngokuntywilisela emaphethelweni emilenzeni emanzini, bakha imingcwabo emincane. Ngokusekelwe ezindongeni zabo, i-strider yamanzi yenza ukuphonsa ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, uyakwazi ukumboza ibanga elilingana nobukhulu obuyi-100 bomzimba wakhe ngomzuzwana. Uma ungalinganisa le nqubo ibe ngosayizi womuntu, angakwazi ukukhulisa isivinini esifinyelela ku-650 km / h.
- Ngaphezu kombono omuhle kakhulu, ama-strider amanzi asebenzisa kakhulu enye indlela ethile yokuthola ulwazi mayelana nomhlaba owazungezile, okujwayelekile izicabucabu.
- Okokuqala, ukuxhumana okunjalo kusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwabobulili obuhlukile. Lapho umgabazi wamanzi wesilisa ethola umbhede womshado opholile - kungaba yinto ehleliwe noma entantayo, ngokwesibonelo, isitshalo samanzi noma ucezu lwamagxolo - uyayibamba ayibambe ngezinyawo noma iqhwa eduze futhi aqale ukunikela ngezimpawu zokunxusa, eshaya ngezinyawo zakhe ngaphezulu kwamanzi. Isiginali ngayinye ngayinye iqala kumvamisa ophakeme kakhulu we-23-29 Hz (okungukuthi, ukushaya ngomzuzwana), bese izinza ku-18-20 Hz bese iphetha kumvamisa ophansi we-10- 17 Hz. Owesilisa uthumela cishe izinguqulo eziyi-15 ezinjalo. Uma insikazi ebazwayo inquma ukuphendula, isuka iye kowesilisa, inikeze izibonakaliso zokuphendula - nge-amplitude ephansi, kepha imvamisa ephakeme, 22-25 Hz. Lapho ezwa impendulo, iduna liqala ukuthumela izinkomba ezifanayo kowesifazane futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziyehla ziye kuye
- Kusetshenziswa ukuqoshwa kwevidiyo, abacwaningi abavela eCanada bakwazile ukuhlaziya ukuthi ama-strider amanzi esilisa enza kanjani kubantu besifazane. Kuyavela ukuthi abesilisa basebenzisa izimpondo zabo ezimise okocingo ukuze banciphise ukunyakaza kowesifazane nowakwakhe ngempumelelo naye. USolwazi Locke Rowe waseNyuvesi yaseToronto uphakamisa ukuthi abesilisa bakhiqize izinduna ezinjengalezi ukuze zihambisane kahle nokukhanda kwekhanda lowesifazane.

Izinhlobo Rheumatobates rileyi zingokweqembu lezimbungulu ezihlala echibini nasemifuleni yaseCanada, lapho kuthiwa yizingcekeza zamanzi. Leli qembu lezinambuzane laziwa "ngempi yabesifazane", njengoba abesifazane nabesilisa benza ezokulwa kwangempela ngesikhathi sokuzala. "Abesifazane bangakwazi ukugcina isidoda esitholwe ngemuva kokuhlangana, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuba kubuye kabusha, ngakho-ke kuyindleko ebizayo. Kubiza kakhulu ngoba ukukhula komzimba kuvimbela owesilisa ukuba adle ngendlela ejwayelekile futhi kukhulisa ubungozi bakhe"
- Iqembu lamarobhothi avela eSeoul University ngaphansi kobuholi bukaProfessor Kyuchin Cho, lapho efunde ngokucophelela ukwakheka nokuziphatha kwamamitha wamanzi, enza amarobhothi amancane angashona ebusweni bamanzi ngendlela efanayo nezinambuzane ezimangazayo. Ngokusho kwabaphenyi, bamane bakhangwa yilezi zidalwa ezincane. “Ngikholwe, ukudala irobhothi kuthakazelisa kakhulu ukwedlula, yithi inja noma inyoni yamarobhothi. Izimbangi zamanzi ziyamangalisa. Kungakho sifike esinqumeni sokukhiqiza kabusha indlela yabo yokunyakaza eyingqayizivele edivayisini yama-robot, ”kusho uCho etshela izintatheli zaseKorea.

Ukuze ithonsi lamanzi lisabalale ngaphezulu kwendawo ethile eqinile, i-engela yokuxhumana kwayo nendawo kufanele ibe bukhali (ngaphansi kwama-90 degrees), futhi engela lokuxhumana kwayo nezinwele zemitha yamanzi ngenxa ye-nanorelief ihlala ilufifi. Kunamacala emvelweni: umkhohlisi ungcono! Ngendlela, ngokuya "ngamakhaza phansi", imilenze enoboya ye-strider yamanzi ithatha indawo yokuqala - ama-168 degrees. (Ukuqhathanisa, imininingwane kwezinye izinto ezingekho emthanjeni: iqabunga le-lotus - ama-degree angu-160, izimpaphe zamadada - 150, Teflon - 120.)
- Amamitha wamanzi adonsela phezulu emanzini, ngesiNgisi okubizwa ngokuthi izimbungulu zikaJesu.
- Futhi ekugcineni, izimbangi zamanzi ezisabekayo zihlala zigijimela enyakatho.

Isinqamu samanzi esiyizinambuzane: kungani le bug encane yabizwa kanjalo?

"I-strider yamanzi" - igama lebhungane, elijwayele amazwe akhuluma isiRussia. Okhokho bethu beza naleli gama, bebheka ukuthi isinambuzane sikhonkotha kanjani emanzini. Babenombono wokuthi kwakubonakala sengathi kulinganisa amanzi ngokunyakaza kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli gama linamathele ku-bug kangangokuba ngisho nanamuhla lisabizwa kanjalo. Yize ngesiNgisi igama lakhe lizwakala njenge-strider yamanzi, okusho ukuthi "ukugijima emanzini."

Imininingwane yokubuka ejwayelekile

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi yisinambuzane esivame kakhulu. I-strider yamanzi ihlala cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezibandayo ze-Arctic ne-Antarctic. Ososayensi babheka lezi zidalwa njengengxenye yomndeni wezinambuzane ezinamaphiko, isigatshana sezimbungulu. Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-700 zamamitha amanzi ayaziwa, ezingafani ngokubukeka nosayizi kuphela, kodwa futhi nangendlela yazo yokuphila ejwayelekile.

Amandla okugijima kumaza

Isigaxa samanzi siyisinambuzane, incazelo yaso ehlala ihlala endabeni ephathelene nekhono layo elimangalisayo lokumelana nezinto zamanzi. Manje ukuphatha kanjani ukuthi angacwila? Into ekhona ukuthi ama-paws wesiphoko ambozwe ngento ethile ekhethekile, ekwakhiweni kwayo kufana namafutha. Lokhu kwakha uhlobo lwesithiyo esivimba izitho ukuthi zingangeni emanzini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinambuzane zingasabalalisa isisindo ngokufanelekile: umthwalo awelele endaweni eyodwa, kepha udluliselwe ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke amalungu ayisithupha. Ngokuqondene nesivinini esiphezulu sokunyakaza, kutholakala ngemivimbo esheshayo, edonswayo. Yibona abadala iziphithiphithi ngemuva kwe-strider yamanzi abayicindezelayo phambili.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-bug ikwazi ukubhukuda zombili ebusweni obucwathile, naphakathi kwamagagasi. Yile khono elivumela amamitha wamanzi ukuhlala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezidumbu zamanzi, okwandisa kakhulu ukusinda kwawo, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, inani labantu.

Ukudla

Ungacabangi ukuthi lesi yisinambuzane esinokuthula, i-water strider siyisisulu sangempela. Uhlasela ngesibindi noma yisiphi isidalwa esincane esasinganeme ukuba phezu kwamanzi. Ukudelela okunjalo kunesizathu, ngoba ezinye izinambuzane azikwazi ukukuphindisela, ngokuba yinto engeyona yazo.

Umgomo wokuzingela emigudwini yamanzi ulula kakhulu. Lapho nje inyamazane ingena emanzini, igeleza ngokushesha kuyo futhi inamathele emzimbeni ngama-forelegs anjenge-hook. Ngemuva kwalokho umhlaseli uhlubula igobolondo lesisulu ngosizo lwe-proboscis ebukhali esekhanda. Ngemuva kwesilinganiso samanzi kuhlala kumunca kuphela uketshezi emzimbeni wesidalwa esingesihle.

Izici zokuziphatha kwezitha zamanzi

Abaningi bacabanga ngephutha ukuthi lesi izinambuzane zasemanzini kuphela. Isigaxa samanzi sichitha iningi lempilo yaso echibini, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi uyehluleka ukunqoba ezinye izinto. Isibonelo, unamaphiko okwenza izindiza ezincane. Uyawusebenzisa uma kwenzeka ichibi lakhe lokuzalwa liqala ukoma futhi kudingeka athole indawo yokukhosela entsha.

Futhi, lezi zinambuzane zingakwazi ukukhamba emhlabathini. Benza lokhu ngokungafanele, njengoba imilenze emincane ihlala ibambeka emifantu nasemaphutheni amancane. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwalokhu, umhlaba owomile ubalulekile kubo. Into ekhona ukuthi izigaxa zamanzi azikwazi ukubusika emanzini, yingakho zifuna indlu efudumele emhlabathini noma esihlahleni. Ngakho-ke, lena ihlukile ngokweqiniso, ngoba ukwazile ukunqoba izinto ezintathu ngasikhathi sinye.

(Coleodactylus amazonicus)

Ngosayizi we-2 kuya ku-4 cm kuphela, i-gecko emfushane yaseBrazil ayimangazi! Yize isengozini yezimvula ezinkulu, le gecko iye yathuthukisa isikhumba esiyi-hydrophobic esivumela ukuba sihambe futhi ngihlale phezu kwamanzi. I-gecko emnyama yaseBrazil idla ama-invertebrates amancane anjengamaza namikhaza. Futhi yena uqobo angaba yisisulu sezinambuzane ezinjengamamilayidi kanye nezicabucabu. Lama-geckos ahlala emahlathini emvula ase-Amazonia aseNingizimu Melika.

(IHydrobatidae)

Ngokungafani nezinye izilwane kulolu hlu, le nyoni ayihambi phezu kwamanzi, yize lo mbono udaliwe. izinyoni ezincane zasolwandle ezidla ama-crankaceans ama-planktonic nezinhlanzi ezincane. Bahlwitha izisulu zabo emanzini, bezulazula kakhulu ngaphezu kwamanzi. Kungakho kubukeka sengathi inyoni ihamba phezu kwamanzi, kepha empeleni isondele kakhulu ebusweni bayo.

Ihlukaniswe yaba yimindeni emibili esezansi. Subfamily Oceanitinae lapho izinhlobo ezingama-7 zitholakala ikakhulu emanzini aseningizimu. Zinezimpiko ezimfishane, imisila eyisikwele, izithungo eziphakeme.

I-AT subfamily Hydrobatinae Izinhlobo eziyi-14 ezinamaphiko amade, omsila owenziwe bifurcated noma wedigge. Lawa ma-petals akhawulelwe engxenyeni esenyakatho, yize abanye bengavakashela noma bazale kude kude ne-ikhwetha.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka .

I-strider yamanzi iyilungu lomndeni we-strider yamanzi, okuyi-oda ye-bugs (i-Hemiptera) futhi iguqulwa ukuze ibhebhetheke ngaphezu kwamanzi amile.

Yini esiza i-porcupine ukuthi ihlale phezu kwamanzi?

Kuphephile ukusho nge-porcupine ukuthi noma ingafuna, ngeke ikwazi ukudonsa, ngoba imithambo engaphakathi kwezinaliti zayo eziningi igcwele umoya. Lokhu kusiza isilwane ukuthi sihlale phezu kwamanzi.

Njengoba kungabonakala ekuhlolweni: ibhola enjoloba eluhlaza ayicwengeki, nebhola elipinki eligcwele ukuntanta komoya. Kanye ne-porcupine. Lokhu, yiqiniso, ngeke kubizwe ngokuhamba phezu kwamanzi, kunalokho ukubhukuda.

Yini esiza izinyoni ukuba zihlale zithandeka?

Sibonile kaningi emachibini ukuthi ukubhukuda, amadada kubhukuda kanjani. Zigcinwa kalula.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimpaphe zazo azinalutho, futhi zihlangana ndawonye ngokuqinile, zidala igebe lomoya. Izimpaphe zezinyoni zibuye zibe no-lubricant ezivikela ukuthi zingamanzi. Imizimba yabo ikhiqiza amanoni. Ngomlomo waso, le nyoni ihlala igcoba amaplamu ayo ngamafutha, anciphisa amanzi. Amanzi awakwazi ukumisa izimpaphe, esiza inyoni ukuthi ifudumale futhi ihlale emanzini.

Kulula ukukuqinisekisa lokhu ngesipiliyoni esilandelayo: sithatha amabhola womucu amabili bese sicwilisa esisodwa sawo emafutheni wemifino. Ngemuva kwalokho sibafake ezingilazini ngamanzi bese sibona ukuthi ibhola eline-oyile le-glitter, kwesibili laminza.

Futhi i-waterfowl "iyagijima" emanzini lapho uhamba. Ngakho-ke bayakwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu. Ngokushesha ngeminwe ngama-paws abo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye besebenza ngamaphiko abo, bayashesha kuze kube yilapho bethola isivinini esanele sokukhipha. Ngemuva kwalokho bayazisusa ebusweni bamanzi ngamandla abo bonke bese behamba. Kubukeka njengendiza ekuhambeni.

Yini egcina ibhungane ligudla umugqa wamanzi?

Isigaxa samanzi sizizwa sikhululekile kakhulu emanzini, sisasele. Imilenze yakhe imbozwe izinkulungwane zezinwele ezincane ezingamanzi.

Uma ubhekisisa, ungabona ukuthi lapho imilenze yakhe emincane ethambile ithinta khona amanzi, kuphuma amatshe amancane emanzini. Ingaphezulu lamanzi liziphatha sengathi limbozwe ngefilimu enjoloba, enwebeka ngaphansi kwesisindo seBhungane, kepha ayiphuli ngasikhathi sinye. Amanzi aphendula ngengcindezi evela ngaphakathi ngaphandle, ukuzama ukubuyisa indawo yayo ebushelelezi. Le nto ibizwa ngokuthi ukungezwani kwamanzi. Ingabonakala kwisipuni esigcwaliswe emaphethelweni amanzi - amanzi ku-spoon anjenge- "slide", kubonakala ngokucacile kokuhlangenwe nakho. Ithonsi lamanzi endizeni, ku-zero amandla adonsela phansi ligcina isimo sebhola kuphela ngenxa yamandla okushayisana komhlaba. Ibizwa nangokuthi "isikhumba" samanzi.

Sikwazi ukubona ubukhona bamandla ngaphezulu kwamanzi kulokhu kuhlolwa okulandelayo: sizofaka inaliti yokuthunga yensimbi noma isiqeshana sephepha emanzini. Bona, njenge-strider yamanzi, bayobanjwa ebusweni bayo.

Lezi zivivinyo zikhombisa ukuthi indawo ephezulu yamanzi ingabanjwa endaweni yamandla wobungako bamanzi baphezulu. Isisindo sesinambuzane silinganiselwe ukungezwani komhlaba, amandla awo adlula isisindo somzimba samamitha wamanzi. Ngenxa yalokhu, imitha yamanzi ihlala iguquguqukayo futhi ikwazi ukwenza ukugxumela phezulu emoyeni njengomuntu ogxuma nge-trampoline. Ngakho-ke, izingqinamba zamanzi zinjengokungathi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-gait: gxuma emoyeni bese lizulazula emanzini. Abaningi bethu babukele ukuthi ngobuhlakani izimbungulu ze-strider zamanzi zibheke ngaphesheya kwamanzi! Ijubane lokunyakaza kwabo lifinyelela ku-100 km / h. Bakwenza kanjani? Ososayensi bakufakazele ukuthi iziqaqa zamanzi zisebenzisa izinyawo zazo njengama-oars. Kuphela abagxilisa "oars" babo emanzini. Izibaya zakha imigodi ebusweni bamanzi. Lezi zimbobo zisebenza njengebhande le-paddle. Ukushaywa ngakunye kwakha ngemuva kwe-paws i-mini-vortex, i-swirls emanzini. Ngenxa yalokhu, imitha yamanzi iqhubekela phambili, njengokungathi iqhubukusha isuka “odongeni lwendawo yokuphumula”, njengoba kukhonjisiwe emfanekisweni.

Ipatheni yonyawo eyenziwe lula

Ngabe isililo se-basilisk sihamba kanjani emanzini?

I-basilisk esetshenzisiwe ihlala enkabeni neMelika. Inesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-100. I-basilisk yisidalwa esingajwayelekile esihamba emanzini ngesivinini esingafika ku-12 km / h, i.e. eshesha kabili njengabantu. Ukuhlala phezu kwamanzi nokugijima kuwo kanye nesigaqa kusiza imivimbo evamile yama-paws. Kulokhu, imigodi enezindonga ivela emanzini. Lezi zindonga, ezinemiphumela ephindaphindwe ngokushesha, zisebenza ngokuqinile esikhathini esifushane phakathi kwemithelela emibili esondelene. Lapho i-lizard icindezela amanzi ngonyawo lwayo phansi nangasemuva, amanzi aphendula ngamandla afanayo, ewaquqela phezulu naphambili. Lapho ibuyiswa, ibhungane ligijimela emanzini like lomhlaba owomile.

Ngabe i-angler spider ihamba kanjani emanzini?

Indlela enamakhono kakhulu i-pisaurid, i-angler spider. Ingashona emanzini, njengoba kwenza i-strider yamanzi. Ikwazi ukuma emanzini emilenzeni yayo yangemuva futhi igijime njengeqhubu le-basilisk! Kepha indlela esheshayo yokuhambisa isicabucabu ukuhamba ngomkhumbi. Lapho umoya uvunguza, isicabucabu siguqula amaphambili waso, noma siphakamise umzimba wonke futhi sivumele umoya ukuba usidonsele emanzini, njengesikejana esihamba ngomkhumbi. Noma ukusunduza komoya okuncane kungakuthwalela kuwo wonke ichibi.

Njengoba kwenzeka, izidalwa ezimbalwa kakhulu ezikwazi ukuhamba phezu kwamanzi.

Kwavela usuku olujabulisayo. Namuhla ufunde ukuthi i-physics isebenza kanjani emvelweni. Ngithemba ukuthi ubuthakasela. Futhi uma ubuthanda isayensi yokuzijabulisa, yemukela isipho esivela kimi. Iqoqo lezilingo ezihehayo, izivivinyo namaqhinga ngamanzi.

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