Izilwane zihlala zodwa, ngazimbili zihlala zenzelwe kuphela isikhathi sokuzala. Uma umbhangqwana ungaqhekeki, khona-ke kuhlale kunesizathu salokhu - ngokwesibonelo, usayizi omncane wamapulani ngamanye, ukuntuleka kwamakhefu noma izindawo zokudla ezinqunyelwe. Kepha ngisho kulezi zimo, ama-jumpers ahlala endaweni eyodwa ngaphandle kokukhulumisana. Uhlelo olunjalo lungabizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lokusebenzisana olusebenzayo: akukho ukubambisana phakathi kwabantu, ngalunye luhlala lodwa
Umlando Wempilo eZoo
Isipiliyoni sokugcina ama-jumpers sibonisa ukuthi kufanele kube khona iphuzu lokushisa ku-aviary - Ukushisa. Le ndawo engaphansi kwesibani isetshenziswa yizilwane. Umoya kufanele womile. Ukudla kwansuku zonke kufanele kube nokudla okuhlukahlukene, njengoba izilwane zidla okuncane, kepha isikhathi ngasinye ukudla okuhlukile.
Ama-jumpers angabonakala endaweni ebekwe embukisweni ye “Night World” lapho kubuthelwa khona inhlabathi enesihlabathi namagatsha asohlangwini olungaphezulu. Ama-jumper jumpers ahlala nama-sleepyheads ase-Afrika. Njengoba izilwane zisebenzisa izihlahla ezahlukahlukene zokubekwa kuzo, zihlangana kahle. Phambilini ama-jumpers ahlangane kahle namagundane anemigqa, futhi akubanga khona ngxabano phakathi kwezilwane.
Ama-feed ku-aviary atholakala ku-udoti kumabhodwe ahlome ngokukhethekile. Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwe-jumpers kufaka izinambuzane, izithelo, izaqathi egayiwe, ushizi we-cottage, iqanda lenkukhu elipholile, amantongomane aqhekekile, imifino (ulethisi, i-dandelions, iklabishi), ukudla kwezingane. Amanzi anikezwa ngokweqile. Yize ama-jumpers edla okuncane, kufanele abe nokudla okusha njalo.
Okwamanje ayimelwe e-zoo
Umsebenzi wokucwaninga nalesi zinhlobo eMoo Zoo
1. G.V. IVakhrusheva, I.A. I-Alekseicheva, O.G. U-Ilchenko, 1995 "Izindlovu ezimfishane zezindlovu: ukugcina nokuzala ekudingisweni, isipiliyoni sokondla amawundlu", Ucwaningo lwesayensi emapaki wezilwane, lukhipha u-5
2. S.V. I-Popov, A.S. U-Popov, 1995 "Ngabe ukushintshwa kwezimo kuyayithinta indlela yokusebenza kwezindlovu ezinamazinyo amafushane (iMacroscelides proboscideus), Ucwaningo lweSayensi kumaPaki weZoological, Isibalo 5
3. A.S. I-Popov, 1997 "Ezinye izici zokuziphatha kwezindlovu ezinamehlo amancane (ama-Macroscelides proboscideus) lapho kuchazwa iMoo Zoo", Ucwaningo lwesayensi emapaki ezilwane, lukhipha 9
4.S.R. I-Sapozhnikova, O.G. Ilchenko, G.V. UVakhrusheva, ngo-1997 "izinsimbi ezijwayelekile zezingwevu zezindlovu ezimfushane (iMacroscelides proboscideus) ekudingisweni", Ucwaningo lwesayensi emapaki wezilwane, lukhipha 9
5. S.V. I-Popov, O.G. Ilchenko, E.Yu. I-Olehnovich, ka-1998 "Ukusebenza Kwezilwane Ekuchazeni" Ubusuku Bomhlaba "," Ucwaningo Lwesayensi Kwezindawo Zokuhlala Zendalo, Isikhombi 10
6.S.R. I-Sapozhnikova, O.G. Ilchenko, G.V. UVakhrusheva, ngo-1998 “Ukuziphatha Kwama-Elevet E-Elevet Flying in Pair Fuction”, Ucwaningo Lwesayensi Kwezindawo Zokuhlala Zendalo, Isikhombi 10
7.O.G. Ilchenko, G.V. UVakhrusheva, ngo-1999 "Amandla emisebenzi yansuku zonke yeqembu lomndeni wezindlovu ezinamehlo amancane (ama-Macroscelides proboscideus), ucwaningo lweSayensi kumapaki wezilwane, likhipha u-11
8.O.G. Ilchenko, G.V. IVakhrusheva, S.R. ISapozhnikova, 2003 "Ukuveliswa kabusha kwama-Short-Eared Elephants Jumpers (Macroscelides proboscideus) eMosco Zoo", Isayensi Yezokucwaninga Kwamapaki eZoological, Isikhalazo 16
Ahlala kuphi ama-jumpers?
Lezi zakhamuzi zasemini zezindawo zokuhlala ezinamathuba amaningi zitholakala e-Afrika kuphela (ngaphandle kweNtshonalanga Afrika kanye neSahara), lapho zihlala khona izindawo ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye izinhlobo zithanda ugwadule, ama-steppes noma ama-savannahs, ezinye zithanda amathafa amatshe angamatshe, kanti ezinye zithanda ama-taluse amatshe, kanti ezinye zithanda iziqu zamahlathi asezintabeni.
Indawo yokuhlala kanye nenani le-jumper yendlovu
Indawo yemvelo yama-bouncers yi-Afrika eyomile. Ikakhulu ingxenye eseningizimu yezwe, indawo yaseNamibia kanye neBotswana. Indawo yabo ephelele ifinyelela kumakhilomitha skwele asigamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esikhathini esiningi zitholakala ngqo kulezo zindawo ezazingahlaswanga yizakhi zofuzo, zikhetha indawo eyihlane enezikethi ezinotshani ezingadingeki nezihlanganayo.
Kuyamangaza ukuthi ngenxa yokusakazeka okuqinile kwesibalo sendawo enkulukazi ngo-1996, ama-jumpers abhalwe ngephutha kuRed Book njengenye yezinhlobo ezisengozini. Kepha sekudlule iminyaka eyi-7, ososayensi basicubungule isinqumo sabo, basithatha isimo sesilwane njengokujwayelekile: "baphume engozini." Futhi okwamanje, ukuphela kwengozi ethinta kabi ukwakhiwa kwalezi zilwane kuwukuchithwa kwendalo okuhlalwa kuyo.
Ukuchazwa kwangaphandle kwe-bouncer enezinwele ezimfushane
I-jumper enezinwele ezimfishane yincane kunazo zonke phakathi kwawo wonke umndeni we-jumper. Ubude bomzimba wakhe abudluli amasentimitha ayi-12,5.
Kepha umsila walezi zilwane mude impela. Ubude baso buqala ngamasentimitha angama-9,7 kuya ku-13.7. Ngokuvamile, kungashiwo ukuthi ukubonakala kwe-jumper enezinwele ezimfushane kujwayelekile kubamele abamele umndeni okulo.
I-jumper enezinwele ezimfushane (Macroscelides proboscideus).
Isifinyezo esilinganiselwe esifushane se-jumper enamehlo amade kakhulu. Izindlebe zesilwane, uma ziqhathaniswa namanye ama-jumpers, zizungezwe ziqine kakhulu futhi zimfushane ngokuthe xaxa kunabanye abamele le nhlobo.
Izinzwani zokuqala emilenzeni ingemuva zinobala futhi mncane ngosayizi. Ijazi lithambile, likhulu futhi lide ngokwanele.
Isidumbu esingaphezulu sinombala osawolintshi-ophuzi, ompunga onsundu, ophuzi ngokungcolile ophuzi, onesihlabathi esinsundu noma esimnyama. Isisu sivame ukuba mhlophe ngombala onsundu.
I-jumper enezinwele ezimfishane, ngokungafani namanye amalungu omndeni, ayinazo izindandatho zokukhanya ezizungeze amehlo.
Umuntu oshaya insikazi onama-short-eyred anezimbambo ezintathu zezingono, kanti igebhegi lakhe libonakala ngemigqomo ebabayo kakhulu. Indlela yamazinyo yalawa ama-jumpers ingama-40. Ngokuthabisako, isisusa esingaphezulu salokhu saleli litha sincane. Azikho izindandatho zokukhanya ezizungeze amehlo okubonakala kwamanye ama-jumpers. Umsila unama-pubescent kahle futhi une-gland ehlukile ecebeni lawo eliphansi.
Abukeka kanjani ama-jumpers?
Ngaphandle, ama-jumpers afana nejezi elikhulu. Ubude bomzimba wezilwane kanye nekhanda, kuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane, kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-30 cm, banesisindo kusuka ku-45 kuye ku-500 amagremu. Umsila wezilwane zinde, cishe zilingana nobude bomzimba, zimbozwe izinwele ezimfushane. Uboya bukhulu futhi buthambile, ngokwezithunzi ezahlukahlukene ezimpunga nezimnyama.
Kuthiwa uNkulunkulu, ngokudala i-jumper, wabonakala edlala njengabaguquli: wathatha izinyawo zakhe zangemuva nge-kangaroo, isiqu kanye nomsila ku-rat, kanye ne-proboscis endlovu. Ezinye izinhlobo zinamaphakeji esihlathini, afana nama-hamsters, lapho ama-jumpers abeka khona ukudla. Eqinisweni, inhlanganisela enjalo engajwayelekile yezici ukuzivumelanisa nezilwane okusebenzayo kakhulu ezimweni ezinzima zokuphila.
Into emangalisa kakhulu nge-jumper mhlawumbe i-proboscis ende ende. Isilwane singasiphakamisa, sehlise futhi sikujikele. Ekhaleni elinjalo elingavamile lisiza i-jumper ukuba izwakale inyamazane yayo ngokuphelele - izintuthwane, izibungu kanye nezinye izidalwa ezihlaselayo.
Izinyawo ezingemuva ezingemuva ezinezithende eziphakeme kakhulu zifana nezingalo ze-kangaroo. Yize amajoyinti we-hock we-jumpers engakathuthukiswa kahle njengalawo wejezi, izinhlobo eziningi zihamba amabanga amade, zishaya kancanyana. Izimbambo zangemuva ziyasiza nezilwane ezisengozini - zibalekela izitha ngokuziphonsa isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yemilenze emide nohlelo lwezindlela ezihlotshisiwe, akunzima nge-jumper ukushiya kude ngemuva kwabamxoshayo - izinyoka nezilwane ezincelisayo. Kodwa-ke, indlela ejwayelekile yokuqhuma kwe-jumpers ukuhamba ngemilenze emine.
Wonke ama-jumpers anolimi olude, angakwazi ukunamathela ngaphezu kwesiqalo secala bese edonsa inyamazane encane emilonyeni yawo.
Ama-Jumpers ayizidalwa ezinemvelo enhle. Lapho zithathwa, azivamile ukusebenzisa amazinyo wazo akhule kahle.
Izici Zokuphila
AmaScokbok ahola kakhulu impilo yansuku zonke, ekhuthele ngisho nasezikhathi ezishisayo. Lezi yizilwane zomhlaba wodwa.
Ukudla kwe-jumpers kuqukethe izicabucabu, amabhungane, imigilingwane, izintuthwane, amasimu, izidumbu zomhlaba kanye nezithelo nembewu.
Izilwane zinezindlala ezakhiwe kahle eziyiphunga. Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, zingatholakala empandeni yomsila, esifubeni noma ezinyaweni zezinyawo. Imfihlo yokuphunga kwamakha ayisetshenziswa izilwane hhayi ekuxhumaneni nezihlobo kuphela, kodwa futhi iwavumela ukuthi amaka indlela ahamba ngayo futhi ahamba ngayo emkhathini.
Ama-jumpers amaningi angakwazi ukuxhumana besebenzisa imisindo. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhipha izigaxa ezizwakalayo, zishaye phansi imilenze yazo yangemuva, kanti ezinye zishaya ngemisila yazo kudoti. Uma ubamba i-jumper, yenza imisindo ephakeme ebukhali.
Isimo sabantu
Ngo-1996, i-jumper-eared efushane yafakwa kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN enesimo se "zilwanyana ezisengozini" (Isengcupheni) Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka we-2003 isimo sashintshwa saba "ukubuka ingozi" (Ukukhathazeka okungatheni), ngoba, naphezu kobuncane besibalo sabantu esiphansi, le nhlobo isatshalaliswa endaweni enkulu, iningi lazo elihlala ezindaweni ezinomhlaba owomileyo, ezingathambekele ekuguqukeni kwe-anthropogenic. Ukuchithwa okuhlukile kwezinhlobo zezilwane kungathinteka ngezinqubo zokuchithwa kwamahlathi asolwandle.
Ukuziphatha, indlela yokuphila kanye nokudla
Ungashayela ngokuphepha izifiso zangempela ngokuziphatha kwabo - isilwane esisodwa esinjalo, yize sincane kakhulu, sithatha indawo engaba yikhilomitha-skwele esisodwa futhi isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwayo siyazama ukungahambelani nezihlobo zayo. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana kuphela, ama-jumpers anezinwele ezimfishane angaya afune "isigamu sesibili" sabo.
Ama-jumpers anezinwele ezimfishane athanda indlela yokuphila yesikhathi sasemini kusihlwa noma, ikakhulukazi, impilo yasebusuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilanga lase-Afrika elishisayo aliphazamisi lokhu nganoma iyiphi indlela: ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezi zilwane zithanda ukuphuma emashalofini wazo ntambama eshisa kakhulu, ukuthambisa ukukhanya kwelanga noma ukugoqa esihlabathini esishisayo, ukugeza uthuli. Yizitha zemvelo kuphela, phakathi kwazo izinyoni ezidla ubhedu eziphuma phambili, ezingabenza bashintshe imikhuba yabo futhi baqale ukubonisa umsebenzi kusihlwa noma ebusuku.
Isisekelo sokudla komuntu we-skipper yile:
- zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane
- ama-invertebrates amancane.
Iningi lazo zonke izilwane zithanda izintuthwane, kodwa ezikhathini ezilambile nazo ngeke zikunake ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo: izimpande, amajikijolo noma amahlumela ezitshalo ezincane kakhulu.
Uma sikhuluma ngezindlu noma indawo yokukhosela , lapho-ke izindlamlenze zendlovu azinambitheki ngokweqile futhi ziyavilapha, ngoba zikhetha ukuhlangana "ezindlini" ezingenalutho zamanye amagundane. Kodwa noma ngabe lokho akutholakalanga, akunandaba! Isigaxa sendlovu singambela ikhaya laso ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi, ikakhulukazi lapho kunenhlabathi yesihlabathi ethambile ngaphansi kwezinyawo zayo.
Ukuzalela Nezidumbu Zama-Jumpers
Isikhathi sokuzala Kuqala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwekwindla, kuwa ngo-Agasti-Septhemba. Ukukhulelwa kuhlala phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-50-60, kuthi emva kwalokho insikazi ibelethe ezimbili noma, ngaphezulu, ngamawele. Kodwa-ke, abahleleli izindawo ezikhethekile noma izidleke ngokuzalwa kwenzalo yabo yesikhathi esizayo.
Ama-jumpers amancane anamehlo amancane azalwa athuthukile futhi ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa ayakwazi ukuzulazula nokuhlola isikhala. Kepha angeke zibizwe zizimele ngokuphelele, ngoba zona, njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, kufanele zidle kuqala ubisi lukamama. Ukondliwa kokuqala kwenzeka ngokushesha emva kokuzalwa kwamawundlu. Zonke ezilandelayo - ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
Kuyaqapheleka lapha ukuthi iningi lesifazane liziphatha sengathi alinayo inzalo. Owesilisa ukhohlwa ngokuphelele ngokuba khona kwabo, kuyilapho izingane ngokwazo zihlala ngokuthula endaweni yokukhosela eziyitholile, ngezikhathi ezithile ziphuma zihlola indawo. Ekupheleni kosuku kuphela lapho umama onganaki ekhumbula izibopho zakhe zobuzali. Iyakwazi ukondla izingane zayo izikhathi ezingama-3-5 ngobusuku. Kepha njengoba inzalo ikhula, inani labo lehla ngokushesha libe linye ngosuku. Futhi kakade ngezinsuku ze-16-20, ama-jumpers asekhulile ashiya umgodi wawo wendabuko futhi aqale impilo yokuzimela.
Izindlovu ezindala ezinamehlo amancane azikho phakathi kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezidumile. Nokho, ekhaya, ngokomthetho. Azizingcolile futhi azitholakali esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngokunokwenzeka, umuntu ofuna ukuba nesilo esinjengalesi kufanele axhumane nesinye sezilwane ezihilelekile ekuzaleni kwazo. Futhi kukhona abambalwa babo. Ukungasho ukuthi uchwepheshe onolwazi ngemikhuba yesilwane uzoqala ukumyekisa ukutholwa okunjalo.
Ngaphandle kokufana namagundane, ukugcina "isimangaliso" esinjalo ekhaya kunzima impela, futhi okunzima ngokwengeziwe ukuqala ukuzalanisa. Lobunzima buhambisana kakhulu nendlela yokuphila yesilwane, ukuzondla ngezinambuzane kanye nokucaciswa kokuqukethwe uqobo.
Elula kakhulu! Kunoma ikuphi, kusukela endaweni yokubukwa kwemvelo kule nqubo akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi. Zibonele: sithatha indlovu futhi siyinciphise ngosayizi yegundane, ngokuqala, uyavuma? Ngokunokwenzeka, le yindlela abagxuma bendlovu aba khona.
Kunoma yikuphi, ososayensi iminyaka eminingi bawahlanekezela ngazo zonke izindlela, futhi bazama nokunye, njalonjalo. Futhi phakathi kwe-jumpers-efana nogwaja, kanye nama -tivtivores, nama-shrews.
Futhi ekugcineni, bamisa iqiniso lokuthi ama-flying jumper angabokufika Afrotheria , okuthi, ngaphezu kwezinye izilwane eziningi, ezingehlukaniswe ngokusobala, kufaka phakathi, ungahleki, empeleni, izindlovu! Bona, ama-jumpers, ngisho naku-zoo agcinwa eduze kwalezi ziphulu ezinesikhumba esikhulu.
Yini jumper wendlovu? Lokhu kuyinto encane kakhulu, ifinyelela ku-10 amasentimitha ubude futhi inesisindo esingama-50g shaggy ukungaqondi emilenzeni yomlenze ngamehlo anelukuluku kanye nomsila omude omncane. Izindlebe ziyindilinga, njenge-cheburashka, kepha incane kakhulu. Lesi simangaliso sihlala e-Afrika kuphela futhi ngeke sisuke lapho siye ndawo, ngaphandle kokuthi abanikazi bezindawo zokuphuthumayo bafuna ukusibona.
Kepha lapho unyakaza, i- jumper, efana ne- “star” engenasici, idinga isimo esikhethekile: izinga lokushisa lekamelo elilawulwa kahle futhi elisha ekhethekile, noma izinambuzane ezihlala nazo isidlo sasekuseni, isidlo sasemini nesidlo sakusihlwa, izithelo, ezisanda kufakwa, ushizi wekhishi. Kepha ikakhulukazi izintuthwane namahlume kuyathandwa.
Ngendlela, ngalesi sizathu, nangezinye izizathu eziningi, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ungagcini i-jumper yendlovu ekhaya. Lokhu akuyona isilwane ekhaya, akulula naye e-zoo noma. Kepha lokhu kunjalo, ngendlela.
Ekhaleni lesilwane liqonde kakhulu futhi lifana nesiqu, okwathiwa yi-hopper njengendlovu. Futhi kungani, eqinisweni, jumper? Konke kulula kakhulu lapha. Leli yigama lendawo elihlanganiswe ngabomdabu kudala ngaphambi kokuvela kwezifundo zezandla ezibunjiwe. Iqiniso ngukuthi imilenze yangemuva yesilwane yinde kakhulu kuneyangaphambili futhi lapho isengozini, imi ngale milenze futhi igxume kalula esihogweni, njenge-kangaroo encane.
Futhi uma isibhakabhaka sicacile futhi azikho izitha eduze, khona-ke umuntu ophoqayo akazange achithe amandla akhe futhi ngokuthula ahambe kuyo yonke imilenze yomine. Vele, kude nokugxumela impilo ye-jumper akwanele, futhi ubukhulu bakhe abufani. Kepha uvame ukuphatha aze afike emgodini lapho umuntu angalindela khona ubunzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-jumpers akahambi kude nezimbobo zawo, akunandaba?
Ukwenza i-jumper jumper akulula kangako. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukumesabisa kahle, khona-ke izinto zizohamba. Ngendlela, uma wesabisa kakhulu isilwane (isibonelo, ngokuzumayo usithathe, sisendle futhi singafakwanga izingalo zakho), khona-ke naso siyokhipha izwi - sizoqala ukugwinya.Noma imvamisa empilweni, i-jumper is taciturn ngokuphelele.
Ukuzimela kusukela ekuzalweni
Isilwane isilwane esifuywayo, kepha asihlali entanyeni yomzali isikhathi eside, futhi sizalwa sicishe sizimele: ngejazi laso kanye nangamehlo acishe avulekile. Ngemuva kokudla amasonto amathathu nonina (owayengakhanga nokwakha izidleke ngokuzalwa kwakhe), futhi ngaphandle kokubona ubaba wakhe (owayeke waya kwenye indawo ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwakhe futhi akakaze abuye), igxuma lahamba nesinkwa samahhala. Uyazikhethela noma azimbele umgodi futhi aphile kuwo i-mare kuze kube sekupheleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka.
Ama-Jumpers akha imibhangqwana ngenxa yezidingo zesikhashana, ngemuva kwalokho asakazeka ngokushesha futhi awasekho komunye nomunye futhi ngokuvamile awadingi iqembu. Noma ngesinye isikhathi ungathola emvelweni izilwane ezihlala isikhathi eside kukabili, ezintathu, kepha lokhu kungukufunyanwa, okuvame ukuchazwa yizimo ezinzima: indawo encane yokuhlala, umhlaba lapho ungeke ukwazi khona ukumba umgodi owodwa noma emibili, ukudla okuncane nokunye okuningi namanje. Okusho ukuthi, abanye basebenza ngokweqile bahlala eduze, cishe emgodini owodwa. Kepha baphila njengasefulethini elihlanganayo, abanganaki ngokukhethekile, uma kunesidingo.
Impilo yama-elephant jumpers ilula futhi ayinasono. Usuku yisikhathi somsebenzi ophakeme kakhulu. Udinga ukubamba nokudla izintuthwane, usuka esihlahleni uye esihlahleni ngokwezidingo zakho, futhi ntambama kudingeka ume ngemilenze yangemuva eyeluliwe nangebhasikidi elangeni. Kusihlwa, udinga izikhathi ezimbalwa zokudla futhi, ekugcineni, ugibela emgodini kude nezitha ezidla ebusuku.
Impilo ku-zoo esilwaneni ihamba cishe ohlelweni olufanayo. By the way, e-zoo elephant jumper jumper yaqala ukubonakala ngo-1991, ifike ibuya eNingizimu Afrika. Ngokwazi kwethu, ama-jumpers agcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane eMinsk, Riga, Grodno naseBerlin.
I-jumper eneso elifushane (lat. Macroscelides proboscideus ) ubukeka njengesisulu esihlekisayo sokufuna kwakhe ukwazi: bathi, wanamathela ekhaleni lakhe kuyo yonke indawo futhi wacishe wasilahla. Impela, abaze bayihlakaza, kodwa bayiqinisa ngokuphelele.
Leli yilungu elincane kunazo zonke lomndeni we-jumper. Ubude bomzimba wakhe buvele nje bube ngamasentimitha angama-9,4-12,5, umsila - kusuka ku-9,8 kuya ku-13.1 cm. Le ngane imvamisa ayinasisindo esingaphezu kwama-50 g. Into yokuqala ebamba iso lakho iyi-muzzle emincane, ende . Kepha izindlebe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zincane kakhulu futhi zizungezwe kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene naye.
Izinwele ze-bouncer ezinamehlo amancane zinde futhi zithambile. Ngaphezulu, ingaba nsundu ansundu, o-orenji noma ophuzi, kuya ngendawo ezungezile, kepha ngezansi ihlala imhlophe qwa. Umsila ubuye futhi u-pubescent. Ngasohlangothini lwayo olungaphansi kukhona indlala enephunga elimnandi.
Lezi zingane zihlala engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNingizimu Afrika. Zitholakala eNamibia, South Africa kanye neBotswana eseningizimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke indawo yokusabalalisa yezinhlobo idlula amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500, kanye ne-jumper eyodwa yempilo ejabulayo nenempilo idinga okungenani amakhilomitha skwele.
Bazondla ngama-termite, izintuthwane nezinye izinambuzane. Kwesinye isikhathi adla amahlumela amakhambi, amajikijolo nezimpande. Iyasebenza phakathi nosuku, futhi uzizwe umuhle ngisho nangamahora ashisa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathanda ukucwila elangeni, bame ngemilenze eqondile, futhi bageza nothuli.
Kuliqiniso, izinyoni ezidla inyama azibambeki - azihambisani neze nokuziluma ne-jumper ethile ebalekayo. Ngakho-ke, izilwane ezithanda ukushisa, kodwa eziqaphelayo ziyaphoqeleka ukuba zicashe emimelweni eminyene noma ziphila indlela yokuhwalala. Zingabonakala kaningi ekushoneni kwelanga noma ekuntweleni kokusa, lapho zisuka ngokushesha zinqamula zisuka kwenye indawo yokwakhiwa zisiya kwenye.
Ama-jumpers anezinwele ezimfishane ahola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, ahlangana kuphela ekuzaneni. Ukuhlanganiswa kwabantu abaningana kwisiza esisodwa kungaphoqelelwa kuphela - uma kungekho ukudla okwanele nxazonke, izilwane zihamba zisondelana.
Imvamisa kakhulu bahlala emiseleni engelalutho, yize bengazimbela bona. Ikhaya labahlala kulo lilula futhi liqondile. Masinyane, insikazi ibeletha inzalo, ingakuboni kunesidingo ukuhlelela lesi esinye isidleke esihle, esithe xaxa.
Okunyaka, insikazi ikwazi ukuletha amabele amathathu, kanti ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-56-60. Njengomthetho, kuzalwa izingane ezimbili (ezingaphansi kakhulu kwesinye), esezikhulile ngokugcwele. Umama wabo ubashiyela endaweni yokukhosela, futhi uziyela ngokwakhe izindaba zakhe.
Uza kubo kuphela ukuzobondla, sonke isikhathi abasele sisetshenziselwe imishini yabo, ngoba ubaba wabo akanandaba nabo. Ngosuku lwe-18-25 ngemuva kokuzalwa kwezingane, bazulazula bezitholela indawo yabo bese beqala impilo ezimele. Eminyakeni engu-43 yezinsuku, baba ngabakhulile ngokobulili.
Ama-jumpers anamehlo amancane awaphili isikhathi eside kakhulu: endle iminyaka engu-1-2, ekuthunjweni - kusuka eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwengama-5. Noma kunjalo, ziningi kakhulu futhi, ngokuvamile, isimo sezinhlobo zezilwane akubangeli ukukhathazeka. Ama-jumpers nje ayenenhlanhla: izindawo azikhethele zona empilweni azibathakazeli kangako abantu - zilahliwe kakhulu futhi aziphili.
Ama-bouncers bangabomndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo zase-Afrika futhi zingaba ngosayizi abehlukene, imvamisa kunezinhlobo ezintathu: ezinkulu, eziphakathi nezincane.
Ngokuya ngokuthi ungowaluphi uhlobo oluthile, ubukhulu bomzimba we-rodent bunokwehluka kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-30 cm, kanti ubude bomsila buhlukahluka kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-25 cm. I-jumper esithombeni Kubukeka kuhle kakhulu futhi kungajwayelekile, kepha empilweni yangempela kunzima kakhulu ukukucabanga ngenxa yejubane lokuhamba okusheshayo.
Ubuso bawo wonke ama-jumpers bude, buhamba kakhulu, futhi nezindlebe zentende ziyafana. Izandla zigcina ngeminwe emine noma emihlanu, imilenze yezingemva yinde. Ijazi lesilwane lithambile, lide, umbala uncike ezinhlotsheni - kusuka ophuzi kuye kumnyama.
Lesi silwane sihlala kakhulu emathafeni, sigcwele izihlahla noma utshani obukhulu, futhi esitholakala emahlathini. Ngenxa yejazi eliminyene, ama-jumpers awakubekezeleli ukushisa yingakho efuna izindawo ezinomthunzi ukuthola indawo yokuphila yaphakade.
Amaphethelo wangaphambili aklanyelwe ukuze isilwane sikwazi ukumba umgodi onzima kalula. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kuyabasiza ukuthi bakhe imisele yabo, kepha imvamisa iningi lihlala ezindlini ezingenalutho zabanye abahlala ezitebhisini.
Vele, ama-jumpers awakwazi ukuhlala emabeleni kuphela, kodwa futhi nebhulokhi elinokwethenjelwa lamatshe noma amagatsha aminyene nezimpande zezihlahla zizokwenza kahle. Ubungqabavu balezi zidondolo yikhono lazo lokuhamba usebenzisa wonke ama-paws amane noma amabili kuphela.
Ngakho-ke uma jumper wesilwane ngaphandle kokuphuthuma, yena, emunwe ngawo wonke amandla akhe, uhamba kancane emhlabathini "ngezinyawo". Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka ingozi noma ibamba inyamazane, lapho i-rodent idinga ukuhamba ngokushesha ukusuka endaweni kuya kwenye, ikhuphuka kuphela emilenzeni yayo yangasemva futhi igxume ngokushesha. Umsila, ubude bawo obuvame ukulingana nobude bomzimba, uhlala uphakanyiswa noma welulela isilwane phansi, umuntu oxhuma naye akakaze adonse umsila ngemuva kwakhe.
Kunzima kakhulu ukuhlangana ne-jumper endaweni yemvelo, ngoba lesi silwane sinamahloni kakhulu, nezindlebe zaso ezihamba nendlebe, eziqondayo kunoma yikuphi ukunyakaza okuzwakalayo, sikuvumela ukuzwa indlela esengozini kude nebanga. Lezi izinduku zihlala, eZanzibar. Sekukonke, umndeni wama-vortexes ufaka i-genera emine, yona ihlukaniswe yizinhlobo eziyishumi nane.
Umlingisi we-jumper nendlela yokuphila
Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokuphila yezilwane kungenxa yobunjalo bayo bohlobo oluthile. Ngale ndlela, jumper wendlovu Ungahlala kunoma iyiphi indawo, esukela ogwadule kuya emahlathini aminyene, ngenkathi umgqumeni onamehlo amfushane ungazizwa ukhululekile kuphela ehlathini.
Ama-jumpers azo zonke izinhlobo angawezilwane zasemhlabeni. Njengawo wonke amagundane amancane, aselula kakhulu. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi livela phakathi nesikhathi sasemini, noma kunjalo, uma isilwane sishisa kakhulu phakathi nosuku, sizwa kahle kusihlwa nasebumnyameni.
Ama-Jumpers acashile ekushiseni kunoma yiziphi izindawo ezinomthunzi - ngaphansi kwamatshe, ezingxenyeni zamabhasi notshani, emigodini yawo nakwabanye, ngaphansi kwezihlahla eziwile. Ungatholana nabaqumama abaphilayo abangabodwa kanye nabamele imibhangqwana engabodwa.
Kulesi sithombe jumper yendlovu
Kodwa-ke, kunoma yikuphi, la makhulu avikela ngenkuthalo indlu yabo kanye nensimu esondelene nayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni lapho ama-jumpers ehlala ngababili, abesilisa bavikela abesifazane babo kwabesilisa abangaphandle, amantombazane enza umsebenzi ofanayo maqondana nabesifazane bangaphandle.
Ngakho-ke, izilwane ezi-hopping zingaba nolaka kumalungu ezinhlobo zazo. Ama-jumpers anamehlo amade ahlukile kule iphethini. Ngisho namabhuzu omndeni owodwa walezi zinhlobo angakha amakoloni amakhulu futhi avikele indawo ngokuhlanganyela kwezinye izilwane.
Njengomthetho, ama-jumpers awenzi misindo, ngisho nangesikhathi sokukhwelana, ukulwa nokuxineka. Kepha, abanye abantu bangakhombisa ukungoneliseki noma ukwesaba ngosizo lomsila omude - bayangqongqoza emhlabathini, kwesinye isikhathi beshaya imilenze yabo yangasemuva.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ama-jumpers ahlala eduze komunye nomunye, ngokwesibonelo, uma kungenazindawo ezanele esifundeni zokwakha izimbobo noma okuphakelayo okuncane. Kodwa-ke, kuleli cala, izinduku ezihlala eduzane ngeke zisebenzisane, kodwa ngeke zihlaselane.
Esithombeni, gxuma ngamehlo amade
Umsoco
Lezi izinduku ezincane zithanda ukudla. Kungaba izintuthwane, amasimu, nezinye izinto ezincane. Kodwa-ke, uma jumper ihlangana endleleni imifino edliwayo, izithelo namajikijolo, ngeke azidelele, kanye nezimpande ezinempilo.
Njengomthetho, umuntu ongahlala kuleyo ndawo wazi kahle ukuthi kufanele ahambe kuphi ukuze adle. Isibonelo, silambile, isilwane singaya kancane kancane kusixhumo esiseduze (uma izinambuzane zinesikhathi sokuphaphama ngesikhathi esithile).
Akunzima ukuthola ukudla okunjalo - ngemuva kokudla ngokwanele, umuntu ongagxuma angathatha ukuphumula eduzane, abese eqhubeka nokudla, noma, abuyele emgodini wakhe alale isikhathi eside. Imithombo yamandla enjalo ayinyamalali ndawo lapho isendaweni yayo evamile, futhi umuntu ongajija wakwazi kahle lokhu.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Endle, ezinye izinhlobo zama-jumpers zingumbhangqwana ominyene, ezinye ziphila indlela yokuphila eyedwa, zihlangana nezihlobo kuphela ngokuzalaniswa.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sisukela ekupheleni kwehlobo - ukuqala ekwindla. Ngemuva kwalokho, emibhangqwaneni eminyene, inqubo yokuqamba iyenzeka, futhi ama-single jumpers ayaphoqeleka ukuba ahambe okwesikhashana ezindaweni zawo zokuphila ukuze athole umlingani.
Ukukhulelwa kwe-jumper yowesifazane kuhlala isikhathi eside - cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Ezimweni eziningi, kuzalwa amawundlu amabili, okuvame kakhulu - elilodwa. Owesifazane akazakhi isidleke esikhethekile ukuze abelethe inzalo lapho, lokhu akwenza endaweni yokukhosela eseduze kakhulu ngesikhathi noma emgodini wakhe. Amakhebuli we-jumper asheshe abone futhi ezwe kahle, abe nejazi elide elide. Kakade ngosuku lokuqala lwempilo, zingakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha.
Esithombeni, gxuma osemncane
Abantu besifazane balo mndeni abadumile ngemvelo yabo yomama eqinile - abazigadi futhi bangazifudumali izingane zabo, okuwukuphela kokusebenza kwabo ukondla izingane ubisi kaningi ngosuku (futhi kwesinye isikhathi).
Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, izingane zishiya indawo yazo yokuhlala futhi ngokuzimele ziqale ukufuna ukudla nendawo yazo yokuhlala. Ngemuva kwenyanga nesigamu bakulungele ukuzala.
Endle, i-jumper ihlala iminyaka eyi-1-2, ekuthunjweni ingaphila iminyaka emi-4. Thenga jumper kungenzeka esitolo sezilwane ezikhethekile, kuphela kufanele uqale udale yonke imibandela ukuze uzizwe ukhululekile.
Ukubukeka
Ubukhulu obukhulu emndenini we-hopers: ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala ngu-9.5-12.4 cm, umsila ngu-9.7-13 cm, isisindo ngu-40-50 g. Ukuvela kwe-hopper enamehlo amancane, ngokuvamile, kufana ne-jumpers, uphawu ukuthi izindlebe zakhe zincanyana futhi ziyindilinga kunezinye izinhlobo. Isizalo mncane, siphakeme kakhulu. I-hairline yinde futhi ithambile. Faka umbala ohlangothini olungaphezulu lomzimba - ukusuka kusihlabathi-onsundu kuya ku-orange-ophuzi onemithunzi ehlukahlukene, ezansi - olula, ompunga. Azikho izindandatho zokukhanya zezimpawu zama-jumpers azungeze amehlo. Umsila ubuswa kahle, futhi unephunga elimnandi egwayi ngaphansi. Umunwe wokuqala emilenzeni wangemuva uyancishiswa futhi ufakwe uzipho. Insikazi inamabhangqa ama-3 wezingono. Isici esiyingqayizivele segebhezi yiziqhumane ezinkulu ezilinganayo. Amazinyo 40.
Indlela yokuphila
Kuhlala i-bouncer enezinwele ezimfishane ehlala ema-shrub savannas nasogwadule oluseningizimu ne- ntshonalanga yeNingizimu Afrika, ahlala eNamibia, eSouth Botswana kanye naseNingizimu Afrika. Indawo yayo yokusabalalisa idlula i-500,000 km².
Indlela yokuphila ikakhulukazi yesikhathi sasemini, isebenza ngisho nangamahora oshisa kosuku, lapho ama-jumpers ethanda ukubhaca elangeni noma ukugeza uthuli. Ukusongela kwabazingeli bemvelo (ikakhulukazi izinyoni ezidla inyama) kungabenza bashintshe umbuso wabo futhi bahambe bayofuna ukudla kusihlwa, bacashe phakathi kwezimila phakathi kwemini. Njengesiphephelo, imvamisa isebenza njengezimbotshana noma imisele ebunjiwe yi-jumper ngokwakhe enhlabathini enesihlabathi. Igcinwa ikakhulukazi ngokuhlabelela futhi kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalela - ngamabili. Indawo ehlala i-jumper imvamisa i-1 km².
I-jumper e-e-jumper enezinambuzane idla izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi izintuthwane kanye nama-termite, namanye ama-invertebrates amancane. Futhi sebenzisa inani elithile lokudla kwezitshalo - amahlumela wezitshalo, izimpande namajikijolo.
Isizinda esincane se-bouncer enamehlo amancane
Umlando wokufundwa kwalolu hlobo lwenhlobo ngusikhumbuza ihlaya. Akukhona kuphela kwansuku zonke, kodwa ngokwesayensi.
AmaScokbok adla inani elincane lokudla kwezitshalo - amahlumela wezitshalo, izimpande namajikijolo.
Lapho lesi silwane sitholakala eningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika, izazi zezinto eziphilayo ngokushesha zazama ukuthola ukuthi sasiyini, okwakuyisifiso semvelo ngokuphelele. Kepha ubukeka njengani nje? Ngokuvamile, akekho omunye kepha abanye abahlobo bohlobo olufanayo. Kuqala, lo obambele ngamehlo amfushane wabelwa ukuvalelwa okungavikeleki, ekholelwa ukuthi bayizihlobo eziseduze zama-hedgehogs, shrews kanye nezimvukuzane. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ososayensi, sebebuke lesi silwanyana esibukhali, "bacabanga kangcono ngakho", futhi, lapho bebuke ezinye zezinhlaka zenhlangano engaphakathi ye-jumper eyongile, banquma ukuthi ubukeka kakhulu kunakho konke, noma ngabe kuzwakala sengathi kunjeya! Ngemuva kwalokhu, kwenziwa isiphakamiso sokumemezela ama-jumpers abaphambili besigaba sokuqala.
Ama-jumpers anezinwele ezimfishane agcinwa eyedwa futhi kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala - ngamabili.
Ama-Paleontologists awazange ame eceleni futhi aveze umbono wokuthi ama-jumpers akuzona izizukulwane ngesizathu esilula sokuthi ayizihlobo eziseduze zabangabalandeli basendulo. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esifushane kakhulu, i-jumper yakwazi ukuba yisihlobo sabo bobabili ama-hedgehogs nezinkawu namahhashi. Ukungaqiniseki okunjalo ngokusobala kwakungathandeki ezweni lesayensi, futhi izazi zemibono ehlukene zanquma ukuhlukanisa lezi zilwane ezihlekisayo zibe yunithi ehlukile eyodwa yazo, enikezwe igama lesiLatini elithi Macroscelidae.
Imithombo
- Impilo Yezilwane: ngama-7 ama-v. / Ed. V. E. Sokolova. T.7. Izilwane ezincelisayo - 2nd ed., Revised. - M.: Ezemfundo, 1989 .-- 558 s (k. 99).
- UDohring, A. 2002. “Macroscelides proboscideus” (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Kutholwe ngo-Ephreli 11, 2007.
- Stuart, C., Perrin, M., FitzGibbon, C., Griffin, M. & Smit, H. 2006. Macroscelides proboscideus. Ku: IUCN 2006. Uhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN Yezilwane Ezisongelwe. Ilandwe ngo-Ephreli 11, 2007.
Ukuziphatha kwabazali
Ubaba akabambi iqhaza ekukhuliseni inzalo. Insikazi iyazalela endaweni yokukhosela, kepha ayenzi izidleke. Masinyane ngemuva kokubeletha, angashiya izingane zakhe ezisanda kuzalwa, kodwa abuye ebusuku azobondla. Njengazo izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo ezizala amawundlu avuthiwe, isimilo somama silinganiselwe ekunceliseni ibele, ekufundeni izinto nasekuvikeleni ezidlakanyeni.
