I-Altai Mountain Ram | ||||||||||
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Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi | ||||||||||
Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | I-Placental |
Subfamily: | Izimbuzi |
I-Subtype: | I-Altai Mountain Ram |
- Ovis ammonULinnaeus, 1758
- Ovis argali IBoddaert, 1785
- Ovis argali altaica USevertsov, 1873
- Ovis argali daurica USevertsov, 1873
- Ovis argali mongolica USevertsov, 1873
- Ovis ammon przevalski INasonov, 1923
Umnotho kuma-wikids | Izithombe ku-Wikimedia Commons |
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Incwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia umbono uyanyamalala | |
Bheka Ulwazi I-Altai Mountain Ram kuwebhusayithi ye-IPEE RAS |
Izintaba zezintaba zase-Altai , noma U-Altai inqama , noma Arali , noma I-Tien Shan inqama , noma Altai argali [ umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku eziyi-1116 ], noma Altai argali (I-Ovis ammon ammon) isilwane ezincelisayo ezinamafutha emzimbeni womndeni wama-bovine, okuyi-subspecies ye-Arigali ( Ovis ammon ).
Ukubukeka
I-Altai mountain ram - ummeleli omkhulu wohlobo lwezinqama ( Ovis ), ngaphezu kwalokho, inezimpondo ezisindayo kunazo zonke. Isisindo sazo emadodeni amadala singafinyelela kuma-35 kg.
Ukuphakama lapho kubuna - 70-125 cm, ubude bomzimba - 1,2-2 m, ubude bomsila 13-14 cm, isisindo somzimba - 70-180 kg. Isifiso sempilo yiminyaka eyi-12-18.
Abamele izikhungo zokubhaliswa kunesikhumba se-squat, imilenze emincane kodwa eqinile. Ukuphela kwesihlikihla kukhanya kakhulu kunombala wekhanda nelemuva lesilwane.
Incazelo yokubukeka
Izimvu zase-Mountain Arkhara phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zalolu hlobo lwezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Ehlukweni lesayensi, igama lezinhlobo lizwakala njengo-Ovis Amoni. Ingxenye yesibili ivela egameni likankulunkulu waseGibhithe u-Amoni, okuthi, ngokusho kwenganekwane eseceleni elisempumalanga yomhlaba, iphenduke inqama. Wayevame ukuvezwa ngezimpondo ezinde ezigwegwe.
Lezi yizilwane ezinhle ezinesimo sokuziqhenya, umzimba omncane kanye nemilenze emide. Ngenxa yezimpondo ezihlaba umxhwele, amakhanda abo aphonsa emuva. Nazi izinhlaka zokubukeka eziphambili kanye nencazelo:
- Ubude bomzimba emadodeni yi-1.7-2 m, kwabesifazane - 1.2-1.5 m.
- Ukuphakama kwenqama kungama-106-125 cm, izimvu 95-112 cm.
- Isisindo sabesilisa singama-110-170 kg (ezimeni ezihlukile - cishe ama-200 kg), isisindo sabesifazane singama-60-100 kg.
- Isisekelo sgebhezi kwabesilisa singama-25-35 cm, kwabesifazane - 23-30 cm.
- Ikhanda likhulu, likhulu, linephrofayli eqondile noma encibilikile, kwabesifazane ikhanda liba ngaphezulu.
- I-muzzle ikhonjisiwe (kwabesifazane - incishisiwe), ngejazi elimhlophe namakhaleni akhanyayo.
- Izindlebe zisebenza kakhulu, ezinamathekisthi kumathiphu.
- Izimpondo zabesilisa zinde, ziphendulwe indandatho noma i-spiral, amathiphu agoba, ubude bawo bungafinyelela ku-2 m, isisindo sawo kanye ne-cranium angafinyelela ku-40-50 kg, aze afike ku-13% wesisindo somzimba sonke.
- Kwabesifazane, izimpondo zincane, zisuka ku-5 cm ziye ku-60 cm, zigobe kancane emuva futhi zibunjiwe, njengezimbuzi, kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala amawundlu angenazimpondo.
- Intamo imfushane, inkulu kakhulu.
- Isifuba sibanzi futhi sakhiwe kahle, ku-girth ka-120-135 cm.
- Umzimba ngokulingana wonke womzimba ubukeka umncane futhi umfushane kancane.
- Amathambo e-metacarpal and metatarsal emilenzeni ye-Araliali ayadluliswa; futhi imbuzi yasezintabeni noma inqama yeqhwa ayinasakhiwo esinjalo, lokhu kuvumela i-Arkhar ukuba ibaleke ngokushesha ethafeni futhi ikhuphuke ngendlela engenantaba emthambekeni.
- Amahlosi angaphambili anobude obungu-4-4,5 cm, emuva kube ngu-2,5 mm amafushane.
- Kunezinselo ezimbili ezingemuva kwemilenze.
- Umsila uqondile, kuze kufike ku-18 cm ubude.
Umbala wejazi le-Arkharov usuka e-sandy ephuzi (cishe elimhlophe) kuya ku-brown-brown, ebusika uboya buba mnyama. Indawo emhlophe ihlukaniswa esifundeni se-lumbar sezinqama, esiswini, ingaphakathi lezingalo namathanga, kuthi isigaxa sipendwe ngombala ofanayo. E-nape yeduna, ijazi lide, linemibala elula. Izimvu zasezintabeni kanye nembuzi kuyafana, kepha u-Arkhar akanantshebe, izimpondo zakhe zisontekile. Ezimbuzini, ngokungafani nezimbuzi, azikho izindlala ezinephunga ezinikeza iphunga elithile loboya.
Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala
Izimvu zasezintabeni zohlobo lwe-Argali noma lwe-Arkhar zihlala kwezinye izindawo zaseCentral and Central Asia, eMongolia, Kazakhstan empumalanga nasentshonalanga yeSiberia. Kuhlanganiswe nebanga leTien Shan Range, iPalmyra, Sayan. Kukhona ama-ardali asezansi kweNepal, iHimalaya, iTibet, nezinye izingxenye zeDagestan.Manje imboza indawo engamakhilomitha ayi-10,000, ibikade inkulu kakhulu futhi imboze cishe sonke isifunda sase-Asia.
Imihlambi ihlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1300-1600 m, ithande ipulaaus kanye nemithambeka emnene. Yize izilwane zivame ukubonakala emadwaleni, ikakhulukazi lapho izilwane ezifuywayo zizikhipha ezindaweni ezivundile ngisho nezindawo. Abantu bathanda izikhala ezivulekile, bathuthela ezigodini ebusika nasekuqalekeni kwentwasahlobo, futhi ehlobo benyuka phezulu ezintabeni, emngceleni wamamitha alpine kanye neziloba zaphakade. Ukufuduka okuvundlile akuvezwa kahle, kwenziwa ebangeni le-30-40 km².
I-Mountain Sheep Habitat
I-Otar Archar inabantu abangama-30-100, imihlambi emikhulu manje ehlala eMongolia. Esikhathini esiphakathi kwama-gonas, abesilisa nabesifazane abanezinsizwa bahlala ngokwehlukana. Izimvu zakha imihlambi emikhulu, izinqama zixosha kakhulu kuzo. Abesilisa bahlala emaqenjini e-bachelor wamagoli angama-6-10.
Izimvu ze-Alpine zidla cishe kuzo zonke izitshalo ezitholakala emithambekeni yezintaba. Ehlobo, izilwane zikhuphukela endaweni yama-alpine meadows, lapho zithola khona utshani obuhle obunothile ku-fiber. Ebusika, uma ungqimba lweqhwa lungaphezu kuka-10 cm, zehlela ezigodini. Ukusuka ngaphansi kweqhwa, izimvu zikhiqiza utshani obomile ngonyaka odlule, ama-moss, nama-lichens. Isilo esikhulu sidinga ukudla okutshalwa kwezitshalo okuningi, ngosuku esidla ngaso cishe ama-18 kg okudla. Ngokuntuleka kokudla ebusika, abantu abaningi ababuthaka bayafa.
Izingulule zihlala zihamba njalo, zisuka emadlelweni ziye emadlelweni ziyofuna ukudla okungcono. Ziyakwazi ukuhamba kakhulu, zigijimela kahle emithambekeni yezintaba ezinamadwala. Bangakwazi ukugxuma ama-gorges afinyelela ku-5 m ububanzi bese begibela amadwala. Gijimani ethafeni ngejubane elingu-50-60 km / h.
Izilwane zinamahloni, nge-alamu encane kakhulu ziyasuswa zibaleke. Izitha zemvelo ze-Arkhars yizimpisi, ama-lynxes, ama-wolverines nezingwe zeqhwa. Azithinti kakhulu inani labantu, ngoba bachitha izilwane ezibuthakathaka kuphela. Ukulimala okuningi kakhulu kuma-Arkhars kwenziwa ngabantu.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezimvu ezise-Arkhar ezintabeni ziqala ngo-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinqama namawundlu akha amaqembu ajwayelekile. Imithetho yesithembu kanye ne-polygyny isebenza kuyo; abesifazane nabesilisa abaningi babamba iqhaza mating ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izimvu zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba ziseneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala, izimvu zineminyaka engama-4-5 kuphela ubudala, abesilisa bahlanganyela ekuzaleni ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu. Ngaphambi kokuzalela, izinqama zihlela ukulwa ukuze izinsikazi zikhethe eziqine kakhulu.
Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-150-160, okuyizinsuku ezingama-40-50 ubude kunezezimvu ezifuywayo. Amawundlu azalwa entwasahlobo lapho inani lokudla lenyuka. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, insikazi iyasuswa iyiswe endaweni eseqisini. Inqubo ihlala imizuzu engama-20 kuye kwengama-30, iwundlu elisanda kuzalwa linesisindo esingama-3-4 kg.
Iningi lama-Iraali lizala ikonyana elilodwa, amawele avela ngokuqabukela kakhulu. Iwundlu elincanyana licishe lime emilenzeni yalo bese lifakwa engonweni. Imvu ihlala ngokwehlukana newundlu layo isikhathi esingangesonto, bese ijoyina umhlambi.
Intaba iWundlu Arkhar
Amawundlu emhlanjini wokunamathela ndawonye, adlala njalo phakathi kwawo. Kusukela ngesonto lesibili, izimpondo zabo ziqala ukukhula, futhi kusukela enyangeni izilwane ezifuywayo sezivele zidla ukhula. Bondliwa ubisi izinyanga ezi-4-5, ngasikhathi sinye lowesifazane anakekela inzalo yakhe. Kusukela ezinyangeni ezi-5, amawundlu azimele ngokuphelele. Izimo zokuphila ezishubile zivumela ama-50-55% kuphela ezilwane ezisencane ukusinda, ngenxa yalokhu, inani labantu base-Arkhar ngeke likhule ngokushesha. Isilinganiso sokuphila okulindelwe kwezinqama zezintaba zase-Argali endle zifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10-13, kepha abantu abaningi abaphili iminyaka eyi-6. Ezilwaneni zasolwandle lolu hlobo lungahlala iminyaka eyi-18.
Subspecies Arkharov
Izinhlobo noma izinhlobo ze-Arigali yezimvu zasezintabeni zihlala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Ziyahluka ngosayizi, umbala wejazi, ezinye izici zokuma nokuziphatha. Ngokuya ngezigaba zesimanje, kukhona okungu-9
- Izintaba zezintaba ze-Altai Arkhar. Ukuphila eMongolia, kufaka phakathi iGert Desert, iTuva, empumalanga yeKazakhstan, eningizimu-nentshonalanga ye-Altai neSiberia, ezinye izifunda zaseMpumalanga naseCentral Asia.Ibhekwa njengekhulu kunawo wonke ama-Arali.
- Kazakh intaba Arkhar. Ihlala ezintabeni zaseKazakhstan, eduze neLake Balkhash, engxenyeni yeKalba ese-Altai, izifunda zaseMonrak, eSaur, eTarbagatai. Kubhekwa njengesinye sezimpawu zakuleli. Uboya bezimvu bunsundu okhanyayo nge-tint grey, ubude bezimpondo buba ngu-120 cm, basontwa baba indandatho.
- Inqama yaseTibetan. Lesi sikhala esikhulu sibizwa kanjalo ngoba sihlala eTibet, kanye naseHimalaya eNdiya naseNepal. In ijazi elinombala onsundu, izimpondo ezigogekile, zitholakala cishe zilingana nekhanda, futhi zisontekile endaweni evulekile.
- I-Tien Shan Arkhar. Kungokokokuqala ngqa kuchazwa ngonyaka we-1873 futhi sabelwe ngendlela engafani nenye. Uhlala eTien Shan, ezintabeni zakwaChu-Ili, kwezinye izindawo zaseKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China.
- IPhumir subspecies, noma inqama uMarco Polo. Indawo ehlala kuyo yiTajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, kanye nezinye izindawo zase China. Lokhu ukubukeka okuhle okunezimpondo nge-tint ebomvu yoboya ezinhlangothini nasemuva. Yachazwa okokuqala ngumhambi odumile wase-Italy, igama lakhe laqanjwa ngaye.
- Ukuzalwa kabusha kukaGobi noma ama-subspecies. Ihlala eMongolia, eGobi Desert, ngaphansi kuka-45 ° enyakatho ukusuka phezulu, kanye nezinye izifundazwe zaseChina esifundeni esifanayo. Ihluka ngosayizi omncane omncane kunamanye ama-Arkhars.
- Ukubhaliswa kweKaratau. Imihlambi yalezi zimvu yayivame ukutholakala ezigodini phakathi kweSyr Darya ne-Amu Darya, eningizimu yeKazakhstan, esifundeni sezintaba saseKyzylkum. Manje zingatholakala kuphela ezintabeni zaseNuratau e-Uzbekistan noma egqumeni lase-Aktau (entshonalanga neKazakhstan).
- ENyakatho ne-China Ama-subspecies ahlala ezansi kweTibet. Ihlukaniswa ngezimpondo ezinhle, zigobile yisikela, uboya obukhanyayo bomthunzi ompunga wesihlabathi.
- Izimvu zasezintabeni zaseKyzylkum. Uhlala ogwadule lwaseKyzylkum, eKazakhstan. Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva, inani layo alidluli abantu abayikhulu, ngakho-ke izinhlobo zingabhekwa njengezicishe zaphela.
Akuyona yonke imininingwane esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezinsuku zanamuhla nokwenziwa ngezigaba kubhekisele kuma-Arkhars. Isibonelo, izimvu zaseKyzylkum manje sezizalwe njengezinhlobo ezihlukile. Izihlobo eziseduzane zase-Arkhar nguMouflon no-Ureal, abahlala cishe ezindaweni ezifanayo, kepha indawo abahlala kuyo ibanzi.
Incazelo yezimvu zasezintabeni
Ubude bezimvu ezisezintabeni ezindala zisuka ku-120 ziye kuma-200 cm, ukuphakama kwabuna kusuka ku-90-120 cm, isisindo sisuka ku-65 kuye ku-180 kg. Ukubhaliswa okuhlukile kuhlukene ngosayizi nombala. Ngakho-ke, ummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke yiPamir argali. Umbala wezilwane uhluka kusuka kumbala wesihlabathi esikhanyayo kuya onsundu onsundu. Umzimba ophansi uhlala ukhanya. Ezinhlangothini kukhona imichilo yombala onsundu, ehlukanisa umzimba ophezulu kusuka phansi. Izibalo nomsila zilula. Owesilisa wezimvu zasezintabeni uhlukaniswa ubukhona bendandatho ebukeka njengoboya obukhanyayo entanyeni nezinwele eziphakeme ku-nape. Ukuhlanza kwenzeka kaningana ngonyaka, ijazi lasebusika lide futhi alilula kunejazi lasehlobo. Izimbambo zinde futhi zimfushane.
Kokubili okweduna nezinsikazi zemvu yasentabeni kunezimpondo ezinde. Emadodeni, osayizi bawo ahlaba umxhwele ngokwengeziwe, kusuka ku-180 kuya ku-190 cm, asontekile ngemiklamo, amathiphu aphendukela ngaphandle nangaphezulu.
Izici zokudla kwezempilo ezisezintabeni
Izimvu zasendle ezisezintabeni ziyi-herbivore, okuyisisekelo sokudla kwazo okuyizinhlobonhlobo zemifino e-herbaceous. Ama-aralian ane-penchant ethile yezilimo zikakolweni. Zonke izinhlobo zokudla ezondlekile ngokuvamile azithembeki; zingadla i-sedge ne-hodgepodge.
Isilwane singenza ngaphandle kokuphuza amanzi isikhathi esithile futhi saneliswe ngumswakama ovela ezitshalweni. Uma kunesidingo, ungaphuza namanzi kasawoti.
Izinhlobo zezimvu nezimvu
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa izinhlobo nezinhlobo zalezi zilwane. Izinhlobo eziningi ziyafuya futhi zizalelwe inyama noma uvolo. Noma mhlawumbe zombili. Kulokhu, ngokwesibonelo, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo zenyama noboya. Futhi, ukuthola uboya bezimvu eziningi, kungcono ukuzalanisa izimvu ezinezinwele ezinde. Okukhethwa kukho okuhle kwezinja zezinja ezinde zaseRussia.
Futhi ziyaziwa izinhlobo ezifana:
- I-Soviet merino.Ifuzwa ngezinga elikhulu ukuthola uboya be-merino ethambile.
- Karakul zohlobo lwezimvu. Kungashiwo ngohlobo lwamafutha ezimvu. Amakhaphethi enziwa ngoboya bohlobo oluhlanganisiwe, kanti kusetshenziswa okhalweni ukukhiqiza amajazi e-astrakhan fur.
- I-Border Leister - ilungele kahle kokubili inyama noboya.
- Dagestan zohlobo lwezimvu - olusetshenziswa ekuqondisweni kwenyama noboya.
- Ukuzalela i-Altai - kukhulelwe inyama noboya.
Lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa njengezimvu ezifuywayo, kepha izinhlobo eziningi zasendle zalo mndeni wezilwane ziyaziwa. Isibonelo, iMouflon, inqama yeqhwa, iyintaba, inqama enomlenze omile, i-Arkhar, i-Urial nabanye abaningi.
Umehluko phakathi kwezimvu nezimvu
Ukunaka, NAMUHLA!
Bheka Izinkinga Zokulondolozwa
Izimvu zasendle ezisezintabeni i-Arkhar nazo zonke izindawo ezingaphansi kwazo zimbalwa kakhulu, ezinye zisongelwa ngokuqothulwa okugcwele, yingakho zibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu yamazwe amaningi, kubandakanya iRussia, Kazakhstan, iMongolia ne China. Hhayi izilwane ezizingelayo kuphela, kepha futhi nokuthengisa izikhumba, izimpondo nezinye izingxenye zesidumbu akuvunyelwe. Naphezu kwazo zonke izindlela zokuvikela, inani lezilwane lihlala lincipha. Inani labantu baseDagestan, isimo esinzima sama-Arkhars aqhamuka ogwadule lwaseKyzylkum, acishe anyamalala.
Izimpondo ezinkulu ze-argali ezinkulu - indondo enkulu yabazingeli babazingeli. Intengo yabo kumnyama ingafinyelela amadola ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi. Akunandaba ukuthi abaphathi babhekene nobunzima obungakanani ngokuthengiswa okungekho emthethweni kwezimpondo, ukuhweba ngokufihlakala kugcwele impela. Ukudubula kwenziwa nasezindaweni ezivikelwe ngokuqinile, ikakhulukazi eRussia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, kanye namazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitho sivame ukusetshenziswa emithini yaseChina, ebeka engcupheni ubukhona bezinhlobo zaseTibetan nezasePalmyra.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfuyo isongelwa impilo yomuntu. Izingozi ezinkulu yilezi:
- belusa umhlambi wezimvu ezifuywayo,
- ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene nemigoqo ezindleleni zokufuduka,
- ukwakhiwa kojantshi nemigwaqo emikhulu ezindaweni zokuhlala,
- izimayini.
Ukuthuthuka kakhulu kwezolimo, ngenkathi kugcinwa amadlelo emfuyo mahhala, kubukela phansi kakhulu inani labantu baseMongolia. Ukunyamalala kwe-Arigali eMpumalanga yeSiberia kuhlotshaniswa nokwakhiwa kwezinsizakusebenza kule ndawo. Izilwane zaseChina zihlupheka ngokwanda kwenani labantu, zibeka imigwaqo ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude, ukuvela kwezindawo ezintsha.
Kusakazeka izimvu zezintaba
Izimvu zasezintabeni zivamile emaphethelweni ezansi nasezintabeni zaseCentral naseCentral Asia, lapho zikhuphukela khona phezulu ukusuka kumamitha ayi-1000 kuye kwangama-6000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Zitholakala eHimalaya, ePamirs naseTibet, e-Altai naseMongolia. Phambilini ibanga belibanzi futhi lifaka phakathi entshonalanga nasempumalanga yeSiberia, kanye nasentshonalanga eseningizimu neYakutia.
Izindawo eziqondile ziyahlukahluka kokubhaliselwe okuhlukile:
- u-Ovis Amoni u-Ovis Amoni uhlala eGobi naseMongolia Altai, empumalanga yeKazakhstan, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Altai, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeTuva neMongolia,
- ama-subspecies u-Ovis ammon collium asabalele eKazakhstan nase-Altai,
- subspecies Ovis ammon hodgsonii - umhlali waseTibet, amaHimalaya, Nepal, India,
- Izikhala ezingaphansi kwe-Ovis ammon karelini zitholakala eKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan nase China,
- subspecies Ovis ammon rolii uhlala Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Afghanistan,
- u-Ovis ammon jubata uhlala eTibet,
- ama-subspecies Ovis ammon severtzóvi atholakala entshonalanga yeKazakhstan nase-Uzbekistan.
Izimvu zasezintabeni zithanda indawo evulekile, imithambeka yezintaba ze-steppe nezindawo ezinamadwala e-piedmont, izihlahla ezinezintaba ezinotshani ezigcwele indawo enezihlahla ezinamaqabunga. Isici esihlukile sawo wonke ama-subspecies ukufuduka ngokuthe mpo ngesizini. Ehlobo, izinqama zezintaba ziya e-alpine zone, zigcwele izimila ezinotshani, kuthi ebusika zehlele emadlelo aluhlaza.
4 Indlela Yokuphila
Izimvu zasendle ziphile impilo yokuhlala, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile ziyaphoqelelwa ukuba zizulazule. Ebusika behlela ezansi kwezintaba, ehlobo benyuka phezulu. Esikhathini sehlobo bahlukaniswe ngemihlambi yezilwane eziyi-10-30.Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, bahlangana emindenini eminingi, kwesinye isikhathi bafinyelela kumayunithi ayinkulungwane. Lokhu kungenye umehluko ovela ezimbuzini, lapho iziqu ezinjalo zingabhekwa. Abesilisa bathanda ukuhlala ngokwehlukana nabesifazane abanamawundlu. Izimvu ezinkulu kakhulu zivame ukuhlukaniswa.
Imindeni enjalo ifana nokuhlala ndawonye. Onke amalungu ahlala ndawonye, kodwa angakhombisi intshiseko enkulu komakhelwane bawo. Kepha ukuhlala beqaphile kuhlala kunjalo. Izibonakaliso ezincane kakhulu zokukhathazeka kwelinye zisebenza njengesiginali ye-alamu futhi i-alamu emhlambini wonke. Kujwayelekile ukuthi izinqama zikhiphe ukugeleza kwamanzi, ziphansi ngezwi futhi ziqinile kunalezimvu. Uma lezi zokugcina zibhekwa njengezidalwa eziyiziphukuphuku, khona-ke izimvu zezintaba zihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi zihlakaniphe. Ngobungozi obuncane, bashiya izindlela ezingafinyeleleki kwisitha esingaba khona. Emadwaleni, akhuphuki ngokungacekeki njengezimbuzi, kodwa azinalo ikhono lokugxuma. Ikhono ngokuwa kwe-swoop eyodwa ukunqoba ibanga lamamitha amabili ukuphakama kanye nama-3,5,5 m ubude endaweni ephansi.
Izilwane ziyi-herbivores. Akunandaba nokuthi hlobo luni lwezinhlobo, zijwayela ngokushesha izimo zokuphila futhi azikhathaleli ukuzondla. Uma ukhetho lukhona, bakhetha:
- okusanhlamvu, i-sedge, iminti, utshani bezimpaphe,
- lichens kanye moss,
- amajikijolo namahlamvu
- amahlumela wezihlahla ezihlukene nezihlahla (i-oki, uphondobe, imephu, ipistachios).
Amagwababa, amagatsha e-rosehip, nezinhlamvu zomile kumayini ngaphansi kweqhwa. Zonke izinsuku baya emgodini wokunisela, imvamisa endaweni eyihlane. Ungakhathazeki ngokudla usawoti wamadwala, ukukhotha ngawo izikhonkwane zikasawoti. Khetha amadlelo anamachibi aseduze. Ngobusika, buthelela amanqatha angaphansi. Izimvu ezifuywayo zasekhaya zidla utshani oxutshwe notshani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bondliwa ngama-oats noma ngebhali lomhlabathi.
Ukuxhumana okujwayelekile kwezimvu zezintaba
Uhlobo lwenqama yasentabeni ifaka okulandelayo, okuhlukanisa izindawo kanye nosayizi:
- Ama-anatolian mouflons (Ovis ammon anatolisa),
- Izimvu zasezintabeni zakwaBukhara (Ovis Amon Bosharensis),
- IKazakhstan Argali (i-Ovis Amon Collium),
- I-Gansu argali (i-Ovis ammon dalailamae),
- Izimvu zezintaba zaseTibetan (Ovis ammon hodgsonii),
- Izimvu zasezintabeni zaseNyakatho Chinese (u-Ovis Ammoni Jubata),
- Izimvu zasezintabeni zeTien Shan (i-Ovis ammon karelini),
- I-Argali Kozlova (Ovis Amoni Kozlovi),
- Izimvu zasezintabeni zaseKaratau (i-Ovis Amon nigrimontana),
- Izimvu zasezintabeni zaseCypriot (i-Ovis Amon Orhion),
- izimvu zezintaba uMarco Polo (Ovis ammon rolii),
- Izimvu zasezintabeni zaseKyzylkum (Оvis аmmоn sevеrtzоvi),
- Ama-Urmian mouflons (u-Ovis Amon Urmiana).
Indlela yempilo
Ngenkathi efudumele, izilwane zihlangana ngamaqembu amancane (izilwane ezingama-30 ngayinye), izinsikazi ezinamathole zihlala ngokwahlukana. Ngokuqala kobusika, ama-bovid ahlanganiswe emihlambini yamakhanda afinyelela ku-1. Izilwane zihlala ziqapha ukuphepha kwazo. Lapho kufika lo songo, noma yiliphi ilunga lomhlambi likhipha isinali ye-alamu lapho wonke umphakathi usabela khona. Izilwane azishiyi uhla lwazo, kepha ziyahamba phakathi kwemizimba yamanzi namadlelo noma ngaphakathi kwezintaba, zikhuphuka lapho ehlobo, futhi zehlela ezansi emaphethelweni ebusika.
Inqama yasendle emnandi ayilandeli ekudleni. Ukudla kubandakanya izakhi ezilandelayo:
- AmaForamu: utshani obuluhlaza obuluhlaza, izimpaphe, utshani bukakolweni, udoti wasogwadule njll.
- Amahlumela amasha ezihlahla, izihlahlana.
- Amajikijolo, amakhowe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibungu ezinama izibungu ezikuzo, zinika umzimba amaprotheni.
- Izinkuni ezifile ezikhishwe ngaphansi kweqhwa, izimpande zezitshalo, ama-mosses, ama-lichens.
Izinhlobo zama-geckosKukhona izinhlobo ze-liveAlabaev eziphilayo Izingwe ezikude zaseMpumalanga zathuthela esikhungweni sebhizinisi likaNowa Ark eMoscow
Inqama yasendle ingena esigabeni sokuzala ineminyaka engu-2-3. Umjaho uqala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho - eduze nasekupheleni kwekwindla. Ilungelo lokumboza insikazi, izimpi zenzeka phakathi kwabesilisa. Izilwane azinazibopho zomndeni: umkhiqizi ushiya izimvu ngemuva kokukhulelwa, ahambe ayofuna omunye umlingani. Imvu inewundlu (noma amabili noma amathathu) izinyanga ezinhlanu. Ukuzalwa kwenzeka endaweni eseceleni lapho umama onzalo ehlala khona izinsuku ezingama-3-4 ngaphambi kokuba abuyele emhlambini.Izilwane ezisencane zidla ubisi izinyanga ezingama-3-4, yize zidla izitshalo kusuka zinezinyanga ubudala. Amawundlu azimele lapho esiba nezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala.
Ukuziphatha kwezimvu zasezintabeni
Izimvu zasezintabeni ziphila impilo yokuhlala isikhathi eside. Ebusika nasehlobo, bafuduka bebheke phezulu. Ehlobo, izilwane zakha amaqembu amancane abantu abafinyelela kwabangamashumi amathathu, futhi ebusika la maqembu ahlangana futhi afaka amakhanda ayikhulu.
Umhlambi wezinqama zezintaba mhlawumbe ungowabantu besifazane abakhula abasha, noma amaqembu wesipele. Abesilisa abavuthiwe bavame uklaba ngokuhlukile kuwo wonke umuntu. Izimvu zihlala zibekezelelana futhi zinobungane ngaphakathi emhlambini, yize zingaphuthumi ukusizana, kepha uma imvu eyodwa ikhipha i-alamu, lonke iqembu liyahlangana. Isiginali yengozi kubantu abadala iyahlokoma, ezinganeni - ziyaqhuma.
Izimvu zasendle ezisezintabeni ziyisilwane esiqaphile futhi esithanda ukubona ngokushesha, esikwazi ukuqapha imvelo njalo. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, ucasha ngokushesha ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo izitha ezidla izitha. Ngamandla okukhuphuka amadwala, inqama yasentabeni ifaniswa nembuzi yasezintabeni. Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kokugxuma kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2, ubude bu cishe amamitha ayi-5.
Izimvu zasezintabeni zisebenza kakhulu ekuseni, ziphumula phakathi nosuku, zidla ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Isikhathi sokuphila salezinhlobo siseminyakeni eyi-10-12.
Izitha zemvelo yenqama yasentabeni
Izitha ezinkulu zemvelo yenqama yasentabeni yizimpisi. Lezi zidlova zidala inani lama-artiodactyls omonakalo omningi, ngenxa yokuthi izimvu zezintaba zihlala zithambile futhi zivulekile, ezindaweni ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitha zemvelo ezinjengengwe yeqhwa, izingwe, izingwe, amashisi, izinkozi nezinkozi zegolide zithinteka kabi ngamanani e-Arigali. Futhi, lezi zilwane zizingelwa ngabantu. Ukukhishwa kwalolu hlobo kuhlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwenyama, izikhumba nezimpondo ezibizayo.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngezimvu zasezintabeni
- Izimvu zasezintabeni zingabameli abakhulu bezimvu zasendle. Igama lezinhlobo zesiLatini elithi "Amoni" libuyela egameni likankulunkulu u-Amoni. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, ngenxa yokwesaba okukhulu iTyphon, isibhakabhaka saphenduka izilwane ezihlukene, u-Amon waphenduka inqama. Ngokwesiko lakudala, lo nkulunkulu wayefanekiselwa nomuntu okwakukhona izimpondo ezinkulu zenqama futhi zigobile.
- Kungenxa yezimpondo abantu abazingela ngezinqama ezintabeni kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Phambilini, emithini yendabuko yaseChinese, ama-potion ahlukahlukene ayelungiswa kubo. Manje intengo yezimpondo zalolu hlobo ifinyelela amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi.
- Izimvu zasezintabeni ezivela emadlelweni zivame ukugcwala ngaphandle kwemfuyo, emva kwalokho amasimu angakulungeli ngokuphelele ukondla lezi zilwane zasendle. Isintu sithinteka kabi ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ebusika obunzima kakhulu futhi kuneqhwa. Kepha ngokuvamile, isimo senani lezilwane kunzima ukusilandela ngenxa yendlela yazo yokuphila ezintabeni.
- Izimvu zasezintabeni zibhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia, ukuzingela zona akuvunyelwe. Lezi zilwane kulula kakhulu ukuzilawula, ekuthunjweni zigcinwa ezibayeni ezibanzi ezinocingo oluphakeme nolunamandla, futhi emagumbini anezitsha zokuphuza neziphakela. Ukubuyisa ubuningi bezinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini, zifakwa kwizindawo zokugcina izilwane nasezindalini.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: Izimvu zasezintabeni
NgesiLatini, i-Ovis ammon isilwane esinezimbotshana ezigqokile esiyingxenye yomndeni wama-bovine. Igama "gorali "yigama lesiMongolia elisho" izimvu zasendle. " Igama lesiLatini lezinhlobo zama-amoni igama likankulunkulu u-Amon. Ngokwenganekwane yase-Ovid, isibhakabhaka sase-Olympus ngokwesaba iTyphon siphinde sazalwa ezilwaneni ezahlukahlukene. U-Amoni wathatha isimo senqama.
Okwamanje, kubhekwa izingqinamba eziyi-9:
- Altai ezintabeni,
- Kazakhstan,
- IsiTibetan,
- I-Tien Shan,
- Pamir,
- UGobi
- Karatau,
- I-North Chinese,
- Izimvu zasezintabeni zaseKyzylkum.
Abanye ochwepheshe bahlukanise i-mouflon njengo-Ovis Amon Musimon, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwe-DNA akuqinisekisile lokhu. Ukuhlolwa okuningana kwezimvu zasezintabeni kwahlolwa i-DNA ngofuzo, kwaholela ekutholakaleni kwezindawo ezintsha, futhi ezinye izingxhaso zahlanganiswa zaba ngama-subspecies owodwa.Eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule, inani layo yonke imininingwane yezimvu ezisezintabeni lehlile.
Ihlala kuphi inqama yentaba?
Isithombe: Izimvu zasezintabeni eRussia
I-Arkhars ihlala ezindaweni ezifanayo kuyo yonke impilo. Zitholakala emagqumeni nakwimithambeka emaweni ngenhla kuka-1000 m. Ehlobo, lapho ukudla kutholakala, izilwane zihamba zisondele eziqongweni zezintaba.
Izimvu zasezintabeni zitholakala emazweni anjalo:
- IMongolia. Zitholakala kulo lonke elasempumalanga yeMongolia, ezindaweni ezinamagquma, izintaba, amatshe avela emadwaleni nasezintabeni
- I-Uzbekistan Uhlobo lwake lwasatshalaliswa ngaphezu kwensimu enkulu yezwe. Namuhla, uhla lwezilwane ezisindayo lilinganiselwe ezintabeni zaseNuratau, indawo evikelwe enyakatho yeSamarkand. Inani elincane labantu liyaqhubeka entshonalanga yezintaba zase-Aktau naseTamdytau,
- Tajikistan. Izimvu zasezintabeni zikhona engxenyeni esempumalanga, ukusuka emngceleni neXinjiang, China entshonalanga, kuya eLangar eningizimu naseSarez Lake enyakatho,
- IRussia. Abakwa-Arkhars bake batholakala ezigabeni zaseTransbaikal, eKurai, eSouth Chuy, nangaphezulu kwalokhu kwithafa laseKukok. Muva nje, arekhodwe kuphela kumaRepublic of Tuva nase-Altai,
- Pakistan. Bahlala epaki likazwelonke iHunjerab nezindawo ezikuzo, kubandakanya iHigerab neMintaka,
- Nepal. Bahlala esifundeni saseDamodar-Kund, esisemngceleni weTibet. Ingagcinwa esifundeni saseDolpo,
- Kyrgyzstan Yethula engxenyeni esempumalanga yezwe ngendlela eya emngceleni neChina, usuka eKazakhstan enyakatho uye eTajikistan eningizimu, kanye nezingxenye ezisempumalanga yeTien Shan oqonde emngceleni we-Uzbek,
- IKazakhstan. Kubonwe enyakatho yeLake Balkash, engxenyeni esenyakatho-nasempumalanga yezwe. Abantu abancane bakhona ezintabeni zaseKara-Tau,
- India. Batholakala ethafeni elisempumalanga yeLadakh, endaweni eseduze yeSpiti, futhi ngokwahlukana enyakatho yeSikhk, eduze neTibet,
- China. Kusatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziningi zezintaba iXinjiang, kufaka phakathi i-Altai Shan, i-Arjin Shan, iKara-Kunlun Shan, iTien Shan, iPamir kanye nezindawo ezihlobene nazo,
- I-Afghanistan. Indawo esentshonalanga yeGreater Pamirs, ingxenye ebalulekile yama-Pamer aphansi, iyatholakala futhi eSigodini saseWahjir.
Isimo seCentral Asia sikhulu futhi sivulekile kakhulu. Izintaba ziguguleka ngenxa yokuguguleka komhlaba, futhi amagquma amakhulu ashelelayo agcinwe, enikeza ukubonwa okuhlukahlukene kwezilwane.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona izimvu zezintaba. Ake sibheke ukuthi kudliwa yini uNgalali.
Idla ini inqama yentaba?
Isithombe: I-Wild Mountain Ram
Ama-Argali angama-herbivores futhi adla amakhambi, amakhambi kanye ne-sedge. Izinsikazi nezimvu ezincane zidla ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingenalo ikhwalithi yokudla. Bahlala ezikhaleni ezingenamithi, kepha ngokudla okuningi. Lawa maphuzu okudla anikela ngokuvikelwa kubazingeli. Izinsikazi ezindala, ezinkulu kakhulu kusuka kwabesifazane nabancane, zondla ezindaweni eziphansi ngokudla kwekhwalithi ephezulu, kanti izinsikazi zigcina izikhala eziphakeme lapho okudla kuncane khona.
Izimvu zasezintabeni ziye zakwazi ukuzijwayeza ukusinda endaweni eyomile, enomoya futhi enesimo sezulu sasekhaya se-alps. Abantu abadala abangama-Arali abadla ama-16-19 kg wokudla ngosuku. Izitshalo ezikhethiwe ngokubuka ziyehluka ngobude nendawo. Ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, zidla utshani kanye ne-sedge. Ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, zondla kakhulu njalo ngezihlahla ze-mesophyte namakhambi. Emigqumeni ephansi nasezinhlanzini eziwugwadule, utshani kanye nodaka kuphinda kunqotshwe, kepha ngezinhlobo ezihlukile kunasemafuleni aphezulu.
EKazakhstan, amahlumela, amaqabunga, izithelo, izimbali kubalulekile ekudleni kwezimvu zasezintabeni unyaka wonke, kanti kulo lonke uhla, ziba isengezo sokudla esingandile. I-Arkhar idinga amanzi, okungeyona inkinga yezimvu ezihlala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, lapho iqhwa lihlibilika njalo futhi kukhona nemifudlana emincane yamanzi. Ezindaweni ezomile kakhulu, bangahamba amabanga amade beyofuna amanzi.Izimvu zasezintabeni nazo zisebenzisa ngokuzithandela inhlabathi kasawoti.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Asia Mountain Ram
I-Arkhar yizilwane ezelusa futhi zivame ukutholakala ngamaqembu ezilwane ezi-2 kuya kweziyi-100. Imihlambi ihlukaniswe ngocansi, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Iningi labantu likhombisa isibalo esikhulu sabantu abadala asebekhulile, okuhlanganisa ngaphezu kwengxenye yabantu, futhi ama-20% kuphela amadoda amadala nenye i-20% yamadoda amancane ase-Arali.
Ezinye izinsikazi zezintaba zizulazula zodwa, kodwa eziningi zitholakala emihlambini emincane. Abesifazane abanezingane bahlala emaqenjini amakhulu, kuvame ukuya kubantu abangama-92, ngaphandle kwezinkomo ezinezilwane ezingaba ngu-200.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Lezi zizolile kakhulu, azilwi nobubi kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, kanye nezilwane zenhlalo. Amalungu omhlambi azolandelana, futhi esikhathini esiningi azofuna ukuxhumana nezinye izimvu.
Emihlambi kwesinye isikhathi ifuduka, ikakhulukazi nabesilisa. Iningi lokufuduka kuhlotshaniswa nokwehliswa kwesikhashana kwemithombo yokudla, yize ukunaba ngokweqile kwezinambuzane eziluma, isomiso noma imililo enkulu, ukuzingela, kanye nenani lemfuyo nakho kungadala ukubaleka.
Izimvu zasezintabeni, njengomthetho, zikhuphuka zibe phezulu kakhulu ehlobo. Izimpondo ziyisici esivelele kwabesilisa. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa bashayisana ngamakhanda, kodwa kuyaqabukela bathola ukulimala okungathi sína. Yize ukulwa okunjalo mhlawumbe kubabangela ikhanda elibi!
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Umhlambi wezimvu zasezintabeni
Ukugijimisa kungenzeka kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya maphakathi noJanuwari, kuvame ukude ezindaweni eziphansi. Ukuhlobisa isithembu. Impi yabesilisa abavuthiwe yindaba enkulu. Izinqama zishayisana zinezimpondo, futhi imilenze yazo yangaphambili isemoyeni, zisebenza ngamandla anele ekushayweni ukuze kuzwakale kude nobude obufika ku-800 m.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Abesifazane bafika ebusheni eneminyaka emi-2, kanti abesilisa baneminyaka emi-5. Lokhu umehluko kunengqondo, ngoba abesilisa kumele bakhule kakhulu kunabesifazane ngaphambi kokuba bazale.
Abesilisa abaqinisiwe (ngaphezu kweminyaka eyisithupha ubudala), abakhulu kakhulu emhlambini, baba namandla, futhi izinsizwa ezincane ziyaxoshwa isikhathi sesikhathi sowesifazane. Lapho nje umbuso usuqaliwe, owesilisa usondela kowesifazana, uphakame ngamandla. Ukuhlangana kuqala cishe amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu ngemuva kokuqala kokuzala. Abesilisa bangahlala enkampanini yabesifazane izinyanga ezimbili ngemuva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuzala.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-165. Ukubeletha kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Ama-subspecies amaningi azala iwundlu elilodwa, yize amawele engajwayelekile kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, futhi ngisho namacala okuzalwa ngasikhathi sinye okungamawundlu amahlanu aqoshwa. Ekuzalweni, amawundlu anesisindo esingu-2.7-4.6 kg. Iwundlu elisanda kuzalwa nemvu kamama bahlala isikhashana lapho kuzalwa khona, futhi ngakusasa bahambe ndawonye.
Ukuthola isisindo kushesha impela, futhi ngosuku lokuzalwa lokuqala, amawundlu anesisindo sezikhathi eziyishumi kunokuzalwa kwawo. Abesifazane ngokuvamile bafinyelela isisindo sabo esiphezulu ngeminyaka emibili, kepha abesilisa baqhubeka nokukhula eminye iminyaka emibili. Amazinyo obisi akhula eneminyaka ecishe ibe izinyanga ezintathu, bese kusele amazinyo izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngaleso sikhathi, amawundlu aqala uklaba, kepha amathole-mama ayaqhubeka nokuzondla ubisi. Izimvu eziningi ezisezintabeni ziphila iminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyi-10.
Izitha zemvelo zezimvu zezintaba
Isithombe: Inqama yentaba, noma i-Arigali
Isu lokuphepha lezimvu zasezintabeni liningi. Amadoda amadala akhulu futhi ashesha ukwedlula abantu besifazane futhi azizwa isidingo ezikhethekile zokugwema izilwane ezidla ezinye. Ngakho-ke, bakhetha izindawo zokuhlala eziphansi kunalezo ezikhethwa yizinsikazi nezinsana zezintaba. Akuvamile ukuthi basebenzise izimpondo zabo ukuze bazivikele kubazingeli. Inzuzo enkulu esetshenziswa yi-Arigali lapho ihlasela izinyamazane indiza esheshayo. Njengoba isaba, imvu yodwa ingahlala ingashukumi kuze kube yilapho usongo luphela.Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwalezi zimvu emhlanjini lapho ingozi iwenza agijime futhi agxume.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, abesilisa bezimvu zezintaba bagxuma kabi futhi imvamisa abayisebenzisi ukugxuma ukuze babalekele, yize abesilisa abancane nezilwane ezincane besebenzisa le ndlela ngenkuthalo. Imilenze emide enamandla isiza izimvu zezintaba ukuhambahamba kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomhlaba. Zihlala ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka kuzo izilwane ezidla ezinye, ngokwesibonelo, ziphezulu emagqumeni noma ezintabeni ezakhiwe ngamapulangwe amahle.
Izinyamazane zizingela izinqama zezintaba:
Izimvu ezincane ezisezintabeni ziba inyamazane yama-coyot nezinyoni ezinkulu ezinjengokhozi nezinkozi zegolide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimvu zezintaba zizingelwa ngabantu ababulala ngentshiseko ama-artiodactyls ngokukhishwa kwezimpondo ezibizayo, inyama nezikhumba. Phakathi kwezilwane, izimpisi zithatha indawo yokuqala ekudaleleni umonakalo ezimvini ezisezintabeni, ezivame ukusebenzisa izimo ezinzima zasebusika (ngokwesibonelo, iqhwa elinamandla) ukubamba izimvu zezintaba. Ukuze ugweme ukuqagela, izilwane emhlanjini zihamba ndawonye futhi zihlale eqenjini.
Indlela yokuphila
Izindawo ezimbili zingahlukaniswa ngamanani ezinqama zezintaba zase-Altai. Esokuqala ngabesifazane nabancane, kwesesibili ngabesilisa. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, eqala ngoJanuwari kuya kuFebhuwari, abesilisa bancintisana, bashaye isitha ngezimpondo ezinhlangothini nasesifubeni.
Izitha zemvelo ziyizingwe zeqhwa nezimpisi.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inqama yasentabeni?
Inani eliphelele labantu nobubanzi bezinhlobo banciphile. Ukwehla kwenani lezimbuzi zasezintabeni kubeka engcupheni inani labantu abazidlayo, njengezingwe zeqhwa, okuncike kakhulu ekuqineni kwezinkumbi zabantu kulezi zimvu.
Izintaba zembuzi zasezintabeni ngezwe:
- I-Afghanistan. Izimvu zasezintabeni ezingama-624 (ezingama-87% zazo zitholakale kumaPrimer Pamirs. Inani lilonke lilinganiselwa kubantu abayi-1 000. I-120-210 eyodwa yabantu nayo yabonwa engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeGreat Pamir,
- China. Ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, isibalo se-Arigali eChina sivela ku-23 285 saya ku-31,920. Noma abanye abacwaningi bebala inani elincane kakhulu. Zonke izibalo zincike ekulinganiselweni kwabantu, futhi akekho ongafuna ukunemba,
- India. Izinqama zezimvu azijwayelekile eSikkim futhi kwesinye isikhathi zithuthela endaweni yaseSpiti. Abantu abangu-127 batholakala endaweni yokubhuka kanye nama-atali angaphezu kwama-200 eLadakh,
- IKazakhstan. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kusuka ku-8,000 kuya ku-10 000 engxenyeni esenyakatho-empumalanga yezwe, angama-250 ezintabeni zakwaKara-Tau, kanye nenani elingaziwa eTien Shan,
- Kyrgyzstan. Kunabantu abangama-565 engxenyeni esentshonalanga yebanga nezimvu zezintaba ezingama-6,000 engxenyeni esenyakatho-empumalanga yeKyrgyzstan. Izifundo zikaHulumeni zilinganise inani labantu ukuthi babalelwa ku-15,900
- IMongolia. Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe yi-Academy of Science ngo-2001, cishe izinkulungwane eziyishumi kuya kwezingama-12 000 zezimvu ezisezintabeni zazihlala esifundeni saseGobi saseMongolia nezingama-3 000 kuye kwezingama-5000 kwezinye izingxenye zezwe.
- Nepal. Isibalo sabantu sincane, akunakulinganiswa okunembile okwenziwe,
- Pakistan. Inani lezilwane ezweni lihlala lingaziwa, kepha cishe lingaphansi kwabantu abayikhulu,
- IRussia. Ezintabeni zase-Altai eningizimu yeRussia, kunezilwane ezingama-450-700 ezisatshalaliswa ngaphezulu kwezakhi eziningi, akukho noyedwa kuzo odlula izilwane ezingama-50. Kukhona nezimvu ezisezintabeni ezingama-80-85 ngaphakathi kwe-Altai Reserve, 150-160 ezindaweni eziphezulu zemifula yeSailugem Ridge, kanye nabantu abangama-40-45 emithambekeni yeChikhachev Ridge eRiphabhlikhi yaseTuva,
- Tajikistan. Ngokusho kokulinganisa, inani eliphelele eTajikistan lalingu-13,000 kuya ku-14 000. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuncane bomuntu ngamunye nge-1 km² liphakeme kakhulu eduze komngcele neChina,
- I-Uzbekistan Kuze kufinyelele kwabangu-1800 abantu abasindile, kuthi abangama-90% kubo kutholakale emgqeni weKaratau.
I-Altai ram: incazelo
Ngokomlando, izimvu zasezintabeni i-Altai zinamagama amaningi. Ibizwa ngazo zombili izimvu ze-Altai, ne-Arigali, ne-Altai argali. Kuwo wonke amagama esilwane esihlonishwayo kukhona ngisho ne "Tien Shan inqama."
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Njengoba sekushiwo, imvu yase-Altai iyizimvu ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Ukukhula kumuntu omdala kungafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-125, kanye nobude bamamitha amabili. Lezi ama-herbivores aqinile anezimpondo ezihambisanayo. Zishubile ngenqama ye-Altai, ebanzi kakhulu futhi igoqwe ukuze imiphetho inamathele phambili. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingxenye eyinhloko yophondo iyi-loop yophondo ebheke emuva kwesilwane.
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Izimpondo zidlala indima enkulu endodeni yenqama. Ngosizo lwazo, lesi silwane asivikeli kuphela ekulweni nezitha zemvelo, kodwa futhi sibamba iqhaza ezimpini ezisabalele ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Njengabo bonke abameleli bomndeni wenqama, inqama yezintaba i-Altai yi-herbivore. Isisekelo sokudla kwakhe zinhlobonhlobo zamabele, i-sedge, i-buckwheat namanye amakhambi. Ebusika, lapho kungekho ukutholakala kokudla okuyikho, izilwane ziyazulazula. Ikakhulu, behla ezintabeni badle emathafeni. Ukuthola amadlelo afanele, izimvu zasezintabeni zase-Altai zingafudukela ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-50.
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Habitat
Namuhla, kunamaphuzu amathathu kuphela embulungeni yonke lapho ungabona khona imbuzi yezintaba ye-Altai:
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- Endaweni yaseChulshman.
- Endaweni yezintaba ze-Saylyugem,
- Esigabeni esiphakathi kweMongolia neChina.
Akusho ukuthi izindawo lapho izimvu zihlala khona zigadiwe ngokucophelela futhi ziyindawo yokonga.
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Indawo eyintandokazi yezimbuzi zezintaba indawo ephakemeyo. Ngasikhathi sinye, azidingi zimila ziningi - zizokwanela izihlahla ezincane ezivela ezinqolobaneni zezimbambo eziyindilinga.
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Esikhathini esishisayo, izimvu zezintaba zingadla amahlandla amabili noma amathathu, kepha ngokuqondene nokuphuza, okuphambene nalokho kuyenzeka lapha - ziphinda zigcwalise amanzi agcinwe emzimbeni wazo njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu.
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Ukuvikelwa kwezimvu zasezintabeni
Isithombe: Izimvu zasezintabeni ezivela eNcwadini ebomvu
I-Arkhar ibekwa engcupheni kulo lonke uhla lwayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo ngenxa yokugcwala ngokweqile nokuzingela. Njengenqama enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ingumugqa wamukelekile phakathi kwabazingeli. Badutshulwa ngenxa yenyama, izimpondo ezisetshenziselwa umuthi wendabuko waseShayina, nezikhumba. Ukuzingela kuyaqhubeka nokuba yinkinga enkulu (futhi enzima ukuyiphatha). Izimvu zasezintabeni zaqothulwa enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, eSiberia eseningizimu nasezingxenyeni zaseMongolia.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izimvu zasezintabeni zivikelwe yonke indawo izinhlangano zezemvelo futhi zikwiNcwadi Ebomvu yomhlaba wonke njengezinhlobo ezisengozini. Kubekwe futhi eNcwadini Ebomvu YaseRussia.
Izimvu zaseNtabeni kufakwe futhi ku-CITES Isithasiselo II, ngaphandle kwalezo ezisencwadini O. a. nigrimontana no-O. a. i-hodgsonii, ehlanganiswe neSithasiselo I. Ukulondoloza izinhlobo, izinqolobane zemvelo zakhiwa lapho ukuzingela kungavunyelwe ngokuphelele. Izimvu zasezintabeni zibekezelela kahle ubugqila futhi zize zikhiqize inzalo. Ukudluliselwa kwezifo kusuka ezifuyweni kuyinto ebalulekile ethinta usayizi wabantu. Lokhu kusatshiswa kubonakala kungafani kakhulu phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene, noma ngabe izindawo zokuhlala zihlukile.
2 Izinhlobo ukuhlukahluka
Emphakathini wesayensi, kuze kube manje akukho sivumelwano mayelana nezinhlobo zezinhlelo kanye nokuhlukaniswa. Abanye bahlongoza ukuhlukanisa izilwane ngokwezimpawu ze-morphological, ezinye - ngokusho kofuzo. Kuze kube manje, kuhlonishwe izinhlobo ezi-7 eziphambili, ezivame kakhulu etafuleni:
Buka igama | Isimilo Nencazelo | Izithombe ezibonakalayo |
i-European mouflon | Isilwane esinesisindo esifinyelela ku-50 kg nobude bomzimba obungu-120-125 cm. Umbala uyashintsha ngezikhathi ezithile: ehlobo ubomvu onsundu, ebusika kuba yisifuba esidla izindwani. Isisu sihlala simhlophe. Inqama ifakwa izimpondo ezithuthukisiwe ezinde ezinobude obungamasentimitha angama-60-65. Ububanzi, zinesimo soxantathu. Izinsikazi cishe azinazimpondo. Ukuphila ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseCorsica naseSardinia, kanye naseningizimu yeYurophu | |
I-mouflon yase-Asia | Zinobude bomzimba obu-150 cm nesisindo esingama-80 kg. Ukukhula kwenqama lapho ibuna kungamasentimitha angama-90-921. Izimpondo zingunxantathu, zisontwe ngokuphenduka okukodwa, kube nesisekelo esigaxekile. Kwabesifazane, izimpondo zihlangene kakhulu, ziyisicaba futhi azisontekile. Ijazi loboya linsundu, linombala obomvu noma obomvu wegolide. Ebusika, kulungiswa emthunzini onsundu onsundu.Ikhadi elivakashelayo lezinsizakusebenza lingumugqa omnyama ogibeni kanye ne-tarry scruff enezinwele ezimhlophe. Uhla lokusatshalaliswa kwemvelo yiTranscaucasia, iAzerbaijan, i-Armenia, iTurkmenistan, iTajikistan, kuze kufike kuLwandle iMedithera naseNdiya. | |
UCypriot Mouflon | Enye imininingwane engaphansi kwe-mouflon, eseduze kokuqothulwa. Ngo-2016, isibalo sasingabantu abayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Uhlala eCyprus | |
Isenzo | Kutholakala eCentral Asia nasezindaweni eziphakeme zaseKashmir. Ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswa nama-mouflons ase-Asia. Isudi linsundu ikakhulu. Emadodeni, indawo yesifuba nentamo ephansi kumnyama. Izinqama zinkulu: ubude - 145-150 cm nokukhula kwamamitha. Amanye amabala athola isisindo aze afike ku-90 kg. Izilwane ezinhle ezinemilenze emide nemincanyana. Izimpondo esigabeni 30-31 cm, ubude 80-85 cm.Bahlala ikakhulukazi eCentral Asia | |
I-Argar | Phakathi kwabameleli kukhona imidondoshiya enobude obungamamitha ayi-2 nokuphakama okungamamitha ayi-1,1-1,4. Abantu bePamir abanesisindo esingama-180 kg. I-avareji eyisilinganiso esinezisindo ingu-60-65 kg ubude obungu-1,3 m nokuphakama okungamamitha angama-0.9-1. Izimpondo zihlaba umxhwele ngosayizi, zifinyelela ku-15% wesisindo sonke. Ubude bawo kwesinye isikhathi bufika kumamitha ayi-2. Ibhendi emhlophe ikhala intamo. Umbala oyisisekelo uhluka kusuka kokukhanya okukhanyayo kuya kokumpunga onsundu. Izinhlobo zihlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zezimvu ezisezintabeni | |
Inqama yeqhwa | Emvelweni yemvelo otholakala e-Eastern Siberia. Isudi liphethwe ngumbala onsundu, ngokukhanya esiswini nangaphakathi emilenzeni. Bahlukaniswa yiphysical eqinile futhi yemisipha. Owesilisa osemdala unesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-150, ubude bawo bomzimba buyi-1.9 m. Isisindo sabesifazane asidluli kuma-70 kg. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zihlala eChukotka naseKamchatka. Izinhlobo - ikhanda eliphakathi nendawo, intambo emfishane futhi eminyene, izindlebe ezicocekile. Imilenze imfishane, inamandla. Izimpondo ezifika ku-1 m ubude zigoqwe ngendlela ecasulayo, kanti imikhawulo iphendukele ngaphandle. Ingxenye yesifazane yophondo isifushane futhi ifana nesikela | |
Izimvu ezivuthiwe | Bahlala ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseNyakatho Melika. Mikhulu ngobukhulu, inekhanda elihlanganayo nezindlebe ezincane. Umsila awabonakali. Imilenze inemisipha, iqinile, imfishane. Isici esihlukile yizimpondo ezigqinsiwe zokuqina ezisontekile kuze kufike ku-1,2 m ubude. Isisindo sazo siqhathaniswa nesisindo somzimba esiphelele. Futhi lokhu kungamakhilogremu ayi-140. Abesifazane bancane, hhayi ngaphezu kwama-90 kg. Izimpondo zakamuva zincane, zibunjiwe ngesikela. Uma isimo sezulu sifudumele, imfuyo ihlangana kakhulu. Umbala uvame ukuba nsundu ngombala ophuzi noma onsundu. Izisu ezingezansi namathanga kukhanya ngaphakathi | |
Izimvu ezincanyana noma uDalla | Ngokungafani nozakwabo basezintabeni, banezimpondo ezilinganayo ezinamamitha. Agoba okwegobongo. Isisindo sesilwane sifinyelela ku-145 kg. Ihlukaniswe yaba yizi-subspecies ezi-2: ezimhlophe nezimpunga ezinamabala amhlophe. Zitholakala kulo lonke i-Alaska ziye enyakatho nentshonalanga ye-United States. | |
I-Altaic | Ummeleli omkhulu kunabo bonke abangabhalisile, kubhekiswa kwi-argali. U-Argali uhlala e-Altai naseTuva kuphela. Ngaphandle kweRussia zitholakala eMongolia. Kuze kube manje, abantu abancane abathathu baye basinda emngceleni weChina, iMongolia kanye nogaba lwe-Saylyugem. Lawa ngabantu abanomusa, abahlukaniswe ngokulingene, ukuphakama okungama-115-125 cm. Isisindo samadoda singama-200 kg, kuthi abesifazane kube ngu-110 kg. Amadoda amadala anezimpondo aze afike ku-150 cm ubude, enesikhumba esiyi-50-55 cm. Zinejazi loboya obukhulu, ukusuka ku-brown brown to brown brown. Indawo ye-Belly kanye nomsila imhlophe |
Ukuzalaniswa kwenyama yezimvu
Isici sekhwalithi esemqoka yezilwane ezinjalo yisithelo esikhulu senyama ngemuva kokubulala izilwane.
Abantu abamele le nkomba bayanda kakhulu futhi bayakwazi ukuthola isisindo somzimba ngokushesha. Isisindo sezilwane ezisencane zezilwane ezithile zenyama ezinyangeni ezine zingafinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-40 kuye kwangama-60. Inyama yenyama inganesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-150, nezimvu zalolu lwazi kuze kufike kumakhilogremu angama-80. Imvamisa, izilwane zohlobo olunjalo azizethembi kakhulu zombili ngokwemvelo yamadlelo, futhi ngokwemibandela yokugcinwa kwazo futhi azidingi ukubhekwa ngokucophelela.I-main feed ration yezimvu zenyama iqukethe ifolishi eluhlaza etholakala emasimini asebusika, futhi ebusika - kusuka ku-silage, feed feed kanye nezitshalo ezimpandeni. Ukuvusa ukwanda kwesisindo sokuhlaba, izimvu zinikezwa izinhlobo ezikhethekile zokuzondla.
Ububi bezilwane zale nkomba yokuqondiswa kwezimvu kungukuzwela kwalezi zilwane ekushintsheni okushisa okuqinile, ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi ebusika ebandayo, zidinga amakamelo afakwe futhi omile ukuze agcinwe. Inzuzo enkulu ebalulekile yezimvu zenyama inyama enezakhi eziphakeme zokudla okunempilo nokunambitheka ngokungabikho ngokuphelele kwama-fat layer.
Ezweni lethu, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zokukhiqiza inyama ekufuyeni izimvu zithole ukuthandwa okubanzi: iDorper, North Caucasus, Texel, Gorky, Tien Shan, imashi yaseRomney.
Kumele kuqashelwe uhlobo olunje lwe-dorper, okuthi, yize izinkomba zokukhiqiza ezinhle, lungakabi yinto evamile ezweni lethu. Ochwepheshe bathi lokhu kufakwa ngaphandle kokuthi izilwane ezihlanzekile ezisetshenzisiwe zithunyelwa futhi zifike eRussia zivela eYurophu, ikhulu liboniswa ngentengo yazo ephezulu, ephakathi kwewaka nengxenye yama-euro ayizinkulungwane ngazinye.
Izinhlobo zezimvu zendlela yobisi
Igama elithi "izimvu zobisi" alinembile ngokuphelele. Ubisi lwezimvu aludingeki kakhulu phakathi kwezitshalo ezisebenza ngobisi. Ubisi lwezimvu njengento eluhlaza esetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhiqiza ushizi. Futhi ngokuya izinkomba zekhwalithi, ubisi lwalezi zilwane liphansi kakhulu kunenkomo. Ngakho-ke, kungaba okulungile ngokwengeziwe ukubiza lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezifuywayo ngokuthi i-smushoko-dairy.
Ama-Smoothies abizwa ngokuthi izikhumba zamawundlu ezithathwe ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezine. Izidingo ezivela kubakhiqizi bezikhumba kulezi zikhumba ziphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuqaphela kwe-smushki kunikeza kuphela ingxenye yemali engenayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngaphandle kokulahlwa udoti, imvukazi iyaqhubeka ukukhotha, okuvumela umnikazi ukuthi athole imali ephindwe kabili (ngokuthengiswa kwezikhumba zamawundlu nasekuthengisweni kobisi lwezimvu).
Izimvu zesikhombisi se-milky-smushka zihlukaniswa ukukhiqiza ubisi oluphezulu.
Karakul zohlobo lwezimvu
Imvu ngayinye inika cishe amalitha ayikhulu obisi. Ukuphazamiseka okubalulekile kwalezi zilwane kufaka izifunda ezilinganiselwe zokuzalelwa kwazo ngenxa yokuthi izilwane zalolu hlobo lokuzalela zingakwazi ukubekezelela isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile.
ukufuthwa kwezimvu kule ndlela, ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo yezwe lethu kuholela ekwehleni okukhulu komkhiqizo wazo.
Izinhlobo zezinja zobisi ezaziwa kakhulu eRussia zimelelwa izinhlobo ezilandelayo: iSokolskaya, Karakul neReshetilovskaya.
Ngabe izinqama zihlala kuphi emvelweni?
Izimvu zasendle zihlala kuphela emazweni asenyakatho ye-hemisphere futhi zihlala ezigodini zezintaba naseGrisi naseTurkey, eNyakatho Afrika naseSpain, eCrimea naseKazakhstan, ePakistan, Afghanistan, Russia naseNdiya. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimvu eziqhamukayo zihlala ezigwadule. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-Yuria zingatholakala eCaucasus, Pamir, Tien Shan nase-Altai. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimvu zigcwele eKamchatka, eTransbaikalia naseSpumalanga Siberia, nasezintabeni zaseTibet naseHimalaya. Ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika, uhla lokusatshalaliswa kwemvelo luhlanganiswe emaphethelweni asogwini lwePacific, ukusuka eMexico kuya e-Alaska.
Indawo yokuhlala yezimvu ezifuywayo cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica nezindawo ezishisayo ezinomswakama omkhulu. Namuhla, izimvu nezimvu zikhulisiwe kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu nase-Asia, emazweni aseMelika, New Zealand nase-Australia.
Izilwane ezihlala ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo zinamathele endaweni ethile futhi zingalokothi ziyishiyile. Phakathi nonyaka, izimvu zasendle ziguqula ukufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile, zikhuphukele eziqongweni ezinyangeni zasehlobo futhi zehlele ezigodini ngenkathi kubanda ebusika.Umhlambi wezimvu ehlobo uhlanganisa isilinganiso sezinhloso ezingama-30, kuthi uma kuqala ubusika, eminye imiphakathi ingafinyelela izinhloso eziyinkulungwane. Imvamisa, inqama yensikazi ekhula kancane igcinwa ihlukaniswe namaqembu abesilisa asakazekile. Isimo esiyingqayizivele sokuziphatha kokuxhumana komhlambi kungukubusa njalo esimweni esikuzungezile. I-alamu etholwe kunoma yiliphi ilunga lomhlambi wezimvu liyisiqondiso esenzelwa umphakathi wonke.
Ezimweni ezifuywayo, ngokungafani nezihlobo zasendle, umhlambi ungohlobo oluxubile, futhi umhlambi wemvelo ukhule kakhulu, kudinga ukuba khona kwelungu elilodwa lomhlambi oseduze. Imvu esele yodwa icindezelwe kakhulu.
Izici zokuhleleka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlelwa kwezilwane zasendle okuhlukaniswa njengezinqama kudidekile futhi akuphelele. Izinhlobo eziningana zezimvu zasendle zivamile emvelweni. Ngokuvamile, amadwala anjengeMouflon, i-Arkhar, i-Ugency, namanye amaningana abizwa ngokuthi yizintaba, ngoba ikakhulukazi ahlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba futhi azivumelanisa nokuzungeza amadwala. Kwezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lwezimvu ezifihliwe, ezinamaphondo aminyene futhi ezinophondo oluncanyana. Ukuhlukaniswa kwalezi zinhlobo kwenziwa ngokwesimo nokwakheka kwezimpondo, nangokuya ngokuhlaziywa kofuzo.
Ukunaka! Ngenxa yokuthi ngenxa yokudubula okungalawulwa, inani lezimvu zezintaba zaqala ukwehla kakhulu, ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba lezi zilwane zithathwe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa, ngenxa yokuthi imfuyo yazo yaqala ukukhula. Lokhu kuyabonakala ikakhulukazi emithonjeni yemvelo.
Izinhlobo zezimvu zasendle
Ososayensi bezilwane bahlukanisa lesi silwane ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ukuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile akukabikho. Abanye babelana ngezinhlobo ngokuya ngobudlelwano be-morphological, ngokwesibonelo, ngokwendlela yezimpondo. Abanye ngenani lama-chromosomes nesakhiwo esikhethekile se-DNA. Kodwa kunoma yikuphi, abaningi banombono wokuthi i-mouflon ingumkhiqizi wazo zonke izimvu.
Mouflon
IMouflon yinqama enezimpondo ezishisayo. Kwakuvela kulolu hlobo ukuthi zonke izimvu ezifuywayo zazivela kuphi. Kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezingaphansi:
- I-European mouflon. Umzimba wakhe ungafinyelela ku-125 cm, nesisindo esingu-50 kg. Umbala woboya buya ngezinkathi zonyaka. Ubomvu ogqamile - umbala wasehlobo, onsundu we-chestnut - ubusika. Izimpondo zeduna zithuthukiswe kakhulu, zingafinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-65. Ezinsikazi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimpondo azikho. Ama-mouflon ahlala endaweni eseningizimu yeYurophu, nasezintabeni zaseSardinia naseCorsica.
- I-mouflon yase-Asia. Isisindo sale nqama singafinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-80, ubude baso bube ngu-1.5 m, futhi ukuphakama kwaso kufinyelela ku-90 cm. Izimpondo zenqama yezintaba zase-Asiya zinqamuqele futhi zisontekile ngokuvukelana okukodwa. Ububanzi besisekelo bungafinyelela kuma-cm angama-29. Kwizinsikazi, izimpondo zincane, zicishe zibe flat futhi zingasontekile. Umbala ubomvu - nsundu, ebusika buba mnyama kakhulu. Izici zesici sale mouflon umucu omnyama ogijima ngemuva kanye ne-mane emnyama enezinwele ezikhanyayo (zangaphandle). I-Asia mouflon isakazeke eningizimu yeTurkmenistan neTajikistan, iTranscaucasia. Ungahlangana naye eNdiya, eIran, e-Armenia, eAzerbaijan.
- Cypriot mouflon. Inqama yasendle eyayisondele ekuqothulweni ngekhulu lama-20. Ukuzingela okusebenzayo kuye kwaholela ekutheni lezi zinhlobo zicishe ziqothulwe. Babalwa abayi-1200 kuphela ababalwa ngonyaka we-1997. Kepha ngonyaka ka-2016, inani labantu lase likhule lafika kwizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Indawo ehlala le mouflon yiCyprus.
Ezinye izinhlobo
- Isenzo. Ubukhulu bale nqama yasendle lapho babuna bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1 ubude nobude obuyi-1.45 m, isisindo singafinyelela uphawu lwe-87 kg. Izimpondo zeduna zifinyelela ku-1 m ubude, zinesisekelo samasentimitha angama-30,5. Ebusika, ijazi linsundu, isikhathi sonke esinsundu. Umehluko omkhulu ovela kwezinye izimvu zasendle umbala onsundu wesifuba nentamo ngaphambili. Kunezindawo ezingaphansi kweziyisithupha. Isilwane sihlala emazweni anjenge India kanye ne Iran, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan ne Afghanistan.
- I-Argali noma izimvu zasendle zasendle. Izimvu ezinkulu kakhulu ezintabeni. Ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela ubude obuyi-120-200 cm, nokuphakama kokubuna kwama-95-120, nesisindo sama-70-80 kg.Abesilisa nabesilisa banezimpondo ezinkulu ezivulekile; abesilisa banobude obungamasentimitha ayi-190. Emvelweni kukhona okumbalwa kwalesi silwane: iTien Shan, i-Altai, iNyakatho Chinese, iTibetan, iGobi, iKyzylkum, i-Amur, neKazakhstan. Umbala wejazi uncike kuma-subspecies. Umbala usukela ekukhanyeni kwesihlabathi kuya kwimpunga emnyama. Imicu emnyama onsundu igijimisana nogibela. Indandatho elula yoboya ihlobisa intamo ye-argali, kanti i-mane enoboya obude. Ihlanza kabili ngonyaka. Lesi silwane sigcwele eCentral nase-Asia Ephakathi. E-Russia, izimvu zezintaba zingatholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeSiberia. I-Arkhar ibhalwe ku-Red Book of the Russian Federation.
- Inqama yeqhwa. Unentamo emfushane nesisindo esanele, esingafinyelela ku-150 kg. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-188 cm, lapho bubuna bube ku-110 cm. Izimpondo zenqama zigoqwa zibe yindandatho futhi zingafinyelela kubungako be-1 m ubude. Izothi ezimpondweni cishe zingabonakali. Ezinsikazi, izimpondo zimfushane futhi zinciphile ububanzi. Umbala umnyama, onsundu. Isatshalaliswa engxenyeni esempumalanga yeSiberia.
- Imvu eboshiwe noma imvu eshwabene. Isisindo somzimba sisuka ku-75 kuye ku-145 kg, kanti ubude baso bube yi-110 cm, ukuphakama lapho kubuna khona cishe ngu-115 cm. Izimpondo zidonswa zibe yizingcingo futhi zifinyelele kubude obungu-110 cm. Izimpondo zesilisa zingafinyelela isisindo esifinyelela ku-14 kg. Umbala wobovu onsundu ngombala ophuzi noma onsundu. Isatshalaliswa eNyakatho Melika, isuka eCanada iye eCalifornia.
- Imilenze emincane noma enenqama uDalla. Izilwane zalolu hlobo zincanyana ngosayizi. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-175 cm, isisindo - 140 kg. Izimpondo zincanyana futhi zinde, zingakhula zize zibe ngu-110 cm ubude. I-Habitat esuka e-Alaska iya eColombia. UDalla uhlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amabili. Ngokuya ngezinsizakusebenza, umbala wejazi umhlophe ngampunga kucezu.
Izinhlobo zezindlela zokuqondisa inyama ezinamafutha
Ngenye indlela, lezi zimvu zibizwa ngokuthi umsila wamafutha. Zingahlukaniswa kalula kusuka kwabanye ngosayizi oqinile we-sac sac endaweni yesifunda. Izwe lenyama nezilwane ezinamafutha ngamazwe anezici zezulu ezinzima kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, zithi njengeTajikistan ne-Afghanistan. Izimo zezulu ezomile kanye nokungabikho okusebenzayo kwamagaba ajwayelekile kuyisizathu sezimpawu zalezi zinhlobo zezimvu. Isici esiyinhloko sezilwane ezinamafutha ngosayizi wazo omkhulu kakhulu (abamele le nhlobo bakhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezimvu)
Isici sabo sesibili esibalulekile ukuvumelana nezimo okuhle kwalezi zilwane cishe kunoma yikuphi ukubanda kwesimo sezulu. Well, futhi isici sesithathu ukusebenziseka kwabo lula
Emgogodleni wazo, izimvu ezinomsila ononile zikhumbuza amakamela. Emsileni ononile walezi zimvu, ngaphandle kwe-lard, kukhona inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba ezahlukahlukene, ezivumela lezi zilwane (njengamakamela) ukukwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi nokudla izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zivikelekile ezifweni ezithathelwanayo futhi zingondla emadlelo avulekile unyaka wonke.
Okubi kakhulu kwezilwane ezinjalo kufaka phakathi izinga labo eliphansi lokuzala. Ezizalweni zezimvu ezinomsila ononile, kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuba namawundlu angaphezu kwelilodwa. Okunye ukungathandeki kwezimvu zomsila ononile yikhwalithi ephansi yoboya bazo, cishe engathengiswa.
Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zenyama nokuqondisa kwamafutha kokuzalelwa kwezimvu kufaka phakathi: iJaidar, i-Edilbaev neHissar.
Isisindo bukhoma sowesilisa abadala besila somsila sisukela kumakhilogremu ayi-110 kuye kwangama-190. Izinsikazi zalo mthetho odlulayo, yize zibukeka zilingana kakhulu kunabesilisa, nokho zifinyelela isisindo esingu-75 kuye ku-90 kg. Isisindo samafutha emsileni ononile walezi zilwane zingafinyelela ku-14 kg.
Izinhlobo zezindlela zokuqondisa inyama zoboya bezimvu
Ikhwalithi enkulu yokukhiqiza yalezi zilwane isivuno esihle soboya bezinga elifunwayo, ngoba isivuno senyama salolu hlobo lokuzalela sisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhombisi-ndlela esivele sizibalile. Kodwa-ke, isisindo esiphakathi sezimvu zoboya benyama singamakhilogremu ayikhulu, ngakho-ke izilwane zezinhlobo ezinjalo zohlobo lokuzala zilungele ngokuphelele ukwenziwa kwewundlu.
Ikhwalithi yoboya balezi zilwane iyenza ibe yinto efunwa kabanzi, ilutho ekusetshenzisweni kwamabhizinisi ezimboni zokukhanya. Uya kokwenza amakhaphethi wekhwalithi enhle kakhulu, izinto zezingubo zangaphandle, amagilavu neminye imikhiqizo. Kufanele kuqashelwe izinkomba ezinhle zokukhiqizwa koboya kwezimvu kule ndlela. Kumuntu ngamunye, ungathola amakhilogremu ayisikhombisa - ama-20 wezinto zerune.
Yize kunezinzuzo ezinkulu, izinhlobo zoboya bezinyama zinobunzima obukhulu. Ngenxa yengubo yabo eminyene yoboya, izilwane zalolu hlobo lokuzalela zivame ukunqotshwa ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane zesikhumba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimvu zoboya benyama zihlobana kabi nomswakama noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, nezimo zezulu ezomile kakhulu.
Izinzuzo zifaka iqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi sebusika esibandayo lezi zilwane ziyeka ukuzizwa, ngoba izinwele ezinde nezinwele ezinde ziyisivikelo esihle ekulweni namazinga okushisa aphansi.
Ubuthakathaka besiqondiso sezinto zoboya bezimvu ingamandla ezimpuphu zabo, ngenxa yalokho ezakhiweni zesondlo sabo kudingeka phansi kwamapulangwe.
Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu nezidlange ezweni lethu lokuzala inyama noboya zihlanganisa: i-Altai, Stavropol, Grozny, Askanian neMerino.
Akunakushiwo ukuthi izimvu zohlobo lwezinwele zenyama azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokuzala okuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimvubu zale ndlela zinika ubisi oluncane, oluncane ngokwanele ukondla iwundlu elilodwa noma amabili.
Ukubuka konke okuphilayo
Izimvu ezisezintabeni zinomzimba omncane onamandla, azibukeki neze njengezimvu ezifuywayo futhi ezonakalisiwe. Lesi isilwane esiziqhenyayo futhi esihle. Izithombe ezinkulu zezinqama ezinezimpondo ezigobekile zitholakale emifanekisweni nasezinsolweni zakudala zase-Asiya. Izimvu zasendle ezisezintabeni zihlala ikakhulu ezindaweni eziphakemeyo e-Iraq, Iran nasezintabeni zeCaucasus. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lokugcina, ama-mouflon ase-Asia ayehlala endaweni yase-Armenia, eCrimea kanye nasemazweni asePhalamende laseBalkan.
Igama lesiLatini lalesi silwane yi-Ovis orientalis. Abesilisa ngokwemvelo bayizilwane ezinamehlo aqinile, ngakho-ke eqenjini elilodwa lezinqama zasendle kukhona ukulandelana okuphelele kwezikhundla. Abahlanya ngokungagugi balalela abanamandla. Umhlambi ungaba nabantu abacishe babe yikhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, owesilisa uzihlanganisa kuphela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokuzala, bese ushiya izihlobo. Isici esaziwa kahle sesikhathi sokuzalela: impi yabesilisa noma ukusunduza ngezimpondo.
Umsoco
Inqama yasendle yase-Asia ngokwemvelo idla ikakhulukazi zonke izinhlobo zotshani. Njengezimvu ezifuywayo, izimvu zasendle zithanda zonke izinhlobo zamabele, ikakhulukazi utshani bukakolweni obukhula kunoma iyiphi indawo yezintaba. Ama-Mouflons ngentokozo ejabulisa i-wort yaseSt. Ama-zoologists abala cishe izinhlobo eziyi-17 zamakhambi asendle ekudleni kwama-mouflons ase-Asia.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala yenqama yasentabeni
Izimvu zasezintabeni zibizwa ngeqembu lezilwane ezingama-artiodactyl - amalungu omndeni wama-bovine, ahambelana komunye nomunye, ngokufanayo ngandlela thile, kwizimvu ezifuywayo, izinkabi zemaskandi nezimbuzi zasezintabeni.
Ingahlukaniswa kwizimvu ezisezintabeni zokugcina ikakhulukazi ngezimpondo ezihlaba umxhwele, ezinesimo esiyindilinga esigabeni sesiphambano, nangobukhulu obukhulu, obukhulu obukhulu, imilenze emifushane nokuntuleka kwesilevu.
Izimvu zasendle ezisezintabeni, uma ziqhathaniswa nezimvu ezifuywayo, zimncanyana, futhi izimpondo zaso ziphakeme. Okufana nalezi zilwane kukhona nezinqama eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezinamuntu, okuyisimo esiphakathi nendawo phakathi kwezinqama ezejwayelekile nezimbuzi zasezintabeni.
Izimvu zasezintabeni zibonisa ngosayizi abaphakathi nabakhulu. Futhi ngokuyisisekelo, ngosayizi wazo, izinhlobo zazo, ososayensi abazibala cishe eziyisikhombisa, zihlelekile futhi zihlukile phakathi kwazo.
Ummeleli omncane kakhulu waleli qembu yi-mouflon. Lezi zilwane zinokuphakama cishe okungama-75 cm, kufinyelela isisindo esingama-25 kuye kwangama-46 kg. Umholi phakathi kwezinhlobo ngu-argali - ummeleli omkhulu waleli qembu.Abahlala ezintabeni ngalesosikhathi kwesinye isikhathi banesisindo esingaba yi-100, abesilisa kuze kufike ku-220 kg, bafinyelele ekuphakameni okungaphezu kwemitha.
Njengoba ubona esithombeni sezimvu ezisezintabeni, ukuziqhenya okungenamkhawulo nokuhlobisa kwezilwane ezinjalo yizimpondo zazo, ezisontekile ngendlela yasekuqaleni ngendlela evulekile, enemigqa eshintshashintshwayo futhi iqondiswe ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Umnikazi wezimpondo ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezisindayo (ezinesisindo esingama-35 kg) iyizimvu zasezintabeni ze-Altai, futhi ngummeleli omkhulu kakhulu wezilwane ezinjalo (ngokwesilinganiso abantu abanesisindo esingaba yi-180 kg).
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyizinhlobo ezingandile kakhulu, inani lazo, ngokwesilinganiso, ngabantu abangama-700 kuphela. Ngokubona lesi simo sezinto, eRussia lezi zakhamizi zezintaba zibhalwe kwiRed Book.
Umbala wezilwane, njengomthetho, uyalandelana, unombala obomvana noma obinsundu, kepha ingxenye yemilenze, yasesifundeni esingemuva nesisu, ezimeni eziningi, ipendwe ngombala omhlophe.
Kodwa-ke, kunokungafani okwanele. Isibonelo, izinqama ezinemilenze emincane zihlukaniswa ngemibala yokukhanya grey noma emhlophe, kanti ukubukeka okufana nokwenqenqemeni kuhlukaniswa ngama-hues abomvu aphuzi.
Izimvu zasezintabeni zihlala ngokuphumelelayo cishe kuzo zonke izindawo eziphakeme zeNyakatho Nenkabazwe, zimelwe kakhulu e-Asia, kepha zitholakala ezintabeni eziningi zaseYurophu, kanye naseNyakatho ne-Afrika naseMelika, zithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, ngokungafani nezimbuzi zezintaba. Olunye lwezinhlobo zalezi zilwane: izinqama ezinemilenze eminyene, zitholakala futhi ezingwadule zitholakala phansi kwezintaba.
Mayelana nenhlala-kahle yezilwane
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izimvu ziye zaqothulwa. Inani labantu liyancipha kancane kancane ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Okokuqala, lokhu kungukudutshulwa okungalawulwa ngabazingeli, futhi okwesibili, ukukhipha izilwane ezindaweni zazo zemvelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imfuyo idla imifino kulezi zindawo, edla iningi lokudla kwe-Arali, mouflon, njll. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni izilwane kumele zifune izindawo ezintsha zokudla nokuziphilisa. Imvamisa ngenxa yalokhu, ingxenye yomhlambi iyafa ezandleni zabazingeli noma izinyamazane ezinjenge-wolverines, izimpisi, izingwe zeqhwa, njll.
Ukuphepha kwesibalo, izindawo zokugcina zivulwa lapho kwenqatshelwe ukuzingela izilwane. Futhi njengoba izimvu zezintaba zizizwa zikhulu ekudingisweni, lapho zizalela khona, lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhuphule inani lohlobo. Icala elidume kakhulu lokuzingela izimvu ngokungemthetho ngo-2009. Lapho-ke kwaqhuma indiza enophephela emhlane i-Altai, lapho okwakukhona khona izikhulu eziphakeme nosomabhizinisi abazingela lezi zilwane. Leli cala lasheshe lazwakala emphakathini, kepha inkantolo yasenqaba leso sikhalazo. Njengoba kuphawulwe kancane, kunzima ukukhuluma ngobuningi, ngoba lesi silwane sihlala sasendle futhi sihlala lapho okungekho khona umuntu.
Incazelo yeRam, isimilo, isithombe. Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inqama?
Ubungako benqama busuka ku-1,4 kuye ku-1,8 metres. Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, isisindo semvu siyehluka kusuka ku-25 siye ku-220 kg, nokuphakama kokubuna - kusuka ku-65 kuye ku-125 cm.
Isici esihlukanisayo esivelele kuhlobo lwenqama siyizimpondo ezinkulu ezivulekile zangaphakathi ezilinganisiwe ezinezimpawu ezincane eziphambanayo ziqondiswe ezinhlangothini, zihleli ekhanda elincane eliphakeme. Izimpondo zezimvu zingafinyelela ku-180 cm, noma kunezinhlobo ezinezimpondo ezincane noma ngaphandle kwazo nhlobo. Imilenze ephakeme impela futhi eqinile ivumelaniswe kahle nokuhamba sobabili emasimini athambile nasezintabeni. Umsila wenqama unobude obungama-7 kuya ku-15 cm.
Ngenxa yesikhundla sangemuva samehlo anezingane ezivundlile, izimvu zinekhono ngaphandle kokuguqula amakhanda azo ukuze zibone izinto ezizungezile ngemuva kwazo. Izazi zokuma kwezinyawo ziphakamisa ukuthi amehlo emvu angabona isithombe sombala. Lokhu, kanye nomqondo othuthukile wephunga nokuzwa, kusiza izimvu ukuthola ukudla noma ukucasha esitheni.
Inqama yowesifazane imvu. Ukwehluka kobulili phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane kuboniswa ngosayizi womzimba (izinqama zicishe zibe mibili izikhathi kunezimvu) nezimpondo (emadodeni izimpondo zithuthukiswe kangcono kakhulu kunabesifazane). Kodwa umbala wejazi loboya awuxhomekeki ezimfanelweni zobulili.Kubo bonke abantu ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo, umbala ucishe ufane. Umbala wemvu nemvu onsundu ngombala onsundu, omnyama, onsundu, omhlophe, ompunga okhanyayo, onsundu omnyama futhi omnyama. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezimvu, isisu nemilenze ephansi kukhanya, kucishe kube mhlophe. Kuwo wonke amalungu ohlobo langaphandle, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezifuywayo, kuyabonakala ukuqunjelwa kwezinkathi ezithileko.
Inqama yesobunxele, imvu yangakwesokudla
Inqama iyisilwane esihola indlela yokuphila yomhlambi. Amalungu alo mhlambi ayaxhumana esebenzisa i-bleating noma i-blower eyinqaba. Izwi lenqama liyaqhuma, ihlukile ngezwi. Imvamisa, amalungu emihlambi ahlukanisa omunye nomunye ngezwi.
Isilinganiso sokuphila kwenqama ezimweni zemvelo siyahlukahluka kusuka eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kuya kwengu-12, yize abanye abantu besinda kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15. Izimvu zihlala ekudingisweni iminyaka eyi-10-15, futhi ngokunakekelwa okuhle zingaphila iminyaka eyi-20.
I-Argali (steppe mouflon)
Ama-Arkhars ayenesizungu kumaTien Shan naseSouthern Altai. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani labo lehlile kakhulu ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, e-Altai banyamalala ngokuphelele.
Ama-Arkhars ahlala ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi aphila impilo yokuhlala. Uma isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa ungathola ukudla nezimvu akukho okukhathazayo, azizulazuli.
Kubalulekile! Lezi zinqama zinkulu kunazo zonke, isisindo somuntu omdala sifinyelela ku-200 kg, kuthi ukuphakama kuzo kubune ngu-1.25 m.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-Arigali yiminyaka eyi-10-12. Kwabesilisa, izimpondo zinamandla, zisontekile
Izimpondo zezinsikazi mncane futhi zimfushane kakhulu, cishe azigobeki. Umbala womzimba uvame ukuba nsundu onsundu ezinhlangothini nasemhlane, kanti isisu nentamo kumhlophe qhwa.
Kwabesilisa, izimpondo zinamandla, zisontekile. Izimpondo zezinsikazi mncane futhi zimfushane kakhulu, cishe azigobeki. Umbala womzimba uvame ukuba nsundu onsundu ezinhlangothini nasemhlane, kanti isisu nentamo kumhlophe qhwa.
I-Snowy (i-bighorn, chubuk)
Isidumbu senqama sincane, kepha sinemisipha, sinekhanda elincane lapho kutholakala khona izimpondo ezikhethekile ngokubukeka. Zimpawu zobesilisa nabesilisa lapho, zingafinyelela ku-110 cm ubude.
Imvu eboshiwe ibizwa nangokuthi "obhejane" noma "chubuk". Imilenze imfishane futhi inamandla. Isidumbu simbozwe izinwele ezimfishane, ezibavikela kwisithwathwa. Umbala wezilwane ikakhulukazi onsundu-onsundu, amabala amhlophe atholakala emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ekhanda.
Ubude bomzimba wesilisa buqala kusuka ku-1.40 kuya ku-1,88 m, ukuphakama lapho kubuna kukhona amasentimitha angama-76-112. Banesisindo kusuka ku-56 kuya ku-150 kg. Abesifazane bancanyana ngosayizi, ubude babo bomzimba buyi-126-99 cm, ukuphakama - amasentimitha angama-76-100. Isisindo somzimba - sisuka ku-33 kuye kuma-68 kg.
Bahlala emihlanjini emincane yabantu abaningana, ekwindla kwabo bahlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu, kepha bangadluli izinhloso ezingama-30.
UDalla (Thin)
IBaran Dalla itholakala eNyakatho Melika (entshonalanga neCanada nasezintabeni zase-Alaska). Le nhlobo ibonakala ngezinwele ezimhlophe qhwa, kwesinye isikhathi abantu abanezisila ezimnyama nezindawo ezimpunga ngemuva nasemaceleni bayatholakala. Abantu abadala banobude besiqu esingu-1,3-1,8 m.
Uthi bewazi? Lolu hlobo lwezimvu lwatholakala ngonyaka we-1877 nguWilliam Dall, udokotela wezilwane osuka e-USA, ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwakhe. Kamuva, le nhlobo yaqanjwa ngaye.
Abesilisa banesisindo esisuka ku-70 kuye ku-110 kg, izinsikazi - zifinyelela kuma-50 kg. Abesilisa banezimpondo ezishayayo, eziba zisonakala ngokuguga. Izimpondo zezinsikazi zincane kakhulu futhi zincane. Baphila iminyaka eyi-12.
Izinqama zikaDall zinenhlalo eningi, azinangqondo namaqembu angomakhelwane. Abesilisa nabesifazane bahlala emihlambini ehlukene futhi bahlangana ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Phakathi kwabesilisa, ubukhosi obuqinile buyabonakala, obunqunywa ngosayizi wezimpondo. Abesilisa bahlela imincintiswano phakathi kwabo, kodwa ngenxa yokulimala kwegebhe eliqinile akuvamile.
I-Urial (intaba yaseTurkmen)
Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezincane zezimvu zasendle, kuvamile eCentral Asia. Isisindo saso asidluli kuma-80 kg, kanti ukuphakama kwabuna kufinyelela kuma-75 cm. Umbala wejazi labo onsundu futhi ulula kancane ehlobo.
Kukhona ibala elimhlophe esiqwini, kanti abesilisa banezinwele ezimnyama entanyeni nasesifubeni.Izimpondo zabesilisa zikhulu, ngobude zingafinyelela imitha eyi-1, nge-convex yangaphandle engaphezulu kanye nemibimbi emincane eshintshashintshayo.
Bahlala emithambekeni yezintaba namathafa, lapho kunamadlelo avulekile, ngaphandle kwamagedle namawa. Njengezinye izinhlobo zezinsikazi, izinsikazi nezamaduna endawo zihlala emihlambini ehlukile futhi zihlangana isikhathi sokuzala. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha, ngenxa yalokho kuzalwa iwundlu elilodwa. Izimvu zasezintabeni zaseTurkmen ziphila iminyaka engaba ngu-12.
Izinhlobo ze-Ovis Amoni
Kusukela kudala isekeli inqama enezimpondo ezishisayo ibibhekwa njengesilwane esingcwele. I-constellation Aries iqanjwe ngaye. Igama lesiLatin lesilwane - u-Ovis Amoni - liqukethe igama likankulunkulu waseGibhithe u-Amon. Izimpondo ezigudlayo zenqama - isici esiyingqayizivele sezilwane. Zinde, ziwugqinsi ezansi, futhi zibukhali ekugcineni.
Izimvu zasendle azinaso isigaba esisodwa. Enye yazo ihlukanisa amaqembu alandelayo ezilwane:
- IMouflons: I-European and Asia.
- I-Arkhars: Kazakhstan, Altai Arali, Darwin ram, Kyzylkum, Tien Shan, Karatau. Lokhu kufaka nezimpama zikaPamir, North China nezaseTibetan.
- I-Urials: ILadakh, isiPunjabi, iBukhara Urials, i-Ustyurt, i-Turkmen izimvu.
- Inqama yeqhwa.
- U-Baran Dalla.
- Bighorn.
Lapho kuhlukaniswa izinhlobo zezilwane, osayizi bezilwane, izici zesakhiwo somzimba, umsila, uhlobo lwezimpondo, nobubanzi bemvelo kuyabhekwa. Ama-artiodactyls asendle ahluka ngombala, kepha cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo izisu nezindawo eziphansi zimhlophe. Izinsikazi zincane kunabesilisa, izimpondo zazo azithuthukisiwe.
Izilwane zihlala ziqapha ukuphepha kwazo
Kungama-Arigali ne-mouflon kuphela ezifuywa emapulazini azimele nasezizweni zezilwane, ezinye izinhlobo ziyafa zisekudingisweni. Ukulungiswa, amakhorali amakhulu anocingo oluphezulu noluthembekile ayadingeka. Ukuze kwandiswe inani lezinkomo, kuyakhiwa izindawo zokugcina. Izitha zemvelo yizimpisi, ama-lynxes, ama-wolverines.
Izintaba zezimvu zaseNtabeni
Ama-Arkhars ahlukile ngoba ahlala ngamaqembu abantu abacishe babe yi-100. Abesilisa nabesifazane bahlangana kuphela ngokuzalaniswa, kuyilapho isikhathi sonke, abesilisa benza iqembu elihlukile kumawundlu nabesifazane. Umncintiswano phakathi kwabesilisa awunagazi kakhulu. Izimpi zivame ukuhambisana nokushaywa kwezimpondo esifubeni nasemahlangeni. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga ezinhlanu, kuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-4 amawundlu azimele ngokuphelele. Isikhathi sokuphila komuntu ngamunye sivame ukusukela eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kweyi-10. Muva nje, zonke izimvu zezintaba ziqashelwe ngenxa yokudubula okungalawulwa.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Izimvu nezinqama zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zingahlanganiswa zibe yiqembu elilodwa ngokuya ngohlobo lwejazi loboya. Kukhona kuphela izimvu nezimvu ezintathu ngokwezimpawu zabo zoboya: ezinezinwele ezinde, uboya obuhle futhi obumbeke kahle. Ngemuva kwaloko, ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ezintathu zoboya ihlukaniswe izigaba ezilandelayo zokukhiqiza (ukukhiqizwa ngoboya, inyama noma ubisi):
- Wool
- inyama enoboya
- inyama noboya,
- inyama noboya obude,
- inyama ne-shorthair,
- inyama namafutha,
- amajazi wenyama noboya,
- smushnye,
- inyama-yoboya-ubisi.
Ungathola ulwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nemikhakha ehlukahlukene yalezi zilwane ezihlokweni zesigaba sethu. I-athikili ngayinye iqukethe izithombe namavidiyo azokuvumela ukuthi uthole umbono oningiliziwe wohlobo kanye nezimpawu zalo.
Izinwele ezinamabala
Lolu hlobo lwezimvu beluhlala luwumthombo ohlala njalo wezikhumba zezinyama nenyama. Izilwane zaphuza ubisi kahle, futhi zaya emafutheni nakuma-smushka (izikhumba zamawundlu). Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa iKarakul, i-Eldibaevskaya, i-Kuchugurovskaya, iTuvinskaya, i-Andean, iKarachaevskaya, iLezginskaya. Umhlobo owaziwayo wama-coarse yiRomanovskaya. Kungokwezinhlobo zezingubo zenyama yoboya. Izimvu zalolu hlobo zibiza cishe ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi ekhanda ngalinye.
Uboya obuhle
Kulolu hlobo lwezimvu, ubude bezindwangu zoboya bubalelwa ku-9 cm, futhi ubukhulu bawo bube ngama-microns angama-25. Kwisenti elilodwa le-fiber kukhona cishe ama-curls ayi-7. Izimvu eziningi zeMontch merino, njenge-Soviet merino, zingumthombo woboya bezinga eliphakeme kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadwala aseSalskaya, Stavropol, Altai, Askanian, Transbaikal, Caucasian, Krasnoyarsk kanye naseSouth Ural. Eminye futhi yaziwa ngeVolgograd, iVyatka, intaba yaseDagestan kanye ne-Prekos.
Half-fine
Ubude boboya bezimvu ezinomqhele ocolekileyo kwesinye isikhathi bufika ku-20 cm, kepha maqondana nokuqina nokuqina kwawo kuyahlukahluka kakhulu - kusuka kokuthambile futhi okukhanyayo kuya kobulukhuni obuphakathi. Ukuchazwa kwezinhlobo zezinwele ezinde, isibonelo, njengeKuibyshev, Russian, North Caucasian, Soviet, Gorky noma Gorno-Altai, uzothola engxenyeni yethu. Endaweni efanayo, ezintweni ezinezithombe, kuzokwazi ukufunda ngokugcinwa nokunakekelwa okufanele kwalezi zilwane.
Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala
Izintaba ze-Arigali zihlala, njengomthetho, ezintabeni nasezintabeni zaseCentral naseCentral Asia, ezikhuphuka zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,3-6.1 wamamitha ngaphezulu kolwandle. Isilwane esijulile esihlala amaHimalaya, ePamkhulu naseTibet, kanye nase-Altai naseMongolia. Muva nje, uhla lwalezi zilwane ze-artiodactyl lwalubanzi kakhulu, futhi kwatholakala izamba zezintaba ngamanani amakhulu engxenyeni eseningizimu yeNtshonalanga yeSiberia, kanye nasentshonalanga eseningizimu nentshonalanga yeYakutia.
Okwamanje, izindawo zokuhlala ze-Araliya zincike kakhulu ezimfanelweni zezingosi:
- ama-subspecies u-Ovis ammon ammon atholakala ezinhlelweni zezintaba zeGobi neMongolia Altai, kanye nasemaphethelweni ngamunye nasezihlangeni ezisendaweni ese-East Kazakhstan, Southeast Altai, Southwest Tuva neMongolia.
- i-subspecies Ovis ammonium itholakala eKazakh Highlands, enyakatho yeBalkhash, eKalba Altai, eTarbagatai, eMonrak naseSaur,
- ama-subspecies u-Ovis ammon hodgsonii atholakala eTibetan Plateau naseHimalayas, kufaka phakathi iNepal neNdiya,
- I-Ovis ammon karelini itholakala eKazakhstan, kanye naseKyrgyzstan nase China,
- I-Ovis ammon rolii ehlala endaweni yaseTajikistan naseKyrgyzstan, eChina kanye nase-Afghanistan,
- izikhungo ezingaphansi kwe-Ovis ammon jubata ezihlala phezulu kweTibetan Highlands,
- ama-subspecies u-Ovis ammon cevertzóvi ahlala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezintaba eziseKazakhstan, kanye nezindawo ezithile ezisensimini ye-Uzbekistan.
Izimvu zasezintabeni zithanda indawo ezivulekile kahle, ezivumela ukuba zizulazule emithambekeni yezintaba kanye nezindawo ezinamadwala e-piedmont, kanye nezindawo ezinotshani obuluhlaza, obumiswe kahle ngezihlahla ezinamaqabunga. Isilwane esinezimbotshana ezinamahlwili, esingaxutshwe nalutho sitholakala emigodini enamadwala nasezigodini ezinezindawo eziphakeme ngamatshe. Ama-Arkhars azama ukugwema izindawo eziphawulwa ngamathanga aminyene wezimila ezinamahlahla. Isici esihlukile sawo wonke ama-subspecies ukufuduka ngokuthe mpo ngesizini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ehlobo, i-Arigali inyukela ezindaweni ezihlala ezintabeni, ezigcwele utshani obusha, kanti ezilwaneni zasebusika, kunalokho, zingena emkhakheni wamadlelo amancane anamaqhwa.
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimvu ezizuzisa kakhulu ukuzalanisa ezweni lethu
Ngokucabanga ngakho konke okuhle nokubi kwezinhlobo zezimvu ezibalwe ngenhla, abelusi bezimvu abaningi ngokuzithandela baphakamisa umbuzo: "Ngabe kukhona ukuzalaniswa kwalezi zilwane emhlabeni jikelele?"
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimvu ezifuywe engxenyeni yezwe lethu, indawo ekhethekile kuhlala izimvu zezinhlobo zohlobo lweRomanov.
Lokhu kuzalaniswa kuqukethe zonke izinzuzo zabanye abamele besizwe sezimvu.
Inqama yeRomanovskaya inesisindo esihle (cishe amakhilogremu ayikhulu), kanti izisakazana azibonakali kuphela ngokuqina okuhle, kepha futhi nekhono lokukhulelwa kaninginingi. Kwinzalo eyodwa, inzalo yensikazi yaseRomanov ingaletha amawundlu amathathu kuya kwayisihlanu, futhi inzalo evela kumfazi owodwa ingafinyelela kwababili ngonyaka.
Izimvu zaseRomanovsk
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhwalithi yoboya bezimvu zaseRomanovsk ayiphambani ngandlela thile nabaphakeli abadumile boboya abanjengo Merino, abasekuqaleni kule ndawo yokwenziwa kwemfuyo.
Akunakushiwo ukuthi uhlobo lokuzalwa kabusha kweRomanov luyimpumelelo yasekhaya kuphela.Wazalelwa esifundeni saseYaroslavl, ngakho-ke izimvu ezizaliswayo ngqo ezivela kubadali bohlobo ziyatholakala ngokuphelele ukuthi zingathengwa. Lokhu kuzalanisa kufanelekile kubalimi abaqalayo futhi kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthuthukise ngokushesha ibhizinisi lakho lokwalusa izimvu kusukela ekuqaleni.
Izilwane ezifuywayo zaseRomanov zilungele cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla, azinazo izifo futhi ziyakwazi ukuzala kabusha, okubenza babe yisinqumo esifanele ngesilinganiso sezindleko zokugcina nemali engenayo.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngezinqama
- Umfundi wenqama unesimo esingunxande. Isakhiwo esifanayo sezitho zombono sibonwa kuma-octopus kanye nama-mongooses.
- AmaGrikhi asendulo agqugquzela isithombe senqama, esiqamba ngokuthi elinye lamaqoqo ezinkanyezi i-zodiac (Aries).
- Ezikhathini zasendulo, ingxenye esebenza ngezinqama eyakhelwe ukucekela phansi izindonga zenqaba yayenziwa ngendlela yenhloko yenqama. Kwakuvela kulokhu ukuthi kufike izwi elidumile ngenqama nangesango elisha.
- Ubude bamathumbu ezinqama budlula ubude bomzimba izikhathi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.
- Eminye imihlambi yezimvu ezifuywayo inamabhangqa ama-2 wezimpondo, angatholakali ezinhlotsheni zasendle.
Uyayithanda i-athikili? Yabelana nabangane bakho:
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Morphological
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-morphological kuhlukanisa izimvu ngamaqembu amahlanu: umsila ononile, omfishane, omude, omude omude, omfushane. Ama-ta-Short and ta-short anomsila omfishane (kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-22 vertebrae) futhi, ngokulandelana, amadiphozithi amakhulu wamafutha noma ukungabikho kwawo ngokuphelele emabhulokini nasemsileni.
Imisila emide nemisila emide inemisila emide, kepha ama-degree ahlukanisiwe ongqimba lwamafutha esifundeni somsila nasezindaweni zangemva. Cishe wonke amatshe anomsila omuhle futhi onomqhele omuhle agqalwa njengamaphara eside. Emsileni-umsila, umsila omfushane oqukethe ubuningi bama-vertebrae ayisishiyagalombili namafutha agcinwe ezimpandeni zomsila kanye namabhuthi. Izimvu zomsila onamafutha zithandwa emazweni aseTajikistan, e-Uzbekistan nase-Asia.
Incazelo yezinhlobo
I-Arkhars ziyizinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zezimvu ezisezintabeni ezingezomndeni wama-bovid, obizwa nangokuthi yi-Arigali. isisindo - ≈ 180 kg, ubude - ≈ 2 m .. Noma ezinye izinhlobo zezimvu zincane kakhulu. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-Arigali umbala nosayizi wezimpondo. Ibanga lemibala yezimvu lisuka esihlabathini esikhanyayo liya ku-brownish-grey, linomzimba ophansi ophansi Isici esiyingqayizivele sokuhlukanisa uphawu olukhanyayo entanyeni. Izimpondo zezilwane zalolu hlobo zinde, cishe amamitha amabili ukuphakama. Lezi ziphumo eziqinile zisekhokweni yenqama ebunjiwe kamoya engxenyeni yesisindo sesilwane ehlala ≈ 15% futhi ibalulekile emiphakathini yabazingeli.
I-Argar
Kunezinhlobo eziyi-9 zezimvu zasezintabeni zalolu hlobo lokuzalela:
- I-Altai,
- Kazakhstan,
- IsiTibetan
- I-Tien Shan
- Pamir,
- UGobi
- Karatau,
- ENyakatho China
- I-Kyzylkum.
Ama-Mouflons - ahlukaniswe ngama-subspecies ase-Europe nase-Asia. Ummeleli waseYurophu walezi zindawo ezitholakala ngaphansi kwezimvu zitholakala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo zaseCyprus, eCorsica naseSardinia. Lezi yizilwane ezinsundu ezinaphansi okumhlophe. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane, isisindo sazo siyahlukahluka phakathi kuka-40-50 kg, futhi ubude baso buyi-1.25 m. Izimpondo ezinesigaba esingunxantathu zifinyelela kubukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-65. UMouflon odabuka e-Asia mkhulu kunesihlobo saseYurophu. Isisindo sayo singama-≈ 80 kg futhi ubude baso si-≈ 1.5 m. Izimpondo zikhulu ngesiphambano sesiphambano. Izinqama zabesifazane zincane, zivame ukungabi naluphondo.
Ngezinye izikhathi i-Urialov ibizwa ngokuthi i-mouflon yase-Asia. Kodwa-ke, inani elihlukile lama-chromosomes libahlukanisa. Izinhlobo eziningana zezilwane zalolu hlobo lokuzalwa zibaliwe. Ama-Urials anombala onsundu ngesifuba esimnyama nentamo ephansi. Amadoda amakhulu akhula afinyelela ku-1.45 m ubude futhi cishe amamitha ukuphakama. Isisindo sifinyelela ku-85 kg. Lezi yizilwane ezithambile, ezinomhluzi nezinezinyawo ezinde. Ubungako bezimpondo buyi-≈ 1 m ubude nobubanzi ezansi base 30 cm.
Ukuzalanisa uboya bezimvu
Kungcono ukukhetha abamele izinhlobo zoboya ngaphambi kokugunda izinwele, ngoba lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uhlole ikhwalithi yejazi kanye nokwanda kokugcwala kwesilwane.Kufanele zibe nomzimba oqinile, imilenze ebushelelezi kanye nembele eyakhiwe kahle.
Ngokuya ngezigaba zokukhiqiza, ezinye izici ezihlukanisayo zingahlukaniswa, ngokuya ngokuthi ukukhethwa kwesilwane kwesinye noma kwesinye kwenziwa.
- Uboya obuhle buphawulwa yikhwalithi ephezulu yoboya obumsulwa. Imisipha yabo kanye namafutha omzimba akuthuthukanga kahle, futhi ungahlola ubulungu babo bohlobo lwezinwele ezithambile, ezimhlophe nezinwele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zinokugoqwa kwesikhumba okuphezulu, noboya obuhle, okwenzelwe ukuthola hhayi uboya kuphela kodwa nenyama, bunokugoqwa kwesikhumba okuphansi, noma akukho ngokuphelele.
- Ama-Semi-fine-wools anejazi elifanayo, angahluka ngokuqhuma, i-luster noma ubude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo zohlobo zihlukaniswe nge-chandelier ne-semi-luster (ngokuya ngezinga le-gloss yejazi).
- Izinwele ezinamabala ahlukene futhi ziyahlukahluka ngohlobo lokulingwa. Isibonelo, umuntu angahlukanisa uhlobo olomile ngoboya besimilo, kanti oluthwala inyama lihlukaniswa ngumzimba onamandla nezitho. Imvamisa makhulu impela futhi abe nebhantshi elinolaka nenani elikhulu lomgogodla.
Ngaphandle kokuthi izimvu zivumelanisa kahle nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene zokuboshwa, lapho kukhethwa abantu abathile abalima bona, ezinye izincomo kufanele ziqondiswe. Ikakhulu, izinhlobo zohlobo ngalunye zinezimo zalo ezinhle zokuzigcina zikhiqiza ngangokunokwenzeka. Kusuka kuvidiyo uzofunda ukuthi ungazigcina kanjani izilwane ngendlela efanelekile ebusika.
Isiphetho
Izimvu zasezintabeni nazo ziyaqothulwa ngoba abaningi bafuna ukuzama inyama yazo. Kepha imvamisa kakhulu yizimpondo ezithengiswa ngemali eningi. Udinga ukuqonda ukuthi nsuku zonke inani lobhejane liyawa. Ekugcineni, lokhu kungaholela ekuqothulweni okuphelele kwezinhlobo.
Isibonelo, ama-mouflons ayigugu kwezolimo. Banika inyama ebabazekayo futhi abathobeki ekudleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesikhumba siyabhekwa, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa kuma-mouflons aseYurophu. Ngokuvamile zibaluleke kakhulu embonini. Elinye iqiniso elijabulisayo ukuthi i-mouflon inqamula kalula nezimvu ezifuywayo, ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yazo. Ukwenza isibonelo, i-merino yasezintabeni, ekhuliswa isazi u-Ivanov, ingadla emadlelo asezintabeni unyaka wonke. Namuhla, kunezelwa izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha zalezi zilwane. Lokhu, mhlawumbe, yikho konke okungashiwo ngezimvu ezisezintabeni nangezici zazo.
Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila yemvu yasentabeni
Izinqama zasendle zivame ukungazishiyi izindawo zazo ezingahlalwa kuzo, kepha ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka zenza ukunyakaza okuncane kwenkathi ethile, zikhuphuka ehlobo ziye ezinqabeni zezintaba eziwileyo futhi zikhubeke zibe imihlambi yezikhulu eziyishumi nambili.
Futhi ebusika, behlela ezansi kwezintaba, bakha amaqembu amakhulu afinyelela kumakhanda ayi-1000. Abesilisa nabesifazane abanezizukulwane zabo bavame ukuhlala bodwa futhi bakhe imihlambi eyodwa. Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi abesilisa abakhulu, abaqinile nabazethembayo bahlala bodwa.
Uma kukhulunywa, lezi zilwane azikhombisi ulaka ngakunye. Ukuxwayisa izihlobo ngengozi, imvu esezintabeni nenobuhlakani iyakwazi ukunika izibonakaliso ezizwakalayo. Ukushaywa kwezilwane kungcolile futhi kuphansi ithoni.
Lapho zibhekene nesitha, lezi zidalwa zasezintabeni ziyakwazi ukukhombisa ingqondo esebenzayo, zithole indlela yokuphuma nesikhathi sokubalekela engozini. Emaphethelweni emaweni ahamba kahle, kepha ayakwazi ukugxuma ngokuphelele ukusuka edwaleni kuya edwaleni. Izimvu zaseNtabeni ikwazi ukuthatha ukuphakama okudlula ukuphakama kwayo, futhi ngobude bagxuma ngamamitha ayi-3-5.
Okusongela lezi zilwane zasezintabeni kungaba yizinyoni ezidla inyama: amakhozi egolide nezinkozi, kanye nezilwane ezinkulu: ama-cougars, izingwe zeqhwa nezimpisi, futhi kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba ama-coyotes, izingulule nezingwe.
Akulula kangako ukunqoba imvu esezintabeni, izinyamazane eziningi kangaka zizama nje ukungqongqoza izilwane ezinyaweni zazo, zizenze ukuba zingene kwalasha, bese zithola abalimele noma befile zidle.
Kusukela lapho kukhunjulwa isikhathi eside, imvu yasentabeni nayo ibibe yingozi kwezilwane ezizingela ama-anemone olwandle ngamafutha nenyama, yenza iziqu eziyisikhumbuzo ezinhle nezimpendulo ezivela ezimpondweni nasemakhanda ayo amahle.
Ngenxa yezenzo ezinje, kanye nokushiswa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezimvu nokusakazeka kokufuya izinkomo, inani lezimvu ezisezintabeni livame ukulimala kakhulu.
Inani lezimvu ezisezintabeni nempucuko yabantu bekulokhu kubhekwana nazo kusukela kudala. Lezi zilwane, ezisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke, zazivame ukuba ngamaqhawe ezinkolelo zakudala.
Futhi izimpondo zamawundlu abantu base-Asia zithathwa njengezinto zakudala zomlingo. Izilwane ezifuywe kahle zinezimpande futhi zizale ngaphandle kwezinkinga, futhi zinqamule nezimvu, ngenxa yalokho kuvela nzalo.
Inombolo
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, inani lezimvu ezisezintabeni zase-Altai lafinyelela kubantu abangama-600. Kamuva nje, isibalo sabo sehle kakhulu - safinyelela kuma-245. Ngezindlela zokuzivikela kanye nokufakwa kabusha kwabantu abadala ezindaweni ezivikelwe, inani labo lenyuke laya kubantu abangama-320 kufaka phakathi abamele abancane nabadala kulokhu kuzala.
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Bazame ukuzalanisa ezimweni zokufakelwa - ku-zoos eJalimane naseMelika, kodwa, ngeshwa, imizamo ayiphumelelanga. Ezimweni eziningi, izilwane zafa kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa. Ukuphila isikhathi eside kwakuyizimvu zasezintabeni kuphela, ezathathwa e-Biological Institute of Russia - waphila iminyaka eyisithupha. Ngokusobala, lokhu kuzalaniswa kufanele kugcinwe kuphela ezimweni zemvelo kubo noma, okungenani, kufane kakhulu.
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Ilondoloze izinhlobo, kanye nemizamo engathi sína yokwandisa inani labantu ababandakanyeka kwi-Zoo yaseNovosibirsk. Lesi sikhungo sodwa emhlabeni lapho noma ubani angabona khona izimvu zezintaba ze-Altai. Elinye iqiniso elijabulisayo ukuthi izimvu eziqukethwe lapha zinikeza izingane ngokuphepha.
Abaphenyi beZoo basungule uhlelo lokutshala nokukhipha amawundlu. Njengengxenye yalomsebenzi, ngoSepthemba 2018, abesilisa abane badedelwa endaweni yemvelo, eyabelwa ngokwahlukana endizeni ekhethekile. Umcimbi uphumelele, izilwane zangena ehlathini. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, kufanele bahlangane nomhlambi omkhulu wezimvu zasendle ezisezindaweni zokukhululwa, babe yingxenye yazo.