Kutholakala emanzini asolwandle, awakashisi namanzi acwebile. Ihlala eYenisei Gulf, umphimbo weYenisei, iPyasin, iBoganida, iKhantayka imifudlana, izingxenye eziphansi zoMfula iKhatanga, kanye nasezichibini zamachibi iKeta, Labaz, Lama. Echibini laseKeta kukhona okubhaliselwe - ukuhamba kukaKravchuk I-Triglopsis quadricornis krawtschukii UMikhalev, 1962 (Bogutskaya, Naseka, 2004, Okunhlobonhlobo kwezinhlanzi zeTaimyr, 1999).
Umbala womzimba uluhlaza grey nge-tint brownish. Amaphiko we-ventral atholakala umphimbo. Amaphini anemivimbo emnyama noma ibala elimnyama. Ulwelwesi lwe-gill aluqoqiwe esikhaleni sangaphakathi futhi lwakha isibaya samahhala. Ku-preoperculum 4 spines kuvezwa. Esilingweni sikaKravchuk, isiqu sesine sifushane. Ubude bomzimba ezintweni ezihamba echibini lofika ku-28 cm, ezinhlanzini zasolwandle - bufika ku-40 cm. Isisekelo sokudla okunempilo izinhlanzi nezinhlanzi ze-zoobenthos. Ukuhluma kwenzeka ngo-December-Januwari; izibungu ziyavela ngoMeyi. Hhayi uhlobo lokuthengisa.

UMBONO WEZIMANGALISO

Inkunzi eshaya ngemikhonto ihola indlela ephansi. Zombili izingane ezincane kanye nabantu abadala bakubekezelela ngokukhululekile ukuguquguquka okubanzi kosawoti futhi zitholakala zombili emanzini anosawoti nawamanzi amasha. Uboshwe emaphethelweni ogwini. Izinhlanzi ze-Goby-slingshot zamanzi abandayo asenyakatho (izinhlobo ze-arctic).

Kwenzeka ekwindla noma ebusika sekwephuzile, ngoZibandlela - kuJanuwari eLwandle iBaltic, ngoJanuwari - ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari eLake Ladoga.

Izibungu ezisanda kubhajwa ze-Baltic zisene-9-11,5 mm ubude, imisebe esezinhlafunweni iyahlukanisa lapho izibungu zifinyelela ku-14-15 mm. Izinsuku ezi-Fry zobude obungu-19-27 mm ngaphakathi kweGulf of Ob zigcinwa emilanjeni yomfula nasendaweni yomfula, ikakhulukazi emhlabathini osilika.

Inkunzi ye-slingshot ifinyelela ku-25-30, ngokungafani nama-37 cm ubude (i-abs.) (Ifomu le-Alaskan - kufika ku-60 cm, ifomu le-Onega - ukuya ku-12,7 cm) nesisindo ngaphezu kwama-255 g. 20.5-21.5 cm no-84.9-114.3 g (abesilisa nabesifazane).

Izinhlobo zezichibi zekhonkolo ziqala ukukhula ngokocansi ngemuva kokufika kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-9,5,6 (Lake Osunden).

Amabhubhana okugwedla adla izilwane ezingezansi. EGulf of Ob, kuM. Quadricornis labradoricus kutholakale emaphesheni angama-90% e-cockroach yasolwandle, iMesidothea, kuma-8% amacala e-Amphipoda, futhi kanye kanye kwaba luhlobo lwayo. Isigaxa seLadoga, uM. Quadricornis lonnbergi, ukhetha ukuhlala ekujuleni futhi ondle ikakhulukazi kuma-crustaceans (Pallasea quadrispinosa, Mysis relicta, Gammaracanthus loricatus).

IZINHLOBO ZEHORSE

Inani lenkunzi egwedayo liselincane kakhulu, libamba oLwandle oluMhlophe naseBohemian Bay ngo-1930 ukuya ku-1941. ifinyelele ku-120-180 c. Ithole elinezimpondo litholakala ngamanani amakhulu eGulf of Ob futhi, ngokungangabazeki, kungaba yinto yokudoba ekhethekile. Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwenkunzi ye-slingshot kuyadingeka futhi ukwenziwa akuyona nje okusha noma eqandisiwe, kepha futhi ngendlela yokudla okusemathinini.

Amasu kanye nenkambo yokudoba

Indlela yokudoba ngenkunzi yokushaya ngembumbulu ayikakenziwa, futhi akukho ndlela ekhethekile noma ekhethekile esetshenzisiwe ehlongozwayo. Inkunzi eshaywayo ibanjwa njengokubanjiswa nezinye izinhlanzi, ezivame ukubanjwa yinduku yokudoba.

I-bullhorn itholakala isha. Ngesikhathi sokupheka, isikhumba siyasuswa bese ikhanda linqunywa. Isibindi senkunzi eshaye kahle kuhle.

Ubani?

Indwayimane (I-Triglopsis girard) - inhlanzi yomndeni we-slingshot (kerchakov). Ama-Slingshots nawo abizwa gobies ezinezimpondo ezine noma i-kerchak enezimpondo ezine. Kuliqiniso, umndeni weKerchakov ungowezinhlanzi zasolwandle, ngoba emvelweni akukho kuphela izixibongo zasolwandle, kepha futhi namanzi amasha ama-bullheads.

Amapharamitha:

In Slingshot fish umzimba onqunu , ngokuyisisekelo ngaphandle kwesikali. Izicubu zamakhemikhali zakha isibaya. Umzimba uphansi, futhi ngaphambili kwenhlanzi kuthambile. Kufinyelela ubude25 cm kanyeizindunakufika kuma-gramu angama-320. Ubude obukhulu bezindlela zasolwandle bungamasentimitha angama-40, isisindo singama-500 g, amafomu echibi akhuphuka aze afike ku-20-28 cm. -bunjiwe Ikhanda likhulu ngamabili amabhubhu ebunjiwe. Izimpilo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-11.

Umsoco:

Umsoco siqukethe kusuka ezilwaneni eziphansi, ikakhulukazi ama-amphipods nama-mysids.

1. Ehlobo, ama-slingshots adla kakhulu ezinhlanzini; olwandle, adla ngokufaka i-herring, ayincibilikayo, ayithambise, i-saffron cod, i-whitefish ne-stickleback.
2. Ebusika, iningi lokudla lakhiwa ama-crustaceans, izibungu, ama-mollusks, kanye no-crabs. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo ze-algae nezasemanzini nazo ziyasetshenziswa.

1. Izibungu ze-Slingshot zama-chironomids, ama-mollusks nezinhlanzi ezincane, ikakhulukazi ama-whitefish, asetshenziswa emifuleni nasemachibini amachibi. Futhi i-caviar yabo iyisibiliboco.

Ukusakaza:

Ama-Slingshots avela kakhulu kule nkathi Disemba - Januwari lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifinyelela ku-1 degree. I-Spawning idlula ngaphansi kweqhwa, ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-1-1,5.

Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ematsheni. I-caviar inombala omnqumo omnyama, Ngakho-ke, kufihlwe kahle phakathi kwe-algae.

Ukuzala kwabesifazane kungahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngeminyaka nangosayizi. Ukuzala okujwayelekile kwezinsikazi kungamaqanda angama-3000-7700. Ukuzala kuzintokazi ezinkulu, ezinobude bomzimba wamasentimitha angama-38- 40, Amaqanda ayi-16600.

Iqanda elilodwa ubukhulu linamamilimitha ayi-2. Izibungu zivele ngoMeyi, kuthi ngo-Agasti zifinyelele kumamilimitha angama-22.

Ukubonakala kwesigaxa

Ama-slingshots anomzimba onqunu, ongenasikali. Izicubu zamakhemikhali zakha isibaya. Umzimba uphansi ngesimo, futhi ingxenye yawo yangaphambili ithambile kancane.

Ikhanda alilikhulu, lenza ama-30% wobude bomzimba wonke. Ekhanda kukhona izikhala ezi-4 ezikhule kahle. Ama-slingshots asolwandle anama-tubipital e-occipital kanye ne-postorbital emakhanda abo, kuyilapho izinto ezihamba emanzini amasha zingazange zibonakale ukuthi zinjani, noma azikho nhlobo. Ibunzi likhulu futhi libanzi.

Umzimba wamathole ezinezimpondo ezine ompunga omnyama. Kungahle kube nezindawo ezinobungozi emhlane. Ingxenye yesisu ihlala ikhanya. Emabeleni kukhona imivimbo ephepered noma amabala amnyama. Elesibili dorsal fin liyabonakala ukuthi liyadlula, alipheli kude kakhulu ne-anal fa.

Usayizi wesigaxa.

Uhlelo lwemizwa lwakhiwa yimithombo emithanjeni yekhanda, embozwe ulwelwesi lwesikhumba ngaphezulu. Iziteshi ezincane zesikhumba ezinama-microscopic pores zishiya imisele yokuzwa. Kwamanye ama-tubules, akukho pore. Kunesikhathi esisodwa ku-chin. Isiteshi se-trunk asisi-hollow, siqukethe ama-28-48 pores. I-Vertebrae isuka ku-37 iye ku-42, ama-appendages e-pyloric 6-10, nama-gill stamens cishe ayi-10.

Lolu hlobo alifundiswanga kahle, ukwakheka kwalo kuyinkimbinkimbi impela. Ngokuyinhloko, izinhlobo zezilwane zithathwa njengezinkimbinkimbi, futhi okutholakalayo okukhonjwe ngaphambilini akuvumelekile kuze kube kwenziwa eminye imininingwane yocwaningo eningiliziwe.

Ukusakazeka kokuhamba kwezinyawo ezine

Kuneziqhingi zasolwandle ezisogwini ezingangena emanzini anosawoti omncane noma amasha. Kepha ngaphezu kwalokho kunezinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile atholakala kumachibi amakhulu eSweden, eNorway, eNyakatho Melika, eFinland naseRussia. Ezweni lethu, amafomu anjalo atholakala eKarelia, echibini lase-Oster, Segozero naseKuito. Bahlala futhi echibini lase-Onega naseLadoga. Zijwayele futhi echibini leTaimyr Peninsula, ngokwesibonelo, iKeta, i-Andermey, iLama kanye neLabaz. AmaSlingshots nawo ahlala oLwandle oluMhlophe nolweBaltic. Lezi zinhlanzi zitholakala emfuleni iNarova naseNeva, kanye nasemifuleni egeleza oLwandle i-Arctic. Ngaseningizimu yeBering Strait, ama-gobies afinyelela kuphela kwi-Anadyr Estuary.

Indlela yokuphila yesigaxa

Lezi zinhlanzi zihlala ezigangeni ezisogwini lolwandle olusenyakatho, ngaphezu kwalokho, ziya emabeleni nasemifuleni. Izindawo ezithandekayo ze-slingshots zombili zasolwandle futhi zingakashisi, kanye namanzi amasha. Phakathi kwabamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo kukhona namafomu echibi ngokuphelele.

Ehlobo, gobies ezine ezinezimpondo zidla ikakhulu inhlanzi; olwandle zidla inyama ye-herring, i-smelt, i-flounder, i-saffron cod, i-whitefish ne-stickleback. Ebusika, iningi lokudla lakhiwa izidalwa ze-benthic: ama-crustaceans, izibungu, ama-mollusks kanye nemifantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo ze-algae nezasemanzini ziyasetshenziswa. Emifuleni nasemachibini, ama-slingshots adla izibungu zama-chironomids, ama-mollusks, nezinhlanzi ezincane, ikakhulukazi i-whitefish. Futhi i-caviar yabo iyisibiliboco.

AmaSlingshots ahlala emvelweni kuze kube iminyaka eyi-11.

Ama-slingshots e-Ice-sea akhula ngezindlela ezihlukile, konke kuya ngezimo zokuphila. Isibonelo, izinhlobo zasolwandle zikhula ngokushesha kunamanzi amasha. Amagciwane avela kuLwandle Olumhlophe eneminyaka engu-1 ubudala afinyelela kumamilimitha angama-68, eminyakeni emi-2 - ngamamilimitha ayi-165, eminyakeni emi-3 - ama-millimeter ayi-179 njalonjalo. Njengomthetho, ubude bomzimba obujwayelekile beminyaka engama-5-6 busukela kuma-20-22 amasentimitha, futhi eminyakeni eyi-8 - cishe amasentimitha angama-26. Abantu abafinyelele kubude obungamasentimitha angama-22-24, njengomthetho, amagremu angu-150-200.

Abesifazane bavuthwa ngeminyaka engu-3-4, futhi ekukhulelweni kwabantu besilisa kwenzeka unyaka ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, isilinganiso sobulili sicishe sibe ngu-1 kuya ku-1. Slingshots iqhuma kakhulu ngoDisemba-Janawari, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lishintsha lizungeze-1 degree. I-Spawning idlula ngaphansi kweqhwa, ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-1-1,5.

Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ematsheni. ICaviar inombala omnqumo omnyama, ngakho-ke isifihlwa kahle phakathi kolwelwe. Ukuzala kwabesifazane kungahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngeminyaka nangosayizi. I-fecundity evamile yabesifazane, amasentimitha angama-20-22 ngosayizi, cishe amaqanda angama-3000, kanti izinsikazi, amasentimitha angama-26- 28 ubude, ziyakwazi ukuletha amaqanda angaba ngu-7700. Ukuzala kuzintokazi ezinkulu, ezinobude bomzimba wamasentimitha angama-38- 40, amaqanda ayi-16,600. Iqanda elilodwa ubukhulu linamamilimitha ayi-2. Izibungu zivele ngoMeyi, kuthi ngo-Agasti zifinyelele kumamilimitha angama-22.

Isimo salezi zinhlobo

Akukho ngisho nolwandle noma amanzi amhlophe okusahamba nje okunezimpawu ezine zokudoba. Kakhulu asetshenziswa njengokudla okuphelele kwezinhlanzi ezentengiso. KuLwandle Olumhlophe, ukudotshwa kwe-slingshot kubiza cishe u-0.5-1% wokubanjwa okuphelele.

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