I-goshawk emnyama esike yahlanganiswa inesayizi womzimba enamasentimitha angama-43. Izimpiko zisuka ku-65 ziye ku-80 cm. Isisindo singama-235 - 256 amagremu.
IGoshawk emnyama-eqondile (i-Accipiter melanochlamys)
Lolu hlobo lwenyoni yezinyamazane lunqunywa masinyane ngamapayipi alo abomvu-omnyama kanye nesilo salo esimilo. I-goshawk emnyama enomngcele ihlukaniswa ngamaphiko aphakathi nendawo, umsila omfishane futhi imilenze emide futhi emincane impela. Umbala wezinsiba ekhanda nomzimba ongaphezulu uhlukahluka kusuka kumnyama ngombala wokucwazimula umbala kufinyelele kwisiga esimnyama. Intamo izungezwe yikhola ebomvu ebanzi. Izimpaphe ezibomvu zimboza yonke le ngxenye engezansi, ngaphandle kwesisu, kwesinye isikhathi esigaxekile ngemithende emhlophe emincane. Ngombala womphimbo omnyama, imifudlana emhlophe ivame ukubonakala. I-iris yamehlo, i-waxen kanye nemilenze i-orange-orange.
Owesifazane nowesilisa banezimpawu zangaphandle ezifanayo.
Ama-goshawks amasha amnyama anombala ambozwe izimpaphe ngokuvamile zesikhwanyana esimnyama noma esimnyama ngombala omncane. Imivimbo emnyama ye-wavy igijima esifubeni nasemsileni. Ngemuva kwentamo nengxenye engenhla yengubo yenethiwekhi imhlophe. Collar enezinhlamvu ezimhlophe. Umzimba wonke ongezansi unamapulangwe kirimu okhilimu noma omnyama opinki. Izinkalo zimnyama kancane ngemithende ebonakala nsundu. Ingxenye engezansi yomgwaqo eseceleni ihlotshiswe ngephethini ye-herringbone. I-iris iphuzi. Umbala ofanayo ungama-waxen nama-paws.
Kunezinhlobo ezi-5 zezinambuzane eziyiqiniso zohlobo oluthile, ezihlukile ngombala wamapulangwe ahlala eNew Guinea, kepha akukho noyedwa kuwo ofana ne-goshawk emiphetho emnyama.
Imikhondo emnyama - goshawk emnyama
I-goshawk emnyama - ehlanganisiwe ehlala ezindaweni ezisehlathini ezintabeni. Ayilokothi yehle ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1100. Indawo yokuhlala yayo isendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1800, kepha inyoni edla inyama ayikhuphuki ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-3300 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Ama-goshawks amnyama - asemaceleni ayizinhlobo zezinyoni ezingandile.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Goshawk emnyama
I-goshawk emnyama esika nhlangothi zombili yande esiqhingini saseNew Guinea. Kulesi siqhingi, kutholakala cishe esifundeni sezintaba esisenkabeni, ogwini lweGeelvink Bay kuya kuketango le-Owen Stanley enqamula e-Yuon peninsula. Izakhamuzi ezingazodwa zihlala eNhlonhlo yeVogelkop. Ukubhaliswa okungu-2 kuqashelwa ngokusemthethweni: A. m. melanochlamys - atholakala entshonalanga yesiqhingi saseVogelkop. A. m. I-schistacinus - ihlala enkabeni nasempumalanga yesiqhingi.
Ubuntu bokuziphatha kwe-goshawk emnyama - esikiwe
Ama-goshaws amnyama-angena atholakala acula noma ngababili.
Njengoba wazi, lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama azihleleli izindiza zokubukisa, kodwa ziyandiza, ngokuvamile endaweni ephakeme ngaphezu kwesihlahla sehlathi. Ama-goshawks amnyama anezinhlaka azingelwa ikakhulu ngaphakathi kwehlathi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi athola inyamazane yawo endaweni evulekile kakhudlwana. Izinyoni zinendawo eyodwa eziyithandayo lapho zilinda khona, kepha izinyamazane ezihlala njalo zijaha inyamazane ezindizeni. Beqhutshwa ukuxoshwa, bavame ukushiya ihlathi. Ama-goshawks anemiphetho emnyama ayakwazi ukukhipha izinyoni ezincane emanetheni okuzingela. Endizeni, izinyoni ngesikhathi sokuhamba zishintsha amaphiko ngokushintshana. I-angle yokuphapha kwephiko ayinqunywa ochwepheshe.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-goshawk emnyama - emile
Ama-goshawks amnyama anombala omnyama ekupheleni konyaka. Abesilisa bavame ukungakwazi ukubhanqa kuze kube ngu-Okthoba. Izinyoni zidla esihlahleni esikhulu, njengephaphu, endaweni ephakeme ngokwanele ngaphezu komhlaba. Ubungako bamaqanda, isikhathi sokufukelwa nokuhlala esidlekeni samachwane, isikhathi sokunakekelwa kwabazali ngenzalo asikaziwa. Uma siqhathanisa izici zokuzala zohlobo lwe-goshawk ezimnyama nezinye izinhlobo zamaphisi wohlobo oluhlala eNew Guinea, lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama zibekela amaqanda ama-3. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamachwane kuthatha izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu. Ngokusobala, ukuzalanisa kwenzeka futhi kwi-goshawk emnyama - ehlanganisiwe.
Ama-goshawks amnyama anombala omnyama ekupheleni konyaka.
Okuphakelayo okwenziwe ngemigqa emnyama
Ama-goshawks anemibala emnyama, njengezinyoni eziningi ezidla inyama, adla izinyoni ezincane nezincane. Babamba ikakhulukazi amalungu omndeni wamajuba. Bancamela ukubamba ijuba lasezintabeni laseNew Guinean, nalo elihanjiswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezisezintabeni. Ama-goshawks anombala omnyama nawo adla izinambuzane, ama-amphibians, nezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ikakhulukazi ama-marsupials.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwe-goshawk emnyama ehleliwe
Ama-goshawks amnyama - asongekile ayizinhlobo zezinyoni ezingandile, ukusatshalaliswa kwawo okungakaziwa.
Ngokusho kuka-1972, cishe abantu abangamashumi amathathu bahlala kuyo yonke le ndawo. Mhlawumbe le datha ibukelwe phansi kakhulu. Ama-goshawks amnyama esongekile ahlala ezindaweni ezinzima ukufinyelela kuzo, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, aphila impilo yobumfihlo, ahlala ecashe emthunzini wehlathi. Izici ezinjalo ze-biology zivumela ukuthi zihlale zingabonakali ngokuphelele. Ngokusho kwesimo sezulu se-IUCN, inani lama-goshawks amnyama asezingeni eliphakeme lizohlala njalo inqobo nje uma kunamahlathi aseNew Guinea, njengoba kunjalo namanje.
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Hawk - incazelo, isimilo. Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-hawk?
Ngokuqondene nezilwane ezidla izambane likapondo, ubukhulu bezinyosi lincane kakhulu - likhulu kunamaphiko - i-goshawk inesisindo esingu-1.5 kg, ubude bamaphiko alikho ngaphezu kwama-30 cm futhi ifinyelela usayizi ofinyelela ku-68 cm. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bephiko le-hawk alikho ngaphezu kwama-26 cm, isisindo se-hawk singama-120 g, futhi ubude bomzimba bu-30 cm.
Ekhanda le-hawk kuhlala kukhona iplamu. Uqhwaku lomkhombe lufushane, lugobekile, luqinile, lujwayelekile izinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngaphansi koqhwaku kukhona i-wax, okuyi-patch yesikhumba okukhona kuyo amathumbu.
Amehlo hawk uvame ophuzi noma ophuzi-orenji. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi oklebe bamane babe nombono omuhle kakhulu, onamandla aphindwe kasi-8 kunamehlo ethu abantu. Amehlo ale nyoni aphendukela phambili, ngakho-ke ama-hawks asebenzisa umbono we-binocular, angayibona kahle le nto ngamehlo womabili. Ama-Hawks awanakho nokulalela okuncane okuthuthukile, kodwa i-charm akuyona indlela yokuqina kwabo.
Umbala wophisi uvame ukuba mpunga, onsundu, onsundu kusuka phezulu, kusuka phansi imizimba yabo ilula: mhlophe, ngaphuzi, buffy, kodwa ngemivimbo emnyama edlulayo. Yize kunezinhlobo zamaphisi, njenge hawk ekhanyayo, enemibala elula. Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi ophisi bezinhlobo ezifanayo bangagqokwa ngokuhlukile.
Imilenze yama-hawks iphuzi ngombala, imilenze ngokwayo inamandla amakhulu, nezinzipho ezibukhali ezisebenza njengama-hawks lapho zizingela.
Izimpiko zenyosi zimfishane futhi ziba buthuntu, yize izinhlobo ezihlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi amancane (ngokwesibonelo, izingoma zeculo) zinamaphiko amakhulu. Ukwakheka kwamaphiko awo kuchazwa yizimo lapho kuhlala khona oklebe. Futhi njengoba zihlala emahlathini, yonke into ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi isebenze kahle, i-hawk ingakwazi ukundiza ngokungena ngamatshe aminyene, iguqukele khona manjalo, zombili ziqonde phezulu zibheke phezulu, zibambe ngokushesha futhi zime ngokushesha, yenza ngokushesha uphonsa. Ngenxa yamakhono anjalo, ama-Hawks ahlala ehlasela izinyamazane zawo ngokungazelelwe. Amaphiko oklebe angena ku-125 cm.
Ama-Hawks anekhono lokwenza imisindo ye-ki-ki, mhlawumbe esebenza njengohlobo lokuxhumana phakathi kwabo. Phakathi kwazo kukhona nezikhulu ezikhethekile zokucula, imisindo yazo imnandi kakhulu, ifana nomsindo wombhobho.
Lapho kuhlala khona oklebe
Indawo abahlala kuyo ibanzi kakhulu, cishe iyona yonke i-Eurasia. Zitholakala e-Afrika, e-Australia nakuwo womabili amaMelika. Zithanda ukuhlala endaweni enamahlathi, yize zivame ukukhuphukela emahlathini, zithanda imiphetho yamahlathi angavulekile. Njengomthetho, oklebe bahola indlela yokuphila yokuhlala, ngaphandle kwalabo abahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, ngokuqala kwamakhaza amakhulu, ophisi lapho bathuthela eningizimu.
Ngabe kudliwa yini amasela?
Njengoba sabhala ngenhla, izinyamazane ezingenamdlandla ezingagugi, isisekelo sokudla kwazo izinyoni ezincane, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, inhlanzi, amasele, izinyoka, zingakwazi ukuhlasela zize zidle izinambuzane ezinkulu. Kepha ukudla abayithandayo yinyoni ezincanyana ezifanayo: ondlunkulu, izintaka, amatshe, amakhosi, amathawula, izigaxa. Kwesinye isikhathi amantshontsho angahlasela izinkuni ezinkulu, ama-pheasants, amajuba, amagwababa, upholi kanye nokuhlasela inyamazane. Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo eziwela ezinambeni zidle isidlo sasemini, kukhona amagundane, amagundane, ama-voles asensimini, ama-squirrels, onogwaja, ama hares. Kodwa ama-Hawks aseJapan ama-pereyaznik kwesinye isikhathi azingela amalulwane.
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, oklebe abanobuqili baqale babheke inyamazane yabo, bese beyihlasela ngokushesha. Ngasikhathi sinye, onogwaja abakwaziyo ukubamba izinyamazane ezihlala phansi nezindizayo. Uyibamba ngezidladla zakhe ezinamandla, uyicwilisa ngamandla, kuyilapho eyihlaba ngezindlawu zayo ezibukhali. Emva kwalokho, udla isisulu sakhe.
Kepha kudlani ama-hawks amancane? Lezi zilwane ezisencane zidla izikelemu, izimpukane kanye nomiyane njengomuthi.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-hawk ne-falcon
Imvamisa ama-hawks adidaniswa nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama - ama-falcons, ake sizame ukuchaza umehluko phakathi kwazo.
- Okokuqala, ama-falcons angamalunga ezinhlobo ezihluke ngokuphelele zoological - umndeni we-falcon, kuyilapho oklebe bengabomndeni we-hawk.
- Ama-falcons makhulu kunamaphisi.
- Izimpiko ze-falcon zibukhali futhi zinde (ubude obungaphezu kuka-30 cm), kanti lezo zisihlahlana zifushane (zingaphansi kuka-30 cm ubude), futhi ziyafiphala.
- Amehlo ama-falcons avame ukuba nsundu; kuma hawkss, ajwayelekile aphuzi noma aphuzi.
- Umsila mfushane kuma-falcons, ngoba oklebe, busephambene nesikhathi eside.
- Ama-falcons anezinyo elibunjiwe lomlomo, oklebe abanalo.
- Oklebe nama-falcons bazingela ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene futhi ngenxa yalokho bahlala ezindaweni ezihlukile. Ama-Falcons akhetha izikhala ezivulekile ze-steppe, ahlasela izinyamazane zawo kusuka ekuphakameni okukhulu, ngesivinini esikhulu.
- Ukususa amaphuphu, ama-falcons anomkhuba omubi wokuthumba izidleke zabanye abantu, kuyilapho oklebe benza lokhu akuvamile, kepha bazakhela izidleke zabo kahle.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-hawk nekite?
Futhi oklebe badidaniswe namakati, ngezansi sizonikeza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi zinyoni.
- I-kite inama-paws amafushane futhi abuthakathaka uma kuqhathaniswa ne-hawk.
- Umsila wekite nge notch eqinile, uyindilinga ku-hawk.
- Uqhwaku lwekhayithi luphakeme kakhulu futhi lubuthakathaka ukwedlula okwezilo.
- Kepha amaphiko ekhayithi, kunalokho, mude kunalowo hawk.
- I-kite akuyona umzingeli onekhono onjalo njengenyosi, imvamisa ukudla kwayo kungukuthwala, udoti, kwesinye isikhathi kungantshontsha nokudla kwezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngeke usho nge-hawk, umzingeli omuhle kakhulu futhi onekhono.
IGoshawk
Lomeleli womndeni we-hawk mkhulu kunawo wonke, isisindo sawo sifinyelela ku-1.5 kg, ubude bomzimba bu-cm 52-68. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsikazi zikhulu kunezabesilisa. Futhi, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, le nhlobo ibizwa nangokuthi i-hawk enkulu. Izimpaphe zalo zimfishane, zisontiwe kancane. Okudwetshwe kakhulu ngombala onsundu, kumhlophe qwa. Ihlala e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika, etholakala e-Afrika, kodwa iseMorocco kuphela.
I-African Goshawk
Inkukhu eluqinile enama-paws aqinile nezinzipho ezibukhali. Ubude bomzimba bungu-36-39 cm, isisindo sifinyelela ku-500 g. Imibala imnyama mnyama. Njengoba igama lisho, i-goshawk yase-Afrika ihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, empumalanga nasentshonalanga ye-Afrika.
Sparrowhawk
Ungusisi omncane - ummeleli omncane kakhulu wombuso wamawisi. Ubude bomzimba wakhe bungamasentimitha angama-30- 323 kuphela, futhi isisindo asikho ngaphezu kwama-280 g. Umbala wakhe ujwayelekile kuma-hawks. Indawo yokuhlala kwale hawk encane icishe ifinyelele kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kanye nezindawo ezisenyakatho ne-Afrika.
I-hawk ekhanyayo
Yathola igama layo ngenxa yombala wayo - ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Yize izazi zezilwane zezilwane zihlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zalolu hlobo lwe-hawk: grey and white, futhi, kuya ngombala. Ama-Hawks akhanyayo ahlala e-Australia kuphela.
I-European Tuvik
Ungubaba onemilenze emifushane. Omunye ummeleli omncane womndeni we-hawk, unobude obungama-30-38 cm, futhi unesisindo esingama-g. Imilenze yale hawk imfushane, yingakho igama lesibili. Ihlala eningizimu yeYurophu, kubandakanya eningizimu yezwe lethu, e-Ukraine, kanye nase-Ukraine eCrimea. Lolu hlobo lwama-hawks yi-thermophilic futhi, ngokuqala kwamakhaza asebusika, alungiselela ubusika eningizimu - enyakatho ye-Afrika, e-Asia Minor, e-Iran.
I-red hawk
Futhi ngummeleli omkhulu kakhulu womndeni we-hawk, ubude bawo bufika ku-60 cm, nawo wonke ama-1-1.4 kg. I-plumage yayo ibomvu ngamabala ahlukahlukene amnyama. I-red hawk ihlala kuphela e-Australia, ithanda ama-parrots (njengokudla, kunjalo) nezinye izilwane ezinemibala emincane.
Ukuzalela okwenziwa ngophisi
Ama-Hawks ayizinyoni zomndeni ezithanda ukwakha izidleke zezinzalo zazo eziqinile. Lezi zinyoni ziqala ukwakha isidleke ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 ukuya kwezingu-2 ngaphambi kokukhula, emahlathini aqothulayo noma acwebile. Izinsimbi zakhiwa, njengomthetho, kusuka emahlathini owomile.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: ama-Hawks a-monogamous futhi adala umbhangqwana ngokuphila, njengama-swans. Zalela amaqanda azo kanye ngonyaka futhi lokhu zikwenza izinsuku eziningi. E-clutch kungaba khona amaqanda amabili kuya kwayi-6. Owesifazane uzifaka, futhi owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi, njengomthandi ohloniphekile, uletha ukudla.
Ngemuva kokubopha amantshontsho, iduna liyaqhubeka nokuletha ukudla amasonto ambalwa, kepha umama walo udla amantshontsho amancane. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, insikazi ibuye iqale ukundiza iyozingela, kepha ezinye izinyanga eziyi-1-2, abazali bezinja ziyaqhubeka nokunakekela izingane zabo. Njengoba sezikhulile futhi zizimele, onkudlwana abasebasha bayoqhuma ngokuphelele esidlekeni sabo sabazali.
Ungayondla kanjani i-hawk ekhaya
Ukugcina i-hawk akuyona into exubile, kepha uma unomuntu omele lo mndeni onezinsimbi ekudingisweni, bese ukhumbula ukuthi ama-hawks kufanele ondliwe ukudla kwawo kwendalo - kungcono kakhulu uma izinduku zithengwa esitolo esikhethekile. Ngokuqinisekile ungondla inyama ethengiwe esitolo, kepha ukudla okunjalo ngeke kunikeze i-hawk zonke izakhi ezidingayo. Futhi khumbula ukuthi ekuthunjweni lezi zinyoni zibhekana nengcindezi enkulu futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ekuqaleni i-hawk kuzodingeka ifakwe ukudla ngamandla.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana namasela
- Kwezinye izindawo, amantombazane amancane okuhlala e-hummingb ahlala ngaphansi kwezidleke zophisi. Iqiniso liwukuthi ama-hummingbirds awameleli inzalo ye-gastronomic for hawks, kepha izitha zawo zemvelo: ama-jay kanye nama-squirrels, kunalokho, amele kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ama-hummingbird ngosizo luklebe azivikele kuma-squirrels.
- Ubudlelwano bomzali nokukhula kwamachwane buqhekeka ngokuphelele, uma umdwebi osuvuthiwe esondela esidlekeni sabazali ngenkumbulo yakudala, abazali bakhe bamxosha njengesihambi.
- AmaGrikhi namaGibhithe asendulo ayayihlonipha inyamazane njengesilwane esingcwele, kanti ukubulawa kwayo bekubhekwa njengecala lobugebengu.
- Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu baye bafunda ukusebenzisa ama-hawks ekuzingeleni izigwaca kanye nama-pheasants.