EWashington, Juni 19. Minyaka yonke, kuba nokuhlaselwa okwengeziwe koshaka kubantu emhlabeni. Ososayensi banquma ukuphenya izimbangela zokuziphatha okunesihluku okunjalo. Ngesikhathi sokubukwa, kwatholakala ukuthi i-United States ihola inani labashonile nabalimele ezilwaneni zasolwandle.
Izazi zebhayoloji zithi ukucindezela kubangela oshaka bagxume kubantu. Ngakho-ke, izisulu ezivikela insimu yazo. Eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule, iziqephu ezingama-409 zokuhlaselwa kwalezi zilwane zasemanzini ziye zaqoshwa eMelika. Ngokuvamile la macala enzeka eHawaii naseFlorida, kubika i-portal Svopi.
Le ndawo ithandwa kakhulu oshaka ngenxa yokugeleza njalo kwezivakashi. Ochwepheshe baqapha umsebenzi wezilwane ezizingelayo. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi akukho okushintshile ekuziphatheni kwabo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukungena kwezivakashi kubangele ingcindezi, eye yaphindeka kathathu.
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Kungani ukuhlaselwa koshaka kwenzeka kubantu?
Ama-Ichthyologists anikeza izizathu ezahlukahlukene ezishukumisela oshaka ukuthi bahlasele abantu. Kwesinye isikhathi bekuchazwa ngisho nezincazelo ezinolwazi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, elinye lamacala okuqala angahambelani nesithombe esijwayelekile kwaba uchungechunge olukhulu lokuhlaselwa kwabavakashi ogwini lwe-Atlantic lwaseMelika ngo-1916.
Lapho-ke iMpi Yezwe yokuQala yayisondele nje, futhi kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi oshaka bangalahlekelwa ukudla kwabo okujwayelekile: imfucuza yokudla evela emikhunjini yasolwandle (ikakhulukazi imikhumbi yabagibeli), eya iba mncane ngenxa yezikebhe zaseJalimane.
Uhlobo lwesibili ngukuthi oshaka bajwayele ukudla amatilosi asefile, yingakho bemilutha yenyama yabantu.
Futhi eyokuqala kunazo zonke ukuthi “unyaka woshaka” oyingqayizivele ufikile, izinyamazane ziye zafuya njengamagundane noma onogwaja, ngakho-ke ziyaswela ukudla.
Ukuhlaselwa okwenzeka eNew Jersey kwavele kwamiswa lapho umsolwa owabulala abantu abane wabulawa futhi wabulawa.
Lokhu kunikeze isizathu sokusho ukuthi phakathi koshaka kukhona uhlobo lwababulali be-serial.
Le nguqulo isakujabulela ukuxhaswa okuthile. Ngasikhathi sinye, kukholelwa ukuthi izisulu zokuhlaselwa kwabantu kungaba uhlobo lwabashaka besifazane abangaboshelwe esifundeni esithile nokudla okuhlala njalo.
Bukela ividiyo - Ukuhlaselwa kwabantu kukaShark kubantu:
Phakathi kwezizathu okungenzeka ukuthi zishiwo ngokuhlaselwa koshaka kubantu, okuyiqiniso kakhulu ukuthi kukhona kwegazi emanzini. Kuningi okuye kwabhalwa lapho kwakuyinhlanzi entsha, eyasikwa noma eyayihlotshisiwe eyaba yimbangela yokuvusa ulaka lomhlaseli.
Oshaka banomqondo omnandi wephunga, futhi bahamba ngesivinini, manjalo babamba izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu zegazi ezichithwe kukholomu yamanzi.
Ngokunokwenzeka, kungalesi sizathu lapho amacala ahlukumezayo kakhulu wokuhlaselwa koshaka ehlangana khona, lapho amashumi amaningi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho namakhulu amatilosi awela emanzini, aba yizisulu.
Oshaka abaningi bahlasela abantu
Isivuno esibi kakhulu siqoqwe oshaka phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, lapho kwaba nokulwa okukhulu phakathi kwamakhumbi, kubandakanya nezilwandle ezifudumele zasolwandle.
Isibonelo, ngenxa yokuhlasela kwethotho, ezokuthutha ezinkulu zaseCan San Juan zaya ezansi, nabantu abangu-1429 ngaleso sikhathi. Ngenkathi amatilosi asemkhunjini we-Edwin Meridit esiza, ulwandle lonke lwalugcwele izimbila.
Izimbangi zigijimele abantu abebekade benyuselwe phakathi komkhumbi ezintanjeni, bagxumela ezikebheni nasemaphethelweni, baphonsa izisulu zabo emanzini. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwasinda abantu abangama-448 kuphela.
Vele, akubona bonke abafileyo ababedliwe oshaka, umuntu othile wafa ngaphambili, ngokuqhuma kwethoshi, noma waminza. Kepha, noma kunjalo, i-akhawunti yezisulu zoshaka eziqondile kuleli cala ayidluli ngamakhulu ambalwa.
Mhlawumbe inhlekelele edume kakhulu olwandle ehilela oshaka yenzeka ehlobo lika-1945, lapho kufika itafula laseJapan lingena esikebheni samasosha aseMelika.
Kwabasindile ngemuva kokuphahlazeka komkhumbi, kwasala cishe abangama-800. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-4 olwandle, kwasala abangama-316 kuphela.
Umkhosi wamagazi woshaka kulezi zinsuku wehla njalo emlandweni weNavy njengengozi embi.
Futhi, ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi ngamazinyo oshaka kwaqapheleka kwezinye izinhlekelele zasolwandle. Ngasogwini lwaseNingizimu Afrika, enye into yokuhamba, iNova Scotia, yaphela.
Abatakuli abafike ngakusasa ekuseni bathola izidumbu eziningi ezinemilenze elunywe, ezaziboshwe phezu kolwandle ngenxa yezitishi zokuphila ezingenamsebenzi.
Bukela ividiyo - UShark ubulele isivakashi:
Izimbangela zokuhlukumezeka kwezinhlanzi
Igazi liheha izisulu emanzini angajulile, hhayi kude nolwandle. Izinhlobo eziningi zoshaka zizingela izinhlanzi ngokujula okungamamitha ayi-1-2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma amanzi enamafu, ushaka angahle adideke izinyawo zomuntu ogebha noma umdobi emi ebhande lakhe nezinyoka zakhe ezijwayelekile.
Cishe i-30% yawo wonke amacala aphenywayo okuhlaselwa okwenzeka kubantu abasemanzini angajulile. Kwakunezinto eziningi ezashona, yize kunjalo, kulesi simo kunamathuba amaningi okusinda kunakulwandle oluvulekile noma ngisho namamitha ayikhulu noma amabili ukusuka ogwini.
Konke lokhu kuhlaselwa okungu-5 okungenhla eNew Jersey kwenzeke ekujuleni kolwandle, kanti abathathu babo - kwi-rivulet encane yasogwini.
Emabhishi nasezindawini kuhlasela oshaka abahlukahlukene. Lawa abelungu abesabeka kakhulu, abelungu elikhulu, futhi ayisiyingozi kangako, futhi ngisho nababhuli abaziwa njengabangenabungozi be-nanny.
Vele, ingxenye yokuhlaselwa imvamisa ibizwa ngokuthi yilapho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukucasulwa". Kepha, lapha kunengqondo ukuqonda ukuthi ushaka angahlasela, empeleni, ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Kunzima ukusho okuthile ngokuqinisekile. Isibonelo, icala lokuhlaselwa koshaka womuntu liyaziwa. Kwenzeka ngo-2009 ogwini lwaseCalifornia.
Amasayizi ajwayelekile alezi zinhlobo awekho ngaphezu kwe-1 imitha. Kodwa-ke, lo shark omncane kakhulu uqalise ukuhlasela kwisejista esebenzayo.
Bukela ividiyo - I-Angel Shark ihlasela umuntu ohlanganyele:
Imvamisa ungafunda ukuthi oshaka abayithandi inyama yabantu, kanti okubi kakhulu, bayokuyiluma kanye futhi bayikhafule ngaso leso sikhathi.
Kodwa, okokuqala, uma uhlaselwa ushaka omkhulu omhlophe noma wehlosi, khona-ke ukuluma okukodwa kungaba ngokwaneleomphumela obulalayo.
Futhi okwesibili, ngaphakathi kwesisu sabashaka kwatholakala amathambo abantu, nezingxenye zezingubo, nezinkinobho, nezicathulo. Uma ushaka ekhipha inyama, pho kungani uzama ukugaya izicathulo?
Noma ngabe kunjani, amhlophe amakhulu, amahlosi amakhulu namakati inkunzi ihlasela kakhulu abantu. Ngasikhathi sinye, inyamazane yenyathi ihlukaniswa ngokujwayelekile ngokudla okungekho emthethweni.
Okumhlophe kuvame ukuzingela izimpawu futhi kungahle kudide umuntu (ikakhulukazi phezu kwe-surfboard) ngezipikili.
Lapho ehlaselwa, ushaka uvame ukukhetha isisulu esithile esithile futhi asukele sona kuphela, anganaki abanye ababhukudi abaseduze.
NgoDisemba 1992, abantu abaningana abavela ekilabhini yendawo yokumbela basolwandle eCalifornia.
Ngemuva kokuba ushaka ehlasele omunye wabavakashi, umfana oneminyaka engu-17, abafana bamsiza, bebamba ikhamera yemoto endala ogwini. Baqala ukuhudulela isisulu kulowo owayehamba naye eduze, bamlayisha ekhamera bese bexhasa ikhanda lakhe ngaphezu kwamanzi.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, ushaka wahlasela abalimele amahlandla amaningi, kepha awuzange uhlasele omunye umuntu.
Ngeshwa, yonke imizamo yabahlengi yaba yize - le nsizwa yafa isendleleni eya pier. Ushaka wamlimaza amanxeba amane amakhulu, emhlubula inyama okhalweni nasezinkalweni.
Bukela ividiyo - Ukuhlasela koshaka we-cannibal kumuntu:
Izici eziphambili ezenza oshaka babe nolaka
Ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi kunemithetho ethile, futhi kuyo yonke le mithetho kukhona okuhlukile (kaningi okuningi).
Sibala kafushane.
Oshaka bahlasela uma kunegazi emanzini. Lokhu kungumthetho othile impela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kunegazi eliningi, khona-ke izitha ezidla izitha zingakwazi ukulahlekelwa amandla okulawula bese ziwela kuhlobo lomkhuhlane wokubulawa kwabantu.
Oshaka bavame ukuhlasela abantu abangazethembi, abesabayo nabashayayo. Abasakazi nabo basengozini ethile.
Kaningi, ukuhlaselwa kwenzeka emanzini anodaka, emanzini angajulile, ekuseni noma kusihlwa (bambalwa nje abantu abageza ebusuku), emazingeni okushisa amanzi okungenani angama-18 degrees.
Kodwa-ke, le mithetho ayiphelele. Isibonelo, icala elichazwe ngenhla eCalifornia lenzeka ngoDisemba, lapho amanzi ayebanda kakhulu kunokushisa okujwayelekile "koshaka".
Ngakho-ke, indlela enamandla yokuzivikela ekuhlaselweni koshaka kubantu akuyona ukubhukuda kulawo manzi lapho lezi zidla zingozi zithola khona ukuziphilisa.
Izibalo
Izibalo zomhlaba zokuhlaselwa koshaka kusukela ngo-2000 | ||
Unyaka | Inani eliphelele lokuhlaselwa | Ukuhlasela Okuyingozi |
---|---|---|
2000 | 95 | 17 |
2001 | 90 | 5 |
2002 | 86 | 9 |
2003 | 88 | 6 |
2004 | 88 | 11 |
2005 | 96 | 8 |
2006 | 97 | 8 |
2007 | 103 | 4 |
2008 | 108 | 10 |
2009 | 101 | 8 |
2010 | 94 | 8 |
2011 | 118 | 15 |
2012 | 115 | 9 |
2013 | 91 | 13 |
I-University of Florida Museum of Natural History ikhombisa ukuthi ukufa kwabantu kusuka ekuhlaselweni koshaka kuphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokufa kwabantu ngenxa yezinye izizathu ezivame ukubhekwa njengezingenabungozi kakhulu: ngokwesibonelo, babalelwa ku-38 abantu ababulawa yiziteleka zombani emazweni asogwini lwase U.S njalo ngonyaka. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ithuba lomuntu lokuhlaselwa ngoshaka (kulabo abaya emabhishi) li-1 kwezigidi eziyi-11.5, kanti ithuba lokufa kulokhu kuhlaselwa liyi-1 kwezigidi ezingama-264.1. Isilinganiso sonyaka sabantu abaminza e-United States bangama-3 306, kanti oyedwa kubo ufile koshaka. Ngokuqhathanisa, abantu babulala oshaka abayizigidi eziyikhulu unyaka ngamunye. Izinjongo zokufunda ukuhlaselwa koshakaEnye yezinhloso zokufunda ngokuhlaselwa ukwandisa ukuqonda kwethu ngezwe loshaka nokuziphatha kwabo. Ukuqonda izizathu nezimo lapho oshaka behlasela umuntu kuzokwenza ukuthi kunciphise inani lezingozi ezinjalo. Izimo ezibandakanyeka kakhulu ezibandakanya oshaka ziyaphenywa, kungcono kufundwe indlela abaziphatha ngayo nezenzo ezijwayelekile. Ingozi yangempela kubantu ngamaphesenti amancane ezinhlobo zabo. Kepha kuze kube manje unyaka nonyaka umuntu ubulala oshaka ababalelwa ezigidini eziyi-100. Umhlaseli wolwandle obaluleke kakhulu, obamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekugcineni isimo esinempilo sezilwandle, uyabhujiswa. Ukwehla kwenani labashaka abamhlophe abalawula inani lezimpawu zasolwandle namabhubesi asolwandle kubhekwa njengesinye sezizathu ezingenzeka zokuncipha kwenani labantu base-salmon ogwini lwaseCalifornia nase-Oregon. Izincazelo ezivuvukayo zamacala angajwayelekile okuhlaselwa koshaka, kanye nokudlala kwabaqondisi nababhali ngokwesaba okuyisisekelo kwabantu, kugqugquzele umphakathi jikelele ngesabekayo engenangqondo. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo olungakhethi luyadingeka ukucacisa isimo sangempela nokuhlola ukuhlaselwa koshaka ngesizotha. Izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhuluNgokuphikisana nenkolelo ethandwayo, izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zikashaka eziyingozi kubantu. Ezinhlotsheni ezingaphezu kuka-360, zingu-4 kuphela ezabonwa ekuhlaselweni okungaxutshwe nalutho kwabantu abanomphumela obulalayo: amhlophe, amahlosi, amfishi futhi oshaka abade. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zidlamlilo zasolwandle ziyakwazi ukuhlasela abantu, zizonke nje azinalo ulaka futhi kunezithombe zazo eziningi namavidiyo athathwe ngabaphambukeli abangavikelekile emanzini avulekile. Isibonelo, ifilimu laseFrance likaJacques Perrin Oceans iqukethe ozimele lapho umuntu ebhukuda ngokukhululekile eduze koshaka. Izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu nezinolaka namuhla zibhekwa, ngaphandle kosizo lwabezindaba nama-movie, Carcharodon carcharias — Ushaka omhlophe. Ngaphezu kwezigidi zeminyaka zokuthuthuka, lolu hlobo luthole izici eziningi ezizenze zaba ngumzingeli olwandle osebenzayo. Ama-ampoules aseLorenzini asendaweni yobuso ayakwazi ukucosha izinciphiso zikagesi kufinyelela kuma-millivolts angama-0,005, futhi umuzwa onephunga elibi kakhulu wenza sikwazi ukubona ukujula kwegazi okuncane emanzini ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-5. Ushaka unobuhle bemvelo obumangalisayo ukulandelela phansi nokubamba isisulu - kukhanya ngezansi futhi kumnyama ngenhla, okukuvumela ukuba uhlale ungabonakali ebusweni bamanzi kuze kube umzuzu wokugcina. Amandla, ijubane kanye nezintambo eziningana zamazinyo abukhali akushiyi inyamazane yoshaka - izinhlanzi ezi-bony nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane zasolwandle, cishe alikho ithuba. Ngokwalokho okubonwe ososayensi, imvamisa ishaka emhlophe ihlasela ngokushesha isuka ngezansi, ibhebhetheke kanzima futhi ilume kuqala okunamandla, ilandelwe ukuqunjelwa, bese ibhukuda iye ohlangothini ukugwema ukulimala okungenzeka kusuka kovikela isisulu size siyidedele, iphume ngegazi. Ekuhlaselweni kokuqala, ushaka omhlophe uvame ukubulala amanxeba abulalayo. Amacala okuhlasela I-Carcharhinus leucas — ushaka omfushane - kwenzeka kaningi kunokwezibalo ezisemthethweni. Isizathu esikhulu salokhu ukuthi isatshalaliswa ikakhulu ogwini lwamazwe omhlaba wesithathu, empumalanga nasentshonalanga ye-Afrika, India nezinye izindawo lapho ukuhlaselwa koshaka kungamane kubhalwe phansi. Ubukhulu obukhulu, ubudlova, ukuhlala ngasogwini olunabantu abaningi, ukubonakala emanzini acwebile nokujula okujulile - konke lokhu kubeka engcupheni ingozi kubantu ngaphezu koshaka omhlophe noma benyathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ushaka omfushane akulula kangako ukukhomba njengomphunga omhlophe noma wehlosi, ukuhlasela kwabo okuningi kungahlala kuhlasela “olungaziwa”. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ubungozi bale nhlobo kubantu buqale ukubhekelwa phezulu ngemuva kochungechunge olubi lokuhlaselwa okungu-5 ngo-1916 eNew Jersey. Galeocerdo cuvier — I-Tiger shark - kuthatha indawo yesibili kwizibalo zokuhlaselwa kwabantu. Ingahlala itholakala ezifundeni zemifula, emabhokisini, emijondolo yamaketanga esiqhingi eduze kakhulu nolwandle. Ngokunikezwa izindawo ezinjengalezi zinhlobo kanye nenani labaphilayo nsuku zonke, ababhukudi kanye nabasubathi kuzo, kungenzeka ukuthi kuhlaselwe (okwenzeka cishe ku-3-4 ngokwesilinganiso ngonyaka) kungabizwa njengokungenakwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvimbi ukuthi kuthiwe i-tiger shark kolunye lwezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu. Naphezu kokuhamba kwayo okujwayelekile, i-tiger shark ingenye yokubhukuda okunamandla, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlasela ithatha isivinini, isondele kulowo ohlaseliwe ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze owokugcina angabi nalo nethuba lokushiya. Ngaphambi kokuhlasela into engaziwa, ushaka ungaqala uzungeleze futhi ulugudle ebusweni ukuze uphinde uphinde utholakale. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo luphawuleka kakhulu ngendlela enobudlova yokudla ngokungakhethi, futhi lapho luhlaselwa, ushaka wehlosi luzama ngokushesha ukubamba inyamazane yalo, ngakho kaningi esiswini sazo uthola izinto ezahlukahlukene ezingafani. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwesinye isikhathi kuthiwa ngumqoqi wokungcola kolwandle. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezintathu ezibhalwe ngenhla, iningi lihlasela ushaka omude onamaphiko (Carcharhinus longimanus) ababhalisiwe. Ngokwezibalo zanamuhla, ushaka omude onamaphiko omfishane wenza ukuhlaselwa okungaphendulwanga. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukuhlaselwa okuningi kwalolu hlobo kuyaziwa, ikakhulukazi phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala neyesibili. Ushaka olwandle olude olude luhlala kakhulu olwandle oluvulekile futhi aluvamile ukuvela phesheya kwezilwandle - lapho kubhalwe khona amacala amaningi okuhlasela kwabantu.Ngesikhathi seMpi Yomhlaba Yesibili, imikhumbi eminingi, imikhumbi nezindiza kwabhekana nenhlekelele olwandle olwandle oluphakeme, kanye noshaka omude, ngenxa yobuningi bayo ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuvame ukuba ngowokuqala ukuba lapho kwenzeka inhlekelele. Isibonelo esibi sokuhlaselwa kukashaka omfishane yindehlakalo esenzeka ngemuva kokushona kukaNovemba 28, 1942 ngumkhumbi ongaphansi komhlaba waseJalimane u-177 womkhumbi wabagibeli "uNova Scotia" esifundeni saseNingizimu Afrika. Kubantu abayi-1000, kwasinda abangu-192 kuphela, futhi inani elibonakalayo lokufa labikwa lifana ngqo noshaka omude. Esinye isibonelo ukushushuluzwa kwe-American cruiser Indianapolis ngoJulayi 30, 1945, ngemuva kwalokho okungenani abantu abangama-60-80 baba izisulu zoshaka obude. Ngokusho kwabathile abasindile, oshaka benyathi nabo babonwa lapho kwenzeka lesi sehlakalo. Amacala okuhlaselwa okungenamkhawulo kanye nezinye izinhlobo zabasakazi ayaziwa, kepha kuyaqabukela kuphele ngokushona komuntu. Lezi yilezi: ama-mako shark, isando sesando, iGalapagos, impunga emnyama, ulamula, osilika kanye noshaka oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Labo shaka bangabazingeli abakhulu nabanamandla okuhlasela kwabo okungenzeka ukuthi basendaweni engafanele ngesikhathi esingafanele. Kodwa-ke, zithathwa njengezingenabungozi kakhulu kubhukudi nakwabahlukahlukene. Kunezinye ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlasela abantu minyaka yonke, okwenza amanxeba angaba yingozi empilweni. Kepha amacala anjalo avela ngenxa yokucasulwa ngenhloso, noma ngenxa yokuchazwa ngokungeyikho koshaka ngenxa yesimo samanzi, njll. UkuhlukaniswaOsosayensi bakhombe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuhlaselwa koshaka:
Izizathu zokuhlaselwaNjengabazingeli abaningi bemvelo, oshaka bazizwa benelukuluku lapho behlangabezana nokuthile okungajwayelekile endaweni yabo. Bakhishwe izitho ngeminwe ebucayi, basebenzisa okuwukuphela kwendlela etholakalayo yokufunda into - ukuluma. Lokhu kulunywa kwaziwa ngokuthi ucwaningo . Njengomthetho, ngokuhlaselwa okunjalo, ushaka ubhukuda ngemuva kokuluma kokuqala. Isibonelo, ukuhlaselwa kwabagibeli kuvame ukubhekwa njengokulimala kokucwaninga, ngoba ushaka kungenzeka ukuthi unephutha - isilayidi ledisboard enezingalo nemilenze elenga kuwo ikhumbuza kakhulu inyamazane yayo ejwayelekile evela ngaphansi - uphawu, ibhubesi lolwandle noma ufudu. Noma kunjalo, "ucwaningo" olunjalo lungaphetha emiphumeleni emibi kubantu, ikakhulukazi uma kuyinto edla ezinye ezinamandla njengomhlophe noma ushaka wehlosi. Yize kukhona okuhlukile okungafani nalokhu, kukholakala ukuthi oshaka abahlaseli abantu ngenhloso yokuthi bazidle. Abantu akuwona umthombo wenyama enamafutha aphezulu abadoba abadinga ukwanelisa izidingo zabo ngenani elikhulu lamandla ukulawula umzimba omkhulu nonamandla. Esikhundleni salokho, babekhetha uphawu lwezimpawu ezinonile kanye namabhubesi olwandle esikhundleni somuntu onamakhaza amaningi. Kepha ngenxa yombono wayo ompofu (ezinye izinhlobo) namanzi anodaka, ushaka ubona lezi zilwane kulolaka lwabantu abantanta ebusweni bolwandle (ikakhulukazi phezu kwe-surfboard). Umkhiqizo onjalo, uma kungenjalo ngokushesha, bese kuthi ngemuva kokuhudula okufushane ngaphansi kwamanzi, uphalaze emuva. Amaqhinga wokuhlaselaImvamisa, oshaka benza ukuhlaselwa okukodwa masisha, bese belinda, bavumele isisulu ukuba sife noma siziqede ngaphambi kokuqala ukudla. Lokhu kuvikela oshaka ekulimaleni kwesisulu esilimele futhi esisebenzayo, kepha ngasikhathi sinye sinika abantu isikhathi sokuphuma emanzini ukuze baphile. Izitho zokuzwa kukagesi koshaka, okubizwa ngokuthi yiLorencini ampoules, ziyakwazi ukubona izisulu zikagesi ezikhiqizwa yizicubu zomzimba ngesikhathi senkambiso. Ngokwenye inguqulo, ama-receptors oshaka kagesi athola izintshisekelo zikagesi zokuhamba kwenhlanzi elimele ngenkathi kudotshwa noma kuqhutshwa umkhonto, futhi lokhu kungaholela ekuhlaseleni okuyiphutha kumuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlawu zikagesi zomuntu ogeza zingabonakala nangoshaka njengokuhamba kwesilwane esilimele, okungukuthi inyamazane elula. Noma yiziphi izinhlobo zoshaka abakhulu zimelela ingozi enkulu noma encane engaba khona. Njengoba uJacques-Yves Cousteau asho, "phakathi nalamakhulu eminyaka, oshaka begazi, ongashabalali osalokhu efikile kuze kube namuhla, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuvela kwemvelo, ufinyelele kumbulali omdala kunabo bonke, ekuqaleni abehlome ukulwela ukuba khona." Oshaka baba yingozi enkulu kubabhukubi eduze kwamanzi, kepha azikho izindlela eziphumelelayo zokwesabisa oshaka. Oshaka uzizwa ukwesaba kwesisulu, futhi futhi abe yingozi enkulu lapho ecasulwa ezenzweni zokuzivikela. Kodwa ukuhlaselwa kwabo ngokuvamile akuqali ngokushesha - okokuqala ushaka umfundela umuntu, ubhukuda uzungeze, bese-ke unyamalala bese uvele ngokuzumayo. Ukuvimbela UkuhlaselaUkuziphatha koshaka ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukubikezela. Bangabhukuda ngokunganaki isikhathi eside, bese bahlasela ngokubhukuda ngokungazelelwe. Lokhu kuhlasela kungaphenduka ukuluma okulula noma ukuhlasela okucacile. Ayikho indlela yokuqeda ngokuphelele ukuhlaselwa koshaka ngenkathi umuntu esemanzini, kepha ezinye izindlela zokuqapha zingathathwa ukunciphisa ingozi:
Ukuvikelwa kweDolphinKunamacala amaningi abhaliwe lapho amahlengethwa asindisa umuntu ekuhlaselweni koshaka, njengokuhlasela kwabaseNyakatho California ngo-Agasti 2007. Kwabhalwa okufanayo nase-New Zealand ngasogwini lweNew Zealand ngonyaka we-2004. Njengomthetho, amahlengethwa akha indandatho ezungeze umuntu olimele. Kodwa-ke, yize sekwenziwe iminyaka yocwaningo, ayikho incazelo ephoqayo yalokhu kuziphatha. Asivule izibaloNgaphandle kokuthi "inkazimulo" ethusayo, aziningi izehlakalo zokuhlaselwa koshaka esintwini. Cishe ziyi-150-200 izehlakalo zokuhlukunyezwa kwabasakazi eziqoshwa minyaka yonke emhlabeni wonke, futhi zigcina ngokufa komuntu ezimeni ezingekho ngaphezulu kwe-5-10. Abantu banethuba eliphakeme kakhulu lokufa ngaphansi kwamasondo emoto kunethuba lokufa ngokulunywa ngoshaka. Kodwa-ke, ukushona kwabantu ezingozini zomgwaqo kuyizibalo ezijwayelekile zamadolobha amakhulu, futhi lonke icala lokuhlaselwa koshaka kubantu litholakala esidlangalaleni kwabezindaba. IMass Shark AttackPhakathi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwezikole ezinkulu zoshaka kubagibeli bemikhumbi ecwilayo. Iningi lazo zihlobana nesikhathi seMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, lapho kwakulwelwa impi enkudlwana kuyo yonke iplanethi, kufaka phakathi olwandle olushisayo. Ukuhlasela esesabeka kakhulu kwenzeka kaningi. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokufa komkhumbi wokuhamba weCape San Juan owabhujiswa yi-torpedo, bangaphansi kwamakhulu amahlanu abantu abasindiswa kubantu abayinkulungwane nengxenye, ngoba abantu bahlaselwa ngolaka ngenani elikhulu labasakazi. Izinhlanzi ezihlaselayo, ezikhathazeke ngegazi, azihlalanga nje kuphela kubantu abantantayo emanzini, kodwa nezikejana zokuphila, zihudula izisulu zazo olwandle. Kwenzeka isigameko esifanayo neqembu lase-Indianapolis, lapho oshaka bachitha amalungu angaphezulu kwamakhulu amahlanu ezinsukwini ezine. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangesikhathi sokuthula, abagibeli bemikhumbi abaphuke umkhumbi bangahlaselwa kakhulu oshaka. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu kuyaqabukela. Ukuhlasela okukodwaEsikhathini esiningi, ababhukudi abanesizungu ababhukuda bangene olwandle, noma abantu abame emanzini anodaka emanzini angajulile, bayahlaselwa. Endabeni yokugcina, ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi oshaka benze iphutha emilenzeni yomuntu ngenhlanzi abavame ukuyizingela. Efuna inyamazane, oshaka bangabhukuda basondele ngokwanele ogwini futhi babhukude nasemifuleni yemifula. Umdubuli noma umdobi umi emanzini ngokuvamile akayona inzalo kubabizi, kepha uma umuntu eye wenza nesilonda esincane esikhunjeni sakhe, iphunga legazi lingacunula umdlwenguli futhi aliphoqe ukuba lihlasele. Ubudlova obuvame kakhulu obhekelwa kubantu wushaka obumhlophe obukhulu; ama-tiger nama-blunt oshaka abhekwa njengoyingozi impela. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izikhathi, cishe zonke izinhlobo zabasakazi zihlasela abantu, ngisho nalezo ezivame ukubhekwa njengezingenangozi ngokuphelele. Njengoba sesikhethe inyamazane yaso, ushaka uyayixosha ngenkani, anganaki abanye abantu. Umsukela, umhlaseli angahlasela isikebhe uma isisulu sikwazile ukukhuphuka. Imvamisa, ukuluma kanye nje kwanele ekufeni: umuntu ufa ngenxa yokwethuka kobuhlungu nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwegazi. Izizathu zokuhlaselwa koshaka kubantuAbantu abayindlela yokwelapha oshaka, futhi phakathi kwezizathu eziphambili zokuhlukumezeka, ososayensi bahlukanisa okulandelayo.
I-Surfboard. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi oshaka bathatha izinto zangaphansi zasendlini - ukwelashwa abakuthandayo. Kodwa indlela elukhuni yokugwema ukuhlaselwa koshaka kukushiya ngokuphelele ukubhukuda ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona izakhamizi eziyingozi nezingalindeleki zolwandle olufudumele. Share
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