Lo mzingeli angazalela unyaka wonke, kepha iningi lezilwane lizalanisa kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuJulayi. Kuya ngokuthi insikazi esikhwameni inamawundlu noma cha, lesi sikhwama asikho noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sakhiwe kahle. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha amasonto ama-3. Owesifazane angaba nezingane ezingama-24. Kodwa-ke, esikhwameni sikamama kunezingono ezi-6, ngakho-ke yizingane ezisindayo kuphela, okungukuthi lezo ezizokwazi ukufika ezingwaneni kuqala. Isikhwama esijulile sokwesula esivula emuva, sembozwe yisibaya sesikhumba, umsebenzi waso ukuvala isikhwama lapho amawundlu esikuwo.

Masinyane nje ngemuva kokuzalwa, amawundlu angena esikhwameni futhi anamathele ngokuqinile kwizingono. Izingono ziyavuvukala ukuze izingane zilenga kuzo, ngakho-ke amawundlu awakwazi ukuphuma esikhwameni. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingu-12-16 mg kuphela. Ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-15, amehlo abo avuleka. Ngemuva kwenyanga, bashiya isikhwama isikhashana, kepha babuyela njalo kuyona baphuze ubisi. Izilwane ezincane ziqala ukuzimela kusuka ezinyangeni ezingama-4-5.

LIFESTYLE

UKwall ungumzingeli okhaliphile futhi onobuqili, uhlala emahlathini omile, emathafeni anamagquma anentaba evulekile, kanye nasemasimini nakumadlelo aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia. Phambilini, abantu abaningi balaba bantu abadla izinyamazane babehlala naseMelbourne naseSydney, kodwa kulezi zindawo ngo-1901-1903 izilwane zabulawa yi-epizootic (ngokusakazeka kwezifo ezithathelanayo). Okokugcina lesi sibalo sobugwala sabonwa eduze kwaseSydney ngeminyaka yama-70s yeXX. Namuhla, abantu abaningi base-marsupial martens bahlala eTasmania. Ezwenikazi lase-Australia kunezindawo ezimbalwa ezisele zalezi zilwane ezisondele ekuqothulweni. UKvall ugibela kahle izihlahla, kepha isikhathi esiningi asichitha emhlabathini. Ntambama, lesi silo sivame ukulala edwaleni noma esigodini sesihlahla esifakwe ngamaqabunga. Lapho ulele, ama-marsupial marten curls a ibhola.

YINI UKUDLA

I-Marsupial marten quoll ingeyamalungu omndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo zase-Australia, okubizwa ngokuthi ama-marsupials.

Lesi silwane saziwa nge-voracity yaso. I-marten quoll isebenzisa zonke izilwane ezincane. Idla ikakhulu izinambuzane, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinyoni, kwesinye isikhathi izinhlanzi nezinyamazane. I-Kwoll isilwane sasebusuku. Isilo sisebenza kakhulu ekuseni nasekuseni. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, uthembela ekuzweni kwakhe okuhle kakhulu nasemunweni wokuhogela. UMartupial marten ulele elinde ikati. Kwesinye isikhathi uhlala phansi kwegatsha lesihlahla alinde ukuthi ohlukumezekile asondele, bese ehlehlela kuye. Uma ukwazi ukubamba inyamazane, i-kwoll iyibulala ngokuluma entanyeni. Abalimi babhubhisa lezi zilwane njengoba zibhubhisa izinkukhu. Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ziyavela ngaphandle kwamadolobha lapho zidla khona udoti. Ngokuvamile, abantu base-Australia bayayihlonipha i-Kwoll ngokubulala amagundane, amagundane, kanye nonogwaja abancane.

UKUFINYELELA KULWAZI. UNYAZI LOKHO.

• Izilwane zasendle ezidla inyama zifaka izilwane zasolwandle ezincane kunazo zonke ezisolondekile - igundane lasemanzini, kanye nesilwane esidla izindwani esikhulu kunazo zonke esake sahlala eTasmania - impisi yase-marsupial, eyayibukeka njengeyizilwane eziqhamuka emndenini wezimpisi. Namuhla, impisi yase-marsupial ibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezingapheli.
• Abokufika bokuqala baseYurophu babiza ama-quoll ikati lendawo, ngoba lalikhumbuza ikati lasekhaya laseYurophu. Ngempela, ama-marsupial martens afana namakati.

IZIPHUMA ZESIQINISEKISO SESIQINISO. ISIHLOKO

Umbala: eguqukayo: ngisho nobuso obuvela kudoti ofanayo bunokuba nemibala ehlukene. Imvamisa, izilwane zinombala onsundu ngombala, kepha zingaba mnyama, zibe namabala amhlophe nampunga.

Uboya: ithambile, iminyene futhi imfushane.

Claws: ngosizo lwezimpondo ezibukhali anazo emilenzeni yakhe, u-quoll ukhwela izihlahla kahle.

Umsila: ngaphandle kwamabala, ichopho layo livame ukupendwe limhlophe.

- Indawo yokuhlala ye-Habitat marten

LAPHO UKUPHILA

IKwall itholakala kakhulu eTasmania, kanye nasezindaweni eziningana zaseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Australia.

UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA

Yize i-corolla eTasmania imningi impela, inani labantu abahlala ezwekazini lase-Australia liyehla ngokushesha. Izikelemu zeMarsupial zibhujiswa ngabalimi abasola ukuthi ziqothula izinkukhu.

Ukuchazwa kanye nezici zesibalo

Incazelo I-Kvollov ingaqala ngeqiniso lokuthi lesi silwane sivame ukuqhathaniswa ne-ferret, marten noma i-mongoose - futhi ngokweqiniso, ukufana okuvamile kwangaphandle kukhona nesinye salezi zilwane.

Igama lesiNgisi elithi quoll lisho "ikati lendabuko yasempumalanga" - noma kunjalo, ingaqhathaniswa nekati kuphela ngosayizi wayo omncane.

Ngempela, isisindo esiphezulu sabesilisa singamakhilogremu amabili, kwabesifazane - ngisho nangaphansi, cishe ikhilogremu e-1, futhi ubude bomzimba, ngokwesilinganiso, ngamasentimitha angama-40.

Esithombeni, inyamazana yezilwane

Umsila we-quoll mude impela, kusuka ku-17 kuya ku-25 amasentimitha, embozwe ngoboya. Ama-paws afushane kunalokho, imilenze yangemuva inamandla kakhulu futhi iqinile kunangaphambili. Isibalo sisincane, sikhombe ekhaleni, sinamadlebe amfishane ayindilinga.

Ijazi lithambile kakhulu, linosilika, liminyene. Umbala wayo uhlukahluka kusuka kokuphuzi okukhanyayo kuya kokucishe kube mnyama, kube namabala amancane amhlophe namakhulu amhlophe asakazeka emhlane.

Isici esiyingqayizivele sokwakheka kwalapho kukhona khona esiswini sowesifazane sephakeji elincane elibushelelezi, elakhiwa emphethweni wesikhumba. Esimweni esijwayelekile, kucishe kungabonakali, kepha lapho insikazi ilungiselela ukubonakala kwamathole, iphakethe (noma isikhwama semifantu) likhuphuka ngosayizi, futhi izingono zibonakala.

Iphakethe linesakhiwo esijabulisayo - livula hhayi njengamanye ama-marsupials, isibonelo, i-kangaroo, kodwa emuva emsileni, ukuze izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zibe nethuba lokushesha ukufaka futhi zinamathele kunina ngemuva nje kokuzalwa.

Kunezinhlobo ezi-6 ze-marsupial marten ezaziwayo:

• brindle
• mfishane
• UGeoffrey marsupial marten,
• IGinean entsha
• ukubethelwa kwe-brs marsupial,
• i-quart ye-marten enamachashazi.

Esikhulu kunazo zonke yi-tiger marsupial marten, isisindo esiphakathi kwalezi zilwane cishe ngamakhilogremu amahlanu. Bheka i-quolla hhayi kuphela esithombeni - muva nje, izilwane zilethwe eMoo Zoo yaseMoscow, lapho zivela khona eLeipzig - lapho zisebenza ngokuzalanisa lezi zilwane ekudingisweni, futhi seziqale ngempumelelo ukuzalanisa.

13.07.2018

Izikhulu noma marten emfushane marten (Dasyurus viverrinus) wanyamalala ngokuphelele endaweni ephakeme yase-Australia ngawo-1960, asinda esiqhingini saseTasmania kuphela.

Kwake kwenzeka isikhashana, ama-angles ayesakazeka eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Australia, kodwa ubhubhane olungaziwa, ukuqothulwa okungalawulwa ngabazingeli kanye nokubhujiswa komnotho kwezindawo ababehlala kuzo kwaholela ekutheni le nhlobo icishe inyamalale. Izikelemu zeMarsupial nazo zaqothulwa yizimpungushe, izinja, namakati alethwa eGreen Continent ngekhulu lama-20.

NgoMashi walo nyaka, kwenziwa umzamo e-Australia wokuphinda wenze kabusha (uphinde uqalise inani labantu) i-corolla futhi Izikhulu ezingama-20 ezinamagqabi zakhishwa eBooderee National Park Reserve eningizimu yeSydney.

Muva nje kuye kwaziwa ukuthi abesifazane abathathu kulaba bantu bazala amawundlu futhi manje bawathwala ezikhwameni zabo esiswini esingezansi. Okokuqala nje, lokhu kusho ukuthi amaKwoll ayethanda izimo zokuhlala endaweni yokubhuka. Ipaki Yezwe iBooderee, okusho ukuthi kunethemba lokuthi ngokuzayo kungazalelwa amawundlu amaningi lapho futhi nomzamo wokuphinda uqhamuke uzophumelela.

E-Australia, lesi yisibonelo sokuqala esiphumelelayo sokuvuselelwa kabusha kwezilwane zasendle, futhi amalungiselelo aqhubeka. Iminyaka eyi-15.

Kwisilwane ngasinye esikhishwe ku-reservation, kwakugqokwa ikholaji ye-GPS futhi abanakekeli bangakwazi noma kunini ukulandelela lapho kutholakala khona izilwane ezingandile.

Uma othile evela kwall eshiya insimu yalesi sihlalo futhi elibangise ezindaweni zokuhlala abantu noma imigwaqo, bebeyobe bemthole bese bembuyisela.

Ama-kvoll ayizilwane ezincane ezinkulukazi lekati elincane, kuyaqabukela zinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-1.5 kg, futhi angeqi ku-60 cm ubude (ngomsila). Isikhumba sabo esimnyama noma esinsundu simbozwe namabala amhlophe, futhi ngokubukeka okujwayelekile izixhumi zifana nesiphambano phakathi konogwaja ne-kangaroos (kvokki) emfishane.

Kaningi, i-quoll iqhathaniswa ne-ferrets, ama-martens noma ama-mongooses, futhi ngokweqiniso, ngokubukeka kwalezi zilwane ungathola izici zesilwane ngasinye kulezi.

Ama-kvoll ahola indlela yokuphila yobusuku, futhi ngesikhathi sasemini afihla imisele, imigodi yamatshe noma imigodi yezihlahla. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isilwane ngasinye sinezindawo zokukhosela eziningana, sisuka kwenye indawo siye kwesinye.

Ama-kvoll akhetha indlela yokuphila eyedwa futhi ahlangane nabalingani kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala. Vikela insimu yabo ekuhlaselweni abafowabo ngokukhala kakhulu nangokukhala.

Ama-kvoll adla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, izinyoni namagundane, kepha kwesinye isikhathi awadeleli ukukhetha i-carrion. Futhi dlela ngokuzithandela izithelo, amajikijolo, amahlumela amasha namaqabunga.

Abesifazane bazala izingane zabo cishe amasonto amathathu. Zizalwa zincanyana futhi zingasizi ngalutho - ngo-0.5 cm ngosayizi futhi zinesisindo semililitha eziningana!

Isakhiwo esithandekayo sinesikhwama se-brood se-quoll yowesifazane - ayivuli njengezilwane eziningi ezi-marsupial, njenge-kangaroo, kepha ibuyela emsileni ukuze izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zingene ngokushesha esikhwameni bese zinamathela kumama.

Imvamisa kuzalwa izingane ezi-4 kuye kwezingu-8, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zingaba ngaphezu kweshumi nambili. Amaviki okuqala angama-8-10, amawundlu akhula esikhwameni sikamama, bese edlulela emuva kwakhe.

Amawundlu ezingane aqala ukuzimela ngokuzimela athola ukudla eneminyaka eyi-4-5 izinyanga, kuthi ngonyaka abe esekhulile kwezocansi. Baningi kakhulu abancane abasanda kushiya umama wabo abafela endle.

Abalimi base-Australia isikhathi eside babebabheka njengezinambuzane, bedonsa izinkukhu zamankukhu futhi baqothulwa ngesihluku. UKvall wayengasiqonda isiphetho seTilacin ebhujiswe ngokuphelele - impisi yaseTasmanian marsupial, uma kungenjalo ngenani labantu abasindile eTasmania ephithizela kakhulu.

Manje izinhlobo zohlu zibhalwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN enesimo esithi "Esimweni esiseduze nesisongelwayo."

Ngale ndlela, ama-quoll akahlali emahlathini kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemadlelweni, ezintabeni ezinezintaba nasezigodini zemifula. Lezi zilwane zichitha iningi lempilo yazo emhlabeni, zigibela izihlahla ngokungabaza, akusebenzi kahle kuzo.

Lezi yizilwane ezisengozini futhi zasendle ziphila ngokwesilinganiso kusuka eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwemi-5. Kwe-zoo kwesinye isikhathi bahlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-7.

Indlela yokuphila yeKvoll nendawo yokuhlala

Iningi lezinhlobo zama-quoll livela e-Australia nase Tasmania; eNew Guinea, kuhlala amakhefu nama-New Guinean marsupials. Ngeshwa, e-Australia, izingcingo, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, cishe azizange zisinde - iningi lezilwane lihlala endaweni yesiqhingi saseTasmania.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, amanani abo ancishiswa kakhulu ngenxa yezifo eziwumshayabhuqe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngekhulu leminyaka eledlule, isitoko sezindali sachithwa ngabalimi ngokungenela kwabo ezinkukhu nasemvundwini.

Kuze kube manje, wonke ama-quoll ase-Australia abhalwe ku-International Red Book njengasondele esimweni esisengcupheni. Kwenziwa imizamo yokubuyisa amanani alezi zilwane ezidla izambane likapondo.

I-quoll iyahlala hhayi emahlathini kuphela, kutholakala emadlelweni nasezintabeni ezinezintaba, ezindaweni ezinamathuna nasezigodini zemifula, ezindaweni ezinamagquma. Kwake kwenzeka isikhashana, amakhandlela ahlala ngentokozo ngisho nasophahleni lwezindlu ezizimele.

Kvoll - isilwane ngobusuku. Esikhathini sasemini icasha emashalofini, okuyizimbobo zezihlahla, imigodi yamatshe noma imigodi, futhi iyazingela ebusuku. Iqiniso elimangalisayo - isilo ngasinye, njengomthetho, sinemigodi eminingana ngasikhathi sinye, "sisuka" ngokuphenduka sisuka kwesinye siye kwesinye.

Ngenxa yama-paws athuthukiswe kahle nomsila omude oguqukayo, ummbila we-marsupial ukhwela izihlahla kahle, noma kunjalo, ayithandi ukukwenza ngokweqile, ukhetha indlela esekwe ezweni - izilwane zigijima ngokushesha futhi zigxume kahle. Lesi yisilo esisebenza kakhulu, esijwayelekile futhi esisheshayo.

UKwall ungumnikazi wama-mink amaningi ngasikhathi sinye

Ama-kvoll awahlali ngamaqembu - ngokwemvelo yawo angashadile, ngalinye ligada ngentshiseko insimu yalo ngezwi elikhulu nangokukhamuluka. Ama-Quoll atholakala kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala.

Abaqhudelanayo abaphambili be-marsupial martens ngamakati asendle, izinja nezimpungushe, ezihlala zihlasela izilwane emzabalazweni wokudla, zizikhiphe ezindaweni zazo. Ama-Quoll ajwayele ukuba yizisulu zikasathane kaTasmanian - isihlobo sakhe esiseduze.

Umsoco

Ama-kvoll acishe abe amnandi kakhulu: izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni namaqanda ezinyoni, ezihuquzelayo, zingaba isisulu sazo, ngeke kube nzima ngazo ukubulala izinkukhu.

I-quoll ayizideleli izidumbu, izinsalela zokungondleki zokudla ezivela kwezinye izinyamazane. Izilwane azidli nje ngokudla kwezilwane kuphela - ngeke zikwazi ukudla amahlumela aluhlaza otshani, amaqabunga, izithelo ezivuthiwe namajikijolo.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Isikhathi sokushada kwama-Kvoll siqala ebusika - lesi isikhathi sikaMeyi-Agasti. Owesilisa uthola owesimame ngephunga - umaka ngokuqondile indawo, ashiye imnandi. Abesilisa ngesikhathi sokuzala banolaka, balwa ngokungenacala nabancintisana, futhi bangabulala lowesifazane. Ekupheleni kwemidlalo yezithandani sezikhathele kakhulu.

Insikazi ithwala amathole cishe amasonto amathathu. Bazalwa bancane, bangama-5mm kuphela ubude futhi enesisindo semiligremu eziningana. Kusukela ku-4 kuya ku-8 amawundlu azalwa, kepha mhlawumbe izithandani ezimbalwa.

Izinga lokusinda kwamawundlu ngokuqondile lincike ekutheni ngubani owakwazi kuqala ukunamathela ezingonyeni - owesimame kuphela une-6. Esikhwameni, imvuthuluka ikhula cishe amasonto angama-8-9, bese kuba yimizamo yokuqala yokushiya umama noma ijikeleze, inamathele emhlane wakhe, iqale.

Esithombeni, ama-quoll namawundlu

Bafunda ukuzitholela ukudla kwabo eduze kwezinyanga ezi-4-5, endaweni ethile ngasikhathi sinye bayeke ukudla ubisi lukamama. Ekuqaleni kwempilo ehlukile, ama-quels asemancane kakhulu avame ukufa. Ngonyaka amathole akhula ekugcineni, asekhulile.

I-Kvoll - izilwane ezisengozini, ngokwemvelo azihlali isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngokwesilinganiso cishe iminyaka engama-3-5. Ekuthunjweni, zima kahle futhi zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-7.

Umnotho

Igama lesiRussia -Imotupial Marten (isibalo)

Igama lesi Latin - I-Dasyurus viverrinus

Igama lesiNgisi -I-Quoll yaseMpumalanga (ikati lendabuko laseMpumalanga)

Ukuhlonza - Ama-marsupials we-Predatory (Dasyuromorphia)

Umndeni - Ama-marsupials we-Predatory (Dasyu idae)

Umusa - I-Sparsot Marsupial Marten (Dasyurus)

Igama lesiLatini lwale nhlobo, i-Viverrinus dasyurus, lihumusha ngokuthi "isilwane esifana ne-Ferret enomsila we-fluffy".

Isimo sezinhlobo ngokwemvelo

Izinhlobo zilotshwe ku-International Red Book eduze nendawo ezisengozini ye-UICN (Eduze esongelwa).

Kuvikelwe umthetho wobumbano, yize esifundazweni saseTasmania, lapho le nhlobo isavame kakhulu khona, umthetho wokuvikelwa kwayo ungakaveli.

Izitha eziyinhloko zama-quoll zingamakati aphambukayo, ancintisana nawo ngokudla nokudla indawo yemalupupial kusuka endaweni yazo evamile. Ukuhlaselwa yizinja, ukufa ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto, ukuzingela okungekho emthethweni kusetshenziswa izithiyo ezinobuthi nezicupho nakho kunomthelela ekwehlekeni kwesibalo sezinhlobo. Noma kunjalo, izimbangela zokuqothulwa kwale martk enamachaphaza ezwekazini i-Australia azikacaci ngokuphelele. I-biology yezinhlobo zezilwane ifundwe kahle, kepha akunakushiwo okufanayo ngezifo zalezi zilwane. Ukuqubuka kwezifo ngonyaka ka 1901-1903 kwaholela, phakathi kokunye, ukwehla okukhulu kwenani lezinhlobo.

Mhlawumbe eTasmania, izinhlobo zasindiswa ekunyamalaleni ngokuphelele kweqiniso lokuthi kulesisimo azikho izidleke nezimpungushe.

Engxenyeni yezwekazi lase-Australia (Nielsen Park ezindaweni ezingaphansi kweSydney Waucluse), ikhophi lokugcina lama-quoll ebonakalayo (eshayiswe yimoto yabulawa) lamukelwa ngoJanuwari 31, 1963. Kuze kube ngu-1999INational Environmental Protection Service ibike kaningi ukuthi babona izilwane eduze kwaseSydney, kepha le mininingwane ayibhalwanga. Iziqu ezibanjwe entshonalanga neMelbourne (Victoria) cishe zihlobene nesikhungo sokucwaninga ngemvelo esiseduze - lezi kungaba yizilwane eziphunyuke kulesi sikhungo, noma ezizukulwaneni zazo. Ngo-2015, iqembu elincane lama-quoll lakhishwa ukuze lisebenze kabusha endaweni evikelwe ngaseCanberra (izwekazi).

Buka futhi ndoda

Ukuchazwa kokuqala kuka-marten onamachashaza avela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 futhi kwanikezwa ngumhambi uJacob Cook.

Ngemuva kokukhiqizwa ikoloni e-Australia, ama-quoll aqala ukuzingela izinkukhu, onogwaja, futhi yize amagundane namagundane nawo ayeyizisulu zawo, abalimi basawaqothula ngokucekela phansi izindlu. Ngaphansi kweminyaka eyikhulu edlule, emuva ngawo-1930s, ama-marsupial marts awamabala ayevame ukuba izivakashi ezingadini zabantu base-Australia futhi ayehlala ngisho namakamelo emizi yasemakhaya.

Manje bazama ukonga amaKvoll futhi bawabuyisele ezindaweni ababehlala kuzo muva nje.

Ukusatshalaliswa nezindawo zokuhlala

Ama-kvoll atholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu kanye nenani elikhulu lemvula ngonyaka: emahlathini emvula amvula, ezigodini zemifula. ETasmania, ama-angles atholakala emahlathini angavamile, amahlathi, izihlahla, amadlelo, kanye nama-biotopes aguqukayo ahlukahlukene, ngaphandle kwamahlathi omanzi asendaweni eshisayo. Ifika ezindaweni ezinamanzi amdaka, imithambeka ye-alpine, izihlahla ezimanzi nezindawo zokubhukuda ze-moss, endaweni ephakeme ukusuka ezingeni lolwandle kuya kumamitha ayi-1,500.

Esikhathini esedlule, lezi zinhlobo zazihlala eTasmania nase-Australia yezwekazi - kubandakanya neNingizimu Melika (ukusuka empumalanga yaseningizimu yeFlinders Ridge kuya kwiFleurie peninsula), izifunda zaseVictoria neNew South Wales kuya maphakathi nogu olusenyakatho. Njengamanje, ibanga lehlisiwe, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, ngo-50-90%. Njengamanje, ama-quels asendle ahlala eTasmania kuphela naseziqhingini zaseBruni oLwandle iTasman (lapho le nhlobo yethulwa khona). E-Tasmania, ama-corolla ajwayelekile impela, kepha ngisho nalapho, ukusatshalaliswa kwawo kugxile kakhulu emvelweni.

Ukubukeka

I-Kvoll isilwane esincane, usayizi wayo siqhathaniswa nekati. Akumangazi ukuthi igama elijwayelekile lesiNgisi lalezi zinhlobo lihunyushwe: "ikati lendabuko lasempumalanga." Ubukhulu bomzimba wabesilisa bungamasentimitha angama-32-45, izinsikazi zincane kancane - cm ezingama-28- 40. ubude bomsila wesilisa abesilisa buyi-20-28 cm, kwabesifazane kusuka ku-17 kuya ku-24 cm. Abesilisa nabo baba nesisindo kancane ngaphezulu: ukusuka ku-0.9 kuya ku-2 kg, ke njengesisindo sabesifazane kusuka ku-0.7 kuya ku-1,1 kg.

Lezi yizilwane ezinomzimba omude, imilenze emifushane. Ezingalweni ezinezintambo ezine, kufakwe iminwe yokuqala, ehlukanisa izinqolobane zezinye izilwane zasolwandle ezinamabala. Ikhanda lincane, libumbeke ngesigaxa esikhombe nezindlebe eziqondile eziqondile.

Umbala woboya obukhulu obuthuthukile ungahluka, usuka ocishe ube mnyama ngokukhanya. Kunokuhluka kwemibala emibili: enye ilula, iphuzi ngokuphuzi ngesisu esimhlophe, enye imnyama, icishe ibe mnyama, inesisu esinsundu. Umbala okhanyayo uvame kakhulu, kepha kwilitha elilodwa, amawundlu angenziwa ngombala ohlukile. Noma ngabe umbala uboya bunjani, iphethini esesimweni sezindawo ezimhlophe ezinobubanzi obungu-5 kuya ku-20 mm ihlakazeka emzimbeni wonke, ngaphandle komsila. Umsila mude, u-fluffy, onesihloko esimhlophe.

Izinsikazi zinephakeji elingashoni ngokugcotshwa ngoboya obakhiwe ngamaqhubu esikhumba. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, iphakethe liyanda, izingono ezi-6 noma ezi-8 zibonakala ngaphakathi, ezinwebekile futhi ziqale ukusebenza kuphela uma ithole linamathele kulo. Ngemuva kokuthi amawundlu ashiye isikhwama, izingono ziphinde zinciphe ngosayizi.

Indlela Yokuphila Nokuziphatha Komphakathi

Ama-kvoll akhetha ukuhlala yedwa. Lezi yizilwane ezidla ebusuku ezizingela emhlabathini futhi ngokujwayelekile, yize zigibela izihlahla kahle, zinethuba lokusheqa nxazonke.

Ama-quoll wesikhathi sasemini asebenzisa imigodi, imigodi phakathi kwamatshe noma izimbobo zesihlahla. Imisele yazo ilula, ngaphandle kwamagatsha nokuphuma kwesibili, yize kwesinye isikhathi kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kunegumbi elilodwa noma ngaphezulu lezidleke eliboshwe ngotshani. I-Quoll ngayinye inezimbobo eziningana, imvamisa ingekho ngaphezulu kwesihlanu, futhi izisebenzisa ngasikhathi sinye.

Izilwane zizama ukugwetselana, yize kwesinye isikhathi abaphenyi bezithola ngababili abesifazane besifazane abavuthiwe ngokobulili. Iziza zomuntu ngamunye zinkulu futhi ziba ngamahektare angama-35 kwabesifazane namahektha angama-44 kwabesilisa, futhi ngesikhathi sokukhwelana indawo yabesilisa inyuka ngokumangazayo. Abanikazi bamaka imingcele yendawo ngamamaki.

Abantu abadala bethusa njengabafokazi ngokubaphatha kabi nangokwenza imisindo ehlukahlukene. Uma ngesizathu esithile isivakashi esingamenyiwe singahambi masisha, umniniyo usuka ezindleleni zokuvimbela ukuba ahlasele - ekhuphuka aze afike emilenzeni yakhe yangemuva, uxosha izitha futhi uzama ukukuluma.

Ukuzala nokukhulisa inzalo

Ama-Kwoll azalaniswa ekuqaleni kobusika, kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa okuhlala izinsuku ezingama-20- 24 (ngokwesilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-21), insikazi ibeletha amazinyane angama-4-8. Imfucumfucu kwesinye isikhathi inezinhlobo ezingama-30

Kodwa-ke, unezingono ezi-6 kuphela esikhwameni sakhe, ngakho-ke kuphela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ezisindayo - labo abakwazile ukufika esikhwameni babambe izingono kuqala. Ngemuva kwamaviki ayisishiyagalombili, amawundlu ashiya isikhwama futhi isikhathi sokuzingela izintokazi ziphephela emgodini. Uma kunesidingo, insikazi ibathwala emhlane wakhe. Eminyakeni eyi-10 yamasonto, izingane zishiya isikhwama, bese insikazi izishiya emgodini onotshani noma emgodini ongashoni, bese iqala ukuhamba iyofuna noma ifuna ukudla. Uma ngasizathu simbe udinga ukuyela komunye umgodi, insikazi ithwala amabhele emhlane wakhe.

Eminyakeni izinyanga ezinhlanu, ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba, lapho kunokudla okwanele, abantu abasha baqala ukudla bebodwa. Ngenkathi insikazi inakekela izingane, izinga lokufa kwazo liphansi impela. Kodwa-ke, izilwane ezikhulayo ziyahlakazeka, futhi ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila okuzimele, abaningi bayafa.

IKvolla ifinyelela ukuvuthwa ngasekupheleni konyaka wokuqala.

Isilwane eMoses Zoo

E-zoo yaseMoscow, izinkamba ezibizwa ngama-marten ezibonakala zisanda kuvela, ngonyaka ka-2015. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kwakungekho corolla kunoma iyiphi zoos yaseRussia.

Ukuze usindise ama-marsupial marsupial martens ekuqothulweni, kwanqunywa ukuba kuzame ukufunda ukuthi ungazigcina kanjani futhi zizale ekudingisweni. Lokhu kwenziwa ngabezazi zezilwane endaweni yasekhaya yeLeipzig (Germany). Umsebenzi wabo wathweswa umqhele ngempumelelo - ama-corollas abo avame ukuzala futhi azizwe emuhle. Eminyakeni eminingana eyedlule, abasebenzi bethu babeseLeipzig, futhi bazithanda kakhulu lezi zindawo zokuhlala ezinhle kangangokuba baqala ukuthola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi bazithole eMoses Zoo. Kwakungelula. Ngempela, ukuze uqhubeke phambili ngokugcina uhlobo oluthile lwesilwane, i-zoo kumele iqale ikhombise ukuthi iyakwazi ukudala zonke izimo ezidingekayo kuyo. Ngokuqondene nama-quoll, lawo, ngokwesibonelo, kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi angephuli umthetho wokukhanya wobuntu base-Australia, ngoba uma kungenjalo izintokazi zezinhlobo zalolu hlobo ziyayeka ukuzalanisa. I-zoo yaseMoscow ikwazile ukufeza zonke izidingo zozakwabo baseJalimane, futhi yabekwa emgqeni: sasikude kuphela nabantu abafaka izicelo zalezi zilwane ezingafani nolwandle, ngoba ngaphezu kweLeipzig, ama-corollas asemuva atholakala ezilwaneni ezimbalwa zaseYurophu. Okwamanje azikaze zilethwe ezweni lethu, futhi iMoo Zoo yaseMoscow yaba ngowokuqala phakathi kwazo zonke izindawo zaseRussia ukuthola ama-marten angama-mart.

UKvola wafika ngoJuni 2015. Futhi izingcezu eziyisithupha! Abesilisa nabesilisa nabesifazane abane, oyedwa wabo osekuphele iminyaka yobudala futhi akakwazanga ukubamba iqhaza ekuzaleni. Lapho izilwane zifika eMoscow, isikhathi sazo sokuzala sasisondela. Kodwa kusimangaze ukuthi, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, ukuqoshwa kokubhalwa phansi kuqoshwe, ngoba ama-marsupial martens angahlala amahora amaningi, ngakho-ke akunakuba nzima kubasebenzi bezilwane ezihlola izilwane ezifuywayo njalo ukuze zikubone. Ngesikhathi sokuphola, owesilisa obambe izinyawo zakhe ngaphambili ubambe insikazi ngaseceleni, abambe amazinyo lapho ebuna, aqine kangangokuba le ntokazi ivele ngaphandle kwentamo yakhe futhi ikwazi nokwakha isilonda esincane (kozakwabo base-Australia lokhu kuwuphawu lokuthi ukukhula komzimba kuphumelele). Ngemuva kokukhwelana, satshala insikazi ngokwehlukana ukuze kungabikho muntu ozomhlukumeza. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kuma-quoll asempumalanga yizinsuku ezingama-20- 24, njengakuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala, amathole azalwa ngosayizi we-5 mm kuphela nesisindo esingu-12,5 mg. Ngandlela thile, lawa “acishe aqokwa” ayakwazi ukungena esikhwameni sikanina eyedwa. Futhi ngoJulayi sabona amathole esivele esikhwameni! Babemincane kakhulu kangangokuba ekuqaleni kwesikhwama, besaba ukuhlukumeza umama omncane isikhathi eside, asikwazanga nokubala. Ngemuva kwalokho kwavela ukuthi kwakukhona amawundlu amahlanu, amanye awo amnyama, kanti amanye ansundu (oku akumangazi, ngoba umama wawo onsundu kanti noyise umnyama). Imibungu ingaba nemibungu efinyelela kwangama-30, kepha njengoba insikazi inezingono eziyisithupha kuphela, ayikwazi ukondla izingane ezingekho ngaphezu kweziyisithupha. Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi lawa mawundlu kuphela asindayo okwaziyo ukuba ngabokuqala ukufika esikhwameni sikamama. Ngayinye yazo inamathiselwe engxenyeni yayo futhi ihlala esikhwameni cishe izinsuku ezingama-60-65. Uwoyela ezinganeni uvela ezinsukwini ezingama-51-59, amehlo evulekile ezinsukwini ezingama-79-80, amazinyo aqala ukuqhuma cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-90. Kusukela ezinsukwini ezingama-85, lapho amawundlu esevele embozwe ngokuphelele izinwele, kepha esencike kunina, aqala ukuphuma naye ekuzingeleni ebusuku. Ngasikhathi sinye, zivame ukunamathela emuva kowesifazane, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuhlangana kokunyakaza kwazo kuthuthuka, bese bezimela kakhulu. Eminyakeni engu-105 yezinsuku, amawundlu aqala ukudla ukudla okuqinile, kepha insikazi iyaqhubeka nokubondla ubisi izinsuku ezingama-150-165. Emvelweni, ukushona kwezinsizwa kuphansi kakhulu, ngenkathi zihlala nonina, kepha zanda kakhulu ezinyangeni ezi-6 zokuqala zokuphila kwazo okuzimele. Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala, ama-corvid amasha avuthwa ngokocansi. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sabo sokuphila sifushane kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa nezilwane ezincelisayo ezinobukhulu obufanayo. Emaoos, ama-marsupial martens aphila iminyaka engama-5-7, kepha emvelweni aphila ngaphezu kuka-3-4. Ngakho-ke, abesifazane besifazane abaneminyaka engu-1-2 yobudala bavame ukubamba iqhaza ekuzaleni (eneminyaka engu-3 ubudala sebevele babhekwa njengabadala).

Manje wonke amazinyane ethu amahlanu asevele abukeka njengabantu abadala. Baqala ukugcwala - yize bethemba kuphela labo bantu ababondlayo. Manje ekubonisweni ku "Night World" ungabona abesilisa abathathu abesilisa abasebenza kakhulu.

Sikunikeza inkondlo ebekelwe ukuqothulwa yimbongi yase-Australia uDavid Wonsbrough wase-Australia's Living Alphabet.

IMarten marsupial KVOLL iyi-aristocrat enkulu.

Wayethanda ukuthi azitholele indawo lapho ayekuthokozela ukuhlala khona.

Uhlala eVaucluse *, ngokuya ngohlelo lonke oluhlanganisiwe **.

Kepha izikhathi sezishintshile - futhi yeka indlela impilo eye yaba yimbi ngayo!

Kuzungeze amakati adukile, kanye nokuqala kobumnyama

Kunezimoto eziningi kakhulu lapho uKwall esenkingeni:

“Lokho kubukeka kuzongidlala njengebhola ebholeni.

Futhi la makati amabi - kahle, yeka isidalwa, ngaphandle kwesikhwama!

Woza lapha, izincazelo nje. ”

UKoll ububula ngokudabukisayo: “Umqondo wami ulula:

Nginovalo lokuthi izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zizokonakalisa lo mbabazane! ”

* I-Vaucluse iyisifunda eSydney, lapho ngawo-1960s, ama-quoll asahlangana.