Ngaphansi kwe-kestrel - ubude bomzimba angu-28- 33 cm, isisindo esingu-130-190 g. I-Wingspan cm engu-75 cm. Iziduna zinsundu nge-mlomo obomvu nangotshani obomvu bemilenze. Owesifazane udideka kalula ngengulule, kodwa futhi unenqwaba ebomvu emilenzeni, ekhanda elibomvu kanye nomqhele okhanyayo. Izinyoni ezincane zinomqhele okhanyayo. I-falcon inamaphiko amade nemivimbo ehlukile eguqukayo emsileni. Le nyoni ekhohlisayo futhi ethanda ukuba ndawonye.

Ihlala emaqeleni, emahlathini-emaphethelweni, ezindaweni eziphansi nasemagqumeni. Akahlali emahlathini.

Ihlala ezindlini zamakholoni, imvamisa ikhetha izindawo lapho kwakukade khona amakoloni. Insikazi iqala ukubeka amaqanda ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Bobabili abazali bafaka amaqanda ama-ocher angama-3-4 anemisinga eminyene emnyama namabala ansundu, futhi insikazi yenza lokhu ebusuku nangaphambi kokuba kubonakale amachwane. Ukushayisana kuqhume emva kwezinsuku ezingama-28. Ngemuva kokubukeka kwazo, owesilisa udlulisa ukudla kowesifazane esidlekeni, futhi uyedlulisela kumachwane. Amachwane akhula ngokweqile noma asebephuze kakhulu ahlala efa ngoba ukudla kunikezwa kakhulu lawo amachwane anamandla ngokwengeziwe.

Zidla izinambuzane ezinkulu (izintethe, udrako), amagundane nezibungu.

I-Ara parrot

Ukuchazwa kwenyoni

I-Kobchik iyi-falcon encane enobukhulu, okulingana kwayo nendlela yokuphila kufana ne-kestrel, kepha kuhluke ngayo ngamaphiko amancanyana. Ubude benyoni buqhamuka ku-28 kuya ku-33 cm, ubude bamaphiko buyi-23-35 cm, amaphiko asuka ku-65 kuye ku-77 cm, isisindo sisukela ku-130 kuya ku-1977. Uqhwaku lufushane futhi alibuthakathaka.

I-Plumage

I-plumage yeduna imnyama grey-grey (icishe ibe mnyama) ngombala onesitayile obomvu ngokubomvu wezitini, umsila ongaphansi kanye “namabhulukwe”. Owesifazane ubukeka ngombala onsomi ngemisho emnyama, amaphiko kanye nomsila, isisu sayo sihlotshiswe ngemoto ende, kanti “amadevu” amnyama ayabonakala ebusweni bakhe. Ukukhula okuncane kupendiwe ngombala onsundu ngesisu esikhanyayo esimbozwe ngemoto ezinde. Izinyawo, i-waxen kanye ne-peri-ocular ring emadodeni abomvu namawolintshi, kuphuzi ngezinyoni ezincane. Izinzipho zimhlophe qwa. Iris imnyama nsundu.

Okudingayo

Izilwane ezincelisayo, njengazo zonke izinyoni ezidla inyama, zithanda ukudla kwezilwane. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obunesizotha, la makhosi amancanyana adla izinyamazane ezinkulu, njengamahloka noma amabhungane amakhulu. Ezindaweni zazo zobusika, ezise-Afrika, izinyoni zidla izinkumbi ngokulangazela.

Uma, ngasizathu simbe, izinambuzane zingekho endaweni yezinyoni, izinyoni ziqala ukuzingela izinduku ezincane. Ezimweni ezinjalo, impungushe encane idla kakhulu amagundane, futhi futhi yengeza izibankwa nezinyoka ezincane ekudleni kwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ondlunkulu, futhi ezimweni ezingandile, ngisho nezinyoni ezinkulu ezinjengejuba, baba inyamazane yempungushe.

Igama lezinhlobo zesiLatini ze-falcon elithi "vespertinus" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "kusihlwa", nokho, le nyoni izingela ikakhulukazi emini, phakathi nosuku.

Ukuziphatha kokudla kwe-falcon akugcini nje ngokungalimazi izilimo zezolimo, kodwa, kunalokho, kusiza ekutholeni izitshalo eziningi, ngoba i-falcon encane izobhubhisa izinambuzane, amabhungane, isikhonyane, futhi i-falcon ayizivumeli izinyoni ezidonsa izilimo.

Ama-falcons agcinwa ekudingisweni, futhi ngasikhathi sinye afisa ngendlela efanayo nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla inyama. Ekhaya, abesilisa bakhululekile ngoba bacishe babe ngama-omnivorous futhi bajwayele kalula izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla.

Bahlala kuphi

Indawo enkulu yokusatshalaliswa kwe-falcon yi-Eurasian bush-steppe, eqala eMpumalanga Yurophu kanye neNhlonhlo yeBalkan entshonalanga kuze kufike esifundeni iVilyui River, uMfula iLena kanye nogu lweLake Baikal empumalanga. Ngasempumalanga kuhlala izinhlobo ezihlobene ne-falcon encane - i-Amur falcon encane.

Imidlwane izinyoni ezifudukayo. Ebusika, athuthela eningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika, futhi eningizimu ye-Asia. Indiza ihlala yenziwa emhlambini omkhulu, ngokungafani nabanye abamele umndeni we-falcon.

Abesilisa abajwayelekile bavame ukudlela izidleke ezilahliwe zamagwababa noma izinyamazane, okuvamisile ukungabi semigodini, emakhaleni nasezinkalweni. Izinyoni zakha amakoloni amakhulu anamabili ngazimbili. Kusukela ezindaweni zobusika babuyela ngoMeyi, bese bemuka ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Abafuyi bezinyawo ezinobomvu bazala sekwephuzile, njengoba isikhathi sokudlekwa kwabo sihlobene kakhulu nesikhathi sokuzalela isikhonyane nezinye izinambuzane.

I-Amur noma i-Oriental, Redfin (Falco amurensis)

Ngokuya ngosayizi nangendlela yokuphila, izinhlobo zinikhumbuza kakhulu umugqa ojwayelekile, kepha zihlukile kuwo ngensini. I-Amur kobchik ipendiwe ngamathoni alula; isici sayo esihlukile siyizihlathi ezimhlophe ezikhanyayo. Ingoma yenyoni nayo imhlophe, inabala. Emadodeni, ingaphansi lamaphiko imhlophe ngokwebala. Abesifazane nabancane banenhloko emnyama engwevu enentamo emhlophe nesihlathi. Izimpaphe emilenzeni nangaphansi kwensila yomsila nazo zimhlophe.

Izinhlobo ngokusho kwegama zandile eMpumalanga Ekude (enyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina, empumalanga yeMongolia, North Korea). E-Russia, le nyoni itholakala eTransbaikalia, esifundeni i-Amur nasePrimorye. Ebusika, njenge-falcon ejwayelekile, ithuthela eningizimu ye-Afrika, kanti izinyoni ezindiza cishe ngamakhilomitha ayi-10,000.

Isisekelo sokudla kwe-Amur kobchik izinambuzane. Le nyoni idla ezihlahleni noma emigodini. Impilo yonke, ukhetha ukukhetha ihlathi lesitebhisi, ingaphandle lezindawo eziphakemeyo, lapho kunendawo yokuhlangana ngezindiza khona kanye nokutholakala kokudla.

Owesilisa nowesifazane: umehluko omkhulu

I-dimorphism yezocansi ku-falcon iboniswa ngompunga omnyama, cishe amaplamu amnyama amaduna, osisu, okugcotshwe kanye “namabhulukwe” akhe abomvu ngokubomvu. Owesifazane ku-plumage ulula, i-ocher namathoni ampunga agqamile ngombala wakhe, kukhona nemivimbo eguqukayo emhlane, amaphiko nomsila, kanye nemashi emide esiswini, ubuso bezintokazi buhlotshiswe "amadevu" amnyama.

Ukuzala

Abesilisa bafika ezikhungweni zokudlela sekwephuzile, ngoMeyi, ngakho-ke ngokushesha ngalesi sikhathi isikhathi sokuqhawula kuyaqala.

Insikazi ibekela amaqanda amathathu kuya kwayi-6, ahlala isikhathi esiyizinsuku ezingama-25 kuye kwezingama-28. Sonke lesi sikhathi, insikazi ayishiyi umfutho umzuzu, owesilisa uyamnakekela amlethele ukudla. Kungalesi sikhathi, lapho umucu wensikazi uhlanganyela ekuqandeni amaqanda, ungezwa umsindo wengoma yensimbi yowesilisa, ayikhipha ngesikhathi sokuzingela.

Ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, amaphuphu asanda kuhlangana asemile phiko futhi kuze kube maphakathi no-Agasti andiza kahle kakhulu futhi angazitholela ngokwawo ukudla. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokufudukela endlini ebusika e-Afrika, izinyoni ezincane sezivele zingamalungu omhlambi ephelele futhi ziphila impilo yokuzimela.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwabesilisa sisuka eminyakeni eyi-12 kuye kweyi-16, ekuthunjweni, izinyoni zivame ukuhlala isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, e-Afrika, sonke isikhathi sonyaka, abahlali bendawo bathambisa izinyoni eziningana, bese kuthi iminyaka eminingi "baqoqe" umhlambi wabo, ongabuyeli emazweni abo bendabuko futhi usindise izilimo ekuhlaselweni yisikhonyane, amagundane asezinyoni kanye nezinyoni ezincane. Iziduna ezinjalo "ezifuywayo" ziphila iminyaka eyi-18.

Amaqiniso Ahehayo

• Abesilisa bangahlasela i-heron, kepha hhayi njengesisulu sokudla, kodwa kuphela ukuze basuse isidleke ku-heron.
• Amaphaphu ayizinyoni zenhlalo, ahlala emakoloni, abesilisa banakekela abesifazane ngesikhathi sokudlekwa. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukubamba nokufisa ukuvela noma kunini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokufakwa kwamaqanda. Lawa ma-liecons amancane anomuntu onokuthula, oguquguqukayo, kulula ukuwatambisa, kepha ngoba ekuthanda ukundiza, angandiza aqhamuka kumniniyo. Ezikhathini zasendulo, amaphiko ayesikwa abesilisa abangamaduna ngenxa yalokhu. Kodwa-ke, kunezibonelo eziningi zokuthi abantu bayithole kanjani inja elimele, bamncelisa futhi bamkhulula, futhi inyoni yabuya, ngisho nokuphanga.
• Izimbungulu ziletha abantu izinzuzo eziningi. Bacekela phansi isibalo esikhulu sotshani nezinye izinambuzane, ezisiza ekugcineni izilimo. Ikakhulu abesilisa bayasiza ekwandeni okubukhali kwenani lamagundane nezinambuzane eziyingozi.
• Kuze kube manje, inani le-falcon enezinyawo ezibomvu lilokhu lincipha njalo. Isizathu esikhulu salokhu ngamakhemikhali abantu abanisela amasimu. Indawo yezinyoni nayo iyancishiswa, ethinta kabi ukuzala kwabo. Izimpungushe ezincane zibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu futhi zidinga ukuvikelwa okungathi sína. Namuhla zamukelwa emhlabeni wonke njengezinhlobo ezingandile, futhi zimakwe ngesimo "esesimweni esiseduze nesisongelwayo." Emazweni amaningi, ukudubula kokuzingela kwe-falcon kuvinjelwe ngumthetho.