Lesi silwane esingajwayelekile sinegama. inkosi heron noma umkhomo . Inyoni, inge-oda Ciconiiformes futhi ukuphela kommndeni womkhomo. Isidalwa esingajwayelekile sibukeka njengesihlobo sedayinaso. Futhi into yokuqala ebamba iso lakho lapho uhlangana nenyoni ingulube omkhulu ophuzi ophuzi owenziwe ngegwegwe eligoqiwe esihlangwini, elifana nesicoci ngokubukeka.
Kungakho abaseBrithani bebiza lesi silwane "Izindebe zesicathu" . Abamele ukuthula nezolile kwezilwane ukhule ube ngamamitha ayi-1,2 inesisindo esisuka ku-4 kuya ku-7 kg futhi ibe namaphiko Amamitha ayi-2.3 .
Habitat- izindawo ezimanzi zaseMpumalanga Afrika lapho kunenqwaba yama-protopter ezinhlanzi, okuwukudla okuphambili kwezinyoni. Ngenxa yomlomo omkhulu, umkhomo whale uyingcweti yokudoba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkosi heron inomkhuba wokuqandeka amahora amaningi ilindele inyamazane.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi, lesi silwane siyakwazi ukugwinya ngokuphelele ingulule. Futhi, inyoni ibamba izinyoka, amasele ngisho nezimfudu ezincane.
AmaKitoglavs ayizidalwa ezithandanayo ezihlala nomlingani oyedwa impilo yazo yonke. Futhi bangabazali abahle kakhulu, abashintshana ngokuqhakaza amachwane kusukela kwingu-1 kuye kwayi-3 izinsuku ezingama-30. Ekushiseni kwenyoni sebenzisa umlomo wabo njenge-scoop , faka amanzi ngayo bese upholisa amaqanda ngamanzi ukuze ulondoloze izinga lokushisa olifunayo. Ngendlela efanayo, imikhomo ye-whalehead "geza" isivele iboshwe amachwane. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-4, amathole okuzala we-whale azimela ngokuphelele. Kitoglava - izinyoni ezingavamile: emhlabeni kukhona cishe Abantu abangu-15,000 .
Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni ichithwa ngabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinombolo zezinyoni ziyehla ngenxa yokuzingela
Incazelo Nezici
Inyoni engafundanga ngaphansi e-East Africa. Izazi zesayensi yokuqaqambisa kwamazinyo zikufakazele ubuhlobo bakhe ne-pelicans, ngaphezu kwalokho umsuka ukhombisa ukukuhlobanisa nezinyoni eziningi ze-ankle: izingwamza, imichilo, umhlanga. Umndeni we-whalehead ufaka ummeleli oyedwa - i-heron yasebukhosini, njengoba ibizwa ngenye indlela inyoni yomkhomo.
Ubukhulu besakhamuzi sase-Afrika buyahlaba umxhwele: ukuphakama cishe ku-1,2-1,5 m, ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-1,4 m, umuntu ngamunye unesisindo esingu-9-15 kg, ububanzi bamaphiko ngendlela efakiwe bungamamitha ayi-2.3. Inhloko enkulu nomlomo omkhulu, ofana nebhakede. , ayihambelani ngokuphelele ngosayizi womzimba - ngobubanzi bacishe bafana. Kwezinye izinyoni lokhu kudideka kwe-anatomical akuyona uphawu.
Uqhwaku olumangalisayo, osayizi yalo lufika ku-23 cm ubude nangu-10 cm ububanzi, lwaluqhathaniswa nesicathu sokhuni, inhloko yomkhomo - amagama ezinyoni abonisa lesi sici. Uqhwaku luhlotshiswe ngesihibe sesimfanelo esikhumbeni, lusiza ukubhekana nokuxhwila.
Intamo ende ibambe ikhanda elikhulu, kepha ekuphumuleni, uqhwaku luthola ukusekelwa esifubeni senyoni ukudambisa ukuqina kwemisipha yesibeletho. Amehlo aphuzi e-heron yasebukhosini, ngokungafani nezihlobo, atholakala ngaphambili, hhayi ezinhlangothini zogebhezi, ngakho-ke umbono udlulisa isithombe somhlaba esintathu. Ukugqolozela kwamehlo ayindilinga kukhanya ukuthula nokuzethemba.
Akunakwenzeka ukwahlukanisa phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane whalehound ngokubukeka. Bonke abantu bampunga, kuphela uqhwaku uluphuzi lwesihlabathi. I-Powder fluff ingabonakala emhlane wezinyoni, njengamakhambi ahlobene.
Umzimba omkhulu onomsila omfushane, inyoni igcina inhloko enkulu emilenzeni emide nemincane. Ukuhamba endaweni enamakhaza, ukuzinza kwenyoni kunikezwa yi-paws ngeminwe ehlukanisiwe. Ngenxa yokusekelwa kwayo okuningi enhlabathini ethambile, umkhomo awangeni ku-quagmire.
Isici senyoni yikhono lokuma isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokunyakaza. Ngalesi sikhathi futhi uthola whale esithombenisengathi kuthunyelwa ngamabomu. Kwelinye lamapaki eYurophu, inothi lalibhalwe ngamahlaya kupuleti wolwazi lwe-whalehead: yayisahamba.
Lapho indiza, izinyoni zibuyisela intamo yazo njengamakhambi, zihamba kahle, zihamba isikhathi eside ngaphezulu kwezixhaphozi zokubhukuda, kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zihamba ngama hops amafushane. Ukuhamba ngemikhomo kwendiza ngamaphiko asakazekile kufana nokude nendiza endiza.
King Whale - inyoni yenkulumo encane, kodwa ekwazi ukukhiqiza imisindo ehlukahlukene:
ukuphahlazeka njengezihlobo ezinjengezingulube ngomlomo ukuze kudluliselwe imininingwane ezihlotsheni,
ukumemeza ngokubhoboza okuthile
Ukuxhuma engozini
"Hiccup" lapho udinga ukucela ukudla.
Ku-zoo, izinyoni ezimangalisayo zaziswa kakhulu, kepha ukuthola nokugcina umkhomo kunzima ngenxa yezizathu eziningi:
- i-feed ethile ephakathi
- ubunzima bokuzala
- indawo ekhawulelwe indawo.
Izindleko zabantu ngamunye ziphakeme. Ekuphokopheleni inzuzo yokuzingela, abantu bomdabu base-East Africa bayabamba, bathengise amakhanda, futhi banciphise inani labantu abasendle, okuyizinkulungwane ezingama-5-8 kuphela ezihlukile. Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni ezingajwayelekile iyancipha, izidleke zivame ukucekelwa phansi.
Namuhla umkhomo whale - inyoni engavamile, ukuphepha okubangela ukungakhathaleli kuphela phakathi kwama-ornithologists, kodwa futhi nabathandi bemvelo abahlukahlukene.
Ebukhosini i-heron, umkhomo, kubhekiswa ku-oda Ciconiiformes. Emndenini wemikhomo, lo nguyena kuphela omele.
Yathola inyoni engavamile ngo-1849, ngonyaka olandelayo, umkhomo wachazwa ngososayensi. Umhlaba wafunda ngesimangaliso esineminwe encwadini yomlindi wezinyoni waseSweden uB Bengt Berg ngokuvakashela eSudan. Kuze kube namuhla, umkhomo usalokhu uyizinhlobo ezifundwe kabi uma uqhathanisa nezinye izinyoni.
Ucwaningo lofuzo lufakazela ubudlelwano phakathi kwezakhamizi zase-Afrika ezinamakhanda nezinduna, yize ngokwesiko kuthiwa zihlobene nezihlobo zamakhaza nezingwamza. Izimpikiswano eziningi mayelana nendawo yomzingeli we-whale esigabeni sezinyoni ziholele ekwahlulelweni kwesayensi mayelana nayo njengokuxhumanisa okungekho phakathi kweCopepods neCiconiiformes.
Udaba lwe- “shoe boot”, njengoba iBrithani lwayibiza kanjalo, lusesimweni sokufunda.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Uhla lokufuya i-whale lutholakala ezingxenyeni ezishisayo enkabeni nasempumalanga ye-Afrika. Njengoba ingumbungu, inyoni ihlala osebeni lomfula iNayile, izindawo zamanzi zaseZaire, eCongo, eTanzania, naseZambia, e-Uganda, eKenya, eSouth Sudan iye entshonalanga neTopiya. Kulezi zindawo, ukudla okuyinhloko kwezinyoni kutholakala - inhlanzi ephefumula kabili, noma ama-protopter.
Ukuhlala nokuntuleka kwesimo kuyimpawu yezidalwa ezingenakulimaza nezithulile. Umlando wonke wezinyoni uhlotshaniswa nezikhukhamba zamaphaphu kanye nezibhalo.
Abantu basakazekile, abaqabulekile. Izinyoni eziningi zibonwa eSouth Sudan. Izindawo ezithandekayo zomzingeli we-whale zingamahlathini omhlanga kule marshland, futhi izilwane ezinemibala zigwema izikhala ezivulekile.
Izinyoni zivame ukuhlala zodwa, zivame kakhulu ngababili ngesikhathi sokuzalela, azikaze zihlukaniswe. Ukubona amakhanda amaningi omkhomo bendawonye kuyinto eyivelakancane. Isidalwa esimangalisayo singenantambo, asifuni ukuxhumana nabantu besizwe esikanye nabo.
Imvelo yasendulo kuphela edonsa abantu basondele ndawonye. Izinyoni zichitha impilo yazo emahlathini aminyene amaswidi, zizivikela kubantu abangabazi. Kwesinye isikhathi ukugqekezwa okwenziwe ngumlomo kukhombisa indawo ehlala khona ongaqondakaliyo wethropiki.
Kwaphela amahora amaningi, ukuncipha ngomlomo ogxishiwe kwenza inyoni ingabonakali phakathi komhlanga nethanga. Ungaya eduze kwayo, umkhomo whale ngeke uze unyakaze, ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni ngeke zindize phezulu.
Umkhomo whale wasebukhosini awuvamile ukuphuma. Ukundiza ngamaphiko amakhulu wokusakaza muhle kakhulu. Uqhwaku lwenyoni licindezelwe esifubeni, aluphazamisi ukunyakaza. Lapho zifuna ukudla, izinyoni zindiza ziphansi.
Ukhuphuka, njengokhozi, amakhanda omkhomo asebenzisa imisinga yomoya, musa ukuchitha amandla egezi.
Ama-Royal herons akhetha iziqhingi zemifino ezindaweni zokubona, kodwa ahamba ngesikebhe ngezikhathi ezithile ezenzeka. Izinyoni zingangena esigangeni ziye emgqeni wesisu.
Amakhanda we-whale abukeka esabisa kuphela, kepha wona uqobo, njengama-heron ajwayelekile, ahlaselwa izitha zemvelo. Ngaphezu kwezinsongo zabazingeli abanezinwele (i-falcon, hawk), izingwenya zibeka ingozi enkulu kubo.
Ama-alligator ase-Afrika ahlala emithambekeni ngobuningi. Amachwane we-Whalefoot nokubekwa kweqanda kusongelwa ngokuhlaselwa yi-marten.
Ekuthunjweni, izinyoni ezingavamile, ngokuba ziphephile, zijwayela umuntu ngokushesha, ziyethemba. Izakhamizi zinokuthula, zihlangana nezinye izilwane.
Umsoco
Ekudleni komkhomo, ukudla kwezilwane kuyizilwane zasemanzini neziseduze namanzi. I-Protopter kusuka kuhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezi-lobster - "isitsha" esiyintandokazi ikhanda lomkhomo, lihlala ezindaweni ezingaxutshwe nezidumbu zamanzi, emifudlaneni e-marshy, ezindaweni eziphansi zamaphethelo omfula.
Isikhathi sokudla kwezinyoni kwesinye isikhathi sivuka ekuseni, sincane kakhulu isikhathi sasemini. Zonke iziqhingi ezintantayo zezitshalo zasemanzini ziyahlolwa, ukuhamba kwenziwa phakathi kwamathanga. Ibona ukuthi ayizukude kangako inyamazane ebabayo, umkhomo uphenya amaphiko ayo, ugijimele ubambe izisulu ngomlomo. Indebe ibanjwe ngokuphephile.
Kwesinye isikhathi inyoni ibhula silt ukuthola ama-mollusks, ama-amphibians. Ngomlomo obanzi, i-heron yasebukhosini ingabamba iwundlu lengwenya. Uma umkhomo uhlanza inhlanzi ezitshalweni, imsule ikhanda ngaphambi kokudla, khona-ke ingaginya lonke izinduku ezinkulu.
Ukukhethwa kwezindawo zokuzingela kuvame ukuxhumana nezindlela zezindlovu nemvubu. Izilwane ezinwe yizindawo ezinkulu zezilwane zihlala zibutha imfuyo, izinhlanzi eziningi. Iziteshi zokwenziwa ziheha izinyoni eziningi.
Izazi zesifo sezinhlungu zikholelwa ukuthi umdobi omuhle kakhulu wezinyoni umkhomo whale. Okudingayo i-heron yasebukhosini, uma ngabe abameleki bengakwazi ukwanelisa indlala yabo?
Ukuzingela i-tilapia, i-polypterus, ikatfish, izinyoka zamanzi, izimfudu kwenziwa kusuka lapho kuqamekelwa khona, inkosi heron ilinda ngesineke ukubukeka nokusondela kwayo. Kwesinye isikhathi inyoni yehlisa ikhanda layo emanzini ukuze ifake izinhlanzi zokubhukuda ngamasele nangamagaqa, njengenethi uvemvane. Indlela yokubamba inyamazana ifana nokuziphatha kwama-pelicans.
Umdobi onekhono uhlala azingela abantu bakubo. Ibanga elincanyana phakathi kwezinyoni okungenani amamitha angama-20.
Umlutha wama-gourmets ezinhlanzini eziphefumula uchazwa uhlobo oluthile loqhwaku oluhunyushelwe "kumenyu" ethile. Ukulahleka komthombo oyinhloko wokudla kuyabulala imikhomo, noma ngabe idluliswa ngezinye izakhamuzi zasemanzini.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ekupheleni kwenkathi yemvula, isikhathi sokuzala sama-whaleheads siqala. Ngokungafani nezinyoni zesithembu, ukubhangqa kwezinkukhu zasebukhosini kwenzeka kanye. Ukuzikhethela komlingani kwenzeka phakathi kwemidanso yokuphelelisa, ukubingelela ngokunikina ikhanda, ukuqina kwentamo, izingoma eziqhekeka nezithulu, ngokuchofoza ngogongolo.
Isigaba esilandelayo ukwakhiwa kwesidleke. Ukwakhiwa kuyindawokazi enobubanzi bamamitha ayi-2,5. Indawo ifihliwe emehlweni okokuphamba ngamathanga aminyene. Ukuvikela izisulu zasemhlabeni, imikhomo yakha izidleke emihubheni eyixhaphozi, iziqhingi ezifanelekayo ezindaweni ezingenakungena.
Izinto zokwakha zezinyoni ziqoqwa ndawonye. Phansi kwesidleke, kubekwa izingulule zamaphaphu kanye nomhlanga, ngaphakathi ugqoko kufakwe ngotshani obomile, amakhanda omkhomo agoba ngamadolo awo.
Ku-clutch kuvame amaqanda ama-1-3. Ebusuku, insikazi iyazifudumeza ngokushisa kwayo, futhi phakathi nosuku, uma kunesidingo, iyabolisa amanzi alethwe ngumlomo wakhe, njengesipuni. Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni inzalo. Hatching ihlala inyanga. Abazali bayashintshana emsebenzini esidlekeni.
Amachwane abanjwe ngesibhamu esikhulu esinsundu esine-fluffy, uqhwaku olunetha lukhona nasezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa. Owesifazane udla izinsana ekuqaleni nge-burp kusuka ku-goiter. Ngemuva kwenyanga, imvuthuluka isivele ikwazi ukugwinya izingcezu zokudla okulethwe. Ukugeza izingane ezisanda kuzanywa ukushisa kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo namaqanda - kulethe amanzi ngoqhwaku lowesifazane.
Njengomthetho, kusinda indlalifa eyodwa kuphela, ethola ukudla nokunakwa okwengeziwe. Ukuthola ukudla kwezingane kushesha ngokuthepha imilenze yowesifazane noma umlomo. Kufika ezinyangeni ezi-2 umkhomo whale Akahlukani nabazali, bese uqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zokuqala zokuzimela.
Ezinyangeni ezi-4 ngemuva kokusungulwa komkhomo osemncane ophikweni, ukwahlukana nesidalwa sendabuko kwenzeka, kepha ukwenziwa kwasekhaya kusenzeka.
Umsebenzi wokuzala womkhomo we-whale ubamba iminyaka emithathu. Isikhathi sokuphila kwezinyoni siseminyakeni engama-36. Imfuyo lehla kancane kancane ngenxa yokuzingela, inciphisa indawo yokuhlala edingekayo.
Umsebenzi wesintu uthwebula kabi izilwane zasendle. Ekuthunjweni, ukuzalaniswa kwezinyoni kunzima.
I-kitoglav ayikwazi ukumangaza umuntu kuphela, kepha ikwenza ucabange ngokulondolozwa komhlaba omangalisayo wemvelo, lapho yonke into ixhumekile futhi ihlangana khona.