I-Arctic indawo etholakala ezungeze iNorth Pole. Kunezinsuku nobusuku be-polar, ubusika bubanda kakhulu, futhi amazinga okushisa ehlobo awakhuphuki ngaphezu kwama-zero degrees. Kepha kwizidalwa eziningi, izimo ezinjalo ezedlulele zihlanganisa kuphela. Yiziphi izilwane ezihlala e-Arctic. Sikunikeza izincazelo nezithombe zezilwane ezithakazelisa kakhulu ze-Arctic.
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezingama-Arctic
Izilwane ezidla izambane likapondo e-Arctic zingabazingeli abonakele abanesifiso sokudla esihle abangahlasela imfuyo, ngisho nabantu. Isibalo sabantu abasebukhosini be-Arctic, ngokuyinhloko, sincike kwinani lemmings, okuyizinto ezidla ubhedu kwezimpungushe ezingama-arctic, ama-wolverines, izimpisi eziqinile, kwezinye izimo hlaba.
1. Ibhere lePolar
Ilungu elikhulu lomndeni wakwaBear, elibhalwe ku-Red Book of the World emuva ngo-1953, alitholakali ndawo ngaphandle kwe-Arctic. Impilo yonke, udinga imicu yeqhwa elishayayo, umhlonyane noma umphetho wamasimu weqhwa nezimpawu zomzimba - ukudla akuthandayo.
Indawo ebhaliswe ibhere eliseduze kakhulu nesigxobo ine-88 ° 15 '. Amanye amabhere wesilisa afinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama namathani esisindo. Kepha ngobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele kanjalo nobucothayo obonakalayo, amabhere amnyama ayizilwane ezihamba phambili neziqinile.
Amabhere we-polar angabhukudi omuhle kakhulu, amboza aze afike ku-80 km emanzini acijile, futhi ulwelwesi olusemaphashini awo lubasize kulokhu. Amabhere ePolar ahamba ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-40 ngosuku, akwazi ukubhekana nama-ice hummocks nama-snows ajulile. Uboya bekolishi lobuciko bugcina ukushisa kahle kangangokuba ngisho nomcabango we-air infrared awukutholi.
2. Wolverine
Ummeleli omkhulu womndeni wakwaKunih, umhlaseli onolaka nesilwane esidla ngokweqile. Ngekhono lalesi silwane ukuhlasela imfuyo ngisho nabantu, ibizwa nangokuthi yiDemoni laseNyakatho. Isisindo se-wolverines siyehluka kusuka ku-9 kuye ku-30 kg, futhi ngokubukeka kwawo sifana namabhulukwe noma amabhere.
Ngokungafani namanye amalungu omndeni wakwaKunih, i-wolverine ifuduka ngaphakathi kwendawo yayo, ifuna njalo ukudla. Isilwane sikhuphuka kalula izihlahla sibonga ngemisuka yaso ebukhali namawashi anamandla. Kwenza umsindo ufane nokugoqwa kwezinja, inokuzwa okuhle, ukubona nokuhogela.
I-Wolverine i-emnivorous, ingaba njengokudla izinsalela zokudla zezinye izilwane ezidliwayo, futhi ngokuzimela izingele izilwane ezinkulu, idla izitshalo - amajikijolo, amantongomane. Lesi isilwane esinesibindi nesihluku kangangokuba ngisho nomnikazi we-Arctic, iPolar Bear, lapho ehlangana, uzama ukumgwema.
3. Impisi enamakhaza
Lokhu okubhaliselwe impisi kuhlala kuyo yonke i-tundra ne-Arctic. Imvamisa udla izilwane ezincane - ama-polar hares kanye nama-lemmings, kepha i-musk ox kanye ne-reindeer nakho kuyingxenye yokudla kwakhe. Ezimweni ezinzima zobusuku be-polar kanye nezikhathi zamakhaza, wayejwayela noma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla.
Izimpisi Polar zingasinda kuphela epaketheni. Ezimweni zogwadule lwase-Arctic, lapho kungekho gumbi labalaleli, kufanele baphendukele kwenye - amaqhinga okuzingela inhlalo, bavame ukulinda ngesineke kuze kube yilapho izisulu zenza iphutha bese zenza buthaka ukuzivikela.
4. I-Arctic fox, noma impungushe eshisayo
I-polar noma i-arctic fox iyisilwane esidliwayo, okuwukuphela kommeleli we-Arctic fox genus. Ngokungafani ne-fox ejwayelekile, inesifinyezo esifushane, izindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga, ama-paws ambozwe izinwele eziqinile nomzimba we-squat. Kuya ngesizini, u-fox fur ungaba mhlophe, uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsundu, ompunga omnyama, ikhofi elula noma isihlabathi. Ngalesi sisekelo, izinhlobo eziyishumi zezilwane ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlukile ziyahlukaniswa.
Ngaphandle kwesigamu sekhilomitha ukusuka emanzini, impungushe ye-arctic ibamba imigodi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokungena okuningi. Kepha ebusika, imvamisa kufanele enze umhume eqhweni. Udla konke, zombili izitshalo nezilwane zingena ekudleni kwakhe. Kepha isisekelo sokudla kwaso yizinyoni nama-lemmings.
I-Herbivores
Izikhala ezinkulu zasenyakatho zakha abameli abaningi bezilwane endaweni yabo. Futhi akukhathalekile ukuthi kuzwakala kangakanani, kepha eMhlabeni obandayo bahlala abamele bezilwane ezinamanzi. Zonke izinsuku baqala ngokufuna ukudla. Ukunyakaza okungapheli kuphela lapho ukunqotshwa kwemvelo kunganqotshwa.
I-Arctic hare
Le ndondo iyisilwane esimangalisayo. Phambilini, bekuhlotshaniswa nokubhalwe phansi kwe-hare, kepha namuhla kuphuma njengohlobo oluhlukile. Inezindlebe ezimfishane, ngaleyo ndlela inciphisa ukudluliselwa kokushisa. Uboya buphakeme futhi bukhulu kakhulu, futhi obusindisa isilwane ekubandeni obukhulu. Umsila ungama-5 cm kuphela, kepha imilenze yangemuva yinde futhi inamandla, okumvumela ukuthi adlule ekudonselweni kweqhwa ngokujulile.
I-Lemming
Le rodent ayihlukile kakhulu ngokubukeka kusuka ku-hamster ejwayelekile. Isilwane esincane ngobude sifinyelela ku-8-15 cm kuphela futhi sinesisindo esingama-70-80 g.Izindlebe ezincane zifihla ngaphansi koboya, okuthi kwezinye izinkampani ziba mhlophe ebusika. Lokhu kufihla kusiza ukufihla izisulu eziyingozi. Kodwa-ke, kubamele abaningi, uboya bumpunga ngokuphelele noma bumsundu. I-Rodent itholakala lapho kukhona khona izimila. Ivumelane kahle nesimo sezulu esinzima. I-lemming idla amahlumela amasha, ama-moss, imbewu ehlukahlukene namajikijolo. Isikhathi sokuphila yiminyaka eyi-2 kuphela.
Reindeer
Isilwane esinomusa esifaka izimpondo ezihlotshisiwe ekhanda saso futhi sinejazi elifudumele futhi elimnyama. Ivumelaniswe ngokuphelele nesimo sezulu esinzima sase-Arctic. I-Reindeer idla nge-moss reindeer moss. Inesisindo esingama-200 kg futhi ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.5. Akahlali nje esifundeni sonke, kepha uhlala neziqhingi eziseduzane. Imifino itholakala ngokusebenzisa izinselo ezibanzi.
Musk inkabi
Isilwane esikhulu futhi esinamandla. Inkabi ye-musk ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5 ukuphakama, futhi inesisindo esifinyelela ku-650 kg. Lezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo zinejazi eliminyene nelide eligcina ukushisa futhi zivikele emimoyeni enamandla esimweni sezulu esibi kangaka sesifunda seplanethi yethu. Bahlala emihlambi emikhulu yezinjongo ezingama-20-30. Ngakho-ke zivikelekile kubazingeli. Zidla ngama-moss, izimpande zezihlahla, i-lichen, utshani nezimbali. Izinselo eziyindilinga zikusiza ukuba uhambe ngokukhululekile eqhweni nasemadwaleni, futhi ukhiphe izingqimba zeqhwa ukusesha uhlaza.
Inqama yeqhwa
Ibizwa nangokuthi obhejane noma i-chubuk. Lesi isilwane esihle se-artiodactyl esinama-antlers amahle ekhanda laso. Izimvu ezishunqayo ziyahamba kancane futhi sinokuthula. Iyasebenza phakathi nosuku, kepha ingasesha ukudla ebusuku. Ihlala ezintabeni ngamaqembu ezilwane ezingama-20-30. Idla ngokudla okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, umhlwa, izimpande zezihlahla, izinaliti, utshani obomile nezinye izitshalo, okumba kuzoba ngaphansi kweqhwa ngamahloka anamandla.
I-arctic fox ejwayelekile
I-Arctic fox inezici ezithile ezivumela ukuba ihlale ezimeni ezinzima ze-Arctic. Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu uboya bayo, obuguqula umbala usuka ku-brown (umbala wehlobo) uye ube mhlophe (umbala webusika). Ijazi loboya obude linikeza i-fox isifihlakali esihle nokuvikelwa okuhle emakhazeni.
1. UWalrus
Umuntu okuwukuphela komuntu omele umndeni wakwaWalrus ubonga ukuhlukaniseka kalula ngamasu awo amakhulu. Ngobukhulu phakathi kwama-pinnipeds, kuthatha indawo yesibili ngemuva kwendlovu yasolwandle, kepha amabanga alezi zilwane awafani. Ama-Walrus ahlala emihlambini futhi avikela ngesibindi omunye nomunye ezitheni.
Izimpondo zokhozi
Ukhozi oluphawu uphawu lwesizwe lwaseMelika. Indawo ehlala kuyo ifinyelela kude kakhulu kwe-Arctic. Ungahlangana nale nyoni enhle kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Melika - kusuka eCanada kuya eMexico. U-Orlan ubizwa ngokuthi ikhanda-mpandla ngenxa yezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezikhula ekhanda lakhe. Lezi zinyoni zivame ukubamba izinhlanzi: diving phansi, zikhipha izinhlanzi emanzini ngamadolo azo.
2. Seal
Zisakazeke kakhulu, zihlala ogwini lolwandlekazi iPacific, Atlantic and Arctic. Bangabhukudi abahle kakhulu, yize bekude nolwandle bengatholakali. Izimpawu zokugcina zingagcini emanzini abandayo ngenxa yesendlalelo samafutha angamanzi angenamakhaza noboya obungenamanzi.
3. Fur uphawu
Ama-Fur seals kanye namabhubesi asolwandle angawomndeni wezimpawu zasolwandle ezakhiwe ngezwi elikhulu. Izimpawu, ngenkathi zihamba, ziphumula kuyo yonke imilenze, futhi amehlo azo anohlaka olumnyama. Ehlobo, inyakatho yohlobo lwe-fur fur ihlala enyakatho yoLwandle iPacific, futhi lapho kufika ekwindla, ifudukela eningizimu.
Izinyoni
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, kuhlala izinyoni eziningi. Iningi lazo zihamba ziye ebusika emazweni afudumele, ezinye zizalela izingane kwezinye izindawo. Imilenze ye-waterfowl ayinazimpaphe, kepha ihlatshwe yimithambo yegazi - lokhu kuyisivikelo kuma-hypothermia. Ubuningi bezinyoni zase-Arctic ngokuvamile bukhanya, obubavumela ukuba bazifihle ngemuva kwesithwathwa.
4. Izimpawu zasenyakatho zendlovu
Kufanele kuqashelwe lapha ukuthi izimpawu zamanzi endlovu zihlukaniswe enyakatho (ehlala e-Arctic) naseningizimu (ehlala e-Antarctic). Izindlovu zasolwandle zathola igama lazo ngenxa yobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele kanye nekhala lokufana nesiqu samaduna amadala. Bahlala ogwini lwe-Arctic lwaseNyakatho Melika baze baye eningizimu. Abesilisa abadala banesisindo esingu-3.5 amathani.
ICaribou / Reindeer
EYurophu, i-caribou yaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-reindeer. UDerer wazijwayela kahle isimo sezulu esibandayo saseNyakatho. Unemikhomo emikhulu ekhaleni lakhe esebenza ukufudumeza umoya weqhwa. Izinselo zesilwane ebusika ziba zincane futhi zibe nzima, okwenza kube lula ukuthi inyamazane lihambe eqhweni naseqhweni. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ezinye izinkomo ezihlangene zihamba amabanga amade. Alikho elinye izwe elihlala izilwane ezincelisayo emhlabeni wethu elingakwazi lokhu.
Izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle zase-Arctic
Akekho umuntu oncelisayo angaqhathanisa amandla ayo okusinda ezimweni ezinzima ze-Arctic nama-cetaceans anjengemikhomo ye-beluga, ama-narwhals kanye nemikhomo ye-bowhead. Abanaso isipho se-dorsal fin kwamanye ama-cetaceans. Cishe izinhlobo eziyi-10 zezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle ezihlala e-Arctic - imikhomo (ohlobo lwemifula, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imikhomo ye-humpbacked kanye nesidoda) namahlengethwa (imikhomo ebulala). Ake sixoxe ngabathandwa kakhulu kubo.
U-Ermine
U-ermine ungowomndeni wamalwelidi. Igama elithi ermine kwesinye isikhathi lisetshenziselwa kuphela ukuchaza isilwane esikhunjeni sayo esimhlophe sobusika.
Ama-Ermines angabazingeli abanolaka abadla amanye amagundane. Imvamisa, bahlala ngisho emiseleni yezisulu zabo, esikhundleni sokumba imigodi yabo.
Ushaka wePolar
Oshaka bePolar bayizilwane ezingaqondakali. Lesi sithombe sithathwe yi-US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Oshaka basePolar bayimidondoshiya emangalisayo ehlala esifundeni sase-Arctic. Lesi sithombe sithathwe yi-US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Chofoza esithombeni ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalesi silwane.
Imvamisa, oshaka basemakhaza batholakala enyakatho ye-Atlantic Ocean ngasogwini lweCanada naseGreenland. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zoshaka, zingasenyakatho kakhulu. Lezi zilwane zibhukuda kancane ngokwanele futhi zithanda ukubamba inyamazane yazo ngenkathi zilele. Futhi, oshaka abasahloniphi abakuhloniphi ukudla lokho okushiywe abanye abahlaseli ngemuva kokudla kwabo.
1. INarwhal
Ziyahlukahluka lapho kukhona amazinyo amabili aphezulu, kuthi owesobunxele endodeni akhule abe umlinganiso ongafika kumamitha amathathu ubude futhi abe nesisindo esingama-10 kg. Ngalesi sikejana, abesilisa baphula iqhwa, benze umhlonyane, futhi liheha ukuheha izintokazi nezinye izinhloso eziningi.
I-Harp seal
Ekuzalweni, imidlwane yehabhu yokusina inejazi loboya obphuzi. Uba mhlophe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu. Njengoba isilwane sikhula, imibala yaso ithola umbala wesiliva. Izimpawu zehabhu zinobubanzi obukhulu bamafutha angaphansi agcina ukushisa kahle. Ama-seal seins asebenza njengohlobo lwabashintshi bokushisa: ehlobo ukushisa ngokweqile kuyasuswa ngabo, futhi ebusika umzimba uyafutheka ngenxa yokunyakaza kwamawele emanzini.
I-Arctic fox
Ungowomndeni we-canine. Lesi sidlakela esihle saziwa ngengubo yaso yoboya be-chic kude kakhulu kune-Arctic. Lesi yisilwane esincane esibalelwa ku-30 cm ubude nesisindo esingama-50 kg. Umhlaseli ugijima ngokushesha futhi uhlukaniswa ngokukhuthazela kwaso. Imvamisa zigcinwa eduze kwamabhere polar ngesikhathi sokuzingela nokudla okusele kuwo. Isilwane sitholakala kuwo wonke umhlaba onamanzi. Bangabazali abahle. Lapho nje insikazi ikhulelwa, insikazi iqala ukuzingela ezimbili, ilethe inyamazane kuze kube yilapho izelwe imbala.
Belyak
Okusanda kusungulwa ngokwahlukile kwifomu elihlukile, akusasabhekisele kumbala ojwayelekile omhlophe. I-Arctic hare inezindlebe ezimfishane. Lokhu kunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa. Uboya obukhulu, obuthuntu futhi buyasindisa emakhazeni. Isisindo somzimba we-Arctic whit singaphezu kwesejwayelekile. Ngobude, isakhamuzi saseNyakatho sifinyelela amasentimitha angama-70.
Use izithombe zezilwane ze-Arctic zivame ukudla izingxenye zezitshalo. Lesi yisisekelo sokudla okumhlophe. Kodwa-ke, izitsha ezithandwayo yi-buds, amajikijolo, utshani obusha.
Abelungu be-Arctic bangahlukaniswa kokujwayelekile ngokujwayelekile ngezindlebe ezimfishane.
3. Umkhomo waseGreenland
Lokhu kungukuphela kokumelwa kwemikhomo ye-baleen, ephila impilo yakhe yonke ngaphakathi kwamanzi abandayo eNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Entwasahlobo bathuthela enyakatho, kuthi ekwindla bahambe kancane eningizimu, bagwema iqhwa. Bazondla nge-plankton.
I-Killer whale (i-killer whale)
I-Killer whale iyihlengesi enkulu kunazo zonke. Umbala wayo uyaqhathanisa - umnyama nomhlophe ngamabala amhlophe okwehlukanisa ngaphezulu kwamehlo. Esinye isici sokuqala semikhomo yokubulala i-crescent dorsal fin ephezulu. Abantu abahlukahlukene balaba bantu abazingelayo basebenza ngokuphakelayo okuthile. Eminye imikhomo engumbulala ithanda ukwaluka bese ifuduka isuka ezikoleni zazo, kanti ezinye izingela ama-pinnipeds. Azinazo izimbangi futhi zingaphezulu kwekhonkolo lokudla.
I-Partridge
Ebusika, umgwaqo ungamapuleti amhlophe, ngakho-ke kunzima ukuqaphela eqhweni. Bathola ukudla ngaphansi kweqhwa, futhi ehlobo, lezi zinyoni zidla ikakhulukazi amajikijolo, imbewu kanye namahlumela aluhlaza wezitshalo. I-partridge inamagama amaningi endawo, njenge, ngokwesibonelo, "i-grouse emhlophe" noma "talovka", "alder".
Ukuphela kwesiphelo (hatchet)
Imiphetho efile izinyoni ezimangalisayo, ziyakwazi ukundiza nokubhukuda. Izimpiko ezimfishane, njengamanzi ezinhlanzini, zisiza ukuba zihambe ngokushesha kwikholamu yamanzi. Ama-puffin anezimpaphe ezimnyama namhlophe nemilomo enemibala egqamile. Lezi zinyoni zakha amakoloni wonke ezindaweni ezigudle ugu. Ukusuka emadwaleni, ama-puffin angena emanzini, lapho afuna khona ukudla.
Umvundla
I-hare emhlophe imhlophe ebusika kuphela. Ehlobo, isikhumba sakhe sinsundu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebusika, imilenze yakhe yangemuva ichichima izinwele ezinohlonze, iba mikhulu futhi ibe mfile. Lokhu kuvimbela i-hare ukuba iwe iqhwa.
Kulula ukubona i-walrus ngamabhu amakhulu ayo, amadevu amade nokuqina amafushane. Ama-Walruse, lezi zilwane ezinkulu nezinzima, zazivame ukuzingela kakhulu ngenxa yenyama namafutha. Manje ama-walrus angaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso, futhi ukuzingela kwawo kunqatshelwe.
I-Ringed seal
I-Arctic seal ejwayelekile kanye nobumnandi obuphakathi kwamabhere amnyama. Uma lokhu kokugcina kungene ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezivikelwe, khona-ke lokhu akusona isongo kubantu bokusinda. Ngokwezibalo ezingezinhle e-Arctic, abantu abayizigidi ezi-3. Umkhuba wokukhula.
Isisindo esiphezulu se-ringed seal ngama-kilogramu angama-70. Ngobude, isilwane sifinyelela amasentimitha ayi-140. Abesifazane bancane.
I-hare hare
Ngokuphambene nalokho, enkulu kunazo zonke zezimpawu. Isisindo esijwayelekile cishe isigamu sethani. Ngobude, isilwane silingana namasentimitha angama-250. Ngokwesakhiwo, i-hare iyahluka kwezinye izimbotshana ezinemilenze yayo yangaphambili cishe esezingeni lamahlombe, idluliselwe ezinhlangothini.
Ngemihlathi enamandla, i-hare hare yolwandle incishwa amazinyo aqinile. Zincane futhi ziguga ngokushesha, ziyawa. Izimpawu zasendulo ezindala zivame ukuba nemihlathi yobudala. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukuzingela izinhlanzi - isisekelo sokudla komdlangi.
I-Arctic Rodents
Akunakwenzeka ukubona ngokweqile ukubaluleka kwama-lemmings ngokuba khona kwezilwane ogwadule lwase-Arctic.Zondla cishe zonke izilwane zasemhlabeni ezingenhla. Futhi izikhova ezinamakhaza azenzi ngisho izidleke uma inani le-lemmings lisesimweni esihle kakhulu.
Izilwane zase-Arctic ezisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu
Njengamanje, ezinye izilwane ezise-Arctic zisengozini. Izinguquko zemvelo nezenziwa ngabantu ezimweni zezulu ze-Arctic zibeka engcupheni enkulu izilwane zasendle. Abameli abalandelayo bebhande le-Arctic bafakiwe ohlwini lwezilwane zase-Arctic ezifakwe ku-Red Book.
- Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa.
- Bowhead whale.
- Narwhal.
- Reindeer.
- I-Atlantic ne-Laptev walruses.
I-Musk ox ibuye ibe yinyamazana yezilwane. Okhokho bakhe baphila eMhlabeni ngesikhathi sezilwane ezincelisayo.
NgoJuni 2009, ngomyalo kaHulumeni waseRussia, kwenziwa iRussia Arctic National Park, umsebenzi oyinhloko wokugcina nokulungiselela abameleli bezimbali nezilwane zase-Arctic, ezisondele ngokuphelele ekuqothulweni.
Izilwane zase-Arctic azihlali eNorth Pole, akunakwenzeka ukuba uhlale lapho. Zivame kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu ye-Arctic Ocean, ogwini lwamazwekazi naseziqhingini.
I-Guillemot
Lesi yindabuko yama-expanses e-glacial. Le nyoni enezinwele iphakathi ngosayizi, inesisindo esingamakhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu, futhi ngamasentimitha angama-40 ubude. Ama-mappping amancane mancane, ngakho-ke kunzima nge-guillemot. Le nyoni ithanda ukwehla ehla emadwaleni, ibanjwe ngokushesha emoyeni. Ukusuka ebusweni, isigingci sisuka ngemuva kokugijima okungamamitha ayi-10.
Phezulu kumnyama kanti phezulu kumhlophe. Kukhona izinyoni ezinyene futhi ezinciphile. Bahlukaniswe emihlanganweni engafani emi-2. Zombili zinemijovo enempilo. AbakwaShellfish nezinhlanzi bazidla ngentokozo.
Umbala opinki
Izakhamizi zaseNyakatho zimbiza ngokuvela kokuqala kwe-Arctic Circle. Kodwa-ke, ngekhulu leminyaka elidlule, izakhamizi ezifanayo ze-Arctic, ikakhulukazi ama-Eskimos, zazidla izinyoni zasolwandle futhi zizithengisela ama-Europe. Kunye bathathe cishe amadola angama-200. Konke lokhu kunciphise inani elincane labantu bezinyoni ezipinki. Kubhalwe kuhlu olubomvu njengohlobo olusengozini yokuphela.
Ubude bokubamba okupinki abudluli amasentimitha angama-35. Ngemuva kwesilwane kusibhakabhaka, kanti ibele nesisu kufana nezwi le-flamingo. Imilenze ibomvu. Umlomo umnyama. Umgexo entanyeni ungezwi elifanayo.
Chistik
Izindlovu ogwini olunamadwala, zapendiwe okumnyama. Kukhona amamaki amhlophe emaphikweni. Isibhakabhaka sale nyoni sibomvu ngokugqamile. Iphimbo elifanayo ema-paws. Ngobude, isikhululi sifinyelela amasentimitha angama-40.
AmaChistiki e-Arctic maningi. Kukhona cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-350 zamabili. Isintu sidla izinhlanzi. Izinso emadwaleni asogwini.
ILurik
Umvikeli wezimakethe zezinyoni zasenyakatho. Ukuzalela emakholoni amakhulu. Zitholakala zombili eduze kwamanzi kanye nebanga ukuya kumakhilomitha ayi-10.
ILurik ikhokhiswa isikhashana futhi injengokungathi igqoke insimbi. Isifuba sale nyoni simhlophe, futhi ngaphezulu yonke into imnyama, njengoba kunjalo nangaphansi kwesisu. Ikhanda limnyama futhi. Osayizi be-dandy mncane.
Punochka
Ungowama-oatmeal, amancane, anesisindo esingama-40 amagremu. Inyoni efudukayo, evela emazweni afudumele ibuyela e-Arctic ngoMashi. Abesilisa ngabokuqala ukufika. Benza izidleke. Ngemuva kokuba abesifazane sebefikile, isikhathi sokuzala siqala.
Ngokuya komsoco, izimvemvane ama-omnivores. Ehlobo, izinyoni zithanda ukudla kwezilwane ngokubamba izinambuzane. Ekwindla, izimvemvane zidlulela kumajikijolo namakhowe.
Isikhova esingu-Polar
Phakathi kwezikhova, ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Izimpiko zesikhonkwane zifinyelela amasentimitha ayi-160. Njengezilwane eziningi ze-Arctic, imhlophe njengeqhwa. Le ndlela yokuhlikihla. Ukuze ukubonakala okungaphandle kufakwe indiza engenasici. Lokhu kusiza isikhova ekubambeni inyamazane. Ngokuyisisekelo uba ulamula. Ezinyangeni eziyi-12, isikhova sidla izinduku ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane nesigamu.
Ezidlekeni, izikhova ezonakele zikhetha amagquma, zizama ukuthola indawo eyomile engenalo iqhwa.
I-Arctic owl ingummeleli omkhulu womndeni wesikhova
Ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezingama-20 zezilwane zezinyoni e-Arctic, izinto ezingama-90. Ngakho-ke ukusho ngezilwane zase-Arctic, isikhathi esiningi uzinikela ezinyoni. Ukuzifundisisa, kanye nendawo uqobo, yaqala ngekhulu le-4 B.C.E.
Imibiko yePifey yaseMarseilles ilondoloziwe. Wathatha uhambo lokuya eTula. Lokho kwakuyigama lezwe eNyakatho ekude. Kusukela lapho, umphakathi ojwayelekile ufunde mayelana nokuba khona kwe-Arctic. Namuhla, izifunda ezi-5 ziyasifaka isicelo. Kuliqiniso, wonke umuntu akanandaba kangako nemvelo eyingqayizivele njengaseshalofini elinamafutha.
I-Arctic Tern
I-Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) - Olunye lwezinhlobo ze-tern ezaziwa ngokufuduka kwerekhodi. Lezi zinyoni zichitha isikhathi sokuzalela e-Arctic futhi zifudukela e-Antarctic ngesikhathi sasebusika enyakatho ye-hemisphere. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ama-polar terns anqoba aze afike ku-70 000 km.
Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa
Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa (Ursus Maritimus) - esinye sezilwane ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Amabhere we-polar anokudla okucishe kufaniswe ngokuphelele nezimpawu ezinamathele nezimpawu zomzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi zidla nezidumbu zasogwini zemikhomo, ama-walruse, namaqanda ezinyoni. Uhla lwezindawo zokuhlala zamabhele olilinganiselwe lukhawulelwe e-Arctic, lapho inani elikhulu leqhwa nezimpawu zomzimba zakha izimo ezifanele zalaba bantu abazingelayo ababi.
Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) - Izilwane zasolwandle ezinkulu ezihlala olwandle i-Arctic, ugu lwe-Eastern Siberia, i-Wrangel Island, uLwandle iBeaufort kanye nogu lweNyakatho Alaska. Ama-Walruses adla izilwane ezahlukahlukene, kubandakanya i-shellfish, ukhukhamba olwandle, umhluzi, umqhele weshubhu, kanye nezinye izilwanyane zasolwandle. Abanye abahlaseli besabisa ama-walrus, kufaka phakathi imikhomo ebulala kanye namabhere amnyama.
I-Ptarmigan
I-Ptarmigan (I-Lagopus muta) - Inyoni ephakathi nendawo ehlala e-tundra. Ebusika, i-plumage ye-tundra partridge imhlophe ngokuphelele, futhi ehlobo isemotley nge-tint grey brown. Ama-Tundra partridges adla ku-willow ne-birch buds. Ziphinde zidle amajikijolo, imbewu, amaqabunga nezimbali.
Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Atlantic
Izinyoni zidla ikakhulu izinhlanzi, kwesinye isikhathi nazo zidla ama-clams amancane kanye nama-shrimps. Ubukhulu be-Atlantic efile ukuphela ngu-30- 35 cm.
Igama lesiRussia "ukuphela kufile" livela egameni elithi "dull" futhi lihambisana nokwakheka okukhulu, okuyindilinga yoqhwaku lwenyoni
Ingwe yolwandle
Lesi sidlakela esinolaka futhi esiyingozi se-Arctic Ocean. Ungowomndeni wezimpawu zamakhulu, yize ngaphandle kungabonakali njengazo. Isilwane sinomzimba ofana nenyoka, ikhanda elithobekile elinemigqa emibili yamazinyo abukhali. Izingwe zolwandle zinesisindo esingu-270-400 kg, ubude bude bufika kumamitha ayi-3-4. Akunamafutha angenasisekelo. Umbala wesikhumba onsundu, isisu simhlophe. Kukhona amabala amnyama ezinhlangothini nasekhanda, ngenxa yalokhu athola igama lakhe elinolaka.
I-Harbour seal
Abadala bafinyelela ku-1.85 m ubude kanye no-132 kg wesisindo. Isigaxa esijwayelekile, njengakwezinye izinhlobo ezincane, sidla kakhulu izinhlanzi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ama-invertebrates, ama-crustaceans kanye nama-mollusks.
Ukubhaliswa okumbili kwembali evamile - i-European and insular - kubhalwe kwi-Red Book
I-White Owl
Inyoni enhle kakhulu. Lesi isisulu esinzima, esindiza ngaso sonke isikhathi siyisisulu. Izimpiko zesikhova zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Amadoda aphansi ngosayizi kuya kwabesifazane futhi anokucatshangelwa ngendlela yamachashaza amnyama. Amehlo aphuzi, izindlebe zincanyana kangangokuba azibonakali. Uqhwaku lumnyama, kepha lufihliwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kweplamu.
Izinzipho ezinde zisiza ukuzingela nokuhlala kamnandi endaweni ephakeme. Ukudla kuqukethe izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
Beluga whale
Isisekelo sokudla kwezilwane inhlanzi futhi, ngezinga elincane, ama-crustaceans nama-cephalopods. Iziduna ezinkulu kunazo zonke zohlobo lwe-beluga whales zifinyelela ku-6 m ubude namathani ama-2 ubunzima, izinsikazi zincane.
Izinguquko zesikhumba somkhomo we-Beluga whale nobudala: izingane ezisanda kuzalwa ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi zimnyama, ngemuva konyaka ziphenduke izimpunga futhi zizimpunga, abantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-3-5 bamhlophe qwa
Izilwane ze-Arctic enokhahlo
Ngaphandle kwe-Arctic Circle kudlulisela i-Arctic enokhahlo. Lona umhlaba wamahlane oqhwa, imimoya ebandayo ne-permafrost. Imvula iyivelakancane, futhi imisebe yelanga ayingene ebumnyameni bobusuku be-polar izinyanga eziyisithupha.
Yiziphi izilwane ezihlala e-Arctic? Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi hlobo luni lwezinto eziphilayo ezikhona lapho obekufanele zibe khona, okuphoqeleke ukuthi zichithe ubusika obunzima phakathi kwezingulube namakhaza ashubisa umnkantsha.
Kepha, naphezu kwezimo ezinzima kulezi zingxenye cishe izinhlobo ezimbili zezinto eziphilayo zihlala izilwane zase-Arctic (use Izithombe ungaqinisekisa ukwahluka kwabo). Ebumnyameni obungapheliyo, okhanyiswe kuphela ngamalambu asenyakatho, kufanele aphile futhi azitholele owawo ukudla, alwa ihora ngalinye ngokuba khona kwawo.
Izidalwa ezinemibala ezimeni esezishiwo ngokwedlulele sezilula. Ngenxa yemvelo yabo, banamathuba amaningi okusinda. Kungakho izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zezinyoni zihlala ezweni lasenyakatho elinonya.
Iningi lazo liyafuduka, lishiya umhlaba ongapheli ongenakuvinjwa ekuqaleni kobusika obunzima. Ngokuqala kwezinsuku zasentwasahlobo, babuyela emuva ukuze basebenzise izipho zemvelo ye-arctic exing.
Ezinyangeni zasehlobo kunokudla okwanele ngaphesheya kwe-Arctic Circle, futhi ukukhanyisa kwewashi kuwumphumela wosuku olude, isigamu sonyaka, usuku lwe-polar. izilwane nezinyoni ze-Arctic ukuthola ukudla okudingekayo.
Noma ehlobo, izinga lokushisa kule nsimu alikhuphuki kangangokuba imijikelezo yeqhwa neqhwa eliwa okwesikhashana linikeza ithuba lokuthatha ikhefu kusuka ebunzimeni kulo mbuso weqhwa, ngaphandle kwesikhashana esifushane, inyanga nesigamu, hhayi ngaphezulu. Ihlobo kuphela elingashisi nemifudlana yase-Atlantic okuletha ukufudumala kule ndawo, ukufudumala, kufile kusukela ekubuseni kweqhwa, amanzi eningizimu-ntshonalanga.
Ezithombeni zezilwane ze-Arctic
Kodwa-ke, imvelo yanakekela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kulondolozwe ukushisa, ukushoda kwalo kuzwakala ngisho nasehlobo elifushane, kanye nomnotho onengqondo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo: izilwane zinoboya obude obukhulu, izinyoni zinenqwaba efanele isimo sezulu.
Iningi lazo linobubanzi obukhulu bamafutha abizwa ngokuthi ama-subcutaneous. Isisindo esihehayo sisiza izilwane eziningi ezinkulu ukuthi zikhiqize inani elifanele lokushisa.
Abanye babamele iziloba zaseNyakatho Ekude bahlukaniswa izindlebe nemilenze emincane, ngoba ukwakheka okunjalo kubavumela ukuthi bangaboli, okuyinto exhasa kakhulu impilo yezilwane e-Arctic.
Futhi izinyoni, impela ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zinemilomo emincane. Umbala wezidalwa zendawo echaziwe, njengomthetho, umhlophe noma ulula, futhi esiza izitho ezihlukahlukene ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi zingabonakali eqhweni.
Kunjalo izilwanyana ze-Arctic. Ngokumangazayo, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zasenyakatho, ekulweni nesimo sezulu esinzima nezimo ezingezinhle, ziyaxhumana, ezisiza ukunqoba ubunzima ndawonye futhi zigweme izingozi. Futhi izakhiwo ezinjalo zezinto eziphilayo zingenye ubufakazi bokuthi zisetshenziswa esinengqondo sendalo enamanzi amaningi.
Ikhodi ye-Polar
Izinhlanzi zingokwesigaba sezidalwa ezincane ezihlala olwandle lwe-Arctic. Ukuchitha impilo yakhe ngobukhulu bamanzi abandayo, i-polod cod ibekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Lezi zidalwa zasemanzini zondla ngeplankton, ezithinta kahle ukulingana kokulingana kwezinto eziphilayo. Bona uqobo basebenza njengomthombo wokudla wezinyoni ezinhlobonhlobo zasenyakatho, zasolwandle nama-cetaceans.
Izinhlanzi zekhakhodi zepolar
Haddock
Izinhlanzi zikhulu ngokwanele (kufika ku-70 cm). Imvamisa inesisindo cishe ezimbili, kepha kwenzeka ukuthi ifinyelela ku-19 kg. Umzimba walesi silwanyana wasemanzini ubanzi, uyisicaba emaceleni, emuva ngimpunga emnyama, kanti isisu simile. Ulayini omnyama onobuntu ugijima eduze kwesiqu endaweni eya phezulu. Izinhlanzi zihlala ezikoleni futhi ziyizimpahla ezibalulekile ezithengiswayo.
Inhlanzi yeHaddock
I-Arctic cyan
Inenye igama: i-mane yebhubesi, ebhekwe phakathi kwezakhamizi zasemanzini zeplanethi njenge-jellyfish enkulu kunazo zonke. Isambulela saso sifinyelela kububanzi obungamamitha amabili, futhi amatende abude bawo obungamamitha.
Impilo yamaCyanidean ayihlali isikhathi eside, isizini eyodwa kuphela yehlobo. Ngokuqala kwekwindla, lezi zidalwa ziyafa, futhi entwasahlobo entsha, kuqhamuka abantu abakhula ngokushesha. ICyanaea idla izinhlanzi ezincane ne-zooplankton.
I-Jellyfish
I-polar goose
Le nyoni ibizwa nangokuthi i-goose emhlophe ngenxa yempaphe yayo emhlophe qhwa qhwa, futhi ngamathiphu kuphela amaphiko ezinyoni ahlukaniswa imivimbo emnyama. Zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu amahlanu, kanti izidleke zazo, njengama-eider, zifakwe umugqa ngokwazo phansi.
Lezi zakhamizi zasogwini lwe-Arctic zibalekela umkhuhlane wokubulawa kobusika obunamandla, obundizela eningizimu. Lolu hlobo lwama-goose zasendle lubhekwa njengeluqabukela.
I-polar white goose
I-Polar gull
Inenqwaba yephunga elimpunga, amaphiko amnyama kancane, uqhwaku luhlaza okotshani, imilenze ipinki. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-polar gull yinhlanzi, kepha lezi zinyoni zidla futhi ama-clams namaqanda ezinye izinyoni. Bahlala cishe amashumi amabili eminyaka.
Ama-polar terns
Le nyoni idume ngobubanzi bayo (kufika kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30) nesikhathi (cishe izinyanga ezine) ezindizeni, ichitha ubusika e-Antarctica. Izinyoni zindizela enyakatho e-Arctic ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, zidala amakoloni amakhulu.
Izici ezihlukile zingumsila oboshelwe kanye nephepha elimnyama ekhanda lakhe. Imifantu ibonakala ngokuqapha kanye nolaka. Iminyaka yokuphila kwabo ingaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu.
Ama-polar terns
Loon
Izinyoni zasolwandle zase-Arctic, ezihlala ikakhulukazi i-waterfowl. Loon uchitha isikhathi e-North North ikakhulukazi kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba, eyinyoni efudukayo. Inobukhulu bekadesi elikhulu, dives nokubhukuda ngokuphelele, futhi ngezikhathi zengozi ifaka umzimba ngokujulile emanzini, inhloko eyodwa kuphela esele ngaphandle.
Esithombeni, inyoni eyi-loon