IGolden Mantella noma iMadagascar Frog iyi-amphibian enemibala emangazayo ehlala emahlathini emvula aseMadagascar. I-mantella yegolide ingasebenza njengomhlobiso wanoma iyiphi iqoqo le-amphibian. Akumangalisi ukuthi ama-herpatologists esiNgisi nawaseMelika awubiza ngokuthi i-mantella yegolide noma i-mantella yegolide.

Iminyaka eminingi, i-mantella kuthiwa yenziwa ngumndeni wakwa-Dendopatidae, kepha izifundo zocwaningo lwe-anatomy zesilwane zikufakazele ukuthi aluzange luphume emndenini wakwaRanidae. Emndenini, ihlukaniswa ibe yi-monotypic ekhethekile (okungukuthi, emelelwa uhlobo olulodwa kuphela) uhlobo uMantella.

Izithombe uGolden Mantella

Isithonjana salesi sitho sinikezwa ezincwadini eziningi ezithandwayo nge-hepatology, kepha i-biology iyantuleka noma iyashoda kakhulu.

Ngokusekelwe kulwazi lwabasebenzi abathile baseMosari (i-O.I.Shubravy nabanye), singatshela okulandelayo ngalesi sitha. Ngendlela yokuphila nemikhuba, i-mantella isondela kumaxoxo esihlahleni. Kubonakala ngokusebenza ebusuku kuphela. Esikhathini esiningi ixoxo lichitha ezitshalweni, ngezikhathi ezithile zehlela emhlabathini.

Mantella funa kumswakama, ngakho-ke, ku-terrarium kufanele kube nedamu nezitshalo ze-tradescantia, abamele umndeni we-aroid, i-arrowroot. Ukushisa: 20-28C. Kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-mantelles ahlushwa kakhulu ngokweqile, ngakho-ke, uma i-terrarium ivezwa ilanga, kufanele kube nendawo yokukhosela kuyo. Inhlabathi - udoti wamanzi moss. Amaxoxo akhetha ngokusobala izinambuzane ezindizayo: izimpukane zasendlini, izimpukane zezithelo, omiyane, kepha futhi ziyenqaba amaphela amancane namakhethini.

Mantella sithambekele kakhulu ezifweni ezahlukahlukene futhi kunzima ukuzigcina zithunjiwe. Ngenkathi lokhu kuyizilwane eziyinkinga yamaphethethi futhi nakwezindawo ezinkulu zasekhaya akuvamile.

Ibhayoloji

Amaxoxo ayi-16 avela kuhlobo Mantella (Umndeni wakwaMantellidae) ubekelwe umkhawulo eMadagascar, yize ezinye zihlala eReunion naseziqhingini eziseduze. Ama-Mantellas angena ku-3.5cm ubude.

Imibala e-Vigrant ixwayisa izisulu ezithi uMantella angadedela ubuthi obunamandla uma ehlaselwa. Izazi zemishanguzo ezivela eCalifornia Academy of Science ziye zathola ukuthi amaMantelles akhiqiza lobu buthi noma ama-alkaloid ekudleni kwawo. Umthombo wobuthi, okungenani ezinhlotsheni ezithile, uyintuthwane engapheli Anochetus grandidieri. Futhi lesi yisibonelo sokuziphendukela kwemvelo okumangalisayo, ngoba izingxenye eziyi-13 zezinobuthi ezitholakala esikhunjeni sikaMantell nazo zatholakala zingahambisani namaxoxo anobuthi angahambisaniyo anondla izintuthwane ezingama-Anochetus ePanama!
(Qaphela: Kuyiqiniso ukuthi, e-terrarium, zombili izihlahla ze-mantella nezihlahla ezinobuthi ziyeka ukukhiqiza izinto ezinobuthi.)

ITerrarium

Ama-Mantellas athanda kakhulu ama-terrariums atshalwe ngama-ferns bukhoma, ama-bromeliads, philodendron nezinye izitshalo. Umthamo otshalwe phansi kanye nenani elikhulu lendawo yokukhosela izokunikeza ukubukwa okuningi okuthokozisayo, ngoba amasele azozizwa ephephile futhi aziphatha ngokusebenza.

I-pair noma i-trio ingagcinwa ku-terre-litre-litre-45, futhi amavolumu amakhulu angagcinwa ngama-mantellas ngamaqembu.

Ama-mantelles, njengamaxoxo anobuthi, achitha iningi lempilo yawo emhlabeni futhi aminza kalula. Ngakho-ke, ungqimba lwamanzi atholakalayo kufanele lube yi-1-1,5 cm, isitsha esingashisi noma inketho yokuthambisa yesisekelo kungenzeka.

Futhi khumbula ukuthi ama-mantels angahamba engilazini futhi aphume ngisho nezimbobo ezincane kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-terrarium kumele ivalwe ngokuqinile futhi isivalo sivikeleke ngeziqeshana (uma kungasuswa).

Isigatshana

Ingxube yama-coconut chips ne-substrate yokuhweba yamahlathi ashisayo ifaneleka kahle. Udoti we-Leaf noma i-sphagnum moss kufanele umboze wonke umhlaba we-substrate ukusiza ukugcina umswakama.

Shanela

Izinga elithile lemisebe ye-ultraviolet ye-spectrum B lingase lisebenze. Futhi i-UVA ingasiza ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kwemvelo, okubandakanya ukuzala kabusha.

Ukushisa

Ama-mantelles ngokuvamile ahlala ezintabeni noma ekujuleni ehlathini futhi adinga amazinga okushisa aphansi kunalokho obekulindelwe. Okuhle kunakho konke abahlala ku-20-25 C, iningi labo liyafa lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula i-27 ° C.

Isibani sasemini singafudumeza ithala.
Uma izinga lokushisa lisephansi, zama isibani esincane se-incandescent, kepha qiniseka ukuthi umswakama uhlala uphezulu. I-heater ceramic noma i-mat efudumele ingasetshenziswa ebumnyameni. (Qaphela. Izinketho zokubamba okupholile zinikezwa ku-athikili ehlukile)

Umswakama

Ama-Mantellas adinga umswakama ezingeni lama-80-100%, kuyadingeka ukuligcina ungqimba lwe-moss bese ufafaza kakhulu i-terrarium. Izinhlelo zokufafaza ngokuzenzakalela nezinzwa zomswakama ziwusizo ikakhulu ezindlini ezomile nasezimweni sezulu ezomile.

Ukondla

Ukondliwa okuhlukahlukene kubaluleke kakhulu..
Amakhethini kuphela, noma efafazwe ngeezithasiselo, akuyona ukudla okwanele. Njengoba amaMantellas amakhulu kunawo wonke afinyelela ku-3.5cm ubude, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla okufanele kudinga ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela. Bheka amaxoxo akho ngokucophelela - amasele angondlekile anesisu esisicaba, namathambo e-pelvic nawo nawo azonamathela.

Ngokufanelekile, ukondla kufanele kube nesamba esiphezulu sokuphakelwa okulandelayo:

- Izimpukane ezincane, amabhubhu namabhu kungalandwa ngesicupho I-Zoo Med Bug Napper .

- I-Nailtail noma i-collembole: Izilimo ezidayiswayo zitholakala ngokuhweba, zingadotshwa ngokuzimela noma zingavunwa ngaphansi kwamahlamvu awile.

- Ama-Termites: kuvunwa izingodo ezifile noma kusetshenziswa izicupho ezilula (kwi-Russian Federation ayisebenzi)

- Izibungu ze-Healer mabhungane: zitholakala ngokuthengisa, kulula ukuzalanisa ngokuzimela.

- Izintuthwane: ucwaningo luyadingeka, njengoba ezinye izinhlobo zinqatshwa.

- Ama-aphid: izinambuzane ezincane ezenza izisekelo zezitshalo, ngenkathi efudumele ziqoqwe ngokwemvelo, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zingadotshwa ngokuzimela.

- “Insimu yepulankton”: Ukubuthana kwezinambuzane lapho kushunqa utshani obude ngenethi yam uvemvane.

— inothi: Amaqhude asanda kuzalwa amaTurkmen nezinye izinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo nawo kufanelekile ukusuthisa ama-manteled. Kulula ukuzalanisa ngokuzimela.

AmaMantellas anesifiso esikhulu sokudla futhi kufanele adliwe nsuku zonke noma ezimbili. Kunokuphawulwa ukuthi i-mantella eyodwa onsundu idla izintuthwane ezingama-53 ngemizuzu engama-30!

Kubalulekile ukufafaza iningi lama-feed nge-calcium ephezulu enimpuphu noma umkhiqizo ofanayo kanye nesengezo sevithamini esinevithamini D3 okungenani kathathu ngeviki.

IVivarium yeGolden Mantella

Thayipha: i-vivarium yokhuni ngodonga lwengilazi lwangaphambili (ukuvimbela ama-paws nesihlakala kusuka ekushisweni). I-vivarium ephezulu kufanele ivalwe ngesivimbo, ngoba ama-manteled angakwazi ukuphunyula (ungakhohlwa mayelana nokuphefumula okuphoqelekile!).
Usayizi: usayizi wabantu abangu-3-4 - 60x30x30 cm, amasele ayi-10-12 - 90x40x50 cm.
Isigatshana (umugqa ongaphansi): sphagnum moss, Javanese moss.
Ukuhlanza / ukuhlanza: i-mantella eqinile ingcolile, ngakho-ke i-vivarium kufanele ihlanzwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7, uma kukhona amaxoxo amaningi - njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4. Uma i-terrarium ingahlanzwa ngesikhathi, ama-mantelles ayagula ngezifo ezahlukahlukene. Ukuhlanza nokusebenza sebenzisa ama-disinfectants akhanyayo, njenge-Detox. Ngemuva kokudukiswa emzimbeni, zonke izinto zihlanzwa kahle emanzini ahlanzekile.

Ukushisa: isikhathi sasemini - 20-16 ° C (kuze kufike ku-23.5 ° C kuvunyelwe), isikhathi sasebusuku - 18-20 ° C.
Ukushisa: ukusebenzisa i-pad heating (ene-thermostat) etholakala ngaphansi kuka-1/2 phansi ezansi kwethrafti.
Isibani: izibani ze-fluorescent ezinokukhanya okugcwele kwemisebe ye-UV. Isikhathi sasemini: ehlobo - amahora ayi-14, ebusika (Novemba-Mashi) - amahora ayi-11.
Umswakama: kuze kufike ku-90%. Futha amanzi kanye ngosuku.
Izitshalo: izitshalo ezikhuphukayo (isib. I-Fittonia, i-ivy ejwayelekile), ama-ferns Kuvunguza, ama-bromeliads, umjuluko. Izitshalo ziqala ngokutshalwa emabhodweni, bese zibekwa ku-terrarium. Phansi kwamabhodwe kumbozwe moss.
Isichibi: isitsha esingajulile (2 cm ukujula, 10 cm ubukhulu) esinamanzi acacile. Isitsha sibekwa kude nokushisa nokukhanya.
Design: udinga ukufaka amatshe, izingodo, amagatsha (konke okwakha izindawo eziyimfihlo nokuphakama).

Ukuzala kukaGolden Mantella

Ukulungiselela: ngaphansi kwezimo ezithandekayo, abesilisa baziphatha ngokwasemikhakheni bese beqala ukucula. Uma indawo yabesilisa ingazwakalanga kahle, bacula kabi, bakhuphula inani lokuphakelwa, futhi ngezinsuku ezifudumele fafaza amanzi ngaphezu kwesiqalo. Ukuqomisana kwe-mantella kwenzeka ngasese, ngaphansi kwamagxolo noma izingodo. Amaqanda akufanele athintwe izinsuku eziningana ngemuva kokubekwa. Izinsikazi zingazalela amaqanda njalo ezinyangeni ezimbili.
I-Adariable terarium / i-aquarium: izinga lokushisa lamanzi lama-tadpoles - 18-23 ° C.
Isilinganiso sabesilisa nabesifazane: 2: 2
Ukukhulelwa / ukufakwa ekukhulelweni: lapho kuzalwa amabinzana athunjiwe, kubhekwa amaphesenti amaningi amaqanda angenazimpawu. Ngakho-ke, uma kungakapheli amahora angama-18-30 ngemuva kokubekwa, azikho izimpawu zokukhula kombungu eziqwiniwe emaqanda, kusho ukuthi azange zivundiswe.
Isithombo: izibungu zesibungu kungakapheli izinsuku ezi-2-6. Fafaza amaqanda njalo. Kuyo yonke inkathi yokuthuthuka kwama-tadpoles, qiniseka ukusula amanzi ku-excrement of tadpoles. Ukudabula umsila wetadpoles, udinga ukulungiselela ngokungeziwe: yenza ibhishi elinomusa (beka ulwandle nge-moss) ukuze amasele aphume emanzini. Lapho nje i-mantella ifika emhlabeni futhi ikhula ibe ngu-5-10 mm, kufanele ifakwe emgqonyeni weplastiki ohlukile (phansi kwesitsha kufakwe u-moss), ungakhohlwa ukubeka isitsha esincane (cm 2,5 cm) ngamanzi ngaphakathi. Ama-mantelles amancane anikwa ama-aphid, ngoba iDrosophila inkulu kakhulu kubo. Kulesi sigaba sentuthuko, izinga lokushona kwabantu elingu-30-50% libonelwa ama-manteled, kungakhathalekile ukuthi kungakanani ukudla obekukhona. Ngemuva kwamaviki ayi-10-12, ama-mantelles apendwe ngemibala egqamile futhi akhula abe ngu-10-14 mm.
Ukondla abantu abasha: ama-tadpoles yi-herbivores, kepha angayidla inyama, ukudla kwenhlanzi (i-trout) nesaladi (iqabunga le-lettu licindezelwe kuze kufike phansi kwe-terarium ngetshe).
Izinga lokukhula: kuya ngezinhlobo - ezinsukwini ezingama-45 ukuya kwezingu-60.

Izifo zeGolide Mantella

Ukuqagelwa kwezifo: ama-mantelles ajwayele ukugula kakhulu ngenxa yesondlo esingafanele, futhi uma ebanjwe endalweni, lapho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi asevele egula (ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthenga amagama abizelwe ekudingisweni). Ngomswakama ophezulu, i-mantella igula kalula ngezifo ezahlukahlukene zamagciwane. Onke amaxoxo amasha kufanele abekwe yedwa emavikini ama-2.
Izifo eziphambili: ukutheleleka ngamagciwane Aeromonas hydrophilia, HRMSS (imisipha cramp syndrome ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu), ezinye izifo zama-amphibians.

Amazwana: abesilisa be-mantella yegolide bancane futhi baba mfushane kunezinsikazi; azishisi njengazo ezinye izinhlobo zentwala. Kwesinye isikhathi, amasele emathangeni angaphakathi angabona amachashazi abomvu (amabala), lezi akuzona izimpawu zesifo "somlenze obomvu", kodwa umbala wemvelo we-mantella yegolide.

UGolden Mantella (Mantella aurantiaca)

Umlayezo ilya 72 »Aug 04, 2014 8: 58 pm

Izinga Lokushisa: 22-24
Ukudla: Izinambuzane ezincane

Faka noma engeza incazelo UGolden Mantella (Mantella aurantiaca) kungenzeka kule ntambo.
Buza umbuzo mayelana UGolden Mantella (Mantella aurantiaca) kungenzeka kule ntambo noma engxenyeni yeTerrarium

Ukuhlelwa kwethrasti yama-mantelles egolide

Yize la maxoxo emincane kakhulu, adinga ithala elibanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abesilisa bakhombisa ukwanda kwenkundla: balwela izindawo zokondla nokuzala.

Eqenjini labantu abayisithupha, i-terrarium 80 nge-30 ngamasentimitha angama-30 kufanelekile. Uma kungukuthi ku-terrarium kuzoba nezindawo zokukhosela eziningi nezinto ezizonquma ivolumu ngokwezifiso. Inani lendawo yokukhosela kufanele lihambisane nenombolo yamaxoxo.

Ihlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, ezindaweni eziphansi neziphakathi kwezintaba.

Izitshalo zingatshalwa ku-terrarium, kepha amakheji alula angasetshenziswa. AmaTerrarium anezitshalo eziphilayo ayathandeka, ngoba abukeka emangalisa ngokwengeziwe.

Isendlalelo esise-terrarium kufanele sigcine umswakama ngenkathi singanamatheli emizimbeni yamaxoxo. Ungasebenzisi i-gravel; ungafaka amathawula wephepha emanzi ngaphansi kwethala.

I-terrarium kufanele ifakwe ngesembozo esithembekile, ngoba izimbotshana zegolide zingakhuphukela ngisho nakuma-crevices amancane.

Lamaxoxo awabekezeleli amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu futhi omisa nomoya.

Umswakama kanye lokushisa ku-terrarium

Lamaxoxo azwela kakhulu ekushiseni. E-terrarium, kunconywa ukuthi kulondolozwe amazinga okushisa angama-20-23 degrees emini, kuthi ebusuku kwehliswe ku-18 degrees. Lapho okuqukethwe kwama-mantelles egolide at lokushisa elingaphezu kwama-27 degrees, aqala ukuminyanisa izicubu zomzimba, ezigcina ngokufa. Kepha bakubekezelela ukwehla ngamazinga okushisa kuya kuma-14 degrees.

Lamaxoxo azizwa emuhle kakhulu. Uma umswakama uphansi, khona-ke i-mantella iba ngamavila, futhi ngethala elomile, izidalwa zazo zidonswa amanzi emzimbeni ngokushesha. Ngaphakathi kwe-terrarium, umswakama kufanele ube ngu-70-100%. Kulokhu, ukuhlala kwama-mantellas kufafazwa njalo ngamanzi, noma kungafakwa i-waterfall.

Faka amagama amidwebo kumathafa awugqinsi ngokuthe xaxa ngesendlalelo somhlabathi we-hygroscopic.

Kuwo wonke unyaka, izingilazi zegolide kufanele zibe nesitsha samanzi, esisetshenziswa njengendawo yokugcina amanzi. Kepha ugu kufanele lube lula ukuze amaxoxo akwazi ukuphuma ngokuphepha, ngoba akubalulekile ukubhukuda, futhi angashona uma engakwazi ukuphuma emanzini. Amanzi ompompi aphathwa nge-air conditioning ukususa i-chlorine nezinsimbi ezisindayo; esikhundleni samanzi ompompi, amanzi asebhodleleni asebenza kahle.

Ukuzala kukaGolden Mantella

Ama-mantellas egolide azala kangcono lapho zigcinwa ngamaqembu lapho kukhona abesilisa abaningana kowesifazane ngamunye. Ukuvuselela ukuzala izinyanga ezintathu, kwenziwa i-microclimate epholile neyomile, inciphisa ukukhanya kube amahora ayi-10 ngosuku. Izinga lamanzi liyancishiswa, futhi i-terrarium ifafazwa amahlandla ambalwa ngeviki. Ngaleso sikhathi, impilo yezilwane ezifuywayo kufanele ibhekwe ngokucophelela, ngoba lezi zimo azizifanele. Uma abantu abathile behla isisindo noma bexineka, badluliselwa kwi-terrarium enezimo ezijwayelekile.

Amaqanda Ama-Golden Mantella.

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3, izinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nokuqina kokuphaka kuyakhuphuka. Emavikini ambalwa emva kwenkathi epholile neyomile, izinsikazi ngokuvamile ziqala ukuphuma.

Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda ku-crevice emanzi futhi efudumele, ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kwamaqhuqhuva e-moss. Imvamisa abesilisa bafaka ingxenye yenkonyane kuphela. Ukusuka kumenzi oyedwa, inani elihlukile lama-tadpoles avela kubantu abangu-10-90 angatholakala. Amaqanda angafakiwe abe nombala omhlophe ogqamile, kepha asheshe aphenduke abe nsundu.

Kungcono ukugcina amaxoxo anjalo emaqenjini, azithanda kakhulu izinkampani.

Amaqanda ayavunwa emva kwezinsuku ezintathu bese ebekwa esitsheni esihlukile lapho akhule khona. Amaqanda afakwa esixukwini seJavanese moss, ukuze angangeni ngokuphelele emanzini, kodwa awathinte kuphela. Esikhathini esingangesonto, kuzothuthuka izibuko ngaphakathi kwe-caviar. Isitsha kumele sivalwe ukuze kugcinwe umswakama. I-Caviar ifafazwa ngamanzi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze yenze kube lula ukubhula kwamadados.

Ukunakekelwa kweGolide Mantella Tadpole

Izinsuku zokuqala ngemuva kokudonswa kwezihlahla zemidlwane, azondliwa. Ama-tpopoles atshalwa ezitsheni zepulasitiki ezinamaJavanese moss neziqu ze-scindapsus, ama-tadpoles afihlwe ezitshalweni, futhi athuthukisa ikhwalithi yamanzi.

Izibalo ezisanda kuzalwa ze-mantella yegolide.

Ekuqaleni, ukujula kwamanzi esitsheni kungamasentimitha ayi-5, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iphakanyiselwa amasentimitha ayi-10. Amanzi ompompi asetshenziswa kuphela uma selaphathwe ngofakelo lomoya, ngoba ama-tadpoles afuna ikhwalithi yamanzi. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi ligcinwa ngaphakathi kwebanga lama-degrees angama-18- 26. Kepha ukuguquguquka kwesimo akufanele kube okubaluleke kakhulu.

Amadambose anikezwe ingxube yomhlaba we-spirulina, i-chlorella yomhlabathi, amachibi ezinhlanzi kanye namaphinifa wefudu. Zonke izithako zingumhlabathi odakeni futhi zinikezwa amathubuli nsuku zonke.Awukwazi ukubanqoba, ngoba amanzi asaphaza ngokushesha. Ama-Tadpoles nawo adla i-algae kusuka odongeni lwesitsha nabalingani babo abafile.

Kubantu abadala, i-subcutaneous glands secxin efana nePumiliotoxin, Allopumiliotoxin, Homopumiliotoxin, njll.

Amanzi awahlungwanga, kepha aguqulwa njalo, ngoba ukuhamba kwamanzi kuyingozi kuma-tadpoles abuthaka. Zonke izinsuku, 1/3 kwamanzi athathelwa indawo, futhi aguqulwe ngokuphelele, kuphela uma kuvela izinkinga.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwama-tadpoles avela kumaski afanayo ngokuvamile akwenzeki ngendlela efanayo. Ama-watpoles akhula cishe amaviki angama-4-8. Lapho amaphambili abo eqala ukukhula, aphuma emanzini, ngaleso sikhathi abekwa ngokushesha esitsheni esehlukile esinamazinga wamanzi angabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-1,3. Lesi siqukathi simboziwe.

Lapho umsila unyamalala emihlangeni, amaxoxo amancane atshalwa emjondolo ngamathawula amaphepha amnyama phansi. Kufanele kube nezindawo zokukhosela, amaqabunga e-oki, amaqabunga e-scindapsus, noma izitshalo zokufakelwa esidlekeni.

Ngokwesihlukaniso se-IUCN, inani lamaxoxo wezinhlobo zeGolden Mantella, ngenxa yokuhlehliswa kwamahlathi kwamahlathi ashisayo, libizwa ngokuthi yi-Endangered Species (CR) futhi lisengozini yokuqothulwa.

Ukunakekelwa Okuncane KweMantella

Lapho umsila unyamalala ngokuphelele, ubude bamaxoxo buzoba ngamamilimitha ayi-7-10. Ngalesi sikhathi banombala onsundu. Isele londliwa izinambuzane ezincane. I-Drosophila kanye namakhethini asanda kuzalwa ayifanele le njongo.

Uma amaxoxo emincane kakhulu futhi engakwazi ukubhekana nokudla okunjalo, khona-ke izingcezu zamaqabunga ama-humus asemgwaqweni afakwa esitsheni, lapho kutholakala khona amasele ezinambuzane ezincane.

Lapho amasele ephenduka izinyanga ezintathu ubudala, adluliselwa esitsheni enomhlabathi omanzi, lapho kunamatshe, izingcezu zamagxolo nezitshalo zokufakelwa zezindawo zokukhosela.

Amaxoxo nawo ayabhekelwa, kanye nezingubo zangaphansi zegolide, imvamisa yezinguquko zokondla. Amasele amancane kufanele abe nokudla njalo endaweni yokudla. Izinyanga ezingama-3-8 ngemuva kokuba amasele eshiye amanzi, anombala wabantu abadala.

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Indaba

Yathola igama layo ngokwesayensi ukuhlonipha isazi semvelo saseMelika sodabuka Czech, uJames Zetek, odume ngocwaningo lwakhe emkhakheni wethonya lamakhemikhali kuma-termites nokuthi angavikela kanjani ifenisha ekuhlaselweni. Isithombe sakhe sibekwe emathikithi elotho likazwelonke lasePanamani, abaningi basibona njengophawu lwezwe.

Le amphibian ingesinye sezidalwa ezinobuthi kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. Ukuvikela izisulu, ebusweni bomzimba wakhe kuqukethe i-neurotoxin tetrodotoxin, enomphumela we-neuroparalytic. Ukuhlushwa kwayo kwanele ukuthumela abantu abaningana emhlabeni olandelayo. AmaNdiya endawo ngokwesiko ayigcoba ngama-arrowheads ngaphambi kokuzingela futhi aqukethe lezi zidalwa eziyingozi kodwa ezinhle njengezilwane ezifuywayo.

Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba wesilisa bufinyelela ku-35-6 cm, kuthi abesifazane kube ngu-45-63 mm. Isisindo sisukela ku-4 kuya ku-15 g. Umzimba omncane wethambile ubukeka uthambile kakhulu.

Isikhumba esikhanyayo sinombala ophuzi noma owolintshi enamabala amaningi amnyama ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Ikhanda linciphiswe kancane kuye kufushane i-muzzle. Amehlo amakhulu anabafundi be-elliptical asezinhlangothini zekhanda ngaphambili. Izindlebe azibonakali, i-eardrum imbozwe ngesikhumba. Izinduna zetyhefu zitholakala ngemuva kwamehlo.

Ukubhebhetheka

I-Atelope Tseteka ingesinye sezilwane ezise-Central America. Okwamanje kutholakala kuphela ezifundeni eziphakathi nePanama. Amapulangwe okugcina egolide agcinwe ezifundazweni zaseNtshonalanga Panama naseKokle. Bahlala eduzane nedolobhana lase-El Valle de Anton nase-Altos de Campana National Park endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-330 kuya ku-1300 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.

Izinhlobo ze-Atelopus zeteki zisesigabeni sokuqothulwa. EHouston Zoo (e-USA), umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ukuwukhipha ekudingisweni ngokuqhubeka nokuhlala endaweni yemvelo. Ama-Amphibians ahlala emahlathini emvula futhi angaholela ekuziphatheni kwasemhlabeni nasekuphikiseni.

Amaxoxo avame ukutheleleka ngefungus ebulalayo iBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Abakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukungatheleleki kuye, okuholele ekunciphiseni kwenhlekelele ngamanani abo. Ukwelapha okusebenzayo kwalesi sifo asikadalwa.

Ezokuxhumana

Amaxoxo wegolide wasePanamani axhumana nomunye ngemisindo yomphimbo kanye nokunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi kwemilenze. Ingqimba yezimpawu zokuxhumana yande kakhulu futhi ingadlulisela inani elikhulu lemininingwane. Ukushukuma komzimba kusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwakha isakhiwo sobuphathi, ubudlelwano bezenhlalo, ukubonisa ubutha noma ubungane.

Ama-amphibians aphilayo abona ukuma kwezitho zamannequins angaphili njengokubiza isenzo, ngemuva kwenhlanganisela engathandeki, angafikelwa ulaka lwangempela futhi ahlasele abantu bakithi abangamakhosi. Izimpawu ezinomsindo zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuheha abantu bobulili obuhlukile uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi.

Umsoco

Ama-larvae adla ama-microorganisms, abantu abadala badla izinambuzane, izicabucabu kanye nama-milliped. Ukuzingela kwenziwa ngesikhathi sasemini. Inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi walo lenzeka ekuseni nasekuseni kusihlwa.

Isele lifuna inyamazane ebusweni bomhlabathi, lihamba ngamaqabunga ahlanganisiwe.

Uma kunesidingo, gxuma ngokuxinekile emagatsheni bese uthola izindebe lapho. Isisulu sizingela kuqashele, sibambe isisulu ngomnyakazo wolimi oshesha umbani.

Ukuzala

Isele legolide lifinyelela ekukhuleni linonyaka owodwa ubudala. Isikhathi sokukhwelana senzeka ehlobo phakathi nenkathi yemvula, lapho sekwakhiwa izikhukhula, ngenxa yokugoba, kusetshenziswa imigodi yezihlahla ezigcwele amanzi noma ukufakwa okuncane emagqumeni.

Abesilisa bayizikhova ngokungakhathali ukuze bancenge izinsikazi. Ukuphonsa kweCaviar kanye nokufakwa komanyolo kwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye. Kwibhodi elilodwa kunamaqanda afinyelela kwayi-100, kuwo angaphezu kwama-70-90% avundisiwe.

Izinsuku eziningana, owesilisa yedwa uqapha ukubumbela, alindele ukuzalwa kwenzalo ngenkathi ukumiselwa kuqhubeka.

Uma njengamanje amanzi asemgodini noma esihlahleni somile, khona-ke ubaba onakekelayo udlulisela izingane zakhe kwelinye idamu eliseduze.

Ukuthuthukiswa kweTadpole kuthatha amasonto amane. Ukuntuleka kokudla kuholela ku-cannibalism phakathi kwezibungu. Abasindayo abanenhlanhla babhekana ne-metamorphosis ephelele futhi baphenduke amaxoxo amancane acishe abe ngu-10 mm ubude nesisindo esingu-1 g. Banombala oluhlaza okotshani, ovele kancane kancane lapho bekhula.

Amaxoxo amancane, amnyama ansundu awawona anobuthi. Kubantu abadala, i-subcutaneous glands secxin efana ne-Pumiliotoxin, i-Allopumiliotoxin, i-Homopumiliotoxin, iPyrrolizidine, i-Indolizidine ne-Quinolizidine, evikela amasele ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nezifo zokukhunta. Ukwakheka nobuningi bezimbongi ezisetshenziswa yizingubo zegolide kuncike ekudleni nasendaweni yazo, kungenzeka ukuthi izintuthwane namahlume asetshenziselwa ukudla kungumthombo wazo.

Ukuvikelwa Kwamanye amazwe

Ngokwesihlukaniso se-IUCN, inani lamaxoxo wezinhlobo zeGolden Mantella, ngenxa yokuhlehliswa kwamahlathi kwamahlathi ashisayo, libizwa ngokuthi yi-Endangered Species (CR) futhi lisengozini yokuqothulwa. Ngeminyaka yama-1990s, amakamelo egolide abanjwa ngenkuthalo futhi athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngamanani amakhulu phesheya, lapho athengiselwa khona emafrijini angasese. Ngo-2006, ukungeniswa kwalolu hlobo lwamaxoxo emazweni ase-European Community kwavalwa ngokuphelele. Njengamanje, amakamelo egolide aqukethe futhi acwaningwe kuyo yonke iplanethi kumasayithi angu-35 nasezikhungweni zesayensi.

Izimo zokuboshwa

Ukulungiswa, udinga i-terrarium encane ephansi, evalwe ngenhla ngesibuko nengilazi ethile (ukugcina umswakama). Amaxoxo adinga umswakama ophakeme - 85 - 95%, ngoba lokhu i-terrarium ifafazwa isifutho ngamanzi afudumele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukubeka indawo yokukhosela eminingana kusuka ezingxenyeni zamagxolo nezikeyidi. Ophuzayo kufanele angajulile, lapho kuzoba lula khona ukuthi amasele aphume. Inhlabathi ingxube yamaqabunga amahle, uthuli lokhuni kanye ne-peat noma i-sphagnum, ngaphezulu imbozwe ngesiqamelo se moss. Izinga lokushisa lasemini - 25, ebusuku - 20 ° C. Ukudilizwa kuyanconywa: ebusika, ama-manteled agcinwa emazingeni okushisa angama-5-10 ° izinyanga ezimbili. Lamaxoxo awabekezeleli amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu futhi omisa nomoya.

Kuyadingeka ichibi elincane kudoti, izinga lamanzi okungafanele libe ngaphezulu kuka-2-3 cm. Amahlathi apholile ezentaba anesilinganiso sokushisa esingu-15-24 ° C kanye nomswakama ophezulu (kuze kufike ku-90%). Isikhathi semvula sithatha cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha: kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi, isikhathi esomile (kuyabanda) siba ngo-Ephreli-Okthoba. I-mantella yegolide ingatholakala emhlabathini namaxhaphozi, ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile noma izimpande zezihlahla.