Uyemukelwa ekhasini 404! Ulapha ngoba ufake ikheli lekhasi elingasatholakali noma elidluliselwe kwelinye ikheli.

Ikhasi olicelile kungenzeka ukuthi lihanjisiwe noma lasuswa. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi wenze i-typo encane lapho ufaka ikheli - lokhu kuyenzeka nathi, ngakho-ke ihlole futhi ngokucophelela.

Uyacelwa ukuthi usebenzise indlela yokuhamba noma yokusesha ukuthola imininingwane oyithandayo. Uma unemibuzo, bese ubhalela umphathi.

Isikwele

Amaprotheni (lat. Sciurus) - uhlobo lwamagundane omndeni we-squirrel. Ngaphezu kohlobo ngokwalo ISciurus, amaprotheni abizwa nangokuthi iningi labameli bomndeni we-squirrel wamaprotheni abomvu we-genera (I-Tamiasciurus), ama-squirrels wesundu (I-Funambulus) nabanye abaningi. Ngokuqondene nohlobo olufanele ISciurus, bese ihlanganisa cishe izinhlobo ezingama-30 ezivamile eYurophu, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika nasendaweni efudumele yase-Asia.

Kwi-Latin sciurus - ukubolekwa kwamanye amaGrikhi. , "I-squirrel", futhi lapho kuvela ku-σκιά + οὐρά, ngokweqiniso "isithunzi somsila".

Ulwazi oluvamile

Uhlobo lwe-protein ejwayelekile lufakiwe esizweni seSururini kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezine.

Inomzimba ophakeme nomsila omude we-fluffy, izindlebe ezinde, umbala onsundu omnyama onesisu esimhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi ompunga (ikakhulukazi ebusika). Zitholakala yonke indawo ngaphandle kwase-Australia. I-squirrel ingumthombo woboya obalulekile.

Enye yezinto ezaziwa ngokuhlukanisa ama-squirrel amaningi amandla abo okugcina amantongomane ebusika. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-squirrel azingcwaba emhlabathini, ezinye zifihla emgodini wezihlahla. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi inkumbulo engemihle yezinhlobo ezithile zama-squirrels, ikakhulukazi isibabule, isiza ukugcina amahlathi, njengoba bembela amantongomane emhlabathini bese bakhohlwa ngabo, futhi kuvela izihlahla ezintsha ezinhlanyelweni ezihluma.

Kakhulu udla imifino ecebile ngamaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate namafutha. Isikhathi okunzima kakhulu kuma-squirrels ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho imbewu engcwatshwayo iqala ukuhluma futhi ingasakwazi ukudla njengokudla, futhi okusha kungakavuthwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaprotheni adla ngezinhlamvu zezihlahla, ikakhulukazi imephu yesiliva. Amaprotheni awesabekayo: ngaphezu kwamantongomane, imbewu, izithelo, amakhowe nezitshalo eziluhlaza, adla izinambuzane, amaqanda, nezinyoni ezincane kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo namasele. Kaningi, lokhu kudla kuthatha indawo yamantongomane wamaprotheni emazweni ashisayo.

Ama-squirrels ezindaweni zokuhlala ayakwazi ukondla kusuka kuzondli zezinyoni, bambe izitshalo ezitshaliwe bafuna imbewu, bahlale emakamelweni anjenge-attics. Ama-squirrels ayatholakala athengiswa.

Amazinyo wamaphrotheni ahlala ebukhali futhi kancane kancane agaya (ngamagundane, amazinyo akhula njalo). Ama-squirrels abhekwa njengezinambuzane - abanikazi bezindlu ezindaweni ezinenqwaba yama-squirrels kufanele bavale ngokucophelela izindlu zabo ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nama-attic, ngoba ama-squirrels angahlela izidleke zawo lapho noma acekele noma yini. Abanye basakaza izinwele zezilwane ezifuywayo (izinja noma amakati) kuma-attic nasezitezi ezingaphansi, okwenza ama-squirrels azizwe ukuba khona komphangi kulezi zindawo. Scarecrows zivame ukunganakwa yizilwane, futhi indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela into ukuthi ingonakalisi ukuyigcoba ngamafutha ngento engabekezeleleki, efana nopelepele omnyama. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-squirrels abeka izicupho abese ezihambisa ekhaya.

Amaphrotheni angadanjiswa ukuze adliwe ngesandla. Njengoba bekwazi ukufihla ukudla okuningana, bazokuthatha okuningi kuwe lapho unikela. Uma umuntu eqala ukondla i-squirrel, izobuyela kuye ngosuku lwengxenye entsha. Ama-squirrel ahlala emapaki nasezingadini ngaphakathi kwedolobha, kudala afunda ukuthi umuntu ungumthombo wokudla. Akukanconywa ukondla ama-squirrels ezandleni zakho - angatheleleka ngesifo noma ezinye izifo, ukulimaze isandla sakho noma ukulume kabuhlungu.

Ama-squirrels aqola ngobuqili amantongomane. Isilwane sihlaba zombili izisusa zangaphakathi endaweni lapho okunamathiselwe khona nati. Umhlathi ophansi wamaprotheni uqukethe ama-halves amabili axhunywe ngumsipha we-elastic. Lapho i-squirrel idonsa kancane ndawonye, ​​izisusa zokwehla kancane ziye ezinhlangothini futhi, njengegabha eliqhutshelwa emgodini, gawula inothi ngesigamu.

Amaprotheni angadala ukuphuma kwamandla, abangele imibuthano emfushane ezintweni ezisebenza ngamandla kagesi. E-United States, amaprotheni kabili emlandweni adale ukwehla kwenkomba ephezulu ye-NASDAQ futhi yabangela ukuphuma komdlalo we-Cascade eYunivesithi yase-Alabama. Zivame ukucija amazinyo ezigatsheni zezihlahla, kepha ziyehluleka ukuhlukanisa amagatsha ezintanjeni zikagesi. Njengamanje, kusetshenziswa izihlangu ezikhethekile zerabha ukuvikela izintambo.

Okunye kokudla okuvame kakhulu kwamaprotheni amantongomane. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe ososayensi luveze ukuthi i-trypsin, okuyi-enzyme etholakala kumantongomane aluhlaza, iyaphazamisa ukufakwa kwamaprotheni esiswini. UDkt James K. Kieswetter weluleka ama-squirrels ekugazeni amantongomane. Kodwa-ke, abanye ososayensi bathi amantongomane nganoma yiluphi uhlobo, kanye nembewu yelanga, ayilungile ngamaprotheni, ngoba ayinampilo yezakhi zomzimba, ngenxa yokuthi iprotheni ingakha isifo sethambo.

1. squirrel fur

Kithina, isithombe esijwayelekile kunazo zonke squirrel. Kepha lokhu kude kakhulu nakho konke ukukhetha kombala. Umbala uncike kwisizini. Ehlobo ziba bomvu kakhulu noma nsundu, kuthi ebusika ziba mpunga noma zibe nsundu. Kepha isisu, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isiphi isikhathi sonyaka, sihlala sikhanya.

Kepha phakathi kwawo kukhona namnyama, i-piebald (enamabala akhanyayo) kanye namaprotheni ama-albino. Ngokubala imibala, iphethini eyodwa iyabonakala - ukusondela maphakathi nendawo yokuhlala yabo, okugqamile ijazi.

Kabili ngonyaka, squirrel ishintsha ijazi layo. Okokuqala entwasahlobo - ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, bese kuba ekwindla - kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuLwezi. Ukuncibilikisa kwentwasahlobo kuqala ngekhanda nomzimba, kanti ukumiluka kwekwindla kuqala ngomsila. Izodlula ngokushesha kangakanani, nokuthi ijazi elisha elizophuma lihle kangakanani, kuzoncika enanini lezindawo zokuphakela nezimo sezulu.

I-squirrel emnyama

2. Indlela yokuphila

U-Alfred Bram, ngobuhlakani bakhe nangobuhlakani bakhe, wabiza lo squirrel ngokuthi "inkawu yasenyakatho." Ugxuma kalula esihlahleni eya kwesinye. Ibanga lamamitha ayi-3-4 akusona isithiyo esikhulu kuye. Emhlabathini zihamba ngamamaki amancane. Uma i-squirrel izwa ingozi, khona manjalo igibela isihlahla esiseduze.

Ukuhamba emhlabeni Ngenkathi ngigxuma

3. Izidleke ze-squirrel

I-squirrel nehlathi kuyizinto ezimbili ezingekehlukaniswe. Uchitha iningi lokuphila kwakhe ezihlahleni, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokufuduka nesikhathi sokuzala. Lapha, lesi silwane sizihlomisa ngamahlumela ngesidleke esiyindilinga, esibizwa ngokuthi yi-Guinea. Noma, ngenxa yesimilo sakhe sokulwa nokuhlanya, unqoba isicamba noma isidleke noma uthatha into engenalutho.

I-squirrel Nest - uGuyna

Ngaphakathi esidlekeni kufakwa amaqabunga, umdumbula, utshani obomile noma utshani bokhuni. Uma kunesidingo, lapho kudingekile ukulungisa, kudonsa futhi kwakha uphahla. Ebusika, ama-squirrel ama-3 kuya kwayi-6 angalala esidlekeni esisodwa, afudumezane futhi avale umnyango nge-moss. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sekhephu lasebusika, izinga lokushisa esidlekeni lifinyelela kuma-15-20 degrees. E-squirrel ebandayo ebandayo evela "egumbini labo lokulala" ayiphumi.

Egcekeni

Le nduku ayinaso isidleke esisodwa saphakade. Uneziningi zazo: zokulala, inzalo noma indawo yokukhosela sezulu. Futhi lokhu akuwona umqondo olula, kepha kunesidingo, ngoba izimuncagazi ziqala ngokushesha ngokwanele esidlekeni futhi ukuphela kwendlela yokuziqeda ukuguqula indawo yazo yokuhlala. Kwesinye isikhathi squirrel eyodwa inezidleke eziningi ezisukela kwizicucu ezi-5 kuya kwezingu-15. Owesifazane uphatha omncane ngayo.

Owesifazane nge-squirrel

Isidleke se-squirrel sinezindlela ezi-2 zokuphuma: okuyinhloko nokuyisisekelo, okuqondiswe esiqwini, ukuze kuthi lapho kwenzeka sengozini, usheshe uphume ubalekele isitha.

3. Ukufuduka kwamaprotheni

Ekupheleni kwehlobo - ukuqala ekwindla, ama-squirrels aqala isikhathi sokufuduka. Okwamanje, ama-squirrel awakhi amaqembu amakhulu, kodwa zihamba zodwa. Imbangela ejwayelekile yale nto ukwentuleka kokudla, imililo yehlathi noma isomiso.

Ama-squirrels angathutha kokubili amafushane (kuya ehlathini eliseduze), futhi amabanga amade (kufika ku-100-300 km). Ngalesi sikhathi, izilwane zilungele noma yini, ngisho nokuwela imifula emincane nemikhondo. Kwesinye isikhathi indlela yabo idlula ezindaweni zokuhlala. Ngeshwa, izilwane eziningi ngesikhathi sokufuduka zibulawa yindlala, ukubanda, ukuhlasela kwezinyamazane noma ukuminza nje.

4. Ukudla

Ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-squirrels imbewu ye-conifers: uphayini, i-larch, i-spruce, i-fir nabanye. Izigaxa zabo zamaphrotheni zinamathumbu ngokomsebenzi. Emizuzwini emi-3 kuzoshiya inqwaba kuphela yezikali kusuka ku-cone encane kaphayini. Ngesilinganiso esinjalo sosuku olungu-1, squirrel encane ingathulula i-spruce eyi-15 kanye nezigaxa zikaphayini eziyikhulu.

Isigaxa esinomunyu

Ngaphezu kwazo, ama-squirrels ajabulele ukuzelapha ngokwawo ngama-hazelnuts, ama-acorns, amajikijolo, amahlumela nezinhlamvu zezihlahla, amakhowe, ama-rhizomes, ama-tubers, kanye nama-lichens. Endlala noma ngesikhathi sokuzalela, ayizideleli izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, kanye namachwane, amaqanda nezilwane ezincane ezinamaphaphu. Ngokuvamile, amaprotheni ama-omnivores.

5. Amasheya

Babekela eceleni izinsalela zokudla ezincane abazogodla ubusika. Ama-squirrels akha izindlu zokugcina emigodini noma angcwaba ukudla emhlabathini phakathi kwezimpande, emva kwalokho akhohlwe ngokuthula ngakho futhi angabe esakwazi ukukukhumbula. Lokhu kunguphawu lokukhumbula kwabo. Ubathola ngengozi, abajabule kakhulu.

Ezinye izilwane, izinyoni kanye namagundane amancane, ziyakuthokozela ukusebenzisa imemori emfishane ye squirrel, futhi squirrel kwesinye isikhathi idla amasheya amagundane nama-chipmunks, okuyinto ethola kalula ngisho nangaphansi kongqimba lweqhwa.

6. Ukuzala

Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, abesilisa baba nolaka komunye nomunye futhi bavame ukuhlela ukulwa. Kuze kube kufika abesilisa abalinganiselwa kwabangu-6 abalandela umuntu oyedwa besifazane ngasikhathi.

Ngemuva kokuzalela, iprotheni ithunyelwa ukuba yakhe isidleke se-brood. Kulitha olulodwa kukhona ama-3 kuya ku-10 ama-cubs, kuwo angama-1-4 kuphela asindayo. Kukhanya bavele banesisindo sama-gramu ayi-8 kuphela, banqunu ngokuphelele futhi abayimpumputhe. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, aqala ukumbozwa ngoboya, ngemuva kwenyanga eyi-1 aqala ukubona futhi asevele akhethiwe esidlekeni. Kufika ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5, umama ubondla ngobisi. Ngemuva kwamasonto angama-8-10, asevele ashiye ikhaya labazali. Isikhathi phakathi kwama-broods singamaviki ayi-13.

I-squirrel yamasonto amabili

7. Izitha ze-squirrel

Ama-squirrels ahlala endaweni yawo yemvelo isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emi-4, kuyilapho ezuweni lokuphila ehlala iminyaka eyi-10-12. Yiziphi izizathu zomehluko omkhulu kangaka wobudala? Okokuqala, ezindaweni ezinkulu zasehlathini kunezilwane eziningi zasendle ezizothokozela lezi zidalwa ezinhle ngobumnandi.

Isitha esiyingozi kunazo zonke ku-squirrel i-part marten, futhi akusikho konke isikhova noma isikhova. Usengaphunyuka enyokeni uma ubona ukusondela kwayo ngesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasu okusindisa awavamile neze: uma kwenzeka kuhlaselwa, isikwati siqala ukugijima esihlahleni sivulekile, kwesinye isikhathi sicashe emehlweni enyoni ngemuva kwesiqu. Ngenxa yalokhu, isikhova kufanele sindize esihlahleni, ngaleyondlela silahlekelwe yisikhathi esibalulekile.

Okwesibili, ngaphezu kwezinyoni ezidla inyama nezinye izilwane, amaprotheni abulawa ngamagciwane nezifo ezahlukahlukene.

Okunye ukunikezwa:

Isiziba Esiphezulu SasePatovsky

Reservoir emfuleni iMechetka

Pond eduze kwedolobhana I-Broad-field

Ichibi e-Orlyonka yangaphambili

Umfula iLizel we. I-Beaver

Amachibi oMfula iNazarovka kanye noMfula iBerezina

I-Seryodysh Island (Avian)

Umlomo woMfula iTereshka

IVolga eduzane neMarx

Ibhange leVolga kanye nomfula womfula iBerezovka

I-Usovsky river bank Tereshki

Ichibi elibomvu lesiziba

Izilwane zesifunda Saratov

I-squirrel ejwayelekile, noma i-vexa (lat. Sciurus vulgaris), iyi-rodent evela emndenini we-squirrel. Umeleli kuphela wohlobo lwe-squirrel ku-fauna yaseRussia. Enkulumweni nenkulumo-ze-colloquial kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-squirrel ebomvu." Lesi silwane esincane esizihambelayo, esihlala emahlathini ethu, sijabulisa izingane nabantu abadala ngokubukeka kwaso. Njengomthetho, ubuhle obunezinwele ezibomvu buvame ukuba matasa kakhulu nokuthile: kungaba ukuthi ubeka amakhowe egatsheni ukuze womiswe, bese ehlola ngokucophelela futhi azame amantongomane akhishwe izinyo. I-squirrel, ngisho nangezikhathi zakudala, kwakuyinto esemqoka yokuhweba ngoboya, kusobala, ngemuva kwe-arctic fox. Izikhumba zakhe zazisebenza njenge-chip yokuxoxisana eyinhloko - imhlophe. Kusuka lapha igama lesimanje lalesi silwane.

Lokhu kuyinduku encane enhle enomzimba omuncanyana kanye nomsila omfushane onesikhumba. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bomzimba wayo buvela ku-19,5 kuye ku-28 cm, enye i-2/3 iwele emsileni osicaba, odlala indima yesiqhuma lapho begxuma. Futhi i-squirrel igxuma ngokumangalisa kakhulu - amamitha angama-3-4 emgqeni oqondile namamitha ayi-10-15 ngendlela eyehlayo. Mhlawumbe ukugxuma okunjalo kulula kuye ngenxa yesisindo sakhe esincane - ama-250- 300 g. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imilenze yakhe yangemuva yinde kakhulu kunangaphambili, futhi iminwe yakhe ifakelwe ubuhlalu obukhulukazi. Izindlebe eziphakemeyo zinamakhekhe amancane, aphawuleka ikakhulukazi ebusika. Ama-Vibrissas, anokuzwela okukhethekile, ahlobisa hhayi i-muzzle kuphela, kodwa nemilenze yangaphambili nesisu. Kithina, isithombe esijwayelekile kunazo zonke squirrel. Kepha lokhu kude kakhulu nakho konke ukukhetha kombala. Umbala uncike kwisizini. Ehlobo ziba bomvu kakhulu noma nsundu, kuthi ebusika ziba mpunga noma zibe nsundu. Kepha isisu, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isizini, ihlala ilula ukwedlula okuphezulu noma okupendwe mhlophe. Kabili ngonyaka, squirrel ishintsha ijazi layo. Okokuqala entwasahlobo - ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, bese kuba ekwindla - kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuLwezi. Ukuncibilikisa kwentwasahlobo kuqala ngekhanda nomzimba, kanti ukumiluka kwekwindla kuqala ngomsila. Izodlula ngokushesha kangakanani, nokuthi ijazi elisha elizophuma lihle kangakanani, kuzoncika enanini lezindawo zokuphakela nezimo sezulu. Kumakhaza asebusika, i-squirrel ejwayelekile ikhulisa uboya obuphakeme futhi obuthe xaxa, kepha ehlobo ishintsha ukwakheka kwayo, iphenduka ibe yifushane, kanzima futhi ingajwayelekile.

Amaprotheni ikakhulukazi ahlala emahlathini acijile futhi axubile, ikakhulukazi lawo lapho ungathola khona imbewu eningi, amantongomane noma ama-acorn. Abesabi amasimu okutshala kuwo futhi ajabule ngokuhlala kumapaki, izingadi kanye nezivini. Indlela yokuphila igcwele izinkuni. I-squirrel iyisilwane esithandekayo, esihambayo.

Esikhathini sokungabi neqhwa, kanye nangesikhathi sokuzala, uchitha isikhathi eside emhlabathini, lapho athutheka ngokungahambeki kuze kube m. 1 Ebusika, uhamba “phezulu” phezulu. Lapho kusengozini, icasha ezihlahleni, imvamisa icashe emqheleni. Kuyasebenza ekuseni nakusihlwa kusihlwa, kusuka ku-60% kuya ku-80% walesi sikhathi osichitha ufuna ukudla. Ekuphakameni kobusika, bushiya isidleke kuphela ngesikhathi sokudla, futhi eziqandeni ezinzima nasesimweni sezulu esibi kungahlala isikhathi eside esidlekeni, kuwele esimweni sokudonsa isigamu (noma kunjalo, asikaze siwele ngaphansi kobunzima obugcwele, ngokungafani nama-squirrels womhlaba, ama-floorhogs noma ama-chipmunks). Hhayi indawo, amasayithi ngamanye avezwa buthaka.

IShelter squirrel ejwayelekile ihlela kuphela ezihlahleni. Emahlathini aqobayo, imvamisa ihlala emigodini, idonsela imibhede ethambile yotshani, i-lichens yokhuni, namaqabunga omile lapho. KuConifers, yakha izidleke eziyindilinga ezivela emagatsheni omile (i-hynea), ezihlanganiswe ngaphakathi ne-moss, amaqabunga, utshani, noboya. Ububanzi besidleke bungama-25-30 cm, butholakala kumfoloko kumagatsha noma phakathi kwamagatsha awugqinsi ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-7- 15. Amadoda ngokuvamile awazakhi izidleke, kodwa ahlala ezidlekeni ezingenalutho zabesifazane noma ezinsundu, amashumi amane, amagwababa. Njengomthetho, isilwane ngasinye sinezidleke eziningana (kufinyelela ku-15), futhi njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 squirrel sishintsha indawo yaso yokuhlala, ngokusobala, sibalekela amagciwane. Owesifazane uphethe amathole emazinyweni. Ebusika, ama-squirrel ama-3-6 angabusika esidlekeni sinye, kepha lezi zivame ukuba yizilwane ezihlala zodwa.

Ukudla kwamaprotheni kuhluke kakhulu futhi kufaka izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-130 zokuphakelwa, phakathi kwazo inqwaba yembewu yama-conifers: isiphundu, uphayini ojwayelekile, umsedari waseSiberia, i-fir, i-larch.Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lapho amahlathi ama-oki akhula khona ngaphansi komhlaba ongaphansi, udla ama-acorns kanye nama-hazelnuts. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iprotheni idla amakhowe (ikakhulukazi ama-deer truffle), ama-buds kanye namahlumela ezihlahla, amajikijolo, nezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nama-rhizomes, ama-lichens, izitshalo ze-herbaceous. Isabelo sabo ekudleni sikhuphuka kakhulu ngokuhluleka kokuphakelwa okuyinhloko. Imvamisa, amaprotheni-mahhala adla ngokunamandla izimbali ze-spruce, zidale umonakalo kulezi zitshalo. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, ayideleli ukudla kwezilwane - izinambuzane nezibungu zazo, amaqanda, amaphuphu, ama-vertebrates amancane. Ngemuva kokudlulela ubusika, lo squirrel ubopha ngentshiseko amathambo ezilwane ezifile, avakashele izikhonkwane kasawoti. Inani lokudla nsuku zonke lincike ngenkathi: entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhula, amaprotheni adla aze afike ku-80 g ngosuku, ebusika - kuphela ngama-35 g.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izigaxa ezihlotshwe ngamaphrotheni zihluka kalula kulezo ezisebenza lapho bekuwela khona amapulangwe noma izinkuni. Izilwane ziluma izikali emgogodleni, kusale kuphela izinduku ezingenalutho ezinezikali eziningana ekugcineni eziqwini.

Ubusika, squirrel lenza izinqolobane ezincane zama-acorns, amantongomane, amakhonkolo, zihuduleke ezingubeni noma zingcwatshwa phakathi kwezimpande, futhi zomise amakhowe, zilenga emagatsheni. Kuyiqiniso, ukhohlwa ngokushesha ngamagumbi akhe okugcina bese ebathola ngengozi ebusika, ezinye izilwane ezizisebenzisayo - izinyoni, izinduku ezincane, ngisho nengulube yasendle nebhere elinsundu. Amanye amasheya we-squirrel avela entwasahlobo, okufaka isandla enqubekweni yokuqedwa kwezihlahla. Ngasikhathi sinye, squirrel uqobo isebenzisa izinqolobane zezinye izilwane (i-chipmunk, i-pine nati, i-jay, amagundane), ethola kalula ngisho nangaphansi kwengqimba yeqhwa le-1.5 m.

Ukufuduka okukhulu kwamaprotheni kubangelwa isomiso nemililo yehlathi, kodwa ukwehluleka kwezitshalo okukhulu kokuphakelayo - imbewu yeConifers namantongomane. Ukufuduka kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekupheleni kokuqala. Imvamisa, ama-squirrels athuthela kwelinye ihlathi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ahamba amabanga amade nangaphezulu - aze afike ku-250-300 km. I-squidrel yama-nomadic ihamba phambili ngaphambili (kwesinye isikhathi ibanga elingama-100-300 km) iyodwa, ngaphandle kokwenza imihlambi ebalulekile namaqoqo, ngaphandle kwezingqinamba zemvelo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane ngobuningi bazo ziyabila, zibulawa yindlala, amakhaza kanye nezitha.

Ngaphezu kokufuduka kwabantu abaningi, squirrel ibonakala ngokufuduka kwesizini okuhambisana nokufuduka okungaguquki kokuphakelayo kanye nokuguqulwa kwezilwane ezisencane kwindlela yokuphila yokuzimela. Ukukhula okusha kuhlalwa ngo-Agasti - Septhemba nango-Okthoba - Novemba, kwesinye isikhathi ibanga elingama 70-350 km ukusuka eziteshini zezidleke. Ngokuphakelwa, ukufuduka kwesizini kungangena ekufudukeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, ingxenye yabantu abadala isendaweni, ngokudla okujwayelekile, bashintshela ekudleni okune-khalori ephansi okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwefiber (izinso, amalangabi, izinaliti, amagxolo amahlumela amasha). Kungenxa yaleli qembu ukuthi abantu bendawo babuyiselwe.

Amaprotheni ayanda kakhulu. Engxenyeni enkulu yobubanzi bamalitha angu-1-2 alethwa, ezifundeni eziseningizimu - kuze kufinyelele ku-3 ilitha. Isikhathi sokuzala, ngokuya ngesimo sezulu, izimo zokudla nobuningi babantu, kuqala ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi futhi siphela ngoJulayi - Agasti. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, abesilisa abalinganiselwa kwabathathu bahlala eduze nowesifazane, abakhombisa ukulamula ngokuncintisana nabaqhudelani - bayakhula kakhulu, bashaye ama-paws emagatsheni bese begijima belandelana. Ngemuva kokuganisana nowophumelele, insikazi yakhela isidleke seqanda (kwesinye isikhathi kube ngu-2-3), ihlanzekile futhi inkulu.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-35 ukuya kwengama-38, kusuka kuma-3 kuye ku-10 ama-litre kulo udoti, kunciphisa udoti wesibili. Ama-squirrels asanda kuzalwa anqunu futhi awaboni, anesisindo esingama-g. I-hairline yabo ivela ngosuku lwe-14, babona kuphela ngosuku lwe-30-31. Kusukela kulo mzuzu, baqala ukuphuma esidlekeni. Ubisi londliwa kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama-40-50. Eminyakeni yamaviki 8-10, umama uyahamba. Bafinyelela ekuthangeni ngezinyanga eziyi-9 ukuya kwezi-12. Njengoba sesikhulile udoti wokuqala, insikazi idla okuncane bese iphinda inyene futhi. Isikhathi phakathi kwama-broods singamaviki ayi-13. Ngo-Okthoba - Novemba, inani le-squirrel liqukethe ama-2/3, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ama-75-80%, wezingane ezineminyaka engama-squirrel.

Izitha zaleli squirrel ziyizikhova, i-goshawk, i-part marten engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, elitholakala engxenyeni yase-Asia kanye ne-harza eMpumalanga Ekude. Emhlabathini babanjwa izimpungushe namakati. Kodwa-ke, izisulu azithinti kakhulu isimo sabantu. Kakhulu kakhulu ngobuningi bamaprotheni, ama-feed-free kanye ne-epizootic. Ama-Epizootic avame ukwenzeka ekwindla sekwephuzile futhi iningi likhula entwasahlobo. Amaphrotheni abulawa yi-coccidiosis, i-tularemia, i-hemorrhagic septicemia, imvamisa anezikelemu, imikhaza namazeze.

Ekuthunjweni, amaprotheni aphila aze afike eminyakeni eyi-10-12, kepha ngokwemvelo, amaprotheni amadala kuneminyaka emi-4 asevele emdala. Isabelo sezilwane ezinje ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu asidluli i-10%.

I-squirrel isilwane soboya obalulekile, okungenye yezinto eziphambili zokuhweba ngoboya eRussia. Ngezinsuku zeSoviet Union, lesi silwane sasingesibili kuphela ukuthi sable ngokuya ngenombolo yezikhala, kodwa kulezi zinsuku, ukwamukelwa kwezikhumba sekuye kwehla kwaba zero.

Incazelo yamaphrotheni

I-genus Sciurus ihlanganisa cishe izinhlobo ezingamashumi amathathu ezihlukile endaweni yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala, kanye nombala nosayizi. Uhlobo olwaziwa kahle ezweni lethu nakwamanye amazwe yiCommon squirrel, noma iHopsha (iSururus vulgaris), enedatha yangaphandle yedatha ye-rodent evela esigabeni samaMammals.

Ukubukeka

Isilwane sinosayizi omncane omncane, umzimba omncane futhi omude, kanye nomsila omfushane kakhulu. Ubukhulu bomzimba obujwayelekile be-squirrel evamile yabantu abadala bubalelwa ku-20-30 cm, kanti nomsila ucishe ube yingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu. Sonke isilwane esivuthiwe ngokobulili asidluli kuma-250-300 g .. Ikhanda lincane ngosayizi, liyindilinga lisesimweni, linamadlebe amile futhi amade ahlobisa amakhekhe. Amehlo makhulu, amnyama. Ikhala linomumo oyindilinga.

Kuyathakazelisa! Izingosi ezithandwa kakhulu zamaHelsinki, ezihluke ngezici zazo zangaphandle, yiCentral Russian neNorth European, iWest Siberian neBashkir, i-Altai neYakut, iTransbaikal kanye neYenisei, amaS squin squirrels kanye ne-teleutk.

Ama-rodent's paws aqinile kakhulu, anezandla ezibukhali futhi ezigobile, futhi amabala angaphambili amafushane kunezinyawo ezingemuva. Isisu, isihlakala kanye nengaphambili limbozwe nge-vibrissae, emelelwa izinwele eziqinile ezisebenza umsebenzi wezinzwa. Ehlobo, uboya bekwelekazi buqinile futhi bufushane, futhi lapho kuqala ubusika buguquka ngokubonakalayo - iba mnene futhi ibe yinde, ithambe ngokwanele.

Umbala woboya

"Ijazi" le-squirrel libonakaliswa ngombala ohlukile, okuya ngqo endaweni yokuhlala kwe-rodent kanye nenkathi, kanye nasezinhlotsheni zezinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo. Isibonelo, ehlobo squirrel ejwayelekile enoboya obunombala obomvu noma onsundu, bese ebusika ingubo iyiba namathoni ampunga, amnyama futhi ansundu. Kodwa-ke, isisu se-vexa sinokukhanya okukhanyayo unyaka wonke.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Ama-squirrel angabamele abavamile babantu basehlathini, ngakho-ke, imvelo yanika lamagundane "amakhono" ahambisanayo adinga ukusinda ezimweni ezinzima ezinjalo. Inqwaba yempilo ichithwa kuma squirrels asehlathini ezihlahleni.

Izilwane ezincane zinamanyala, ngakho-ke ziyakwazi ukuhamba kalula futhi ngokushesha ukusuka kwesinye isitshalo ziye kwesinye. Ukuxhuma kwezilwane okwenziwa ngamamitha amaningi kusikhumbuza ngandlela-thile indiza ehlelayo. Ngenxa yezingalo zesibeletho ezenziwe kahle, i-rodent ihlinzekwa nge-push eqinile, futhi i-furry kanye nomsila omkhulu isebenza isilwane njengohlobo lokuhamba kwesondo neparachute ngasikhathi sinye.

Kuyathakazelisa! Izimo ezingezinhle zama-squirrels ziphoqa lesi silwane ukuba sisuke ezindaweni ezakhiwe futhi siyofuna indawo entsha, futhi izizathu eziyinhloko zokufuduka okuvame kakhulu kuvezwa ukuntuleka kokudla, isomiso noma imililo yehlathi.

Phezu komhlaba, izilwane ezincane nezinamandla ziyazizwa zithobekile kakhulu, ngakho-ke zizama ukuhamba ngokunakekela okukhulu, zenze ukweqa okufishane kwesimo. Ngomqondo wobungozi, amaprotheni akhuphuka ngokushesha esihlahleni, lapho ezwa cishe aphephile ngokuphelele.

Izinhlobo zama-squirrels

Uhlobo lwe squirrel lumelelwa ngezinhlobo eziningana:

• U-Aberta squirrel (I-Sciurus aberti) Ubude bomzimba bungu-46-58 cm, kanti umsila usebangeni elingama-19-25 cm. Unamaswidi ezindlebeni, uboya obumpunga ngomucu obomvu onsundu ngemuva.
• I-Guiana squirrel (I-Sciurus aestuans) Ubude bomzimba abudluli ku-20 cm, kanti umsila ungamasentimitha ayi-18,3. Uboya bumbala onsundu ngombala,
• Allen squirrel (ISciurus alleni) Ubude bomzimba - ngaphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-26.7, nomsila - cm eziyi-16,9. Fur ngemuva nasemaceleni kombala onsundu onsundu, onompunga ocolekile omnyama,
• Caucasian, noma I-squian squirrel (I-Sciurus anomalus). Ubude bomzimba - hhayi ngaphezu kwemitha yekota ubude bomsila - 13-16 cm. Umbala ukhanya futhi ulingana, onsundu ngombala engxenyeni ephezulu ne-chestnut-brown ezinhlangothini,
• I-squirrel enamagolide (I-Sciurus aureogaster) Ubude bomzimba - 25,8 cm, umsila - hhayi ngaphezu kwama-25,5 cm,
• Karolinskaya (mpunga) squirrel (ISururus carolinensis) Ubude bomzimba bungaphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-38.0-52,5, futhi umsila awudluli kumitha yekota. Umbala wobovu ungwevu noma umnyama,
• I-squirrel Depp (I-Sciurus deppei) Izinhlobo zimelelwa yi-subspecies S.d. Deppei, S.d. IMatagalpae, S.d. iSimvallensis, S.d. ama-negigens kanye ne-S.d. vivax
• Umlilo, noma squirrel ovuthayo (I-Sciurus Flammifer) Ubude bomzimba bungama-27,4 cm kanti umsila ungama-31 cm. Uboya ekhanda nezindlebe zibomvu, ingaphezulu elingenhla liphuzi futhi limnyama, kanti isisu simhlophe.
• I-squirrel enomqala ophuzi (ISururus gilvigularis) Ubude bomzimba abudluli ku-16,6 cm, nomsila u-17.3 cm. Uboya emuva abububomvu ngombala onsundu, futhi isisu sinombala obomvu-owolintshi,
• Kuboshwe umsila obomvu, noma IVigoradnaya squirrel (I-Sciurus granatensis) Ubude bomzimba buphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-33-52, kanti umsila awudluli ngaphezu kuka-14- 28 cm. Uboya obungemuva bubomvu obumnyama, kepha bungaba mpunga, buphuzi obuphuzi noma bube mnyama ngombala,
• Grey squirrel yasentshonalanga (ISciurus griseus) Ubude bomzimba bungama-50-60 cm, nomsila ungamasentimitha angama-24-30. Uboya emuva abububende obukhulu besiliva, kanti isisu sinombala omhlophe omhlophe,
• I-squirrel Bolivian (I-Sciurus ignitus) Ubude bomzimba bubalelwa ku-17-18 cm, kanti umsila awudluli ngaphezu kuka-17 cm. Uboya emuva abudakudwe ngombala onsundu, umsila une-hue ebomvu, kanti isisu sinombala obomvu-ophuzi,
• I-Nayarit squirrel (I-Sciurus nayaritensis) Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-28- 30 cm, kanti umsila ungamasentimitha angama-27- 28. Uboya buthambile, bunemibala ebomvu ngokubomvu emuva,
• Mnyama, noma i-fox squirrel (ISururus niger) Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-45-70, kanti umsila uphakathi kuka-20- 33 cm. Uboya bukhanya bumsundu ngombala ophuzi noma onsundu omnyama, bese isisu sikhanya,
• I-Motley squirrel (I-Sciurus variegatoides) Ubude bomzimba abudluli ku-22-34 cm, kanti nomsila ungaphakathi kuka-23-33 cm. Uboya bungaba nemibala ehlukahlukene.
• I-Yucatan squirrel (I-Sciurus yucatanensis) Ubude bomzimba buphakathi kwama-20-33 cm, kanti nomsila usezingeni lama-cm angama-17-19. Ngasemuva kukhona noboya obumpunga ngombala omnyama nomhlophe. Isicubu sesihlabathi noma mpunga.

Kufundwe kahle I-squirrel yase-Arizona (I-Sciurus arizonensis), Collie squirrel (ISciurus colliaei) kanye I-squirrel yaseJapan (ISciurus lis).

Habitat, indawo yokuhlala

I-squertrel yase-Aberta iyindawo ehlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi acijile eningizimu-ntshonalanga Melika, futhi ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni eziningana zaseMexico. Ama-squirrels aseGuana ayingozi engxenyeni yeNingizimu Melika, ahlala enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Argentina, ahlala eBrazil, Guyana, Suriname naseVenezuela, lapho atholakala emahlathini nasemapaki amadolobha.

I-squirrel yasePheresiya ingeyokuphela kwe-Isthmus yeCaucasus ne-Middle East, iyisakhamuzi saseTranscaucasia, eNtshonalanga nase-Asia Minor, e-Iran, esiqhingini saseGokchead naseLesbos oLwandle i-Aegean. Ama-squirrels e-Arizona ahlala ezindaweni eziphakeme enkabeni ye-Arizona, kanye naseSonora laseMexico nasentshonalanga New Mexico. Ama-squirrels anokhuni olunamagolide anikeza izintandokazi ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu nasempumalanga yeMexico, futhi futhi ayindawo eGuatemala. Izinhlobo zalethwa ngobuciko eFlorida Keys. Izindonga zitholakala ezindaweni eziphansi kufinyelela kumamitha angama-3800 nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ama-squirrels aseCarolina - izakhamizi ezijwayelekile ezisempumalanga yeNyakatho Melika, zihlala endaweni esentshonalanga yombhede womfula uMississippi futhi ziye emngceleni osenyakatho weCanada.

I-squirrel yase-Western grey isatshalaliswa kahle ogwini lwaseMelika olusentshonalanga, kufaka phakathi izifunda zaseWashington, eCalifornia nase-Oregon. Inani elincane labantu litholakala ezindaweni ezisehlathini zeNevada. I-Yucatan squirrel ingummeleli ojwayelekile wezidalwa zeNhlonhlo Yucatan, futhi abanye babahlali bahlala emahlathini aqothulayo aseMexico, eGuatemala naseBelize.

I-squirrel ye-Collier ingubhubhane lweMexico, lubanzi, kepha ngobuningi babantu abaphansi. Loluhlobo luvame ukutholakala emahlathini aminyene asezindaweni eziphakeme nasezindaweni ezishisayo, kanye nangaphesheya kwalo lonke ugu lwePacific. Isiphetho seCosta Rica, iBelize, i-El Salvador, iHonduras neGuatemala, iNicaragua neMexico zibandakanya iDeppa squirrel, kanti ne-fox squirrel isabalale eNyakatho Melika.

Amaphrotheni anombala ophuzi alusizi eSouth America. Amagundane amancane anjalo ahlala enyakatho yeBrazil, iGuyana neVenezuela. Abamele inhlobo yengwejeje yaseBolivia itholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo eBrazil naseBolivia, Colombia naseArgentina, kanye nasePeru. Ama-squirrel aseJapan angatholakala eziqhingini zaseJapan, kanti ama-squirrel aseNayarit ahlala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeArizona, kanye naseMexico.

Ukudla amaprotheni

Zonke izinhlobo zamaprotheni zidla kuphela izitshalo zokudla, ezinothe ngamafutha, amaprotheni kanye nama-carbohydrate. Isikhathi esinzima kakhulu sethala le-fluffy siqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho imbewu eyingcwatshwe ekwindla iqala ukuhluma ngamandla futhi ingasakwazi ukusetshenziswa njengezilwane ngokudla. Ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo, ama-squirrels aqala ukondla ngezihlahla zezihlahla ezahlukahlukene.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amaprotheni akuzona izilwane ezi-herbivorous ngokuphelele futhi awamakhambi. Ngaphezu kwembewu, amantongomane, amakhowe nezithelo, nazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo eziluhlaza eziluhlaza, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjalo zingadla izinambuzane, amaqanda, ngisho nezinyoni ezincane, kanye namaxoxo. Imvamisa, ukudla okunjengalona kubukeka njengama-squirrels ahlala emazweni ashisayo.

Izilwane ezifuywayo

• amakhowe amasha futhi omisiwe
• imbewu yezigaxa
• amantongomane
• ama-acorn
• izithelo ezivuthiwe
• amajikijolo avuthiwe
• amahlumela, amahlumela, amagxolo ezihlahla,
• ukuxuba okukhethekile kwamagundwane asekhaya.

Ama-squirrels abhekwa njengezizathu ezifanelekile njengezilwane ezihlakaniphe kakhulu, ngakho-ke, eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala ayakwazi ukusebenzisa ukudla okuvela ekudleni kwezinyoni ekudleni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi aze azinze emagumbini e-attic. Kaningi, izinduku ezincane ezinjengalezi zihlukaniswa njengezinambuzane ezichitha isivuno.

Noma kunjalo, amantongomane athathwa njengosomnandi kakhulu othandwayo kuma-squirrels. Isilwane ngobuhlakani sifaka izishutheko zaso ezimbili ezingezansi endaweni lapho okunamathiselwe khona nati. Ukuqhekeka kwama-halves amabili omhlathi ophansi, axhumeke nomsipha wokuqina, kubangela ukwehluka okumbalwa kwezinto ezifakwayo ezihlangothini ezihlukile, ngenxa yokuthi i-nati ihlukaniswe phakathi.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Endle, ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, amaprotheni azala izingane ezimbili phakathi nonyaka, futhi kusukela ezinganeni ezimbili kuya kweziyishumi kuzalwa udoti ngamunye. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamaprotheni ahluka kakhulu. Isibonelo, ku-squirrel ejwayelekile, inzalo izalwa cishe ngezinsuku ezingama-22- 39, kuthiwe-grey - ama-squirrels azalwa cishe inyanga nengxenye.

Ama-squirrel athinta kakhulu omama, abanomusa futhi abanakekele kakhulu. Amadoda awanaki ama-squirrels azalwe, kokubili ekudingisweni nasezimweni zemvelo zemvelo. Izinsana eziyizimpumputhe nezinqunu ezizalwe ngokushesha zizungezwe ukushisa kukamama bese zidla ubisi lwazo. Isikhathi ngasinye, ishiya isidleke sayo, insikazi ihlala ifihla ngokucophelela wonke amancwele ayo ngodoti othambisa ukufudumala.

Izitha zemvelo

Izitha zemvelo, ama-squirrels, ezimweni zemvelo, alinde intambo encane phansi, futhi angacasha ngamahlamvu noma abheke inyamazane yakhe indiza, evela esibhakabhakeni. Izimpisi nezimpungushe zivame ukuzingela izilwane. Kodwa-ke, izinyamazane ezivame kakhulu ukuba zikwazi ukubamba izilwane ezigulayo nezibuthakathaka, kanye namawundlu abesifazane abakhulelwe noma abambekile.

Kuyathakazelisa! Ezinye izinhlobo zama-squirrels zivame ukuzinzwa ukuze zisebenzise inyama enamafutha ekudleni noma ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezilimo zommbila nezinye izitshalo.

I-Forest namatshe martens inyamazane ku squirrel yasePheresiya, kanye nama-squirrel asanda kuzalwa ngamanani amakhulu kakhulu abhujiswa uthando. Cishe zonke izikhova ne-goshawk, kanye namakati amadala futhi ngisho namakati asendle noma asekhaya, ayizitha ezinolaka zaleli squirrel. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukubonwa kwesikhathi eside kubonisa, abahlaseli abanjena abakwazi ukunika ithonya elibalulekile esimweni esijwayelekile sabantu abangama-rodent emvelweni.

Ubuningi bama-squirrels e-Arizona nawo mancane. Lolu hlobo lwama-rodent luhlanganyela insimu eyodwa nesihlobo sayo esiseduze kakhulu - squirrel yase-Aberta, okubangela ukuncintisana okuqinile mayelana nokuseshwa kokudla. Ama-chipmunks kanye namagundane, amabhere futhi angazilandeli, ama-hares nezinyoni nawo ancintisana nezilwane ancintisana nezilwane ezi-furry, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukufuna kwabo ukudla. Ehlelweni lokuncintisana olwesabekayo lwezinsizakusebenza zokudla, inani elikhulu lama-squirrel amadala, kanye nezilwane ezincane, ziyafa.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Izilwane ezi-Fluffy zithakazelisa kakhulu kubazingeli abaningi ababheka i-rodent enjalo njengomthombo woboya obukhulu. I-squirrel ka-Allen manje isengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele, okubangelwa ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi nokuzingela, ngakho-ke, le nhlobo yemvelo ivame kuphela e-Tumbrеs de Monterey National Park. Inani lama-squirrels asePheresiya liphansi kakhulu futhi lingaphansi kokuguquguquka okukhulu kwemvelo, okuncike ngqo kwi-biotope. I-squarrel emnyama ye-Delmar nayo isengozini yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele, kuyilapho i-squirrel evamile isivele ibhalwe ku-Red Book.