I-hydrolytic enjenge-Mackerel enjenge-hydrolytic, inhlanzi ye-vampire noma i-payara (i-lat. Hydrolycus scomberoides), yize ingejwayelekile, itholakala ezindaweni ezinamanzi, yize ibukhulu nosayizi wayo. Lesi sidlamlilo esisheshayo futhi esinolaka, buka nje umlomo wakhe ngokwanele ukuthi konke ukungabaza kunyamalale. Amazinyo anjengalawa awabonakala ngisho naphakathi kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini, azifani naphakathi kwamanzi amasha.
Njengazo ezinye izinhlanzi ezidla inyama, esivele sibhala ngayo - i-goliath, i-payara inamazinyo amakhulu futhi abukhali, kepha inamaphindwana ambalwa, emhlathini ophansi. Futhi zingaba ngu-15 cm ubude.
Zinde kangangokuba kunezimbobo ezikhethekile emhlathini ongenhla lapho amazinyo angena khona njenge-sheath. Ngokuyisisekelo, ngiyazi izinhlanzi ze-vampire ezivela kumafilimu nemidlalo, kepha yaziswa ngabadobi-abasubathi, ngokukhuthazela kwabo lapho bedlala futhi bexakile.
Vampire inhlanzi
I-Payara, i-Vampire Fish noma iMackerel-efana ne-Hydrolytic, igama lesayensi iHydrolycus armatus, ingeyomndeni wakwaCynodontidae. Lesi ngesinye sezidleke ezinkulu zemifula eningizimu Melika. Ayilungele ukulungiswa kwasekhaya, ngaphandle kwama-aquariums amakhulu angasese noma awomphakathi.
Habitat
Inhlanzi ihlala emifuleni emikhulu yaseNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi e-Orinoco nase-Amazon. Zincamela imifula ehlanzekile enamanzi asheshayo namanzi abilayo, imvamisa ezindaweni ezijulile ngaphansi kwe-rapids, engxenyeni engezansi yezimpophoma, lapho kudaleka isiyaluyalu esikhulu.
Imininingwane emfushane:
- Imibandela:
- Umthamo we-aquarium usukela kumalitha angama-2000.
- Ukushisa - 24-28 ° C
- Inani le-PH 6.0-8.0
- Ubulukhuni bamanzi - 5- 15 dGH
- Uhlobo lwe-substrate - amatshe
- Ukukhanya - okulingene
- Amanzi angaboli - cha
- Ukuhamba kwamanzi kuqinile
- Usayizi - ngaphezu kwamamitha
- Ukudla - Izinhlanzi Ezincane
- Isikhathi sokuphila - cishe iminyaka emi-2 ekuthunjweni
Incazelo
Emvelweni, abantu abadala badlula imitha eli-1 ubude, endaweni yokufakelwa okuncane kancane, kepha nokho bafinyelela usayizi ohehayo nesisindo (ngaphezu kwama-10 kg). Inomzimba omfishane we-swift, othinta umsila, oklanyelwe ukuhlaselwa kombani ohlaselweni. Inhloko enkulu enomlomo wayo inamazinyo amaningi abukhali. Kumuntu okhulile, kufakwa imitshingo emibili emikhulu emhlathini ongezansi, mide kangangoba kukhona izimbobo ezikhethekile emhlathini ongenhla ukuze udlule. Umbala uyisiliva onomthunzi omnyama, kwesinye isikhathi obonakalayo.
Ukuphila endalweni
I-hydrolysis eyenziwe nge-mackerel yaqala yachazwa nguCuvier ngonyaka we-1819. Ngaphezu kwakhe kunezinye izinhlobo ezi-3 ezifanayo emndenini.
Ihlala eMelika eseMelika, eAmazon nasezithendeni zayo. Ithanda amanzi asheshayo, acwebile ane-swirls, kufaka phakathi nezindawo eziseduzane neziphethu zamanzi.
Kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala ezikoleni ezincane zizingela izinhlanzi ezincane, kepha ukudla kwazo okuyinhloko ama-piranhas.
Inhlanzi i-Vampire iginya izisulu zayo ziphelele, ngezikhathi ezithile idwengula izingxenye ezincane.
Ikhula ibe nkulu kakhulu, ifinyelela ku-120 cm ubude, futhi ingaba nesisindo esingama-20 kg, yize abantu abathile abahlala e-aquarium imvamisa bengabi ngaphezu kwama-75 cm. Igama lesayensi igama elithi mackerel-like hydrolytic, kepha lidume kakhulu ngaphansi kwamagama we-payara ne-vampire fish, libizwa nangokuthi i-sabra-toothed tetra.
Ufuna ukwazi konke
Ngisho nakulezo zikhathi ezikude, lapho amahlosi ayehlaselwa umhlaba, umhlaseli womfula owesabekayo - mackerel hydrolik(IHydrolycus scomberoides)umndeni i-characinide (Characin) - wazikhulisela yena uqobo isikhali esifanayo, wakhothamela uhlangothi oluhlukile, ngobukhosi bakhe emifuleni.
Amazinyo akhe asabisayo asabekayo abekwe emhlathini ongezansi. Ngokungafani nezilwane ezinamachashaza amaningi, amachaphaza e-mackerel-hydrolysis ahlala emlonyeni wawo, ecasha ngezimbobo ezimbili emhlathini ongenhla.
Lesi sidlakela esinonya, sifinyelela kubude bamamitha elilodwa nesigamu, singena emanzini aseAmazon, sifaka amasentimitha ayi-7000 singena emizimbeni yezisulu zaso.
Ukubukeka okubi kakhulu futhi ingozi engaba khona yokuthola ukulunywa ngamazinyo okwesabekayo yenza ngisho ne-crisher yabadobi abanolwazi kakhulu.
Asambe kanye namalungu okuphuma bamba inhlanzi ye-vampire ekuweni kwamanzi
Ngaphansi kwegama elithi "payara", izinhlobo ezine zenhlanzi ezihlobene kakhulu ziyaziwa. Okukhulu kunabo bonke - i-hydrolytic (Hydrolycus scomberoides) ekhula ngokulinganayo - ikhula ibe imitha noma ngaphezulu. Okwesibili ngobukhulu - i-hydrolysis enomsila obomvu (i-Hydrolycus armatus) ayidluli amasentimitha ayisithupha. Uhlobo lwesithathu nolwesine - iHydrolycus tatauaia neHydrolycus wallacei azifiki isigamu semitha.
EVenezuela, i-hydrolike efana ne-mackerel yaziwa nangokuthi "kachorra". Kepha njengoba zonke izinhlobo ezine zidlangile ezigodini zase-Orinoco nase-Amazon, ePeru wena, mfundi othandekayo, uzokuzwa igama elithi "chambira". E-Ecuador - "chambirima". Kepha akezwanga ngokukhokha. Kwezincwadi zesiNgisi- nezolimi lwesiRussia, ezimeni eziningi, i-payar iqondwa ukuthi iyi-mackerel eyenziwe ngesimo se-mackerel, esikhundleni sezinhlobo ezincanyana ezihlobene.
Le nhlanzi yesiliva eqinile futhi esheshayo ingeyohlobo lwayo, igama lesayensi eliqhamuka emagameni amabili esiGreki. I-Hydr “ngamanzi futhi i-“ lykos ”iyimpisi. Kuyavela ukuthi ngisho nososayensi abakwazanga ukumelana nethonya lezintelezi zokubonakala kwabakhokhelayo, abamthiya "impisi yamanzi". EVenezuela, ihlala emifuleni iParagua, iCaura, iCaroni, iChurun kanye nezinye izinkantolo eziningi ze-Orinoco. Imali ekhokhwayo yabanjwa ngaphansi kombunduzo we-Urayimu ngoFebhuwari 10, 1996. Ubefinyelele kubude bamasentimitha ayi-117 futhi enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-17.8. Kodwa kwakuyisikhathi esiyingqayizivele ngempela! Imvamisa i-mackerel-like hydrolytic ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha ayisithupha kuya kumashumi ayisishiyagalombili futhi inesisindo esingamakhilogremu amathathu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Kodwa noma ngosayizi obunjalo, izinhlanzi ezimbili zanele ukuba amehlo ondle abantu abayishumi ngasikhathi.
Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu futhi esijabulisayo sama-payars ngamabili ama-fangs asabekayo. Banamathela ngaphandle komhlathi wakhe ophansi ebusweni be-bulldog futhi baqeda noma yisiphi isifiso sokususa inhlanzi kulokho ngeminwe engenalutho. Kubonakala iqhude elilodwa lazo, elesibili lifihlwe emhlathini lapho lisongwe. Kubantu abakhulu, amafangqa enziwe ngenaliti afinyelela amasentimitha ayi-10- 10 ubude. Njengoba amachaphaza amade kakhulu, imvelo inikeze ukuvuleka okubili emhlathini ophezulu wekhokha lapho "bahlanza" lapho umhlaseli avale umlomo.
I-mackerel hydrolytic ihlasela futhi idle noma yiziphi izinhlanzi ezincane kunobukhulu bayo. Akazideleli i-piranhas (Serrasalminae) waze wagwetshwa ne-ichthyologists ngokudla ama-congeners. Ngenxa yesimo somuntu okhokha kabi, kuvame ukuhlasela inyamazane, okukukhulu kaningana ukwedlula futhi engakwazi ukuyidla ngenxa yayo yonke i-voracity yayo. Isilo leso namanje.
I-Payar biology inemibuzo okusamele iphendulwe. Isibonelo, akwaziwa ukuthi iqala kuphi futhi kanjani. Kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo ukuthi kungani, lapho igcinwa ezindaweni zasemanzini, le nhlanzi ihlala kusuka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni, akuvamile isikhathi eside, noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Izizathu futhi azicaci ukuthi cishe amaphesenti ayikhulu abakhokha ekudingisweni bafa ngendlela engaqondakali ngokushesha nje lapho befika kumasentimitha angama-30. Ngamanye amagama, ngezindlela eziningi kuseyinhlanzi engaqondakali. Kepha ake sibuyele emuva ekujuleni kwamanzi.
Ilanga lalicishe libe ngaphezu komqhele kulo futhi libhakwe kahle. Safika emawadini angaphansi komfula wamanzi uqobo futhi ngemuva kokugoba okugoba kwengalo yangakwesokudla yomfula. Babopha isikebhe, bathatha izinduku zokuphotha kanye namabhokisi nezinto zokudoba, bagxotshwa endaweni yokudoba. Bekulula kakhulu ukugxuma, naphezu kwengozi yokubamba amatshe amakhulu, ugijime ungene futhi ukhishwe ngamanzi iminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Ingaphezulu letshe lalishisa kakhulu elangeni kangangokuthi lithambisa ngisho nalabo abase bevele baba yizinyawo eziqinile. Kwezinye izindawo, kulolu limi lwamatshe oluyimpandla lapho umfula uqubuka khona ngomsindo, kwakhiwa amachibi ajulile, phansi lapho amanzi emvula ayeqoqana khona. Izihlahla ezingatheni ezinesikhumba nezihlanganayo futhi zikwazi ukumila ngisho nasemifantwini ephakathi kwamatshe. Ama-Thicker aqala cishe amamitha angamashumi amahlanu ngakwesobunxele, kodwa ngisho nalapho, cishe wonke amagatsha omile aqunywa futhi aphulwa amaNdiya, ayevame ukuma lapha ubusuku ngaphambi kokuwela ukugeleza kwamanzi futhi aqhubeke phezulu noma phansi komfula.
Siphinde saqinisekisa ukuthi umqondisi wethu usikhombisa indawo efanele yekamu elingaphansi komfula. Ukube besimile lapha, bekuzofanela sibheke phezulu lapho sisesha khona izinkuni.
Emaphethelweni ethu naphesheya kwezilwandle, amatshe amaningi aseNdiya aneminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu ayedoba. Vele, i-payaru. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngendlela engamfanelekeli kakhulu umphikisi onamandla kangako, ngokusho kwezentengiso ezifanayo. Bakwenze ngokungafanele, ngokunyakaza okuhlonishwayo futhi - okubaluleke kakhulu - ngokukhiqiza. Konke ukubhekana kwabo okulula kwakunethala elinamamitha ayikhulu omugqa wokudoba obunzima kulo, ekugcineni lapho bekuboshelwe khona uhhafu wemitha yensimbi yensimbi, futhi sekuvele kuyibhoyizi elikhulu. Abafana abavela emadwaleni ngesilinganiso esikhulu bathumela i-spinner amamitha angamashumi ayisikhombisa phakathi nomlingo odlubulayo, obhongayo, onogwebu futhi baqala ukuwuwubumba kancane.
Babengekho ukuluma kuwo wonke ama-cast, kepha belandela eyodwa noma ezimbili. Ukukhipha inhlanzi eyodwa kwakudingeka baphonse ama-tackle izikhathi eziningana. Noma kunjalo, ukudoba kwaphumelela, njengoba kufakazelwa ukukhokha kwesigamu semitha, amakhanda abo ephuke igazi, ngokujikijelwe emadwaleni. Amehlo abo ayefiphele, isikali saphelelwa yisifiso saso sesiliva, nemilomo ye-toothy yayingethuki ngokungathandeki ngenxa yamanga amakhulu. Izimpukane nemichilo emincane yagoqana phezu kwezidumbu, yahehwa iphunga lenyama, kepha abadobi kabanikanga nalokhu. Lapho sebeqedile ukudoba, amaNdiya abamba inyamazane yawo asakazeka kwenye indawo. Ekugcineni, sasisele sodwa.
Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ubuqagele, lokhu kudoba akuhlukile kakhulu kunabanye abaningi, noma ngabe yisiphi isenzo singalethwa kahle futhi kuzwakale imisindo yezinzwa eyezelwe esimweni sentambo yesiginqi. Mhlawumbe angizizwa nje zonke izithunzi ezicashile zemizwa ejwayelekile abadobi bangempela.
Ngemuva kwamahora angaphezu kwamabili, ukubanjwa kwethu bekubandakanya ama-payar ayisishiyagalolunye ikhilogremu ezimbili noma ezintathu. Kulokhu, ukulahleka kwezimbili kanye nelinye okusontwe yizinhlanzi kulahlekile. Lapho umhlaseli ezwa ukuthi inetiye elibukhali emlonyeni wayo, iqala ukuphuma ngokushesha nangobuciko emanzini, yenze amakhandlela. Uma i-iron leash noma umugqa wokudoba usuvele ukhathele, inhlanzi ngemuva kokugxuma okuningi ikwazi ukuwaphula. Ekuqaleni, silethe izinhlanzi ematsheni ngendlela yeNative American nebhulokhi lokhuni: sasingenaso ngisho isifiso sokususa isilo esilengisiwe izandla zethu zisesandleni. Futhi-ke baqhamuka nendlela ephumelelayo yokubhekana nokuhlasela ngaphambi kokufaka engcupheni imilenze yabo.
Ukuze senze lokhu, sathola induku emincane, sayifaka ejele ukusuka kwelinye icala futhi simane sibhoboze izinhlanzi zenhlanzi ebanjiwe. Enduku, wayiswa emadwaleni futhi wabekwa phakathi kwetshe, lapho kwakukhona khona okungenani ithunzi lesithunzi. Ngama-gill abonakele, abadlwenguli balala imizuzu emithathu kuya kwemine, bayeka ukushaya imilomo futhi babhula imisila yabo. Angazi ukuthi kungani amaNdiya ekhetha indlela ebukhali futhi engenasizotha yokubulala izinhlanzi, angazi. Ukushaya ngamandla nge-baton ekushayweni nasekuphangiseni okuxhamukayo kunethuba elihle lokubulala umugqa wokudoba noma ukuphula isiheho siphuma emlonyeni. Ngokusobala, isiko nje.
Ubunzima kokuqukethwe
Kunzima kakhulu. Okukhulu, okuxutshayo, kufanele kugcinwe emanzini amakhulu, athengiswayo.
Umuntu osebenza emanzini omaphakathi akakwazi ukukhokhela, ukugcina nokunakekela i-hydro-hydrol.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma zisesimweni esihle abahlali isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emibili, mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuqukethwe okukhulayo kwe-ammonia kanye ne-nitrate emanzini e-aquarium, kanye nokuntuleka kwamanje aqinile ngokwanele.
Ukondla
Umhlaseli ojwayelekile, udla kuphela ukudla okuphilayo - inhlanzi, izibungu, umhlume. Kungenzeka ukuthi angadla ifilishi yezinhlanzi, inyama kamaskandi nokunye okuphakelayo, kodwa lolu lwazi aluqinisekisiwe.
I-Payara yinhlanzi enkulu kakhulu, edla inyama, engadingi i-aquarium, kepha ichibi. Futhi udinga iphakethe, njengoba imvelo ihlala eqenjini lezinhlanzi.
Uma uzoqala eyodwa, zilungiselele ukuhlinzeka ngevolumu yamalitha angama-2000, kanye nohlelo lokuhlunga okuhle kakhulu oluzodala ukugeleza okuqinile.
Ngokuyinhloko, ibanjelwa ezansi, kepha idinga indawo yokubhukuda nokuhlobisa indawo yokukhosela. Banamahloni futhi badinga ukuqaphela ngokunyakaza okungazelelwe.
Inhlanzi idume ngokubangela ukulimala kwayo uqobo ngesikhathi sesabeka.
Ukuvumelana
Emvelweni, uhlala ezikoleni, ekudingisweni ukhetha amaqembu amancane. Isimo esikahle ukugcina ama-tetras ayisi-sabot ayisithupha enamanzi amakhulu kakhulu. Noma eyodwa ku-aquarium encane.
Ziyaxaka futhi zingahlasela izinhlanzi ezingakwazi ukugwinya. Ezinye izinhlobo ezingaphila nazo kufanele zibe nezikhali, njenge-plecostomus noma i-arapaima, kodwa kungcono ukuzigcina ngokwahlukana.
UGenesise waseNosferatu
Inani elincane kakhulu labantu eMhlabeni, cishe wonke umuntu wesigidi ohlala eYurophu, eMelika nase-Asia, unesifo esingajwayelekile. Yena, njengoba ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa namuhla, kwakuyisizathu sokuvela kwezinganekwane ngama-vampires, "abafileyo abaphilayo" nezinye izidalwa zezinganekwane ezihlasela abantu ebusuku futhi zife emini.
Sikhuluma ngokubizwa nge-pigment xeroderma - isifo esingajwayelekile sofuzo esenzeka ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwezakhi zofuzo i-DDB, i-XPC, i-ERCC nezinye izingxenye ezithile zofuzo. Zonke zihambisana nokuqhekeka kokulimala okuncane kwiDNA okwenzeka lapho kuvela ikhefu elilodwa ku-helix yalo ehambisana nokushayisana kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet enamamolekyuli ahlukahlukene esitokisini.
Lezi zinguquko ezincane zenza ukukhanya kweLanga kufe abantu abanjalo, ngoba ngisho nokuhamba ngamafushane emgwaqweni kungadala ukufa okukhulu kwamaseli wesikhumba futhi kuholele ekwakhiweni kwezindlela ezinolaka kakhulu ze-melanoma nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Njengomthetho, abathwali bezakhi ezinjengalezi abaphila iminyaka eyi-18, yingakho bevame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izingane zenyanga" noma "ama-vampires."
UFolks nozakwabo bathola ngengozi uhlobo lwezilwane ezihlushwa yizinkinga ezifanayo, bafunda izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihlala ezindlini zomhume. Abaningi babo sebejwayele impilo enjalo muva nje, futhi ukucwaninga nge-DNA yabo, njengoba ososayensi bethemba, bekufanele kuveze izimfihlo zokuvela kwabo nokuthi ukusebenza kwemvelo kusebenza kanjani.
Imfashan.ru
ISomic vampire izwa ukugeleza kwamanzi okuchithelwa enye inhlanzi bese ibhukuda iqonde kubo. Ngasikhathi sinye, usabalalisa ukuphuma kwe-spiny futhi adle egazini elivela emithanjeni yegazi kumagalari. AmaNdiya abheka le nhlanzi iyingozi kakhulu kunama-piranhas. Futhi kunezizathu ezinhle zalokhu. Ngoba uyakwazi ukubhukuda ukungena ekuvuleni kwe-anal, sangasese noma - esimweni sezinhlobo ezincanyana - ungene ezithweni zomuntu onqunu kuya esikhunjeni. Iyondla negazi nezicubu ezizungezile, ezingadala ubuhlungu obukhulu. Izinhlanzi ze-Vampire zithola izisulu ngephunga lamanzi ageleza ephuma kumagalari noma, kubantu, ngephunga lomchamo. Ama-fangs abukeke okomuntu obukhali avimbela ukukhishwa endaweni lapho inhlanzi ingene khona.
Ama-Aquariums nemishini
Isitolo se-inthanethi se-ExoticZoo Aquarium sinikeza ukukhethwa okukhulu kwama-aquarium azo zonke izinhlobo nobukhulu. Lapha unga-oda i-aquarium ngokulethwa e-Ukraine ngenani eliphansi kakhulu. Sizothola i-aquarium ikhabethe, ikhava ne-Drip tray.
Wabaqalayo bezindawo zasemanzini, sinikezela ngamasethi we-aquarium - ama-aquarium afakwe yonke imishini edingekayo - isihlungi se-aquarium, i-compressor, i-control regator (i-heater), ipompo (iphampu), kanye nokukhanyisa.
Ukukhetha okukhulu kokuhlobisa kwe-aquarium - isifuba sezinto ezingamagugu, imigwaqo engaphansi komhlaba, imikhumbi eshisiwe yelanga, ama-coral asolwandle kanye nama-coral asolwandle wemvelo, amagobolondo, inhlabathi ye-aquarium kuzosiza ukwenza ukubukeka komhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi kube okungajwayelekile nokwangempela.
Ukuqala i-aquarium futhi ulondoloze ibhalansi yemvelo, ungathenga ama-conditioners, izivivinyo zamanzi, imithi yezinhlanzi ze-aquarium, imikhiqizo yokulawula i-algae e-aquarium, umanyolo wezitshalo.
Esitolo sethu kuhlala kunenketho enkulu yezinhlanzi nezitshalo ze-aquarium.
Ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, ikati lingasuswa. Ezimweni eziningi, imisebenzi ihamba ngaphandle kwemiphumela.Ngokwesiko, kusetshenziswa ijusi yezitshalo ezimbili, eyethulwa ngqo endaweni okunamathiselwe kuyo inhlanzi, ethi ngasikhathi sinye ibune. Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa ngudokotela, izilonda ze-catfish zingakubangela ukufa. USomik uhlala efa, ngoba akakwazi ukuphuma emzimbeni womuntu, ngoba umuntu akuyona umnikazi wekhanda.
Imvamisa, lapho ugeza nabahlali bendawo, ukuvikela kubo i-candiru, amadoda abopha ijwabu, futhi abesifazane bafaka imigqomo ekhethekile yokubhukuda eyenziwe ngamagobolondo kakhukhunathi noma imicu yesundu, futhi lapho kukhona khona iningi lalezinhlanzi, bayakugwema ukungena emanzini ngokuphelele. Yize uCandiru enganciphisi ohlelweni lomoya-mpilo, awukwazi ukuba khona isikhathi eside ku-bladder and ducts of izilwane zasemhlabeni.
Ngo-1941, kwanyatheliswa i-athikili ekhuluma ngoCandyra kuyi-American Journal of Surgery. Ababhali bayo - uKenneth Winton noHugh Stickler - bathi amaNdiya eza nendlela yokuqeda inhlanzi. Izindawo zakha ukwakheka okukhethekile okuvela ezitsheni zesihlahla se-jagua. Kuvela isiphuzo esine-acid esusa ukoma kahle futhi kuthiwa kusiza ukuqeda i-candiru. Inhlanzi ishiya inyamazane yayo ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa. Akwaziwa nje ukuthi kungenzeka kangakanani.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zenhlanzi uKandiru. Lezi yi-Candira, ikhula ibe ngosayizi womunwe, uCokul, ikhula ibe ngosayizi wezinyo, noCandira ama-scavenger, adla izinhlanzi ezifile ikakhulukazi. Yize iCandiru scavenger ihlala emfuleni, njengama-scavenger amaningi abalithandi ilanga futhi bathambekele ekumbeni isihlabathi nesihlabathi sasemfuleni ngaphansi kwamatshe nokhuni olugelezayo.
I-hydrolytic enjenge-Mackerel enjenge-hydrolytic, inhlanzi ye-vampire noma i-payara (i-lat. Hydrolycus scomberoides), yize ingejwayelekile, itholakala ezindaweni ezinamanzi, yize ibukhulu nosayizi wayo. Lesi sidlamlilo esisheshayo futhi esinolaka, buka nje umlomo wakhe ngokwanele ukuthi konke ukungabaza kunyamalale. Amazinyo anjengalawa awabonakala ngisho naphakathi kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini, azifani naphakathi kwamanzi amasha.
Inhlanzi i-Vampire iginya izisulu zayo ziphelele, ngezikhathi ezithile idwengula izingxenye ezincane.
Ikhula ibe nkulu kakhulu, ifinyelela ku-120 cm ubude, futhi ingaba nesisindo esingama-20 kg, yize abantu abathile abahlala e-aquarium imvamisa bengabi ngaphezu kwama-75 cm. Igama lesayensi igama elithi mackerel-like hydrolytic, kepha lidume kakhulu ngaphansi kwamagama we-payara ne-vampire fish, libizwa nangokuthi i-sabra-toothed tetra.
Inhlanzi ye-Vampire, i-payara noma i-sabra-toothed
Isilo esinamazinyo amakhulu - i-tetra-toothed tetra noma i-payara, eqanjwe izinhlanzi ze-vampire . Ukubheka okukodwa e-vampire kuveza ukufana kwayo nesinye sababulali be-toothy abajabulisa kakhulu besikhathi sonke. Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-400 eyedlule, akekho noyedwa wezingwazi zamanzi owayesinda ngemuva kokuhlangana nalesi silo esikhulu - iDunkleosteem. Ufinyelele kumamitha ayi-6 ubude futhi ungomunye wokuqala owaba namazinyo aphuma ngaphandle, abukhali njengehlanga.
Eqinisweni, babeyisandiso sikakhanda. Namuhla, la mazinyo amabi we-prehistoric angabonakala ezinhlanzini ze-vampire, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi akuyona inzalo eqondile ye-duncleostea. Angakwazi ukuvula umlomo wakhe kakhulu futhi adle inyamazane elingana nesiqingatha sobukhulu bakhe, ngakho-ke iPayara iyingozi kakhulu. U-Payara uthole igama lakhe - inhlanzi ye-vampire ngenxa yamazinyo emihlambi emide amade-5 amasentimitha akhula ephuma emhlathini ophansi. Lapho ihamba eduze kwesivinini esisheshayo, inhlanzi ingabeka inyamazane emacansini ayo amade ngemiphetho ekhonjisiwe. Ama-fangs awanalutho - uyinto enzima kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Imicu yama-fang ifihlwe ngaphakathi kwamaphakethi akhona kugebhezi. U-Payara uthatha lezi zinkemba kuphela uma kunempi enegazi. Isimo esilinganiselwe se-Payara sisuka emsileni siye ekhanda kubonakala ngathi senzelwe ukuthuthuka okuphezulu kwamandla ayo okudla. I-payara inomhlathi omncane kanye nomzimba omncane ukuze uhambe ngokushesha endaweni yasemanzini.
ILionfish
ILionfish - izinhlanzi ezidla inyama ezihlala emanzini ashisayo ase-Indian nase Pacific Pacific - ngasogwini lwase China, Japan nase Australia. Ingenye yezinhlanzi ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Ubude bawo bomzimba bubalelwa ku-30 cm, isisindo sifinyelela ku-1 kg. I-lionfish inezimbambo ezinde zamaphisi we-dorsal and pectoral, lapho kufihlwe khona izinaliti ezinobuthi obukhali. Umjovo onenalithi ubuhlungu kakhulu. Ubuhlungu obukhuni bulandelwa ukuwohloka kwesimo, okuphela ngokukhubazeka kwezicubu zamathambo nokuphefumula. Uma isisulu singadonswa ngaso sonke isikhathi ogwini, siyoshona.
I-eel kagesi yinhlanzi (yize igama) lihlala imifula engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNingizimu Melika, kanye nezintela zase-Amazon. Kutholakale emazweni anjengeBrazil, iFrench Guiana, iGuyana, iPeru, iSuriname neVenezuela. Ubude obuphakathi kwabadala bungu-1-1,5 m, ubukhulu bezinhlobo ezaziwayo bufinyelele cishe kumamitha amathathu ubude. Isisindo esimaphakathi - kufika kuma-20 kg (ubukhulu - ama-45 kg). Ama-eel kagesi angakhiqiza ukukhipha okukhona njengamanje okungu-300-650 V namandla ka-0.1-1 A. Le voltage ayikwazi ukubulala umuntu, kepha izoba buhlungu kakhulu.
Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ze-tiger ziluhlobo lwenhlanzi enkulu enamanzi amnyama ahlala enkabeni nasentshonalanga ye-Afrika, ogwini lweCongo kanye nemifula yeLualaba, kanye nasemachibini ase-Upemba naseTanganyika. Le nhlanzi ikhula ibe ngu-1.5 m ubude futhi ifinyelela isisindo esingama-50 kg. ECongo, kuye kwabikwa amacala okuhlaselwa kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu zenyathi kubantu. Ngokusho kwezakhamizi zakule ndawo, yilena kuphela yezinhlanzi ezingasabi izingwenya.
IBagarius yarrelli luhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezitholakala emifuleni yaseNingizimu Asia. Zitholakala emazweni anjengeBangladesh, India, China (Isifundazwe saseYunnan) naseNepal. Ikhula ifike kumamitha ayi-2 ubude futhi inesisindo esingaphezu kwama-90 kg. Emizaneni emithathu osebeni lomfula iSarda eNepal naseNdiya, phakathi kuka-1998 no-2007, kunamacala aqoshiwe okuhlaselwa kwalezi zinhlanzi kubantu, okuvame ukubangela ukufa.
Indawo yesithupha yohlu lwenhlanzi eyingozi kunazo zonke ihlala iBrown Snakehead - uhlobo lwenhlanzi enkulu enamanzi amnyama ehlala izidumbu zamanzi aseVietnam, i-Indonesia, iLaos, iThailand, iMalaysia neNdiya. Zikhula ngobude kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,3 futhi zinesisindo esingama-20 kg. Bahle kakhulu futhi banolaka. Kuhlaselwa inyamazane ivela kulowo oqamekele leyo.
Indawo yesihlanu ohlwini lwezinhlanzi eziyingozi kunazo zonke emhlabeni i-warty - izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezidliwayo ezinendawo enobuthi ngemuva. Isilinganiso sobude be-wart ngamasentimitha angama-35-50. Sihlala ezigodini zamakhorali ekujuleni okungamamitha angama-30 e-Indian and Pacific Oceans. Kubhekwa njengenhlanzi enobuthi kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ubuthi bayo bubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukushaqeka, ukukhubazeka futhi kuholele ekufeni kwezicubu. Ebantwini, umthamo omkhulu wobuthi ungabulala.
Ama-Piranhas izinhlanzi eziningi ezidotshwa ngamanzi amnyama (izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-50) ezihlala emifuleni kanye namachibi aseNingizimu Melika. Finyelela ubude obufika ku-30 cm nesisindo kufika ku-kilogramu. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-30- 35 zama-piranhas adla ezitshalweni zasemanzini nezithelo eziwele emanzini, kanti izinhlobo ezingama-28- 30 ziyizisulu ezijwayelekile. Zinemisipha enamandla enamazinyo abukhali. Bahlasela inhlanzi nezinye izilwane, kubandakanya nabantu. Ukwakheka komhlathi ophansi namazinyo kuvumela ama-piranhas ukuba akhiphe izingcezu ezinkulu zenyama esiwombeni. Umhlambi wepiranhas ngemizuzu embalwa ungasibhubhisa ngokuphelele isilwane esinesisindo esingama-50 kg.
I-brown puffer - uhlobo lwezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezivela emndenini we-pufferfish. Zihlala emanzini nasolwandle amanzi angxenyeni esenyakatho nentshonalanga yoLwandle iPacific. Khula ufike kuma-80 cm ubude. Ukufakwa kwaso (ikakhulukazi isibindi namaqanda) kunobuthi obukhulu futhi kuqukethe i-tetrodotoxin, okuthi nakuba kumithamo emincane ibulale abantu. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kungenxa yale nhlanzi ukuthi bavame ukulungisa isidlo sendabuko sokudla kwaseJapan - uFugu. Phakathi kuka-2004-2007, kwafa abantu abayi-15, kwathi abantu ababalelwa ku-115 bangeniswa esibhedlela ngemuva kokunambitha lobu bumnandi.
Inhlanzi eyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni yinhlanzi enjenge-mackerel enjenge-hydrolytic noma i- "vampire fish" - uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezidla inyama ezihlala ezigodini zomfula i-Amazon nase-Orinoco eVenezuela. Zingakhula zibe nobude obuyi-117 cm futhi zibe nesisindo esingu-17.8 kg. Isici esidume kakhulu senhlanzi i-vampire ubutha baso kanye nemicu emibili emide ephuma emhlathini ophansi. Lawa ma fangs angafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-1010. Ama-hydrolytiki anama-mackerel adla cishe kunoma iyiphi inhlanzi encane ngosayizi, kufaka phakathi ama-piranhas nokunye.
Yabelana kwezenhlalo. amanethiwekhi
Inhlanzi eyi-vampire, noma i-mackerel-like hydrolytic (lat. Hydrolycus scomberoides), inamazinyo abukhali angajwayelekile nge-saber. Ukufakelwa emhlathini ongezansi kungafika ubude obu-15 cm. Akhulu kakhulu ngokwezibalo aze angena kwizimbobo ezikhethekile ezisehlathini elingaphezulu.
Igama lesayensi lohlobo lweHydrolycus lakhiwa amagama esiGreki athi hydro kanye ne-lykos, okusho ukuthi amanzi nezimpisi.
Le nhlanzi enamanzi acwebile ingekaCynodontidae womndeni ovela ku-Characiformes ye-oda. Yachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka we-1819 isazi semvelo saseFrance uGeorges Leopold Cuvier.
KwiLatin America, kwaziwa ngamagama athi Payara (payara), chambira (chambira) noma inhlanzi kaDeveli (pez diablo). Ezincwadini zolimi lwaseRussia, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-sabra-toothed tetra. Inyama yayo inokunambitheka okuphansi, ngakho-ke, ayinayo inani lentengiso.
Inhlanzi kaGoliyati noma inhlanzi enkulu yenselo
Kukhona inganekwane yase-Afrika mayelana nesilo esikhulu sendoda ebulala konke okusendleleni yayo. Ngakho-ke bathi igologi elikhulu lezinhlanzi ezinkulu . Akunabantu abaningi abayibamba engozini yokuyibamba, futhi bambalwa kakhulu abantu abakwazi ukuyibamba. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu zamakati zihlala eMfuleni iCongo. Kule ndawo yempi baphoqelelwa ukuba babe bakhulu, uma kungenjalo bazodliwa. Ukuba yizisulu zomdlandla obukekayo, zingafinyelela isisindo esingama-50 kg, kepha kuncane okwaziwayo ngalezi zinhlanzi ezingenakudalwa.
Kuyaziwa. Ezinye izazi zebhayoloji zithi zifinyelela osayizi abakhulu - 2m ubude, no-70kg osisindo. Konke lokhu kubonga amazinyo enziwe ngokubulala. Imihlathi namazinyo ezinhlanzi ezinkulu zenyathi kukhombisa ukuthi azondla kwezinye izinhlanzi. Amazinyo abo aqhakaze insingo nemihlathi kungabamba ikhunku elikhulu lesisulu esingelapheki. Babelana ngomuthi womndeni ne-piranha edumile. Leli yiqembu lezinhlanzi zakudala, belokhu ligcwala izigidi zeminyaka. Futhi njengama-piranhas amaningi, umlomo owesabekayo wenhlanzi ye-goliath ufana nomgibe webhere. Kukhona ukuncintisana okuqinile kwibhokisi lokudla eMfuleni waseCongo, futhi nedivayisi efanayo isiza ukukhipha nokubamba inyamazane enkulu. Ngisho nabadobi be-bravest bababheka njengezitha eziyingozi. Amazinyo akhe acwebile abukeka njengoshaka.
Kodwa-ke, ukusinda kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu zamakati kanye nezinye izilo zamanzi amade esikhathini eside kuhlala kusongelwa ngento eyodwa - ukudoba ngokweqile kwalezi zinhlanzi. Izazi zezemvelo manje zisiza ososayensi nohulumeni ukuthola omunye umthombo wokudla komphakathi wendawo ukunikeza lezi zinhlanzi ezinkulu kangaka.
Ngabe ufuna izindatshana ezihehayo? Sinabo! Bhalisela ukuvuselelwa futhi uzojabula :) Ungasho futhi ngathi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana usebenzisa izinkinobho ezifanele, futhi uzojabula ngokuningilizayo :)
Inhlanzi ihlala emifuleni emikhulu yaseNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi e-Orinoco nase-Amazon. Zincamela imifula ehlanzekile enamanzi asheshayo namanzi abilayo, imvamisa ezindaweni ezijulile ngaphansi kwe-rapids, engxenyeni engezansi yezimpophoma, lapho kudaleka isiyaluyalu esikhulu.
- Imibandela:
- Umthamo we-aquarium usukela kumalitha angama-2000.
- Ukushisa - 24-28 ° C
- Inani le-PH 6.0-8.0
- Ubulukhuni bamanzi - 5- 15 dGH
- Uhlobo lwe-substrate - amatshe
- Ukukhanya - okulingene
- Amanzi angaboli - cha
- Ukuhamba kwamanzi kuqinile
- Usayizi - ngaphezu kwamamitha
- Ukudla - Izinhlanzi Ezincane
- Isikhathi sokuphila - cishe iminyaka emi-2 ekuthunjweni
Ukubhebhetheka
Indawo le itholakala emifuleni ye-Amazon ne-Orinoco. Izinhlanzi zeVampire zitholakala eBrazil, eVenezuela, e-Ecuador, ePeru naseBolivia.
Izidleke ezinkulu kunazo zonke zihlala emilanjeni yaseTapajos, Araguaya kanye naseTokantis, okuyizinto ezikhokhisa i-Amazon. Izilokotho ezinkulu kunazo zonke zabanjwa eMfuleni iParaguay eVenezuela. Ngo-1966, isiqhwaga esinesisindo esingu-17.8 kg no-108 cm ubude sabanjwa eduze nase-Uraima Island.
Inhlanzi yaseVampire ijwayelekile endaweni eshisayo yesimo sezulu esishisayo, lapho amanzi afudumeza khona aze afike ku-24 ° -28 ° C.
Ukuziphatha
Abamele le nhlobo bahlala kaningi emifuleni egeleza ngokushesha eduze kwezimpophoma, okuncane okuvame kakhulu eduze kwamabhange esihlabathi kanye nezindawo ezikhukhulelwayo zehlathi. Bejwayele amandla amanje, banamandla amangalisayo, ngakho-ke bayaziswa kakhulu abalandeli bezokudoba imidlalo. Ukusinda kwezilo ezinje kudinga ubugqi obukhethekile nokukhuthazela kubadobi.
I-hydrolytic enomumo we-mackerel ukhetha imizimba yamanzi enamanzi ahlanzekile futhi, uma kungenzeka, abonakalayo. Uhola ikakhulukazi indlela yokuphila eyedwa, ngezikhathi ezithile ahlangana emihlanjini encane yokuzingela ngokuhlanganyela.
Umhlaseli unamandla ngokweqile futhi uhlasela noma yisiphi isidalwa esincane kunosayizi waso. Ngaphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi, udla ama-amphibians, ama-crustaceans, izibungu kanye ne-waterfowl. Isisekelo sokudla izinhlanzi eziyisisekelo. Uthando oluhle lujatshulelwa (Pygocentrus natt audi), ehlala kakhulu kwimenyu yansuku zonke.
Inhlanzi i-Vampire ibhubhisa kalula izisulu ezinobukhulu bazo obulingana nesiqingatha sobude bomzimba wayo. Uhlala alinde inyamazane ekujuleni kwama-3-5 m.
Ukuzala
Ukuthomba kwenzeka lapho umzimba ufinyelela kubude obungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-27. Ama-hydrolytics omise okwenziwe ngeMackerel phakathi nenkathi kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli, lapho isikhathi semvula sidlula endaweni yaso futhi izinga lamanzi likhuphuka kakhulu emizimbeni yamanzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-acidity yemvelo yasemanzini isuka ku-pH 6-7.5.
Imvamisa, izinsikazi zizalela amaqanda kusuka ngoDisemba kuya kuFebhuwari. Amaqanda ayajaha kwikholamu yamanzi futhi ayakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade. Ububanzi babo bubalelwa ku-1 mm.
Ngokuya ngosayizi wayo, insikazi eyodwa iyakwazi ukukhiqiza amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50 kuye kwangama-300.
Izibungu ezibunjiwe zidla uketshezi oluncane lwe-invertebrate. Akukho mininingwane ethembekile ngokuthuthuka kwabo endle. Ekuthunjweni, izinhlanzi ze-vampire zivelisa kakhulu.
Izinhlanzi ze-Hedgehog
Inhlanzi engajwayelekile ihlala emanzini afudumele phakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali ezishisayo. Esizwa ingozi, agxila ebholeni eligcwele imithanjeni.
Lezi spikes zisengozini enkulu kunazo zonke kubantu. Amabheringi angakhathalekile angahle akholwe. Kuyadingeka ukunikeza ukunakekelwa kwezokwelashwa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho umuntu uyafa.
Isikhumba nezitho zangaphakathi zenhlanzi engajwayelekile ziqukethe ubuthi obunoshevu, ngakho-ke ukuyidla akunconywa.
Izinhlanzi zihamba kancane futhi zihamba kancane, yingakho ngaphansi kwethonya lemisinga yamanzi zingaba sezindaweni ezikude nendawo yokuhlala.
Eyaziwa njengenhlanzi ye-vampire, mhlawumbe inhlanzi eyingozi kunazo zonke, ngoba ingadla ngisho nepiranha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingenye yezinhlanzi zamanzi amnandi kakhulu, okwenza ithandwe phakathi kwabadobi bokugembula abathandayo. Lapho ishayiswa yisikhubekiso noma ngesipinashi, imelana nenkuthalo yemizamo yokuyikhipha emanzini.
Ama-preredators akhula ngaphezu kwe-1 imitha futhi anesisindo kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-17 kilos. Isici esiphambili senhlanzi ingamaphini abukhali atholakala emhlathini ongezansi. Ngenxa yabo, uthola igama lesidlaliso elithi "vampire fish" kepha akaphuzi igazi.
Ama-Stingrays
Sigcwalisa inhlanzi yethu eyingozi kakhulu ngomele umndeni we-stingray. Isipingi sisebenzisa iningi lesikhathi phansi, singcwatshwe esihlabathini.
Lolu hlobo lwempilo yasolwandle luyingozi ebantwini. Nge-spike ebukhali, iyakwazi ukungena esikhunjeni, kanti ubuthi obukhululiwe bubangela ukuqothuka, ukukhubazeka futhi kungabulala.
Abantu abadala bakhula babe ngamamitha ayi-1,8 ubude, kanti iziqhwaga ezinjengalezi zingama-30 kilos. Ama-stingrays adla ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, futhi ubuthi busetshenziswa kuphela njengokuvikelwa. Imvamisa, inyamazane yasolwandle ngokwayo iba isisulu sabashaka.
Isiphetho
Njengoba ubona, izilwandle, izilwandle kanye nemifula zigcwele izakhamizi eziyingozi, umhlangano ongathandeki kubantu. Izinhlanzi eziyingozi kakhulu zitholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zeplanethi yethu emangalisayo, futhi lapho zizingela zisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubhubhisa, kusuka emafutheni abukhali kuya ekushisweni kukagesi.
Njalo qaphela lapho uvakashela izindawo zokungcebeleka zasolwandle futhi ubhukuda emifuleni nasemachibini, ngoba noma ikuphi ukuhlangana nezinhlanzi ezisohlwini kungaba yingozi enkulu.
Isifo sezinhlanzi
Izimbangela zezifo eziningi zihambisana nezimo ezingafanele zokuboshwa (ikhwalithi yamanzi, ukuntuleka kwendawo, ukungcoliswa kwendalo, njll.).e.), ukuhlinzekwa kwayo ngezinga elamukelekayo kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi noma zisesimweni esikahle, lezi zinhlanzi azivamile ukuhlala ekudingisweni iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2.