I-ateronotus emhlophe ebheke phambili noma ummese omnyama - lezi zinhlanzi eminyakeni yamuva nje ziye zathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezazi zasemanzini ezifuywayo. Ngokokuqala ngqa, kwethulwa izinhlanzi futhi kwavela kuma-aquariums ethu ekuqaleni kwama-80s. Wazuza izinhliziyo zabo bobabili ochwepheshe nabaqalayo, ngenxa yobuhle bakhe nokunyakaza okuhle. Futhi-ke, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuyihlanganisa nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi kwenza konke kukhangeke kakhulu ngokugcina ku-aquarium yasekhaya.

Igama lesi Latin:I-Apteronotus albifrons.
Isigcawu:Ama-Gymniformes (Gymnotiformes).
Umndeni:I-Afteronotovye (Apteronotidae).
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi:23 - 28 ° C.
"Acidity"pH:6,0 – 7,5°.
"Ukuqina"dH: 5 - 15°.
Ukudideka:30%.
Ubulukhuni bokuqukethwe:Easy.

Ukuvumelana: I-Black Knife - I-Afteronotus, inhlanzi ephansi, enokuthula, kepha ngasikhathi sinye. Imimese emnyama ikhombisa ulaka lwe-intraspecific emzabalazweni wensimu, ikakhulukazi abesilisa. Abanye omakhelwane abase-aquarium abanandaba. Inhlanzi ingummese omnyama, ifinyelela osayizi abakhulu impela - emvelweni kuze kufike ku-50 cm, naku-aquarium kuze kufike ku-30-40 cm. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuyiqukethe ikhophi elilodwa e-aquarium kusuka kumalitha ayi-150. nanoma iyiphi inhlanzi ethanda ukuthula osayizi abaphakathi nabakhulu. Izinhlanzi ezihamba kakhulu nezingasasebenzi kahle, njengamabhebhu, zingadala ukungajabuli kumimese enamahloni futhi zincine amaphiko awo abuthakathaka, futhi, ngokwesibonelo, ama-neon nama-guppies, i-apertonotus kungaba yiphutha ngokudla. Ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlanzi bheka i-athikili ukuhambisana kwezinhlanzi ze-aquarium.

Bangaki abahlala: ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele ezise-aquarium yasekhaya, u-Afteronotus uphila iminyaka eyi-12. Thola ukuthi zingaki ezinye izinhlanzi ezihlala khona KULESI SIHLOKO!

Inani elincane le-aquarium: kusuka ku-150l., ku-aquarium enjalo ungabeka umuntu oyedwa walolu hlobo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, i-Afteronotus ifinyelela usayizi omuhle, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthenga ngokushesha i-aquarium kusuka kumalitha angama-200-250. Ukuthola ukuthi zingakanani izinhlanzi ezingagcinwa ku-X litre aquarium, niyabo LAPHA

Izidingo zokunakekela nokuqukethwe njengoba usuqonde, kokuqukethwe Ummese omnyama udinga i-aquarium enkulu, enamanzi ahlanzekile, njalo ene-lid, ngoba inhlanzi ingagxuma iphume. Ngokuqondene nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, zidinga ukudala izimo eziseduze nemvelo.

Kulokhu, i-aquarium kufanele ifakwe ukuhlunga okuhle, mhlawumbe isihlungi se-peat, i-aeration esebenzayo kanye nokushintshwa kwamanzi kwamasonto onke kuze kufinyelele ku-30-35% wevolumu ye-aquarium. Futhi, izindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene kufanele zibekwe e-aquarium - i-driftwood, grottoes, okungcono ukutshala izitshalo ezakha amathangothi aminyene, ukuze izinhlanzi zicashe phakathi nosuku, ngoba kuholela ngokuyisisekelo indlela yokuphila yasebusuku. Ukukhanya kungakhanya, kuvuleke kakhulu izitshalo, kanye nezinhlanzi ukukhanya kufanele kube buthakathaka, lapho umbono wezinhlanzi uvuselelwa khona, lokhu kudinga izindawo ezinombala kahle lapho ama-Athertonotuses angacasha khona ngokukhanya okukhanya ngesikhathi sasemini.

Isithombe esihle izinhlanzi ummese omnyama

Ukondla nokudla: I-ateronotus ebekwe ngamehlo amhlophe i-carnivorous futhi, ezimweni zemvelo, idla kakhulu izibungu ezinambuzane kanye nefry yezinye izinhlanzi. Ekhaya, ngokomqondo, akukho okuguqukayo, bakudla ngokuzithandela kokubili ukudla okukhona nokuqandisiwe - amachashazi egazi, amashubhu, benqabile ukudla ama-shrimps nama-squid, futhi ngokuqinisekile ngeke baphuthelwe isikhathi sokudla kwakusihlwa nenhlanzi gobela. Ngakho-ke, qaphela lapho uzalela ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ze-aquarium, ungashiyi gazinga ku-aquarium ejwayelekile, kungenjalo bayoba nesidlo sakusihlwa. Kuyivelakancane kakhulu ukuthatha ukudla okwomile nokufakwa esikhundleni salokho. Kunconywa ukondla imimese emnyama ngaphambi kokuvula isibani se-aquarium, noma ngemuva kokuyicisha kanye ngosuku. Ukweqa izinhlanzi kuyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yokwakheka kwamathumbu enhlanzi. Ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu kungaholela ekufeni kwawo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungadakwa ngokweqile kunokuphuza ngokweqile, futhi ku-aquarium yakho, kunoma yikuphi, izothola okuthile okudliwayo. Lapho ufuna ukudla, i-Afteronotus igxile kwezinguquko emasimini kagesi elenziwa ngama-receptors akhethekile asebangeni lonke lomzimba.

Ukondla izinhlanzi ze-aquarium kufanele kube okulungile: okulinganiselayo, okuhlukahlukene. Lo mthetho obalulekile uwukhiye wokulondolozwa okuphumelelayo kwanoma iyiphi inhlanzi, kungaba ngama-guppies noma ama-astronotuses. Isigaba "Kanjani futhi malini ukondla izinhlanzi zasemanzini" ikhuluma ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe, ichaza izimiso eziyisisekelo zokudla kanye nohulumeni wokudla izinhlanzi.

Kulesi sihloko, sibona into ebaluleke kakhulu - ukondla izinhlanzi akufanele kube yisinengiso, konke ukudla okwomile noku bukhoma kufanele kufakwe ekudleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake okuthandwa yi-gastronomic kwenhlanzi ethile futhi, ngokuya ngalokhu, kufaka ekudleni kwayo kokudla noma okuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwamaphrotheni noma okuphambene nalokho okuqukethe izithako zemifino.

Ukudla kwezinhlanzi ezidumile nezithandwayo, kunjalo, kungukudla okwomile. Isibonelo, njalo ngehora noma kuphi lapho ungathola khona emashalofini e-aquarium okuphakelwa kwenkampani yaseTetra - umholi wemakethe yaseRussia, empeleni, i-assortment of feed yale nkampani iyamangalisa. I-Tetra's "gastronomic" ye-gastronomic ifaka nokuphakelwa ngakunye kohlobo oluthile lwezinhlanzi: i-Goldfish, i-cichlids, i-loricaria, izinsiphu, i-labyrinths, i-arovans, i-discus, njll. I-Tetra ibuye yathuthukisa ama-feed akhethekile, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthuthukisa umbala, i-solidified noma i-fry. Imininingwane egcwele kuko konke ukuphakelwa kweTetra, ungakuthola kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yenkampani - lapha.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho uthenga noma yikuphi ukudla okwomile, kufanele unake usuku okwenziwe ngalo kanye nokuphila eshalofini, zama ukungathengi ukudla ngesisindo, futhi futhi nokugcina ukudla kusendaweni evaliwe - lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwezimbali ezikuwo.

Ngokwemvelo phila: Imimese emnyama ivela eNingizimu Melika, ihlala emachibini ageleza kancane, odaka, agcwele ezingxenyeni eziphakeme neziphakathi nendawo zase-Amazon - iBrazil, Colombia, Peru, iBolivia neParaguay, uMfula iParana. Ubukhulu benhlanzi bufika ku-50 cm.

Ukuzalela kanye nezici zobulili zenhlanzi emnyama: I-ateronotus emhlophe obheke phambili - inhlanzi inzima impela ukuzalanisa. Inzalo yokuqala yatholakala eLeningrad ngo-1990. Ifinyelela ekukhulelweni kwayo ineminyaka eyi-1-1,5. Izici zokuya ocansini cishe azinqunywa, insikazi incane ngesisu esiyindilinga xaxa, emadodeni ukuba khona kwesigaxa samafutha ekhanda. Ukuvula ukuqhekeka nge-predominance yabesilisa, ngoba lokhu kuthathwa i-aquarium engatheni yamalitha ayi-100. Isibhamu noma izintambo zokwenziwa zifanelekile njengesiqalo. I-Spawning ivuselelwa ukwehlisa izinga lamanzi, ilandelwe ukwanda kwamanzi ancishisiwe, kuqale isikhathi semvula, izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingama-25-26 ° C, isibani asisihle. Kunconywa ukufaka izifutho eziningana ezakha ukuhamba kwamanzi okuqinile, ukuqhekeka kuvame ukwenzeka ekuseni kokusakazwa kwayo. Amanzi ku-incubator kumele agcotshwe kahle nomoya-mpilo. Insikazi ifinya amaqanda aphuzi angama-500, kunalokho anamathela ngamaqanda. Ngemuva kokuhluma, abakhiqizi banconywa ukuthi batshale, ngaphandle kwalokho amaqanda azodliwa, isikhathi sokukhula sithatha amahora angama-96. I-Fry iyavela engabhukuda futhi idle i-zooplankton. Ngokulondolozwa okufanele kanye nokondliwa okufanelekile, izingane zanda ngokushesha futhi lapho inyanga ingena ku-5 cm futhi ithathe isimo nombala wezinhlanzi zabantu abadala.

5. I-Knife fish: inyamazane yasebusuku

I-Knife fish noma ummese omnyama ungummeleli wamanzi amnandi woMfula i-Amazon ovela emndenini wezinhlanzi zikagesi. Ummese omnyama uhola indlela yokuphila yobusuku, echitha usuku lonke ecashe phakathi nosuku.

Le yinhlanzi engenakusebenza kalula, futhi umzimba uhlala uqondile ngesikhathi sokuhamba, kuphela inhlawulo ekugogeni kwesisu. Angakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha hhayi phambili kuphela, kodwa futhi abuyele emuva futhi elele emhlane wakhe. Ummese wezinhlanzi unesitho sikagesi, esidlala indima enkulu ekufuneni ukudla. Ama-receptors kagesi athola ukunyakaza okuncane. Ummese omnyama uthathwa njengongqondongqondo phakathi kwezilwane ezizingelayo. Uyakwazi ukubona umniniyo bese ebhukuda kuye ukuze adle.

Izinhlanzi ze-Knife azikwazi ukubekezelela izinto zokuhamba futhi zijwayele izimo ezintsha, ngakho-ke kufanelekile kubahlweli bamanzi asebekhulile.

4. Snakehead

Umhlaseli wangempela, emvelweni nasekudingisweni - angamakhanda ezinyoka. Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, inyoka idla zonke izinhlanzi ezingakwazi ukuyibamba. Unekhono elihlukile lokuphefumula umoya-mpilo womkhathi.

Ikhanda lenhlanzi limbozwe isikali esinjengeyenyoka, umzimba uphakeme. Ngalezi zimfanelo, wayebizwa ngokuthi ama-snakesheads.

3. I-Tetraodon

Lowo omele lo mndeni onezinyawo ezine uhlukaniswa yinhloko enkulu enamehlo amakhulu nomzimba omise okweqanda. I-tetraodon ayinawo amaphiko esiswini, futhi isikali ngasinye sinesipikili esidonsayo esicutshini.

Lesi simangalo se-aquarium siyizinhlobo ezingandile ezinamandla okuvikela kanye nomlingisi owesabayo. I-Tetraodon enamapulangwe abukhali futhi aqinile emgodini womlomo iyakwazi ukuchoboza amagobolondo e-oysters nama-mollusks, okuwukudla kwayo okuyinhloko. Futhi amaphini aqinile e-pectoral akuvumela ukuba usheshe umthole ohlukumezekile. ITetraodon inezindlela zokuvikela ezinamandla kunazo zonke:

• uyakwazi ukudumba njengebhola
• ukukhuphuka esikalini uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi,
• izicubu nama-gonads aqukethe ubuthi obunamandla kunabo bonke, obulala isitha ofuna ukukusidla.

Kungcono ukuthi ungagcini i-tetraodons nezinye izinhlanzi e-aquarium. Izimbangi ezise-aquarium zingaba nolaka ngisho nezihlobo zazo.

2. I-Clarium catfish

UClarias (elihunyushwe lisuka esiLatini ngokuthi "elikhanyayo") unomzimba ophakeme womqubuko onenhlawulo ende yokuqhamuka ngokushesha ekhanda. I-Catfish inesitho sokungenela se-suprajugal, esikuvumela ukuba wenze ngaphandle kwamanzi futhi uphefumulele umoya osemkhathini.

Ngenxa yobulukhuni nobudlova bamaClarias, agcinwa e-aquarium yezinhlobo. Lezi zinhlanzi ezinamandla kakhulu, ezisebenzayo, ezibonakala ngokuhamba okungapheli emhlabathini. Azidingi izimo ezikhethekile zokuboshwa, cishe noma iyiphi imvelo efanelekile kubo.

I-Clarias iphila impilo engabodwa ebusika. E-aquarium, kuyinto efiselekayo ukunikeza inhlabathi eyanele lapho ethanda ukungcwaba khona. Ngesizathu esifanayo, imifino kumele ibe nohlelo oluqinile lwezimpande namaqabunga aqinile.

UClarias ubhekisele kwabakhulu beminyaka. I-Catfish yabesifazane ingaphila iminyaka engama-25.

1. IPiranha

Ama-Piranhas izinhlanzi ezesabekayo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yama-movie waseHollywood. Ukuthandwa kwabo phakathi kwezazi zasemanzini kukhula unyaka nonyaka. IPiranha ibala ukwakheka kwemihlathi yayo, ekhipha izingcezu zenyama kalula futhi ikwazi ukuluma amathambo aze afike ku-1 cm ububanzi. Ezilondolozini zokwenziwa, afinyelela ubude obungabi ngaphezu kwama-30 cm, kanti ngokwemvelo angaba ngu-80 cm.

Ama-Piranhas athambekele ekudleni ngokweqile, yize edla kakhulu. Abaphethe inkemba, izithupha njengokudla okubukhoma, bavunyelwe ukungena e-aquarium nabo. Uma belambile, banolaka olukhulu futhi bayakwazi ukujija ngisho nangomuntu isandla.

Ukugcina izitha ezidliwayo e-aquarium kuwumsebenzi onzima futhi obizayo, kepha kuyathakazelisa futhi kuyajabulisa.

Unawe umagazini "Emhlabeni wezinhlanzi."

Thumb up and subscript—ngibonga kakhulu umbhali.

Yabelana ngombono wakho kumazwana, sihlala siwafunda.

UKUPHILA KULULA

Inhlanzi emnyama yommese yaqala wachazwa uKarl Line ngo-1766. Ihlala eMelika eseMelika, eAmazon nasezithendeni zayo. I-White-apertonotus ibizwa nangokuthi ngommese omnyama, kanti ngesiNgisi iBlack Ghost Knifefish iyinhlanzi emnyama yommese.

Emvelweni, uhlala ezindaweni ezinenkambo emnene futhi enesihlabathi esithe xaxa, ufudukela ezingxenyeni zemango ezingcolile ngesikhathi semvula. Njengezinhlanzi eziningi zohlobo lwayo, ithanda izindawo ezakhiwe ngokweqile ezinamakhefu amaningi. E-Amazon, izindawo lapho kuhlala khona ama-aptronotus azikhanyisi kahle futhi zinamehlo ampofu kakhulu. Ukuze unxephezele ubuthakathaka bokubona, ikhebula elimhlophe likhiqiza insimu kagesi ebuthaka izungeze ngokwayo, ngosizo lwayo idonsa ukunyakaza nezinto. Insimu isiza ukuzingela nokuzulazula, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo lukagesi, i-apertonotus ixhumana nohlobo lwayo. Imimese emnyama izinyamazane ezihlasela ebusuku ezihlasela emifuleni yezinambuzane, izibungu, izibungu nezinhlanzi ezincane.

Inhlambi yommese izala kanjani?

Ukuvuthwa kwe-Atheronotus kwenzeka eneminyaka eyodwa nengxenye. Lezi zinhlanzi zizalela ngohlobo lokuphalwa kwesikole, lapho owesilisa nowesifazane ababili behlanganyela. Ukunwebeka kwenzeka ekuseni ngaphansi komfula wamanzi. Ngenxa yale nqubo, insikazi ibekela amaqanda aphuzi aphuzi acishe abe ngu-500, bese idonsa abesilisa. Ama-larvae aqala ukuvela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-6, izinhlanzi ezincane zingabhukuda ngokuzimela futhi zidle ngisho nase-plankton.

Ngubani ongagcinwa ku-aquarium efanayo

Ummese wezinhlanzi ubonakala ngokuthula okukhulu, awunandaba ngokuphelele nezakhamizi zase-aquarium. Akadli ama-mollusks, njengoba ama-astronotuses enza, ngokwesibonelo, awabhubhisi i-algae njengezidumbu zomhlobiso. Zilungele inkampani enezinhlanzi ezinkulu ze-aquarium ezidla kuphela ukudla kwezitshalo nezinambuzane ezincane noma ukudla kwasolwandle. Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi izakhamizi ezincane ze-aquarium, ezingaphambaniseka ngokudla, zingafa uma zigcinwa "echibini" elifanayo ngamimese yezinhlanzi. Okokuqala, ama-neon amancane, ama-goupias amancane, nezinkemba asenkingeni ayahlupheka. Lapho sebekhulile baba “ngabangani,” into esemqoka akuyona ukugcoba “izinkemba”.

I-Angelfish, i-discus, ama-clown nezinye izinhlanzi ezifanayo zizoba abahlala kahle kuzo "imimese". Ukuze usabalalise ubukhulu bezinsimbi ezise-aquarium ngangokunokwenzeka, kungcono ukukopela izinhlanzi ezihlala kwikholamu yamanzi kubo, bese ubeka amapayipi ambalwa epulasitiki izinkemba. Bazongena kubo futhi bazizwe bekhululekile.

Ama-cohabitants amabi kakhulu

Ukuhambisana kwommese wezinhlanzi kanye ne-astronotus kucishe kube yi-zero. Amaphini awo amade futhi abuthakathaka amane acasule abasebenza ngedlozi abahlala becwebela. Ngeke bazidle izinhlanzi ngokwazo, kepha zingaphazamisa ukubukeka okukhulu kakhulu - amaphini ayohlale eboshwe. Lokhu kufanele wengeze ama-barbs, nawo athanda ukucindezela amaphiko.

Uma unemimese eminingana emnyama e-aquarium, kuzodingeka uqiniseke ukuthi ngamunye wabo unendawo yakhe yokuhlala ekhoneni eliphambene le-aquarium. Bangakwazi ukujoyina impi yensimu. Indawo yokuhlala eyodwa kwababili izobangela ama-skirmish angapheli, ngenxa yalokho izinhlanzi zizothola ukucindezelwa. Kunconywa ukuthi uqale izinhlanzi ezi-1 kuphela nge-aquarium eyodwa noma okungenani ngamalitha ayi-150 amanzi. Okusho ukuthi, e-aquarium yamalitha angama-450 awekho ngaphezu "kwemimese" eyi-3.

Ungayondla kanjani inhlanzi?

Izinhlanzi ze-Knife zivame ukujaha izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans, ama-tadpoles kanye nezibungu, kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke zikuthanda ukudla okuphilayo. Ukujabulisa izilwane ezifuywayo, abanikazi bavame ukuthola ukuthosa, izinambuzane, ama-squid nezibungu. Ingaphathwa nangamaqatha amancane enyama, kepha ngeke iphathwe ngokudla okwenziwe ngecala. Kuyafaneleka ukondla lezi zinhlanzi kusihlwa, ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yazo yokusebenza.

Ukuziphatha ku-aquarium ejwayelekile

IBlack ateronotus inolaka kumalungu ezinhlobo zayo kanye namalungu omndeni asondelene nomndeni wakwa-Apteronotidae. Yize kunentukuthelo enamandla, ziyakwazi ukugwinya izinhlanzi ezincane, njengama-guppies, neon. Ama-barbs azobangela inkathazo, adonsa amaphiko amahle. I-ateronotus emhlophe ebheke phambili izodla wonke ama-mollusks nama-invertebrates ahlala e-nursery. Ukuvumelana kungenzeka nabamele izinhlobo zabo, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi bathola ubudlelwano uma i-aquarium inyinyekile futhi azikho izindawo zokukhosela. Ukuvumelana kuyenzeka futhi nenhlanzi eshisayo ephakathi nendawo enokuthula engabonwa njengokudla.

Izici zangaphandle

Inhlanzi ingakhula ize ibe ngu-50 cm e-aquarium. I-Aftertonotus inomzimba wokuvumelanisa kwendiza, ophakeme.Ngasemuva kukhona i-fin engaqondile eyindilinga, ehambisana nengxenye engezansi ihlangana ne-caudal ne-anal fin. Lesi “sakhiwo” sakha uhlelo olubizwa nge- “radar”, olusetshenziswa yinhlanzi njengegesi kagesi elisetshenziswa kancane ukuze lusetshenziswe endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Lo mklamo wonke uvumela futhi ukuthi ujabule ukubuyela emuva naphi ku-aquarium.

Ummese wezinhlanzi ekuqaleni ungaba namahloni, ube mubi. Kepha masisha lapho ivumelanisa naphansi entsha, iza emhlabeni ukuthola ukudla. Abanye bangathatha ukudla ezandleni zomuntu uma bekujwayela. IProtein ateronotus iyinhlanzi e-aquarium enokuthula engaphazamisi omakhelwane bayo. Kodwa-ke, iyazwela imingcele yamanzi. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, kungcono ukuyixazulula ngethangi elivulekile elinomthamo wamalitha angama-350-400. Iminyaka yokuphila iminyaka engu-15.

Imikhuba ummese wezinhlanzi

Kubukeka sengathi ukungabikho kwemali yendawo ephazamisayo kuthinta kabi ukuhamba kwe-apertonotus, kepha lokhu kunjalo neze. Izinhlanzi ziyahamba

• phezulu naphansi
• phambili
• emuva ngaphambili
• jikisa phansi
• hang endaweni eyodwa.

Futhi wenza konke lokhu kunyakaza okuxakayo ngenxa yokubonga okuncane, uma nje enomzimba ocishe ungabhadli!

Incazelo yangaphandle

Ummese omnyama upendiwe ngombala omuhle omnyama ngokufafaza okumhlophe komsila kanye nebala elincane elimhlophe ebusweni. Ukuma komzimba kufana ne-lanceolate, ngenhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yamaphiko. Inhlanzi ayinayo i-dorsal fin, kepha i-anal fin inqamula engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba futhi idlulela kahle ku-caudal fin. Isakhiwo esingajwayelekile somzimba sibuye siqinisekiswe yindawo okuvulwa kuyo ubulili, etholakala cishe emlonyeni. Owesilisa angahlukaniswa kowesifazane nge-yen eyindilinga ngemuva kwekhanda, isisu esicaba nobukhulu obukhulu. Emvelweni, izinhlanzi zingakhula zize zifike kumamitha ayi-1 futhi zibe nesisindo esingama-10 kg, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aquarium ubukhulu bazo abudluli ku-30 ​​cm.

Inhlanzi emnyama ye-Aquarium ihola impilo yasebusuku futhi ihlukaniswa ubumfihlo bokudala insimu kagesi kagesi efinyelela kububanzi obuyi-7 cm. Ukuba khona kwama-receptors kagesi akhethekile kuvumela imimese ukuthola izinto ezincane kunazo zonke endaweni. Ngaphandle komzimba ongashukumi, ummese wezinhlanzi unamandla amakhulu okuhamba ngokushesha nokubuyela emuva, ngokuqondile noma ukulele emhlane.

Ummese waseNdiya upendiwe ngompunga omnyama, unesakhiwo somzimba esiphakeme kanye ne-hump ngemuva. Ezinhlangothini kukhona imigqa yezindawo ezakhiwe umngcele omhlophe ngesimo wamehlo. Lolu hlobo lune-dorsal fin encane, efana ne-bird feather, ngenxa yayo ebizwa nangokuthi "spinopers". Ummese waseNdiya ufinyelela ku-50 cm ekuthunjweni, ufinyelela eminyakeni engu-3 yobudala futhi uphila iminyaka eyi-15.

Isonto nesonto, udinga ukuguqula amanzi ukuze uwahlanze futhi uzinze, futhi uqhubeke nezinga elifanele lokuhlunga. Kungcono ukuthatha isihlungi se-peat futhi usungule i-aeration enamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuvinjelweni kwezifo, ungahlomisa i-aquarium ngesihlungi sangaphandle nge-ultraviolet sterilizer, ngoba ukudla kwamaphrotheni nokungcola emanzini kungangcolisa ukwakheka kwamanzi ngokushesha. Ummese omnyama usengcupheni yesifo ichthyophthyroidism, ekwelashweni kwawo ukuthi amalungiselelo e-zinc akufanele asetshenziswe.

Ummese kaHitala ulungele abasemanzini abanolwazi, izinhlanzi azizijwayeli kalula ezimweni ezintsha, futhi kunzima ukubekezelela izinto zokuhamba nokushintsha kwemingcele yamanzi. Izinhlobo zaseNdiya zidinga umoya osemkhathini, ngakho-ke zibhukuda ngaphezulu kwamanzi ukuze zithathe umoya womuntu ngezikhathi ezithile. Emini, izinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukucasha endaweni yokukhosela, kuthi ebusuku zisebenze futhi zizingele.

Ukondla

Ummese omnyama awunambulelo ekudleni, udla ukudla okuphilayo, ucosha daphnia, gammarus nezinye izidalwa kusuka phansi. Izinhlobo zaseNdiya zivame ukudla ezinhlanzini ezincane, ama-tadpoles angaphansi, izibungu, ama-invertebrates, kwesinye isikhathi inyama yenkomo nenyama. Isisekelo sokondliwa kwabantu abadala ukudla kwamaprotheni, okuyinto, noma kunjalo, esinganikezwa kona nsuku zonke. Izinhlanzi zithanda i-krill eqandisiwe, ama-squid aqandisiwe namaqhubu egazi. Kubalulekile ukususa okuphakelayo okusalayo kusuka ku-aquarium ngendlela efike ngesikhathi.

Imimese yentsha ingafakwa imidlwane, amakhadinali, i-artemia eqandisiwe kanye neminyundu yegazi. Ukukhula kahle kwezinhlanzi nokukhula kwezinhlanzi kufanele kudliwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla.

Ukuzala

E-aquarium, imimese yezinhlanzi ayifane izale, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwendawo yokuqhekeka kwazo. Kuthangi lamathani amabili noma ngaphezulu futhi lapho usetha imingcele efanelekile yamanzi, impumelelo ingatholakala. Umbuso wokushisa kufanele ube ngama-degree angama-25- 26, ubunzima be-6 degrees, i-acidity 6.3. Ukuze uthole ukusatshalaliswa thatha isilinganiso sabantu besilisa kwabesifazane 2: 1. Imicu ye-synthetic noma ama-pistols afanelekile njenge-substrate.

Ummese obonwe ngesikhathi sokuza kwemvelo ushintsha umbala, ube bomvu-lilac, bese kuthi amaphini awo abe nombala oluhlaza okotshani. Izimbambo ezifundile zivame ukubeka amaqanda ezitshalweni ezintantayo, insikazi iphonsa amaqanda afinyelela kuma-500 kuthi owesilisa avikele inzalo ngesonto elizayo. Izibungu ze-Ateronotus zifihla ukukhanya ekukhanyini okuhlukahlukene, i-future fry izodinga nendawo yokukhosela, ngoba inomlingiswa omubi futhi imvamisa iluma imisila yomunye nomunye. Lapho kuvela uFry, owesilisa uyatshalwa futhi ondliwe ezinganeni nge-artemia nauplia ne-zooplankton.

Ukuvumelana

Naphezu kwesimo esinokuthula, ummese wezinhlanzi uhlukaniswa yimikhuba yokuphinga. Uzothatha izinhlanzi ezincane ngokudla okubukhoma, ikakhulukazi ama-characin amancane awalungile. Ukuhambisana okuhle kwemimese nezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezinokuthula, ngaphandle kwama-barbs angalimaza imichilo ye-afteronotus. Ukuhambelana kwe-Optimum kuzoba nge-plecostomus, ibhola le-shark, i-arovana, i-stingray, i-pangasius, i-synodontis, i-pterigoplicht, kanye nama-gouras okuqabula. Izinhlanzi eziningi kakhulu zingadala ukuphazamiseka kwemimese, ngoba zinesimo sokunamahloni.

Ummese omnyama yizinhlanzi ezungeze izwe futhi kungakuhle ukuthi uzigcine zodwa noma unakekele ubuningi bezindawo zokukhosela umuntu ngamunye. Futhi ummese waseNdiya awaboni kahle, unolaka futhi kwesinye isikhathi uhlasela izinhlanzi ezinkulu, ulimaza kakhulu isisulu. Iziduna zommese obonakalayo zivame ukungqubuzana futhi zivame ukufika ezingeni lokuthi owesilisa oyedwa ubulala owesibili. Ubungozi bezinhlanzi yi-ligament yomphimbo.

Ummese wezinhlanzi ubelokhu ukhanga ukunakwa, ubuka ukubukeka kwawo okungajwayelekile nezakhiwo ezihehayo. Le nhlanzi izophila ngenkuthalo e-aquarium isikhathi eside, ijabulise umnikazi wayo, yena, ozomhlinzeka ngamapharamitha azinza wamanzi nokudla okulungile. Ubuhle obuyingqayizivele bezimimese, ingqondo yabo ethuthukisiwe nokukhuthazela kubatholele idumela elihle njengenye yezinhlanzi ezinconywe kakhulu e-aquarium enkulu.

Luhlobo luni lwezinhlanzi

Lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi selinegama laso ngoba linesimo sommese. Bangakhula babe ngamashumi amasentimitha athile. Banomzimba omude ngokulinganayo, futhi kukhona ulayini obukhulu wesisu. Endaweni yomsila eduze kommese omnyama ungabona isitho esikhethekile esingakhiqiza igesi kagesi. Lokhu kumenza akwazi ukuzivikela ezitheni ezahlukahlukene futhi akwazi ukuhamba kahle emanzini anezinkinga.

Bheka Izici

Igama lale nhlanzi lalingenxa yesimo saso esifana necala lommese (uhlangothi olude nolubanzi). Futhi ukuba khona kwenhlawulo ende emnyama kusuka phansi kuqinisa ukufana. Lesi simeleli sezilwane zasemanzini asinawo ama-dorsal kanye nama-ventral fins ejwayelekile, okwenza sihluke kwezinye izinhlanzi zasemanzini. Ngenxa yenhlawulo enkulu ye-anal kusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni namaphenathi amancane amabili, ummese wezinhlanzi ungabhukuda emanzini. Ukuhamba kuyipulasitiki futhi kuthambile.

Indawo yokuhlala ye-ateronotus emhlophe ebheke phambili iyindawo yokugcina amanzi yase-Amazonia enendawo enomusa nezindawo ezinde lapho ungacasha khona. Enye yezici zokubukwa ukuba khona kombono ompofu. Kepha ummese wezinhlanzi uyisidleke, uqondiswe kahle emanzini anodaka. Ngaphandle kwezinkinga zakhe zokubona, ungumzingeli omuhle kakhulu ngokubonga ngensimu ye-electromagnetic ebuthakathaka eyakhela yena.

Leli khono lenza ukuthi sikwazi ukuzingela, ukuvikela, ukuqaphela izinto ezizungeze, ukuxhumana nabanye abamele izinhlobo zazo.

Esimweni sayo semvelo imimese emnyama ngobude ingafinyelela kuhafu wemitha futhi ihlale iminyaka eyi-15. Isici sesibili sezinhlobo ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwesikali. Isikhumba sivelivethi, simnyama. Kunendawo emhlophe ekhanda edlula ibe umucu omncane bese welula uhla lonke kuya emsileni, iphetha ngamasongo amabili mpo wombala omhlophe. Isakhiwo esinjalo esingajwayelekile sivumela inhlanzi ukuba ihambe ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene (ohlangothini, phezulu, phansi, emuva, phambili, phezulu phansi, ilenga endaweni eyodwa).

Ummese obumbeke ngamehlo eNdiya uhlukile kubazukulwane bawo ngombala waso ongaphandle (umbala onsundu-wesiliva), ukuba khona kwesikali esincane kanye ne-miniature dorsal fin. Engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba kunamabala amabala amnyama afana namehlo.

Ukunakekelwa kanjani?

Kakhulu zonke izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezinikezwa ezitolo zezilwane zingabafokazi. I-Knife fish ayihlukile, ngakho-ke, idinga imithetho ethile kokuqukethwe. Kubalulekile ukudala izimo eduze kwasendaweni yemvelo.

• Nikeza ukukhetha kumamachibi amakhulu, abanzi (cishe amalitha nge-150-300). Esihlalweni esinjalo samanzi kuzoba ngcono futhi kube nokuzola ngokwengeziwe. Udinga nesikhala sokukhula nokungavikeleki okuqinile.
• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingama-23- 28 degrees Celsius, ubulukhuni bungama-5-9 dGH, i-pH ingu-6.0-8.0.
• Ummese omnyama uchitha ingxenye enkulu yempilo yakhe ezansi, ecashe ngesembozo. Amatshe amhlophe noma isihlabathi esihle njengehlabathi. Ukuze uthole indawo yokukhosela, khetha i-driftwood, izinqaba ezithengiwe noma emihumeni, izimbiza zobumba eziphukile, amapayipi asobala, ama-grottoes amatshe.
• Ungakhohlwa ngesihlungi sangaphandle nge-ultraviolet sterilizer evimbela ukuvela kwezifo eziningi. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lubucayi kunoma yiluphi ushintsho kumapharamitha wamanzi, ikakhulukazi ithusi, i-zinc kanye nemithamo emikhulu yezidakamizwa.
• Isiporho esimnyama sishiya imikhiqizo eminingi yedoti, ngakho-ke amanzi asemanzini adinga ukushintshwa kanye ngesonto.
• Inhlanzi izokwazisa i-aerator, ukudala umfudlana wamanzi ongenamandla ofakwe ku-aquarium.
• Ukukhanyisa kufanele kuthambe futhi kube mnyama. Amanzi weTurbid angcono kakhulu.
• Khumbula, umoya omnyama uyisisulu sobusuku: iyahamba izingela ebumnyameni.

Yini ukondla?

Yize i-apronotus emhlophe ibushelelezi ezimeni zokulungiswa kwayo, lokhu ngeke kushiwo ngokudla okunempilo - inhlanzi ayifuni ukudla. Angakudla konke ukudla okwomile nokuqandisiwe. Into esemqoka ukuthi ukudla okudliwayo kufanele kwehluke futhi kulinganiswe. Lesi isihluthulelo sentuthuko enhle kanye nempilo enhle yesilwane.

Isisekelo sokudla ukudla kokudla okunamaprotheni: ama-bloodworms, ishubhu, i-artemia, krill, squid noma inyama eshisiwe, izinhlanzi ezincane, izibungu, izibungu, izihlakala zezinhlanzi, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuphathelene nokudla okwomile, ummese omnyama ukukudla kakhulu futhi ngokunqikanqika. Njengomzingeli, ukhetha ukudla okuphilayo. Into esemqoka ukungaphuzi ngokweqile, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nezinkinga ngamathumbu, okungaholela ekufeni kwe-afteronotus.

Izinhlanzi ze-Knife kufanele zondliwe kanye ngosuku, kungaba ekuseni noma kusihlwa lapho ilanga lishonile. Okuhle kunakho konke ebusuku, khona-ke kuyasebenza ngokwengeziwe. Zama ukondla cishe ngasikhathi sinye.

Ngizohlala nobani?

Isimo sommese omnyama sinokuthula impela. Akanakile ukuthi obani omakhelwane bakhe. Kodwa-ke, isimo sakhe sokuzivumelanisa nezimo asivumelani kahle nezakhamuzi eziningi zasemanzini. Ubona izinhlanzi ezincane ezinjengama-guppies, amakhadinali, izinsalela, izinkemba njengokudla futhi angakudla kalula. Esikhulu, esinemibala egqamile okwesabisayo ummese wezinhlanzi ngokunyakaza okusebenzayo ngokweqile.

Isibonelo ukuvumelana ne-ophthalmic astronotus kuyinto zero. Unayo nenhle ngemvelo futhi ingazungeza amaphiko. Kungokufanayo kumabhanabo abangenandaba nokuziphina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izipoki ezimnyama ngokwezigaba musa ukubekezelelana. I-Apteronotus Ihambisana kahle nama-clown, ama-stingrays, ama-angelfish, ama-gouras okuqabula, izinhlanzi ze-discus kanye nezinye izinhlanzi ezifanayo.

Uma ufuna ukuba ngumnikazi wezimbambo ezimbili, ezintathu, bese unakekela i-aquarium enkulu nezinye izindawo zokufihla ikhanda ukuze zingalweli insimu.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngemimese yaseNdiya, ukuhlela ukulwa kwangempela, okuholela ekulimaleni okukhulu noma ekufeni komuntu.

Ungabandakanyeka kanjani ekukhiqizweni kabusha?

Ekhaya, ukuzala imimese emnyama kunzima impela. Le nqubo ichitha isikhathi kakhulu, idinga okuhlangenwe nakho okuthile. Kuyadingeka ukulungiselela ithangi eliqhekekile elinomthamo wamalitha ayi-150-200. Futhi ngiba nabantu abathathu (abesilisa aba-2 nowesifazane oyedwa). Kanjalo, akukho mehluko wangaphandle phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Imvamisa izinsikazi zincane futhi abesilisa banesigaxa esincane samafutha ngemuva kwekhanda.

I-Knife fish iyindawo ehlala ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi isakazeka ngokwemvelo ngesikhathi semvula. Kuyadingeka ukulingisa izimo zemvelo zokusakazwa okusebenzayo. Kuyalulekwa ukudala umswakama omkhulu futhi usethe izinga lokushisa kwamanzi cishe ngama-28 degrees. Ukugqugquzela ukuqhuma, izinga lamanzi e-aquarium liyehliswa, bese lenezelwa izingxenye ezincane ngaphezulu kwamasonto ambalwa.

Nakekela isifundo: kufanele kube ngokulinganayo. Izinsikazi zommese omnyama ziphonsa amaqanda ngaphansi komfula wamanzi, ziwabeke ngqo emhlabathini. Insikazi ingazalela amaqanda angaba ngu-500 ngasikhathi, kepha iningi liyafa. Lapho ukuqhuma kuphela, insikazi kufanele ifakwe esitsheni esehlukile bese kushiywa owesilisa oyedwa, ozobheka amaqanda kuze kubonakale ukuvuthwa. Ngemuva kokubumba kwabo, nabazali nabo bayanqotshwa, uma kungenjalo bayoba ukudla.

Kungakapheli izinsuku ezi-2-2, iqhude lommese wezinhlanzi liqhume. Ukunakekela i-fry akulula. Ukukhanya kumele kusetshenziswe, ngoba ngokuphelele abakabekezeleli ukukhanyiswa okukhanyayo bacashe kuyo yonke imifantu. Kudingeka amanzi ihlanzekile, udinga ukuyiguqula nsuku zonke ngesigamu. Ngezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala, kudla ngo-Fry ku-yolk sac, bese kwethulwa i-zooplankton ekudleni. Izingane zifundiswa ukudla kwabantu abadala kancane kancane. Into esemqoka ukondla kaningi nangezingxenye ezincane.

Uma konke kwenziwa kahle, khona-ke ngenyanga yokuqala i-fry izofinyelela ku-5-7 cm ubude futhi ngeke ihluke kumimese yabantu abadala.

Ukugula nokuthi ukwelashwa kanjani?

Ngokulungiswa nokunakekelwa okufanele, izipoki ezimnyama empeleni aziguli. Ukuphela kokugula okubanqobayo ichthyophthyroidism (isifo esithathelwanayo esidalwa yi-ciliary infusoria). Lokhu kungenxa yokushoda kwesikali emzimbeni. Isibonakaliso esikhulu ukuvela kwamachashazi amhlophe ngesimo se-semolina emzimbeni.

Ukwelashwa, kusetshenziswa umuthi usawoti noma okhethekile ngaphandle kwe-zinc. Isisombululo samanzi kasawoti singezwa emakamu amancane e-aquarium. Ngemuva kokukhohliswa okunjalo okulula, izinhlanzi ziyalulama ngokushesha ngemuva kwesifo. Into esemqoka ukusiza ngesikhathi.

Bona imininingwane ethe xaxa mayelana nezici zale nhlanzi kuvidiyo elandelayo.

Ukubukeka

Ngokubukeka, inhlanzi ihambisana ngokuphelele negama: umzimba ophakeme futhi ocindezelwe kakhulu kamuva omnyama ngempela ufana nommese okwakheke ngawo.

Ukufana kukhuliswa ubukhona bomsizi omude omnyama engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba, osuka kwisisekelo senhloko enkulu uye emsileni. Kungenxa yalezi zinhlawulo, kanye nezinhlanzi ezimbili ezincane ze-pectoral, ummese ohamba emanzini.

Ayinamaphinifa e-dorsal futhi ehlukile ehlukile, ehlukanisa iBlack Knife kunhlanzi eziningi zasemanzini.

Okunye okuphawulekile ukungabikho ngokuphelele kwesikali, njengaku-eel owaziwayo.

Amakhono amangalisayo

Umsila omncane wenhlanzi utholakala kwinqubo ende, ebamba iqhaza elibalulekile empilweni yayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi kule nqubo eduzane ne-caudal fin kukhona isitho esikhipha izifiso zikagesi.

Ngokuyinhloko, umzimba wonke walesi sidalwa esingajwayelekile, ukhuluma ulimi lobuchwepheshe, i-antenna yokwamukela.

Uma i-generator yokukhishwa kukagesi itholakala engxenyeni engemuva, khona-ke amadivaysi owemukelayo afihliwe ekukhuleni okuncane kukaphayini okukhona kuwo wonke umzimba.

Ngenxa yalezi zici, inhlanzi ikhululekile ukuzulazula, ithola ukudla emanzini anezinkinga nasebusuku.

Esifundeni se-caudal kunombhangqwana wemichilo ebonakalayo, futhi ekhaleni kukhona isici esivelele esimhlophe salolu hlobo.

Umehluko phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane

Uma uqala ukubuka, ukwahlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane kuyinkinga. Kodwa-ke, uma ubhekisisa, ungathola ukungafani kocansi: isisu sowesifazane sivele ngaphezulu, futhi ubude bomzimba bungaphansi kobowesilisa. Ubungako obujwayelekile babantu abasebenza e-aquarium buyi-15-20 cm, kepha ngokuqukethwe okuhle, bakhula babe ngama-35 cm.

Habitat

Izinhlelo zemifula ye-Amazon neParana, imifula emikhulu yezwekazi laseNingizimu Melika - lezi yindawo yemvelo yezinhlanzi zasemanzini ezingenamanzi. Lapho, udla izilwane ezincane: inhlanzi, gazinga, izinambuzane zasemanzini, ama-crustaceans, izibungu, njll.

Kubahlali bendawo, lo mzingeli wasebusuku, ofinyelela osayizi bemvelo kuze kube yingxenye yemitha, ubelokhu eyaziwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokugcina.

Ososayensi-bezazi zokufunda bezilifunde kahle emuva ngekhulu le-18, babeka igama lesiLatini "Apteronotus alba" (Apteronotus albifrons). Kwezinye izincwadi nasezitolo zezilwane, kutholakala igama elithi Apteronotus.

Emanzini asezifuyweni, ummese wezinhlanzi (inketho yokuhlobisa) uvele muva nje, ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-80 yekhulu lokugcina, futhi washeshe wazitholela abalandeli bawo ngokubukeka nemikhuba engajwayelekile.

Ekuzingeleni!

Indlela yokuzingela nokondla iyathakazelisa: ummese-inhlanzi unquma ukudla okungaba khona ngokushintshashintsha kwensimu kagesi eyakhiqayo. Izinto ezincane ezidlula (izibungu zezinambuzane, ngokwesibonelo) zishintsha izakhiwo zensimu kagesi ngenxa yokumelana kwazo kwangaphakathi.

U-Afteronotus ubona lezi zinguquko ngomzimba wakhe wonke, enquma ngokunembile imingcele yento nokufaneleka kwayo njengokudla.

Umsebenzi we-Atheronotus uzibonakalisa ebumnyameni nangesikhathi sokudla, futhi sonke leso sikhathi, umzingeli omnyama onamehlo ongaboni ulala emilenzeni ethule yedamu, anikeze izilwane zase-aquarium inkululeko ephelele yokusebenza.

Izici Zokuqukethwe

Indawo ye-Afteronotus ingaphansi noma ungqimba lwamanzi angaphansi. Kulesi simzingeli wasebusuku, akunangqondo ngokuphelele ukuthi yimuphi umhlaba obekwe phansi ngaphansi kwe-aquarium. Enye into ebalulekile: ukutholakala kwezindawo lapho ayengalala khona phakathi nosuku. Kungenzeka

• ukusikwa kwepayipi le-ceramic
• i-driftwood
• amathayi amanzi aminyene,
• emihumeni nasezintweni zamatshe.

Futhi okunye, ummese wezinhlanzi awunakuzithoba ngempela:

• izinga lokuhlunga nokwenziwa kwamanzi lingalinganiswa,
• izinga lokushisa lamanzi kusuka ku-+20 kuya ku- +25 degrees - ejwayelekile kunzinhlanzi eziningi ze-aquarium,
• amapharamitha wobulukhuni ne-acidity ye-aqua nawo awubalulekile kangako,
• kepha ushintsho lwamanzi kufanele lwenziwe isikhathi 1 ngeviki okungenani 1/3 yevolumu ephelele.

Kuyacaca ukuthi ubukhulu bokukhanya kwe-aqua abudlali indima ekhethekile. Ngamafuphi, kungenzeka ukuthi uqukethe ngempumelelo i-afteronotus ku-aquarium evamile.

Ummese omnyama yizinhlanzi ezingena okhokho

I-Ateronotus emhlophe engaphambili (ngesiLatin: i-Apteronotus albifrons) noma, njengoba ibizwa kaningi ibizwa ngokuthi, ummese omnyama, ingenye yezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile angajwayelekile ama-amateurs azigcina ezindaweni zasemanzini. Bayamthanda ngoba muhle, uyaheha ngokuziphatha futhi akajwayelekile ngokweqile. Ekhaya, emahlathini emvula aseAmazon, izizwe zasendaweni zikholelwa ukuthi ummese uyinhlanzi, imimoya yokhokho bahlala emva kokufa, ngakho-ke ibhekwa njengengcwele.

Yize zikhula zikhulu impela, cishe amasentimitha angama-40, zihlala zikanokusho kakhulu. Ngamahloni athile emvelweni, ama-apertonotus aguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi aqala ukuziphatha ngesibindi, kuze kube yilapho esedla ezandleni zawo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wonke ama-apertonotus athengiswayo athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe esuka eSouth America, ikakhulukazi evela eBrazil. Kepha eminyakeni yamuva baye babelwa ngempumelelo ekudingisweni, ikakhulukazi eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, futhi ingcindezi kubantu bemvelo yehle kakhulu.

Ukuphila endalweni

Inhlanzi emnyama yommese yaqala wachazwa uKarl Line ngo-1766. Ihlala eMelika eseMelika, eAmazon nasezithendeni zayo. I-White-apertonotus ibizwa nangokuthi ngommese omnyama, kanti ngesiNgisi iBlack Ghost Knifefish iyinhlanzi emnyama yommese.

Emvelweni, uhlala ezindaweni ezinenkambo emnene futhi enesihlabathi esithe xaxa, ufudukela ezingxenyeni zemango ezingcolile ngesikhathi semvula.

Ummese omnyama ongama-30 cm:

Ukuziphatha kwe-Aquarium

Izinhlanzi ezinokuthula maqondana nezinhlanzi eziphakathi nendawo nezinkulu, ezinhlanzi zazo nama-invertebrates angagwinywa, zithathwa njengokudla. Kodwa-ke, zingaba nolaka maqondana nezinhlanzi zohlobo noma ezinye izinhlobo zamimese; kungcono ukugcina i-apronotus eyodwa emhlophe e-aquarium ngaphandle kwezihlobo.

Inhlanzi enommese omnyama: okuqukethwe, ukuhambisana, ukuzalanisa, ukubuyekezwa kwesithombe-nevidiyo

IGAZI ELIMBALI
I-ateronotus ebheke phambili emhlophe

I-ateronotus emhlophe ebhekiswe phambili (ummese omnyama) - lezi zinhlanzi eminyakeni yamuva nje ziye zathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabasolwa basemanzini. Ngokokuqala ngqa, kwethulwa izinhlanzi futhi kwavela kuma-aquariums ethu ekuqaleni kwama-80s. Wazuza izinhliziyo zabo bobabili ochwepheshe nabaqalayo, ngenxa yobuhle bakhe nokunyakaza okuhle. Futhi-ke, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuyihlanganisa nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi kwenza konke kukhangeke kakhulu ngokugcina ku-aquarium yasekhaya.

Igama lesi Latin: I-Apteronotus albifrons
Isigcawu: Ama-Anthemiformes (Gymnotiformes)
Umndeni: I-Afteronotidae (Apteronotidae)
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 23 - 28 ° C
"Acidity" pH: 6,0 – 7,5°

"Ukuqina" dH: 5 — 15°

Ukudideka: 30%

Ubulukhuni bokuqukethwe: Easy Ukuvumelana: I-Black Knife - I-Afteronotus, inhlanzi ephansi, enokuthula, kepha ngasikhathi sinye.

Bangaki abahlala: ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele ezise-aquarium yasekhaya, u-Afteronotus uphila iminyaka eyi-12. Thola ukuthi zingaki ezinye izinhlanzi ezihlala khona KULESI SIHLOKO!

Inani elincane le-aquarium: kusuka ku-150l., ku-aquarium enjalo ungabeka umuntu oyedwa walolu hlobo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, i-Afteronotus ifinyelela usayizi omuhle, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthenga ngokushesha i-aquarium kusuka kumalitha angama-200-250. Ukuthola ukuthi zingakanani izinhlanzi ezingagcinwa ku-X litre aquarium, niyabo LAPHA

Izidingo zokunakekela nokuqukethwe njengoba usuqonde, kokuqukethwe Ummese omnyama udinga i-aquarium enkulu, enamanzi ahlanzekile, njalo ene-lid, ngoba inhlanzi ingagxuma iphume. Ngokuqondene nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, zidinga ukudala izimo eziseduze nemvelo. Kulokhu, i-aquarium kufanele ifakwe ukuhlunga okuhle, mhlawumbe isihlungi se-peat, i-aeration esebenzayo kanye nokushintshwa kwamanzi kwamasonto onke kuze kufinyelele ku-30-35% wevolumu ye-aquarium. Futhi, izindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene kufanele zibekwe e-aquarium - i-driftwood, grottoes, okungcono ukutshala izitshalo ezakha amathangothi aminyene, ukuze izinhlanzi zicashe phakathi nosuku, ngoba kuholela ngokuyisisekelo indlela yokuphila yasebusuku. Ukukhanya kungakhanya, kuvuleke kakhulu izitshalo, kanye nezinhlanzi ukukhanya kufanele kube buthakathaka, lapho umbono wezinhlanzi uvuselelwa khona, lokhu kudinga izindawo ezinombala kahle lapho ama-Athertonotuses angacasha khona ngokukhanya okukhanya ngesikhathi sasemini.

Ummese wezinhlanzi ze-Aquarium

Kunezimo ezivame ukwenzeka lapho umuntu, esethole ulwazi ngokuzalanisa nokugcina isethi ejwayelekile yezinhlanzi ezihlobisayo, efuna ukuthola umhlali othile ongajwayelekile nge-aquarium yakhe yasekhaya. Ngenhlanhla, ezitolo zezilwane noma emiphakathini yasemanzini ungathenga abameli bezilwane zasemanzini ezingatheni, enye yazo ngommese wezinhlanzi noma, ngokusho kwesigama sesayensi, ummese omnyama.

Igama ngokwalo lizwakala lisongela, noma kunjalo, uhlobo lwommese wezinhlanzi alunakubizwa ngokuthi lunolaka, futhi okuqukethwe kwalo akubeki songo ngqo kwabanye abahlali bendawo yasekhaya. Ngokungezelela enhlanzini nenhlanzi encane, yiqiniso, angakwazi ukukuthatha kalula ukudla. Ngendlela, kulesi simo esithile, indlela yaso yokuziphatha ihlukile kancane kwimikhuba yezinye izinhlanzi zokuhlobisa.

Umnyama we-afteronotus noma ummese wezinhlanzi

Inhlanzi emnyama emnyama (i-Apteronotus albifrons) inhlanzi ethandwa kakhulu yomndeni wakwa-Apteronotidae. Enye yezizathu zalokhu kubhebhetheka okukhulu ukungeniswa kwezinhlanzi, okwathatha amashumishumi eminyaka ukusuka emgodini wemifula yaseNingizimu Melika. Futhi, kusobala, isizathu sesibili sokuthandwa ukubukeka okungavamile. Inhlanzi kulula ukuyihlukanisa kwabanye abamele umndeni wayo ngenxa yomngcele omhlophe, otholakala emsileni womzimba. Kwamanye amazwe ibizwa nge- "Black Ghost Knife Fish", ngoba izizwe zasendle ezihlala emahlathini ase-Amazon zikholelwa ukuthi imiphefumulo yabafi iya emzimbeni wezinhlanzi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-ateronotus emnyama ingeniswe e-Indonesia, lapho ibhujiswa kahle.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inkemba yezinhlanzi zasemanzini?

Lo mmeli womndeni we-afteronot uthole igama langempela ngenxa yesimo somzimba esibonakalayo esifana nommese. Abantu bakhula babe ngama-30-40 cm, abanazikali, banomzimba omude kanye nomugqa obukhali wesisu. Emsileni wommese wezinhlanzi kukhona isitho esikhethekile esikhipha ukushayeka kukagesi okubuthakathaka, lokhu kuyabasiza ukuba bazivikele ezitheni futhi bazulazule emanzini angcolile. Azinayo i-dorsal fin, kepha i-anal fin ithuthukiswe kahle kakhulu futhi isuka ekhanda iye emsileni, ngakho-ke ummese wezinhlanzi e-aquarium uhamba kunoma iyiphi indlela futhi ngejubane elifanayo.

Lezi zinhlanzi zinombala omnyama velvet, umugqa omhlophe welula ngemuva, futhi eduze komsila kukhona imivimbo ephuzi - “umhlanga”. Abesilisa bahluka kubesilisa ngobukhulu obuncane nesisu se-convex; amanye amadoda angaba nesigaxa samafutha ngemuva ekhanda.

Izinhlanzi ze-Aquarium "ezimnyama zommese": ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa

Phakathi kokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwe-aquarium, okunye okuthakazelisa kakhulu izinhlanzi, ezaziwa ngokuthi "ngommese omnyama". Ngokusemthethweni, ubizwa nge-ononus, futhi emazweni akhuluma isiNgisi igama lakhe "yisipoki esimnyama." Ama-Aquarists anesipiliyoni anikela ngokuzithandela amachibi awo engilazi. Kepha abaqalayo, mhlawumbe, badinga ukuthola ulwazi ngaphambi kokuzama ukwenza kanjalo: ummese omnyama yinhlanzi, okuqukethwe okubandakanya ukunakwa okukhethekile namakhono.

Umsoco

Ku-vivo, inhlanzi emnyama yommese idla i-fry yezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi nezibungu zezinambuzane, okungukuthi, iyathokozisa. Ekhaya, kuphekelwa ngokudla okukhona noma okubandayo: umenzi washubhu, umhlume wegazi. Impela, ummese omnyama udla imfishi eshwabeneyo ne-squid. Ukudla okomile, njenganoma yikuphi okunye esikhundleni, akunakwa yinhlanzi kuze kube yilapho ekugcineni ibulawa yindlala. Ngokomthetho, bangajwayela ukudla okunje, kodwa kungasebenzeki. Ukondla kwenziwa kanye ngosuku, ngemuva kokucisha amalambu e-aquarium. Ama-aperonotus ajwayele ukufa ngenxa yokudla ngokweqile, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukubala okujwayelekile kwesilwane sakho bese unikeza okuncane.

Ongavumela omakhelwane

Ngokuyinhloko, ummese umnyama - inhlanzi inokuthula futhi ayinalo ulaka. Ama-skirmishing avela kuphela phakathi kwabesilisa bohlobo oluthile ezingxabanweni zomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, uma unikezwe imvelo yokuphamba, kungcono ukunganamatheli izinhlanzi ezincane ezinjenge-neon nama-guppies kuma-apertonotus: azodla. Kumimese emikhulu yomakhelwane ayinandaba. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukungavumeli izinhlanzi ezihamba kakhulu - isibonelo, amabha - ama-aquarium afanayo nawo. Ama-Athertonotuses anamahloni, futhi ukusuka ekunyakazeni okwedlulele ezungeze angathola ingcindezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omakhelwane abanjalo bangabamba imigqomo emincane yezimimese emnyama.

Ummese wezinhlanzi ze-Aquarium - ubuhlakani bokuphinga!

Manje efulethini ngalinye ungathola izilwane ezahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-aquariums enenhlanzi. Akunabo abantu abanjalo ababengeke bahehe impilo yezakhamuzi zase-aquarium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, konke lokhu kususa kahle izingcindezi nezinkinga. Uma ufisa, kungcono ukuthenga izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezinhlobonhlobo namafomu esitolo. Lesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngenhlanzi emnyama. Ungabona izithombe zezinhlanzi kwi-Intanethi.

Mayelana nayo okokuqala yabhala uKarl Linney ngekhulu le-17. Inhlanzi ihlala e-Amazon futhi, uma uhumusha igama, lisho ukuthi "isipoki esimnyama." Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ummese wezinhlanzi uhlala ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona okuqinile njengamanje kanye naphansi kwesihlabathi. Lapho inkathi yemvula ifika, ifudukela emahlathini. Imvamisa isebenzisa izindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene ezingezansi. Kungakho enamehlo angaboni kahle, ngoba izindawo zokukhosela ezinjalo zivame ukungakhanyi kahle. Le nhlanzi ye-aquarium iyisidleke futhi kufanele icatshangwe lapho zizalela.

Ungazalela kanjani izinhlanzi zommese?

E-afteronotus, ukuthomba kwenzeka ngonyaka nesigamu. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngosizo lokufunda esikoleni. Abesilisa nabesifazane bavame ukubandakanyeka lapha. Inqubo enjalo ingabonakala ngaphansi komfudlana wamanzi ekuseni. Insikazi ikhiqiza amaqanda aphuzi angaphezu kwama-500. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukususa abesilisa bezimimese nezimnyama nabesifazane esitsheni esihlukile. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izibungu zingavela, kuthi ngemuva kwesonto, i-fry iyobhukuda idle.

I-Afteronotus aquarium fish njengoba kushiwo ngenhla ingaphansi futhi ikhombisa inqubomgomo enolaka mayelana nensimu. Kwezinye izinhlanzi ezise-aquarium, akakhombisi intshisekelo. Lezi zinhlanzi ze-aquarium zingafinyelela osayizi aze afike kumasentimitha angama-50, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa ukuthi zigcinwe e-aquarium yamalitha ayi-150. Kufanele kube nomuntu oyedwa onjalo, kepha kungenzeka ukwethula izinhlanzi eziphakathi nendawo lapha. Izinhlanzi zesithombe zingatholakala kuwebhu.

Uma sikhuluma ngokuphila kwalezi zinhlanzi, zingaphila iminyaka eyi-12. Kuphela kunganakekelwa kahle lapho i-apteronotus ingafinyelela usayizi okhangayo ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthenga i-aquarium ngokushesha enkulu. Amanzi akulo kufanele ahlanzeke futhi kufanele ambozwe ngesembozo. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, khona-ke ummese wezinhlanzi ungagxuma uphume. Ngifuna kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuze kugcinwe le nhlanzi kudinga ukudala izimo ezifana nezemvelo.

Habitat

Imvamisa, abamele abasha bale nhlobo batholakala emaqenjini amakhulu emizimbeni yamanzi ngenkambo ezolile, emahlathini amakhulu ama-algae noma ezimpandeni zezihlahla ezikhukhulayo. Abantu asebekhulile bathanda indlela yokuphila eyedwa futhi bachitha izimpilo zabo bezingela, behlasela izisulu zabo abaqhamuka lapho kubalekela. Ngenxa yokuthi ummese wamehlo uhlala emanzini afudumele, amile, le nhlanzi izizwa imnandi futhi ezimeni zokuqukethwe komoya ophefumulwayo.

Inhlanzi enamanzi amnandi i-hitala ornata noma, njengoba ibizwa, ummese waseNdiya, ihlala e-mpumalanga mpumalanga ye-Asia. Muva nje, lolu hlobo luphinde lwabonwa e-United States. Izinhlanzi ngokwazo azikwazanga ukufika kuleli zwekazi nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngoba zingamanzi ahlanzekile futhi azikwazi ukumelana nokuhamba olwandle. Ngokunokwenzeka, indoda ebingazi ukuthi izoyinakekela kanjani inhlanzi ehluphekayo ekhishwa emfuleni, futhi yajwayela futhi yaqala ukunqoba izindawo ezintsha. Yize izinhlanzi zingathobeki, kufanelekile ukunaka izinkinga ezingakhona kanye nama-nuances angavela lapho kuvulwa ummese.

Ungayikhetha kanjani ifindo lezinhlanzi ze-filet. Ummese wezinhlanzi ezisezingeni

Uma uhlela ukulungisa izitsha ezivela enhlanzini entsha, ukusika kwayo kuzoba lula ngokwengeziwe uma unommese okhethekile wefayela. Ukuthola idivaysi efanele yinkinga enkulu yabaqalayo ekuphekeni. Ubuningi bemikhiqizo buyehluka ngezimpawu ezifanayo, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokukhetha indlela efanelekile, kufanele uqonde ngokucophelela umehluko ezimpeni zefayela.

Blade

Ummese wefishi ojwayelekile wezinhlanzi ungaba nebala elinobude obuyi-16, 19, noma amasentimitha angama-21. Lokhu kukhonjelwe ngesidingo sokusika inhlanzi yobukhulu obuthile. Ngemikhiqizo enama-blade amafushane kulula ukucubungula izingxenye ezincanyana zama-loin. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukusika izinhlanzi ezinkulu, ezifana nesalimoni, kudingeka ibanga elide.

Isikhombisi esinqumayo sokukhethwa kwengxenye yokusika ukuguquguquka kwelanga. Induku yefilishi eguquguqukayo kakhulu inezinhlamvu ezacile. Uma unomkhiqizo onjalo, kuzofanele usebenze isikhathi eside lapho uhlukanisa loin nomgogodla.Ngakho-ke, le ndlela ifanele ukuhlukaniswa kwezingxenye ezithambile ngqo lapho ulungiselela inhlanzi ukupheka.

Ngakho-ke, blade yommese omuhle, osebenza ngemisebenzi eminingi kufanele:

1. Yinde, kepha ivumelana nezimo ngokwanele.
2. I-blade kufanele ibe nozwela kakhulu ezenzweni zompheki, uma kungenjalo uma usika, ungangeqa yonke inqwaba yamathambo amancane.
3. Ummese wokusika izinhlanzi ngensimbi engagqwali uyakwazi ukukwazi ukugcina amazinga adingekayo. Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yamandla ayo aphansi, le ndlela ifanelekile kuphela ukusika izihlungi noma ukusika imifino.

Bamba

Njengoba ummese we-fish fillet uvame ukusetshenziswa ngokuqondile ekudobeni, isibambo sawo kumele senziwe kusetshenziswa izinto ezingamelana nomswakama. Inketho enkulu kungaba ukuthenga umkhiqizo ngesibambo esimbozwe ngesikhumba esenziwe ngokhuni esenziwe nge-birch bark noma ngokhuni olunenhlanganisela engenzi amanzi.

Uma udinga ukukhetha ummese wefayela wekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, kulokhu kuyanconywa ukunaka imikhiqizo enokubamba okuvela uphondo. Le nketho ayigcini ngokuqina ngokwedlulele, kodwa futhi inokubukeka kwangempela, okukhangayo.

Ngokuqondene nokwakheka kwesibambo, kufanele kuvezwe lula kakhulu komsebenzisi othile. Ukuthola ifomu elilula kakhulu, kwanele ukuhlola ummese ekusebenzeni.

Njengamanje, imimese yokuhlunga iyadingeka kakhulu, izibambo zazo eziphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kufakwe elinye ibala esikhundleni salokho. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubuyisele masisha ukusebenza komkhiqizo uma kungalimala noma kungaphulwa ibanga.

Kodwa-ke, akunakushiwo ukuthi kufanele wehlise imikhiqizo ngezibambo zokwenziwa. Ngokwemvelo, ummese onjalo wokusika izinhlanzi uzoba umsizi onokwethenjelwa kuphela uma kwenzeka kwenziwa ngumenzi ohlonishwayo.

Izindleko Nabakhiqizi

Akunakushiwo ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ukulungiswa kwezitsha zenhlanzi kuba yinto engenakwenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imimese yesirloin. Uma ufisa, ungaphatha ngokungafanele ngemikhiqizo yasekhishini ejwayelekile.

Induku ye-Fish fillet iyithuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu labapheki abangochwepheshe, abalandeli bangempela bokupheka kanye nesidingo sabadobi abathanda kakhulu. Umsebenzisi ojwayelekile angaqonda kuphela ukuthi imishini enjalo ekhishini idingeka kangakanani.

Njengamanje, ochwepheshe bakhomba abakhiqizi abaningi abahamba phambili bokusika izinhlanzi:

• imimese yeSloloin yezinhlanzi "iRapala" (eFinland),
• imikhiqizo yokusika yomkhiqizo weKasumi (Japan),
• imikhiqizo yenkampani "Opinel" (France).

Kodwa-ke, kukhona abakhiqizi abambalwa abadumile bezimimese zefayela. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yezinkampani ezihlonishwayo uGipfel noVictinoino iyadingeka kakhulu phakathi kwabathengi. Uma sikhuluma ngohla lwamanani, khona-ke ububanzi obukhulu bemikhiqizo obiza u- $ 10 kuya ku- $ 300 buyatholakala kumthengi.

Izeluleko Ezilusizo

Ungayikhetha kanjani induku yezinhlanzi ezifinyeleleka kalula kunazo zonke? Yini ongayikhetha ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zompheki othile? Ukuze wenze lokhu, phinda unake umbono wochwepheshe emkhakheni wokupheka:

1. Okokuqala, amapharamitha elanga lommese we-sirloin kufanele asondele ngangokunokwenzeka ngosayizi wezinhlanzi ezisikiwayo.
2. Abapheki abangochwepheshe abasebenzisa imikhiqizo kaningi ukusika izinhlanzi ngosuku olusebenzayo, kunconywa ukuthi banake isibambo ngendawo enolaka.
3. Indwangu efanelekile yokwenza ummese we-filet ibhekwa njengengamandla aphezulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye insimbi yeDamaseko yensimbi.
4. Ngokombono ogcwele, ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, imimese yokulinganisa ephelele yenziwa amaJapan. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile okokuqala ukucabanga ngezinketho ngokuthengwa kwemikhiqizo enjalo. Ngesabelomali esilinganiselwe, imikhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi baseFinland izoba inketho ezinhle.
5. Ukusetshenziswa kwemimese ekhishini yokusika izinhlanzi kuyahluka ebunzimeni obuthile, ngakho-ke kufanele usebenze nabo ngokucophelela. Kanye nommese we-sirloin, abapheki abangenalwazi kufanele bathenge incwadi yokufundisa.
6. Isengezo esisebenzayo esisebenzisekayo sommese sizoba imfoloko ekhethekile, esikuvumela ukuthi ulungise izinhlanzi zibe sesimweni esifanele ngesikhathi sokusika, ukugwema ukulimala.