Igama lesi Latin: | I-Larus ridibundus |
Isigcawu: | I-Charadriiformes |
Umndeni: | Amagwala |
Ongakukhetha: | Incazelo yezinhlobo zaseYurophu |
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Ingulule eyaziwayo, yezinhlobo ezijwayelekile ezincane kunazo zonke. Encane futhi iyincanyana ku-gull gull, indiza ngokushesha kwamaphiko. Ubude bomzimba 38-44 cm, isisindo esingu-200-300 g, ngamaphiko ama-cm 94-105 cm. Izindatshana ezikoloni elikhulu ezindaweni ezibhukuda.
Incazelo. Ezinyoni ezindala, ehlobo, ikhanda elinsundu elinendandatho emhlophe engaphelele ezungeze iso (“izinkophe” ezimhlophe), uqhwaku nemilenze ibomvu, amaphiko aluhlaza grey phezulu, anezimpaphe ezimhlophe zephiko elingaphandle nephethini emnyama ekugcineni. Lesi sithombe sibamba ngokushesha iso lakho noma kukude futhi siyisibonakaliso esichazayo. Ijuba lasolwandle elivamile, elitholakala eningizimu yeRussia, elinephethini elifanayo ezinsipheni zokuqala. Ezinye izimpaphe ngezansi kwezimpunga ezimnyama. Izembozo zephiko elingaphansi zimhlophe noma zikhanyayo grey. Ekwindla, “isigqoko” esinsundu siyanyamalala, ebusika kusala iqwebu nje elimpunga ngemuva kweso. Ama-young lake gulls anemibala ecishe ifane nalena yezinyoni ezindala ebusika.
Izinyoni eziluhlaza zinendawo encane emnyama ngemuva kweso nebala elimnyama emqheleni oshabalala ebusika bokuqala, emva kwalokho ikhanda liba njengezinyoni ezindala ebusika. Umzimba ophansi ubumhlophe ikakhulukazi, kepha izinyoni ezincane ezisanda kushiya isidleke zivame ukuba ne-plumage tan. Ingubo, intamo kanye nezinhlangothi zesifuba zinsundu. Umugqa onsundu ugijimisana nezimpaphe ezingaphezulu zesembozo sephiko, izimpiko zesibili zephiko zibe nomugqa omnyama opical, oqhubeka njengomugqa omnyama we-apical eduze nezimpaphe zokuqala zephiko. Umugqa omhlophe ugijimisa izimpaphe eziyinhloko zangaphandle, njengakwezinyoni ezindala. Umsila umhlophe ngentambo emnyama emnyama ye-apical. Uqhwaku lupinki, kunesiphelo esimnyama. Imilenze iphuzi noma iphuzi. Izinyoni ezembathweni sokuqala sehlobo zine- "hat" emnyama ephelele noma engaphansi. Kusukela ebusika lesibili, ama-lake gull anezinhlaka zabantu abadala, uqhwaku olubomvu olunemiphetho emnyama nemilenze ebomvu. Uthingo lu nsundu.
I-gull enekhanda elimnyama kulula ukuyihlukanisa kwezinye izidalwa. Phakathi kokukhishwa okutholakala endaweni yeRussia YaseYurophu, ukufaka imibala efanayo kwamaphiko kwenzeka kuphela ejuba lolwandle, elihlukaniswa ngumlomo omude nekhanda elilula, ngisho nasehlobo. I -ullull encane incane ngokusobala, izinyoni ezindala ehlobo zinombala omnyama kunokuba zibe “yisigqoko” esinsundu, kanye nesigaxa esimnyama samaphiko nezimpiko eziyindilinga zamaphiko ngaphandle kwamabala amnyama ekugcineni. Umkhondo omdala onamakhanda amnyama ehlobo nawo unekhanda elimnyama, hhayi elinsundu, izimpiko ezinamaphethelo amhlophe ngaphandle kwephethini elimnyama, uqhwaku lunamandla amancane kunalawo echibi. Amathoyizi Downy anombala ophuzi onsundu ngaphezulu enamabala amnyama, akhanyayo ngaphansi. Uqhwaku lupinki ngomaphethelo omnyama. Imilenze ibomvana.
Izwi. Inyoni enomsindo, ikakhulukazi emakoloni. Ukumemeza okujwayelekile kuyamangaza "kjarrr"Noma into efanayo, imvamisa ephindaphindwe kaningi.
Ukusatshalaliswa, isimo. Ukukhanya okuvame kakhulu nokujwayelekile ezweni lonke lase-Yurobiya, kusuka e-Iceland naseBritish Isles kuya eKamchatka nasePrimorsky Territory yaseRussia. Futhi izidleke eziseGreenland nezindawo ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. E-Russia yase-Europe, izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zohlobo oluvela esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk. ukuya eCaucasus, inqwaba yokubaleka futhi engavamile ebusika. Iningi lezinyoni libuyela ezindaweni zalo zobusika ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Uhla lwasebusika lubandakanya iningi laseYurophu, ugu lwe-Atlantic lwaseNtshonalanga Afrika, ugu lwe-Afrika nolwaseNingizimu Asia oLwandlekazi i-Indian, kanye naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Indlela yokuphila. Izindlovu emakoloni, zivame ukuhlangana namanye ama-gull, umfula, amnyama noma amhlophe tern. Amakoloni, njengomthetho, atholakala eziqhingini nakwezinye izindawo ezingafinyeleleki, ezivame ukuba manzi, futhi afinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziyizinkulungwane eziningana. Ukwakha isidleke, sisebenzisa umfuma womhlanga nezinye izitshalo eziseduze namanzi. Ku-clutch, njengomthetho, ama-ocher ayi-2 noma amaqanda omnqumo, anezindawo ezincane ezinsundu. Imidwebo ivela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya maphakathi noJuni. Abesifazane bafukamela izinsuku ezingama-21-25. Amakati aqala ukundiza ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu.
Ukudla kuhlukile. Idla izinambuzane namanye ama-invertebrates, izinhlanzi ezincane, imbewu namajikijolo, imfucuza yokudla namagundane amancane. Ngokuvamile kubamba izinambuzane ezindizayo.
Ukubonakala kwesiziba sedwala
Ekugcineni, umzimba walezi zinyoni ufinyelela ku-38-44 cm.I-mapppan ehlukahluka kusuka ku-94 kuye ku-105 cm. Isisindo somuntu omdala sihluka kusuka ku-250 kuya ku-350 amagremu.
Ama-lake gulls aba nokungajwayelekile - umucu omnyama utholakala ngemuva kwephiko, futhi umhlophe ngaphambili. Ehlobo, ikhanda ngemuva ingemuva kwekhanda line-brown brown. Imibala emnyama nokukhanya ihluka ngokuqinile. Amehlo azungezwe yindandatho emnyama emhlophe. UBill ubomvu omnyama, omile kancane ngesimo. Kokusebenzayo kukhona indawo egcwele indawo ebomvu egcwele.
I-gull enekhanda elimnyama inekhanda elimnyama elichazwe kahle.
Umbala oyinhloko weplamu mhlophe nge-pink tinge. Umbala oyisisekelo wamaphiko ungwevu. Umbala wamalembe uyefana nowomlomo. Ikhanda liphenduka libe mhlophe ebusika, kunezindawo ezimnyama ezinsundu ezinhlangothini. Intsha ipendiwe ngombala onsundu. Izimpiko zazo zihlotshiswe ngenani elikhulu lamabala ansundu nabomvu. Izinyawo nezindebe ziphuzi emnyama. Kunomugqa onsundu onsundu emsileni.
Lalela izwi le-gull echibini
Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule, ama-lake gulls avame ukutholakala ekugcotshweni komhlaba emadolobheni. Babonwa eduze kwamabhizinisi wokulungisa izinhlanzi. Ukudla kungatholakala emhlabeni, emanzini nasemoyeni. I-gull echibini izikhethele ulwandle nemifula. Izama ukunamathela ogwini futhi ingayi kude. Lezi zinyoni zinomsindo omkhulu. Benza ukukhalaza okuqhekekayo okunokushayisana. Emphakathini wesayensi ubonakala ngokuthi "ukuhleka kwamaqhubu."
Iqhubu elinamakhanda amnyama inyoni engavikeleki.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Lezi zinyoni zivuthwa ngokocansi ziseneminyaka emi-2. I-Lake gulls isidleke emakoloni, inani laso lingaba izinkulungwane ngababili. I-Nesting yenzeka endaweni efanayo, izinyoni ziya lapho ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Lezi zithandani ezinemikhono emibi zenzelwe iminyaka eminingi. Izilokazane zitholakala ezindaweni ezinobisi futhi eziqhingini - ukuvikela izisulu. Kukhona isikhala samahhala esizungeze isidleke, cishe ama-50 cm.
Ukundiza kwechibi kukhanye.
Ukuze kwakhiwe izidleke kusetshenziswe izitshalo zasemanzini. Kuyinqwaba equkethe umoba, umhlanga, umhlanga. I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda ama-2-3. Uma kungazelelwe amaqanda anyamalala noma elahlekile, insikazi yenza ikhwapha lesibili. Amaqanda aqandusela izinsuku ezingama-22- 24, owesilisa nowesilisa bayayenza. Amachwane aminyene ambozwe nge-brown fluff. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi bacishe bangabonakali emvelweni. Ziqala ukundiza zineminyaka engu-1 ubudala. Lezi zinyoni zingamaphiko amade, endle ziphila iminyaka engama-60.
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Indawo
Izilokazana ikakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi amancanyana emakholoni, usayizi wawo ongafinyelela izinkulungwane eziningana zamabili. Imvamisa ihlala eduze namadolobha amakhulu kanye nokulahlwa kokudla. Engutsheni yokuhlobisa, phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zemikhono, ikhanda eli-brown nebala elimhlophe lihlukaniswa. Lokhu kungenye yezimpawu ezivame kakhulu emhlabeni - inani lazo lidlula ngamabili ezigidi ezimbili.
Ububanzi be-Nesting
Ihlala esimweni sezulu esifudumele soLwandle Olumnyama yonke indlela ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga. ENtshonalanga, eNyakatho naseNyakatho Yurophu ngekhulu le-19-20 leminyaka, uhla lukhule kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yentuthuko yezolimo nomkhakha wokudla. Engxenyeni yezwekazi laseYurophu, umngcele oseningizimu yebanga udlula eningizimu yeFrance, isigodi somfula iPo enyakatho ye-Italy, iSerbia, iBulgaria, ugu olusenyakatho yoLwandle Olumnyama, iTranscaucasia kanye nolwandle lweCaspian. Kutholakala endaweni ephakathi ne-Iberian peninsula nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeMedithera. Ukuzala eCorsica, Sardinia naseSicily. Enyakatho yeYurophu, izidleke eziseziqhingini zaseBrithani naseForte, eScandinavia ngasogwini.
E-Russia, inyukela enyakatho iye eKandalaksha Bay oLwandle Olumhlophe, umfula ongenhla. IVychegda esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk, 60 ° C. w. ema-Urals, 67 ° c. w. esitsheni se-Ob, ngo-65 ° C. w. kwiYenisei, 68 ° C. w. esiGodini saseLena, ngo-69 ° C. w. eKolyma naku-61 ° C. w. ogwini loLwandle iBering. Umngcele oseningizimu e-Asia uhamba phakathi kuka-40 ° C. w. esifundeni soLwandle iCaspian, ugu oluseningizimu yoLwandle i-Aral, izigodi zemifula namachibi iSyr Darya, Son-kul, Issyk-Kul, Zaysan, Markakol, Ubsu-Nur, Tuul neBuir-Nur. Kuyatholakala nasempumalanga eKamchatka, ePrimorye, eSakhalin kanye nesifundazwe saseChina Heilongjiang esenyakatho-mpumalanga.
Ekhulwini lama-20, laqala ukuntuleka kude nemingcele yezwekazi: e-Iceland (kusukela ngo-1911), eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeGreenland (kusukela ngo-1969) nangoF. INewfoundland (kusukela ngo-1977) isogwini lwaseNyakatho Melika.
Ukufuduka
Inyoni efudukayo, ngokwengxenye ifuduka, noma ihlala ekhaya. Inani labantu enyakatho yeJanuwari isotherm ye-−2.5 ° C ihamba cishe ngokuphelele. ENtshonalanga naseningizimu Yurophu, bahlala kancane, kanti ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo bafuduka ngokwengxenye. Amaphesenti okufuduka nawo enyuka ukusuka entshonalanga kuye empumalanga. Ubusika buseningizimu nasentshonalanga kweJanuwari isotherm ka-0 ° C - iningi leYurophu, ugu lweLwandle iMedithera, Olumnyama, Olwandle lweCaspian, olwandle lwaseNdiya nolwePacific, kanye neziqhingi zaseJapan. Kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, uhla lwamakhanda asebusika lwabamnyama luye lwanda ngale kwePalearctic - e-Afrika kanye nase-Atlantic kuya eNigeria kanye nasogwini loLwandlekazi i-Indian kuya eKenya naseTanzania, eNyakatho Melika ogwini olusempumalanga ukusuka eNewfoundland kuya eNew York.
Habitat
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, ihlala ikakhulu emanzini angamapulangwe anezindawo zokulala nezihlahla zasendle - amachibi, izikhukhula kanye namachibi, amachibi, amachibi, izingwebu zetafula, lapho zidla khona emanzini angajulile naseziqhingini ezinde. Izidleke ezingaphansi ezivame ogwini lolwandle ezindaweni ezigudle ulwandle, utshani nezindunduma. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, sekuyinto evumayo, ekufuneni okuphakelayo, ukuphatha kahle ukuqashwa komhlaba, izitshalo zokulungisa izinhlanzi, amabhizinisi ezimboni ezikhanyayo kanye nemizimba yamanzi yasemadolobheni. Ezindaweni ezifudukayo nasezindaweni zobusika kutholakala ikakhulu ogwini lolwandle nakuma-deltas emifula emikhulu.
Umsoco
Isisekelo sokondliwa yizilwane ezi-invertebrate - izidalwa zomhlaba, ozibankwa, amabhungane nezibungu zabo, ama-dipterans nezinye izinambuzane. Okuvela ekudleni kwezilwane, futhi kudla izinhlanzi ezincane kanye namagundane anjengemouse, anjenge-vole grey. Imvamisa idla imfucuza yokudla emihlabeni, ezindaweni zokuhlonza izinhlanzi neminye imikhiqizo, nasemadolobheni. Imfologo ikhishwa ivele ebusweni bamanzi, emhlabeni nasemoyeni.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala yolwandle ichibi
Le nyoni idla isidleke, ifuduka, ifuduka kancane futhi ibusika ngamanani amancane. Ubukhulu izinyoni echibini echibini njengejuba elikhulu. Isilinganiso sobude besilisa sifinyelela ku-43 cm, insikazi ihlala incane - 40 cm.
Izimpiko zazo zombili ubulili zifinyelela ku-100 cm ubukhulu. Ukuchazwa kwesiziba selichibi kukhona isici esihlukanisa kuzo zonke ezinye izinyoni - isembatho saso sokuguga. Ikhanda lonke lenyoni lipendiwe ngombala onsundu, kuyilapho iplamu enkulu imhlophe.
Emuva kuphela nangaphezulu kwamaphiko asolwandle kukhona amathunzi grey anezimpaphe ezimnyama zibonakala. Ama-young lake gulls ahlukile kwezinye kubantu abadala ngombala wezimpaphe zawo. Babuswa ngamathoni ampunga, ansundu kanye namabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Uqhwaku lwezinyoni lunombala ocebile we-cherry, umbala ofanayo wama-paws awo. Imiphetho yezinkophe zayo nayo ipendiwe ibomvu. Uma ubheka isithombe sokugcwala kwechibi kanzima ukubamba ukumamatheka kwakho.
Isidalwa esihle esinomaskandi onsundu ebusweni nasekhanda ngokushesha sikhipha uzwela. Indawo yokuhlala kwale nyoni inkulu. Ingatholwa kulo lonke i-Eurasia, ngisho nasezifundeni zayo ezibandayo. Sekuyisikhathi eside ibukelwa ngabantu baseNorway nase-Iceland.
I-Gull enamakhanda amnyama endizeni
Eminyakeni engaba yikhulu edlule, abantu baphetha ngokuthi ama-lake gull ayingozi ezinhlanzini. Baqala ukudubula nokubhubhisa amaqanda. Kusukela lapho, amanani abo aseluleme kancane. Kepha ukuthandwa kwamaqanda abo phakathi kwabantu akunciphi.
Amaqanda aqoqwa ukuze athengiswe, kudliwe. Ngokuvamile kuyisiko ukuqoqa kusuka izidleke lawo maqanda lapho kukhona amabili kuphela. Uma kunamaqanda amaningi, khona-ke asevele ebopha kuleso sidleke. Own nest lake gull yakhela ikakhulu emaceleni namachibi, ezifundeni zazo ezisogwini. Ungahlangana nabo ezindlebeni nasezindlini zikasawoti. Kumbuzo lapho umfula ugcwele ubusika Ayikho impendulo eyodwa.
Njengoba amakhaza esondela, aqala ukuqhubekela phambili ezifweni ezifudumele. Abanye babo bakhetha ulwandle olumnyama kanye nolweCaspian ebusika, abanye bandizela ezifundeni zaseMedithera, e-Asiya, eNhlonhlo yeKola, nasePersian Gulf.
Imvelo nendlela yokuphila yichibi elivulekile
Umucu ophakathi nendawo ugcwala echibini lasekuseni kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Amabili izinyoni zakha ngenkathi indiza. Abanye bayakwazi ukwenza lokhu vele ngesikhathi sokudlela, lapho befika. Amakoloni ama-Nesting anezinhlaka ezahlukahlukene.
Ngokwesilinganiso, indawo encane yabelwa isidleke esisodwa, endaweni engaba amasentimitha angama-35-45 ezungeze isigodlo sezinyoni. Ezindaweni lapho umswakama omkhulu wezidleke zenyoni ukhulu futhi uqinile, afinyelela ekuphakameni okungamasentimitha angama-40. Ngokuvamile, izidleke zamachibi echibi lenziwa ngokungakhathalekile ngezinto ezilukhuni.
Ukukhanya kwechibi labo kuyasebenza usuku lonke. Iziqongo zazo ziwela ekuseni nakusihlwa. Kuwo wonke unyaka, inyoni ihola indlela yokuphila yenhlalo esebenzayo. Endaweni yazo, amakoloni ezinyoni akhetha izindawo ezingenakufinyeleleka. Lapho izidleke zenzeka khona kuhlala kunomsindo omningi nokumemeza okuvela echibini elisogwini. Ukwanda kwamakoloni kwenzeka ngokufika kwezakhamuzi zawo ezintsha.
Kukhona imihlambi yezinyoni ezulazulayo phakathi kuka-Ephreli naso sonke isikhathi esilandelayo ukusuka endaweni ngendawo iyofuna ukudla. I-Ntshonalanga Yurophu iyindawo ecebile kunazo zonke ngalezi zinyoni, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufike ku-100 ngazimbili zanqwabelana lapho kwikholoni elilodwa.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izindondo zamachibi ziye zabonwa kaningi kunendawo yokulahlwa ukudla emadolobheni. Ikakhulu ngokushesha bangathola amabhizinisi okusebenza kwezinhlanzi futhi bazinze eduze kwabo. I-lake gull iyinyoni enomsindo kakhulu futhi enomsindo omkhulu. Imisindo ayenzayo ithandwa kakhulu ngokuthi ukuhleka kwenyoni yasolwandle.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Lake Gull
Ngokuvamile, ukukhulunywa kokuqala komndeni we-gull kwavela ngekhulu le-18. Kuze kube manje, abantu abakwazanga ukuqonda ukuthi igama lale nyoni lixhumene nobani, kepha kunombono nje wokuthi ngandlela thile uhambelana nomsindo owenzayo.
Ngokuqondile, lolu hlobo lokukhanya lwenzeka ngokuvela nokuvela kwama-genomes amasha. Njenganoma yisiphi isilwane, ama-gull kwakufanele azivumelanise nemvelo futhi aqhubeke nomjaho wawo. Yile nto eyaba nomthelela wokubonakala kwenyoni enjengokugoqwa kwechibi.
I-lake gull ngokwayo iyizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomndeni we-gull. Zisatshalaliswa ngokoqobo embulungeni yonke, kodwa iningi lazo liseYurophu. Futhi, le nyoni encane kunazo zonke emndenini wayo omkhulu, okubandakanya izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-40 zemikhaza ehlukahlukene.
Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi i-lake gull iyizinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ezivela kuma-charadriiformes oda, okubandakanya nezinyoni ezinjenge-magpie, i-magpie, i-avdotki, i-snipe nezinye.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Lake Gull
Ichibi lokukhanyanjengoba sishilo inyoni encane enhle. Ubukhulu bayo bungafinyelela ubukhulu bamasentimitha angama-38 kuphela. Izimpiko zezinhlobo zezilwane esizinaka nazo zincane - amasentimitha angama-90 kuphela, futhi isisindo sazo kuleli cala ziyehluka kusuka kuma-200 kuya kwangama-350 amagremu. Uqhwaku lwethotho lesichibi alusona ophuzi, njengasezinhlotsheni eziningi zemikhono, kepha kumnyama maroon.
Phakathi kwezimpawu zokubonakala kokukhazimula kwechibi, umuntu angakhipha iqiniso lokuthi liguqula inani lazo ngokuhambisana nesikhathi sonyaka. Ebusika, ikhanda lakhe lipendiwe mhlophe, kanti ehlobo limnyama nje ehlobo.Ibuye ihlukaniswe kwezinye izinhlobo zomndeni we-gull ngomugqa wayo omhlophe ophelele, otholakala engxenyeni engenhla yephiko ngaphambili. Indlela, umjikelezo wamaphekula wethotho lamachibi uthatha iminyaka emi-2.
Amapheya amachwane ahluke kancane kubantu abadala. Babuswa yimibala ebomvu emaphikweni. Imilenze impunga, ngakho-ke kusukela ohlangothini kubonakala sengathi iphuphu lihlala lihamba emhlabathini ongcolile.
Izwi lezinkanyezi echibini lihle kakhulu. Ososayensi bathi imisindo abayenzayo imvamisa ifana kakhulu namagwababa, kodwa ibukhali, ngakho-ke futhi angafana nokuhleka ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ihlala kuphi ichibi ledwala?
Photo: Lake Gull
Ama-gulls echibi ahlala ikakhulu endaweni enesimo sezulu esishisayo, kepha futhi afaka izindawo ezisendaweni engezansi nezindawo ezishisayo ezisendaweni enyakatho.
Ngokuyisisekelo, izidleke zamachibi echibini zitholakala ogwini lolwandle, ikakhulukazi uLwandle Olumnyama. Lolu hlobo lokukhanya lungatholakala emazweni ahlukahlukene:
Ezweni lakithi, kungabonakala ogwini loLwandle Olumhlophe, olwandle iBering, eduze ne-Arkhangelsk kanye nasesigodini semifula ehlukahlukene, njengeLena, Ob, Yenisei nezinye.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Imvamisa, amachibi echibi andizela endle emhlambini omncane, ahamba njengonxantathu.
Muva nje, i-lake gull isiqalile ukuzijwayela ngokuphila eduze komuntu. Abanye abantu baqala ukwakha izidleke zabo eduze nemizana emincane. Lezi yizinyathelo eziphoqelekile zokudonselwa echibini, ngoba ngale ndlela bazama ukuthola ukudla okuningi kunokuba ugu lolwandle lungabanikeza.
Yini edla ukugoba kwechibi?
Photo: Lake Gull
Umsoco we-lake gull uhluke kakhulu, kepha okokuqala kuncike kakhulu endaweni lapho isidleke sezinyoni sikhona. Uma isidleke sitholakala eduze nolwandle, lapho-ke ukudliwa kwale nyoni kuvame ukuqukethe izilwane ezi-invertebrate (Earthworms, dragonflies, mabhungane, izibungu nezinye). Futhi, ngezikhathi ezithile, isikhuhla sedwala asinandaba nokudla izinhlanzi ezincane namagundane amancane, njenge-vole yasensimini.
Esimweni esisicubungule engxenyeni edlule, lapho izinyoni zihlala khona lapho kuhlala khona abantu, zivame ukudla imfucumfucu ekuchithekeni komhlaba, nasemabhizinisini ezimboni akhanyayo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Lake Gull
Ichibi lokukhanya ayinayo indlela eyodwa yokuphila. Izinhlobo ziyafuduka futhi zizinzile. Entshonalanga naseningizimu yeYurophu, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane azifuduki kungakhathalekile amazinga okushisa. Kodwa-ke, lo mthetho awusebenzi ezifundeni eziphakathi, ngoba kuzo izinyoni ngemuva kwama-degree angu-0 Celsius ziqala ukundiza eduze komngcele wolwandle oluningi:
Kusukela ngabo-1900s, imihlambi yamachibi echibi nayo yaqala ukuvela ogwini loLwandlekazi i-Atlantic, kanye nase-Afrika.
Iqiniso elihehayo: I-lake gull empeleni inamandla okujwayela kalula kunoma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala, ngakho-ke isikhathi sasebusika asikho neze esibi kubo.
Ama-lake gulls asebenza kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa. Usuku lonke, bangaqeda ukwakha izidleke zabo futhi bafuna ukudla. Njengesindawo sezidleke zazo, lezi zinyoni zivame ukukhetha izindawo ezingenakufinyeleleka. Ngakho-ke bazama ukuzivikela bona namachwane abo ezingozini ezahlukahlukene zangaphandle. Izindawo zokubona ubuhle zingakhonjwa kalula yizimpawu zokukhala kwe-lake gulls.
Ama-lake gulls asetshenziselwa ukwakha izidleke zazo ikakhulukazi ngezinto ezinzima. Ukuze uthole isidleke, inyoni imvamisa idinga indawo encane, kepha le ndawo kufanele itholakale ngokwesilinganiso ngamamitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-40. Ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophakeme kakhulu wokwakha isidleke, ama-lake gulls ngokuvamile abekela indawo encane ukuze angabi manzi futhi angawa.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Lake Gull
Izikhala azihambi ngesikhathi sokuzalela, zincamela ukuhlala endaweni. Ukushintshwa kwayo kwenzeka kuphela uma kunezimo eziphikisayo. Izinyoni zikulungele ukuzalaniswa ngeminyaka engu-1-4 yokuphila, futhi abesilisa bavuthwa kamuva kunabesifazane. Ama-gulls echibi ayizinto ezishintshashintshayo, yize ekwazi ukushintsha abalingani abaningi kuze kube yilapho kwakheka owokugcina. Baqala ukudlekwa entwasahlobo, lapho isimo sezulu sifudumala, ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kwabazingeli.
Isiko lomshado limi ngokulandelayo. Iduna elinamakhanda linwebisela ikhanda lakhe endaweni evulekile, bese liqonda ngqo bese lijikisa. Ngakho-ke uzwakalisa ukubingelela kwakhe kumngane wakhe olandelayo. Owesifazane naye uphendula owesilisa ngokuhlokoma okungafani nokukhanda kwekhanda lakhe, kube sengathi ucela ukudla. Izinyoni zakha izidleke cishe ngemitha ngokwehlukana, noma ngamashumi amamitha. Umndeni ngamunye uqapha insimu yawo endaweni engaba ngu-32- 47cm.
Amaqanda anombala ohlukahlukene ohlukile, ngokwesibonelo, onsundu omnyama, umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsundu omdaka, onsundu ngombala. Amanye amaqanda anephethini lawo, kodwa futhi angaba ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwawo. Imvamisa i-clutch eyodwa amaqanda ama-3, ngaphansi kwezingcezu ezi-1-2. Uma belahlekile, bayabambezeleka futhi. Bobabili owesilisa nowesifazane bayabandakanyeka kule nqubo.
Amachwane ambozwe phansi, awahlanganise nemvelo, abe-brown buffy namabala amabala amnyama. Izingane ziqala ukundiza ngezinsuku ezingama-25-30. Yidla ukudla okuvela uqhwaku lwabazali noma ugobe abazali balahle, ngibhala ngokuqondile esidlekeni.
Izitha zemvelo zechibi ziyaqaqeka
Photo: Lake Gull
Zimbalwa izitha zemvelo echibini elisogwini, ngoba zona ngokwazo ziyizinyoni ezinkulu futhi ezinolaka.
Uma isidleke samachibi echibi siseduze nendawo yehlathi, khona-ke impungushe ejwayelekile ingaba isitha sayo. Icekela phansi isidleke, futhi futhi ingazilimaza izinyoni ngokwazo uma izilwane ezincelisayo zizithola ngesikhathi sokuphumula.
Iqiniso ngukuthi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemikhaza, iqiniso liyisici sokuthi zibanga ukulimala kakhulu komunye nomunye. Le nhlobo yayivame ukubonwa ngabaphenyi ngesikhathi kulwelwa ukudla. Kwezinye izikhathi, kuze kufike kokucekela phansi izidleke zezihlobo zabo.
Abantu bangabizwa futhi ngokuthi yizitha zemvelo zama-gulls echibi. Kwesinye isikhathi baba yizisulu ngenxa yendlela yabo yokuphila enokhahlo. Izinyoni zivame ukundiza emabhizinisini okusebenza kwezinhlanzi ngethemba lokuthi zizontshontsha okungenani inyamazane encane yazo nam amaphuphu azo.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Lake Gull
Inani labantu abaphethwe ngamakhanda amnyama liyakhula minyaka yonke. Okwamanje, sekudlule izinhlobo ezi-2 million. Kancane kancane, le nhlobo iqala ukuthuthukisa izindawo ezinkudlwana zokufuduka nokuzala.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Amanye amadada akhetha ukuqala umndeni endaweni efanayo nama-seagulls. Lokhu kuhlangana kunikeza amathuba amaningi izindunduma zamadada namadada ngokwawo ukuba aphile, ngakho-ke, singasho ukuthi inani labantu abancane kakhulu "livikela" inani lamadada.
I-lake gull inomsakazo omkhulu wokunwebeka. Ngenxa yalesi sici, basiza abantu ukuqeda izinambuzane kwezolimo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lolu hlobo luphinde lwadlala indima yokuhleleka. Izinyoni zasolwandle zithola ukudla okusele emapulazini oboya.
Naphezu komthelela omkhulu omuhle we-lake gull, unomthelela omubi ekudobeni, yize abaningi bethi lo monakalo weqiswa kakhulu.
Ukufingqa ukucabanga kwethu, okokuqala, ngifuna ukusho lokho ichibi gull inyoni enhle kakhulu. Naphezu kwempilo yethu enolaka, thina bantu kufanele sizame ukuqaphela izilwane ezisizungezile. Ngokuhlalisana okuphumelelayo kwezinhlobo zezilwane, izindawo ezikhethekile ezithunjiwe zingakhonjwa lapho izinyoni zingakuthola khona ukudla futhi zizale ngaphandle kokuhlanzelwa imvelo ngabantu. Kumele sithole izindlela zokuxazulula ngokuthula ukungezwani nezilwane.