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Inhlanzi ye-Moray eel Ungowomndeni wama-eels futhi waziwa kabanzi ngokubonakala kwawo okungajwayelekile kanye nokuziphatha okunolaka. Ngisho namaRoma asendulo ayebopha lezi zinhlanzi emigqonyeni nasemigodini ebiyelwe.

Ngesizathu sokuthi inyama yabo yathathwa njengeyidlakudlakudla engenakulinganiswa, futhi umbusi uNero, odume ngobuzwe bakhe, wayethanda ukujabulisa abangane ngokujikijela izigqila echibini ukuze liwele. Eqinisweni, lezi zidalwa zinamahloni kunalokho zihlasela umuntu kuphela uma edukiswa noma elinyazwa.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala

Inhlanzi ye-Moray eel isisulu esinezici eziningi ezifana nezinyoka. Isibonelo, umzimba wenyoka onamandla awuvumeli nje ukuthi ahambe kalula emanzini, kepha futhi acashe emiseleni emincane nasemifantwini yamatshe. Ukubukeka kwabo kuyesabeka impela futhi akumnandi: umlomo omkhulu namehlo amancane, umzimba uthambile kancane ezinhlangothini.

Uma ubheka isithombe Moray, kungaqapheleka ukuthi azinamaphiko we-pectoral, kuyilapho amachaphaza e-caudal ne-dorsal enza umhlambi owodwa oqhubekayo.

Amazinyo abukhali futhi amade, ngakho-ke umlomo wezinhlanzi ucishe ungavali. Umbono enhlanzini ukhuliswa kabi, futhi ubala izisulu zawo ngephunga, okukuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuba khona kwenyamazana kude.

I-Moray eel ayinazikali, futhi umbala wayo ungahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Iningi labantu linombala we-motley ngokuba khona kwama-brown and brown-brown hues, kodwa-ke kukhona izinhlanzi ezimhlophe ngokuphelele.

Ngenxa yobucwayi bemibala yayo, ama-eels angama-moray angahlungwa ngokuphelele, angahlanganisi nemvelo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Isikhumba se-moray eels simbozwe ngokulinganayo ngesendlalelo esikhethekile sama-mucus, esinezinto ezingama-bactericidal kanye ne-antiparasite.

Bheka nje ividiyo ye-moray fish ukuze uthole umbono wobukhulu bawo obuhlaba umxhwele: ubude bomzimba we-moray eel busuka kumasentimitha angama-65 kuye kwangama-380 ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, nesisindo sabamele abathile kungadlula kakhulu uphawu lwamakhilogremu angama-40.

Ingaphambili lenhlanzi likhulu kunasemuva. Ama-Moray eels ngokuvamile anesisindo nobukhulu obukhulu kunabesilisa.

Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zama-eel moray. Zitholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo emigodini yezilwandle zaseNdiya, Atlantic nasePacific ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo.

Zihlala ikakhulu ekujuleni okukhulu kuze kube ngamamitha ayi-50. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-moray eel, zingawela ekujuleni kwamamitha ayikhulu namashumi amahlanu futhi ziphansi impela.

Ngokuvamile, ukubukeka kwalaba bantu kuyinto eyingqayizivele kangangokuba kunzima ukuthola omunye inhlanzi ye-moray eel. Kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuthi ama-ery Moray izinhlanzi ezinobuthi, empeleni ezingekho kude neqiniso.

Ukulunywa yi-Moray eel kubuhlungu kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlanzi ibambelela amazinyo ayo ngokuqinile kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuyithukulula. Imiphumela yokuluma ayimnandi neze, ngoba ama-eay Moray aqukethe izinto ezinobuthi ze-mucus.

Yingakho isilonda sipholisa isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi sibangela ukungaphatheki kahle, kukhona ngisho nezimo lapho ukulunywa yi-eel kubangele umphumela obulalayo.

Isimilo nendlela yokuphila

Inhlanzi iholela ikakhulukazi empilweni yasesikhathini. Emini, uvame ukucasha phakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali, emifantwini yamadwala noma phakathi kwamatshe, kuthi lapho kuqala ubusuku aqale ukuzingela.

Iningi labantu likhetha ukujula kwamamitha angama-40 ukuziphilisa, lichitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini angajulile. Ekhuluma ngokuchazwa kwama-moray eels, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele iqiniso lokuthi lezi zinhlanzi azihlali ezikoleni, zithanda indlela yokuphila eyedwa.

Ama-Moray eels namuhla abeka ingozi enkulu enkulu yabaphambukeli nabathandi bokudubula imikhonto. Imvamisa lezi zinhlanzi, yize zingabazingeli, azihluphi ngezinto ezinkulu, noma kunjalo, uma umuntu ngephutha noma ngamabomu ephazamisa i-moray eel, izolwa nolaka olukhulu nokufutheka.

Ukubambeka kwezinhlanzi kunamandla kakhulu, ngoba kunamakhasi angeziwe wokudla okulukhuni, abaningi bekuqhathanisa nokubamba kwensimbi kwe-bulldog.

Ama-Moray eels

Isisekelo sokudla kwama-moray eels izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene, i-cuttlefish, ama-urchins olwandle, ama-octopus kanye nemifantu. Emini, ama-eay Moray acasha phakathi kwezindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene kusuka kumakhorali namatshe, kuyilapho enamakhono amahle kakhulu okufihla.

Ebusuku, izinhlanzi ziya ekuzingeleni, futhi zigxile embonweni wazo omuhle wephunga, zizingela inyamazane. Izici zokuhleleka komzimba zivumela ama-eel moray ukuba aphishekele inyamazane yawo.

Kuleso simo, uma ohlukunyeziwe emkhulu kakhulu ukuba angakwazi ukukuthola, uqala ukuzisiza kakhulu ngomsila wakhe. Inhlanzi yenza uhlobo “lefindo”, okuthi, ukudlula kulo lonke umzimba kudale ingcindezi eningi emisipha yemihlathi, ifinyelela kuthoni elilodwa. Ngenxa yalokho, i-moray eel iluma i-chunk ebalulekile yesisulu sayo, okungenani yanelise umuzwa wokulamba.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ukusakazeka kwama-moray eels kwenzeka ngokuphonsa amaqanda. Ngenkathi ebandayo, aqoqana emanzini angajulile, lapho inqubo yokuvuselelwa kwamaqanda yenzeka ngqo.

Amaqanda ezinhlanzi eza emhlabeni anosayizi omncane (hhayi ngaphezu kwamamilimitha ayishumi), ngakho okwamanje kungawathwala ebangeni elikhudlwana, ngaleyo ndlela abantu abavela “kubodwa” basakazeke baye ezindlini ezihlukile.

Isibungu sezinhlanzi ezi-moray, esizalwa ngaso, sibizwa nge- "leptocephalus". Ama-Moray eels afinyelela ebusheni eneminyaka emine kuya kwayisithupha, kuthi emva kwalokho umuntu akwazi ukuzala eminye.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwama-moray eels endaweni yemvelo cishe siyiminyaka eyishumi. E-aquarium, imvamisa ahlala iminyaka engaphansi kwemibili, lapho ebondla kakhulu ngenhlanzi nangeshungane. Abantu abadala banikezwa ukudla cishe kanye ngesonto, ama-eel young moray ayondliwa, ngokulandelana, kathathu ngesonto.

Incazelo ye-moray eel fish enesithombe

Umzimba ophakeme, inhloko enkulu enesipikili esiphakeme, ngazimbili zamakhalenda namehlo amancane. Babukeka beqhwa (empeleni, bavele babone kabi - bahlukanisa phakathi kokunyakaza, baqaphela umehluko phakathi kokukhanya nesithunzi, kepha ukujwayeza ukuqhutshwa kusetshenziswa umuzwa wokuhogela nokunambitha ama-buds asendaweni yonke yomzimba).

Umlomo obanzi onama-fical odonsa I-Moray eel ivame ukulindelwa kakhulu endaweni yokuqamekele ngomlomo wayo i-ajar - ukuthola amanzi nokuphuma (akukho gits gill). Isakhiwo esithandekayo somlomo: ekujuleni kokujwayelekile, ngaphandle kolimi, kwesibili kufihliwe - inguqulo mini ye-pharyngeal, iqhubekela phambili ibambe inyamazane. Kuvela ukubanjwa kwemihlathi emine, eqinile, njengenja elwayo, futhi le mihlathi iyakwazi ukukhipha ucezwana olunamandla lokuphanga.

Iqiniso Naphezu kokuba nolaka kwabo, lezi zidalwa ziyakwazi ukuhlala emhlabeni “nabasizi”: abahlanza abajabulayo kanye nokulandelana kwama-shrimp (bahlala ngobuso obubi futhi bazihlanze ngobunono izimuncagazi kanye nemfucumfucu yokudla). Kwesinye isikhathi basebenzisana nama-perch groupers futhi bazingele ndawonye phakathi kwamakhorali.

Inyoka noma inhlanzi

I-Moray eel yinhlanzi eyakhiwe njengenyoka. Izimpawu ezifanayo:

umzimba omude omncane
ukungabikho kwamaphiko we-ventral futhi kwesinye isikhathi a-pectoral, ngenkathi amachaphaza amachashaza ne-caudal ehlangana nomzimba kangangokuba acishe angaqondakali,
ukuntuleka kokumboza kwama-gill,
ikhanda lekhanda
indlela yokubhukuda, ukugoqa amagagasi kuwo wonke umzimba (lokhu kusungulwa isakhiwo samathambo).

Kuphi

Uhlala kuphi moray eel? Kuwo wonke amawa afudumele namatshe afudumele olwandle lwe-Atlantic nolwePacific. Indlela yokuphila ibonakala ngamagama amathathu:

Ukuhlanzeka emadwaleni angaphansi kwamanzi, iziqu zamakhorali, izihlahla zem mangange kuyizindawo ezithandwa kakhulu ngabazingeli abaphansi. Bahlala lapho baqamekele, nosizi lwezidalwa eziphilayo, babhukuda lapho kuhlala khona umlozi! Ukudla baya:

izinhlanzi ezigwinyiwe
i-cuttlefish kanye ne-octopus - zidwengulwa zaba izicucu. Uma ucezwana olubanjwe emhlathini ngenkani lungaphumi, umsila ungena udlale: lubambelela kusekela eliseduze (imvamisa itshe), umzimba uphenduka ifindo lezicubu zomzimba eziqinile, ukungezwani kwehlela ekhanda - futhi ngenxa yalokho, ingcindezi yemihlathi inyuka kaningi,
imifantu, ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans.

Iqiniso Ngokusho kwe-ichthyology, umuntu ngamunye unamalungu omzimba owesilisa nowesifazane. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa nokuba khona komuntu yedwa. Kepha “kuyadingeka amabili othandweni”: owesilisa nowesifazane bayadingeka ukuze bazalwe kabusha! Ubani wabo namuhla - okusobala ukuthi anqume ngolimi lwabo ...

Unobuthi noma cha

Isikhathi eside bekukholelwa ukuthi ama-ery moray anobuthi futhi ayingozi kubantu, hhayi ngoba umlomo we-toothy. Ngokumangazayo, isikhumba simbozwe nge-mucus enobuthi (abukho ubufakazi besayensi kulokhu), futhi amazinyo, njengenyoka, athwalela ubuthi emanxebeni (kepha akukho zinduna ezikhiqiza wona). Ukulunywa kugqemekile, kubuhlungu kakhulu futhi kuyapholisa isikhathi eside ngoba amathe asuka emlonyeni angena kuwo, lapho imfucumfucu yokudla ibambeka ngakho-ke, amagciwane e-pathogenic anda ngokugcwele. Kukhona ubungozi bokuthi ubuthi benyama babantu abadla izilwane ezinobungozi ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Uhlobo lunezinhlobo eziyi-10 zama-eel morel:

Lezi zidalwa zihlukahlukene kakhulu. Umbala, ikakhulukazi obukekayo, umbala wangaphansi, umabula, unamabala, anemibala, nsundu, nsundu, nsundu, ucishe waba mhlophe. Bahlukene ngosayizi - omkhulu, ophakathi, omncane.

Izihlobo eziseduzane ezivela emndenini owodwa zingama-hymnothoraxes. Futhi kuhluka kusuka kokuncane kuya kokuphakeme. Ibanga le-gimnatorrax emnyama enamachaphaza yi-Indo-Pacific, idla izinhlanzi ezincane kanye nama-crustaceans. IBlack-dot ayikhuli ngaphezu kuka-80 cm. Futhi umakhelwane wayo osendaweni yaseJavanese ufinyelela amamitha amathathu ubude futhi uyakwazi ukukhuphuka umhlanga noma umhluzi wegwababa, futhi kungcono kwabaphambuki bangangeni ngendlela yabo.

Ngenxa yokushwabadelwa kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, eziqubuka zibhukuda eduzane, iJavanese hymnothorax iqongelela into enobuthi ezicutshini - i-siugatoxin, ebangela isifo se-ciguater (ubuthi obunamandla ngokuhlanza, uhudo, ukubindeka kwezindebe nolimi, ukushintshanisa ukushisa nokushisa). Kepha akukho okusongela inani lalaba bashokobezi, azikho izitha zemvelo, futhi abantu abazibambi - ubani ofuna ukugula?

Amanzi ahlanzekile

I-moray eel enamanzi amnandi, noma i-Gymnothorax tile, ibizwa kuphela kanjalo - empeleni, ingumhlali wasolwandle. Encane - cishe ama-60 cm. Izici zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuvumelana nezimo okuphezulu kumvumela ukuba aphile emanzini amasha isikhathi eside. Ichibi lingaba musha kuze kube ngu-5 ppm. Uzizwa emkhulu emanzini anosawoti. Izindawo ezifanelekile yizo zombili izigodi zemilambo (imifula enwetshiwe eya olwandle) kanye namanzi asogwini e-Indonesia, Philippines nase India.

Igolide (liphuzi)

Igolide linamanye amagama: igolide-elinomsila, i-canary ephuzi ngisho ne-eel bastard (i-bastard eel). Ngokusho kokuzibonela, kubukeka njengebhanana elintantayo, futhi izithombe zikuqinisekisa lokhu. Imvamisa isikhumba se "banana" sihlotshiswe ngezindawo ezimnyama, kanti umlomo wakhe simhlophe, okubuye kuqinise ukufana. Le elincane le-moray eel - usayizi ukusuka ku-5 kuye ku-40 cm, kwezinye izikhathi likhula liye kuma-70 kuphela. Lihlala entshonalanga ne-Atlantic - lisuka eFlorida naseBermuda liye eningizimu mpumalanga yeBrazil. Kuyatholakala naseziqhingini zeCape Verde, ngasogwini lwase-Afrika.

Mnyama

Isazi semvelo saseBrithani uMark Catesby, umbhali we-The Natural History yaseCalifornia, eFlorida naseBahamas, uchaze uhlobo lwe-moray eel - maculata nigra. Yena uqobo waklabha wanamathela emabhodini imifanekiso yezilwane nezitshalo.Kukhona umdwebo futhi uqoshwe embhalweni wokuqala (wango-1750) - inhlanzi emnyama ilele phansi, iphumule ngaphansi kothi lwamakhorali onesikhumba futhi igoqa umsila wayo ngakuyo.

IMedithera

IMedical moray eel (helena) iyona efundwa kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba obukhulu buyi-1.5 m. Akuyona into yokudotshwa kwabantu abaningi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ibanjwa ngawodwana - njengezokuzijabulisa kwezemidlalo noma zenyama, kubhagi noma ngokusebenzisa izicupho.

Ugesi

Futhi lesi sidalwa singanekwane. Inganekwane yavela ngenxa yokufana okufanayo ne-eel. Izinduna zikagesi zikhona - ososayensi basanda kuhlaziya imininingwane kuso futhi bakhomba izinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene (kwakuyinto eyodwa ukuthi, yi-Electrophorus Electricus).

Ukuchazwa kwama-eel moray

Amehlo amancane, umlomo ovulekile njalo, amazinyo abukhali, isigaxa senyoka ngaphandle kwesikali - lokhu kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokudla okuvela emndenini we-moray eel, kufakwe kuhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezikhazimulayo. Ama-Moray eels akancani: abameleli bezinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke bakhula babe ngamamitha angama-0.6 ngesisindo esingu-8-10 kg., Ngenkathi ama-eel amakhulu ase-moray eseqedile kufika kumamitha amane anesisindo esingama-40 kg.

Ukubukeka

Bambalwa kakhulu abantu abakwazile ukubona i-moray eel ikhula ngokugcwele, ngoba ntambama icishe ingene ngokuphelele emadwaleni, ishiye ikhanda layo kuphela ngaphandle. Kubukeka sengathi kuyinqaba kubabukeli ukuthi i-moray eel ifakwe kabi: lo mbono wenziwa ngenxa yokubukeka okunobuqili nomlomo ovulekile njalo onamazinyo amakhulu abukhali.

Eqinisweni, ubuso be-moray eel abumeleli ubumbano obukhulu njengokwemvelo yomphangi womuntu oqashile - ngokulindela inyamazane, imindondo ye-moray icishe iqhume, kepha ingavali umlomo.

Kuyathakazelisa. Kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi ama-ery moray angakwazi ukubamba umlomo wawo, njengoba amazinyo amakhulu ephazamisa lokhu. Eqinisweni, ngale ndlela inhlanzi ithola umoya-mpilo oyidingayo, idlula amanzi ngomlomo wayo futhi ipompa ezigilini.

Ama-eles Moray awanawo amazinyo amaningi (23- 28), akha umugqa owodwa futhi emuva kwejika kancane. Lezo zinhlobo ezidla ama-crustaceans zihlome ngamazinyo abukhali, zenzelwe amagobolondo okuchoboza.

Ama-Moray eels awanayo ulimikepha imvelo inxephezela le phutha ngokubanika ngababili bezikhala zamanzi ezinjengamashubhu amancane. Amakhala omsundu (njengenye inhlanzi) adingekayo hhayi ukuphefumula, kodwa ukuhogela. Umuzwa omuhle kakhulu wephunga lama-moray eels ngokwezinga elithile uvumelana namathuba wezinto zalo ezibonakalayo ezibuthakathaka.

Othile uqhathanisa ama-eay ama-moray nezinyoka, umuntu onezinsini ezinhle kakhulu: lonke iphutha ngumzimba owelulwa ngokungenasici futhi uthambile kusuka ezinhlangothini. Ukufana kwe-leech kuvela emsileni omncane, kuqhathaniswa nesiqobelelo esinyakazayo nangaphambi kwendlu.

Ama-Moray eels awunawo ama-pectoral fins, kepha inhlawulo yedorali inwebeka kuwo wonke umgodi. Isikhumba esibuthakathaka singenasikali futhi sidwetshwe ngemibala engabonakali, siphinda isimo esizungezile.

Imithunzi namaphethini athandwa kakhulu ama-moray eels:

mnyama
mpunga
nsundu
mhlophe
iphethini enezinhloso ezinhle (amachashaza we-polka, "imabula", imivimbo kanye nezindawo ezinjenge-asymmetric).

Njengoba i-moray eel ekuqamekelweni ingawuvali umlomo wayo omangalisayo, ingaphakathi lamuva kufanele lihambisane nombala womzimba, ukuze kungaphazamisi ukufihla konke.

Izinhlobo zama-eles moray

Kuze kube manje, imithombo ehlukahlukene ibeka idatha ephikisanayo ngezinhlobo zama-eel morel. Isibalo esivezwe kaningi singama-200, kanti uhlobo lweMuraena luqukethe izinhlobo eziyi-10 kuphela. Uhlu lubandakanya:

muraena appendiculata,
muraena argus,
muraena augusti,
muraena clepsydra,
muraena helena (european moray eel),
muraena lentiginosa,
muraena melanotis,
muraena pavonina,
muraena retifera,
muraena robusta.

Ngabe uvelaphi u-200? Cishe izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zinomndeni uMuraenidae (Moray), oyingxenye ye-eel-like oda. Lo mndeni omkhulu uqukethe imindeni engezansi emibili (iMuraeninae ne-Uropterygiinae), i-15 genera nezinhlobo ezingama-85- 206.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uhlobo lwe Murena lungena ngaphansi kwe-Muraeninae engezansi, okuhlanganisa nezinhlobo eziyi-10 zezinhlobo ezifakiwe. Ngokukhulu, ngisho ne-giant moray eel yohlobo lwe-Muraena ayiqondile: ingeyamalungu omndeni wakwaMurena, kepha imele uhlobo oluhlukile - iGymnothorax. Akumangalisi ukuthi i- giant moray eel ibizwa nangokuthi iJavanese hymnothorax.

Ukulunywa uMoray

Abantu abaningi bafundile ukuthi kuyini ngaphandle kokuvusa abazingeli abaphansi:

Ngo-2015 - UJimmy Griffin wase-Ireland waseSkyland wahlaselwa kungazelelwe ebusweni - walunywa esihlathini sakhe sokudla eduze nomlomo. Ukubamba kwakufana nenkunzi yomgodi, i-diver yayinyakaziswa sengathi yinto yokudlala yensangu, ilahlekelwe yishubhu lokuphefumula futhi icishe yafa. Kuyesabisa ukubheka isithombe ngokushesha ngemuva kwenxeba. Imithungo engu-20. Ngenhlanhla, odokotela abahlinzayo basePulasitiki banciphisa isihlathi ngokuphelele. Ngawo lowo nyaka e-Hawaii, umlandeli wendawo uthole ukulimala emlenzeni wakhe (akazange aqhekeze noma ngubani, ubesebenzisa i-surf!),
Ngo-2017 - isakhamuzi saseCrete sasihlanganyela ekuhlanzeni ukubanjwa kwansuku zonke ngamanzi - ngokusobala, lokhu kuhlaselwa kwakubangelwa yiphunga legazi kanye necala. Owesifazane walunywa ngesandla. Uphuthunyiswe esibhedlela esibhedlela sase-Elounda, lapho odokotela belaphe khona amanxeba ajulile - ngaphandle kwalokho isiguli besingasala ngaphandle kweminwe,
Ngo-2018 - umphathi wasePoland owayengumthwebuli wezithombe zasemanzini ngaphansi kukaBartosz Lukasik echibini laseNingizimu Afrika laseSodwan wavotela ukukhulumisana kwabantu ababili - kamuva wabona ukuthi kwakuwumkhuba wokuguga. Owesilisa uxoshe umthwebuli wamamitha ayi-15 - ngenhlanhla, akazange asilume.

Imvelo nokuziphatha

Izinhlanzi ezizungeze inyoka ziningi okucatshangelwe ezingasukumi zihlolisise. UMurena ngeke ahlasele kuqala uma engacasukanga, egconwa futhi engakhombisi ukunakwa okucasulayo (okuvame ukwenziwa ngabaphambukeli abangenalwazi).

Kuyiqiniso, ukondla ama-ery Moray ngesandla kuyumbukwane omangalisayo, kepha ngasikhathi sinobungozi obukhulu (njengoba kunjalo ngokuphatha ngokunganaki kwanoma yimuphi umhlaseli wasendle). Izinhlanzi eziphazamisekile ngeke zibe ngumkhosi futhi zingalimaza kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuxabana okuzenzakalelayo kwe-moray eel kucasulwa hhayi ngokwesaba kuphela, kepha futhi nokuhlukumezeka, isimo somzimba noma i-malaise.

Ngisho nokushaya i-hook noma ihabhu, i-ery moray izozivikela kuze kuphele amandla. Okokuqala, uzozama ukucasha emseleni, ahudule umzingeli ongaphansi kwamanzi ngemuva kwakhe, kepha uma umlawuli ehluleka, uzoqala ukuklebheka emhlabeni, akhase olwandle, alwe futhi ahlwithe amazinyo akhe ngokungafanele.

Ukunakwa Njengoba isilume, i-moray eel ayizikhululi isisulu, kepha inamathela kuyo ngesigaqa sokufa (njengoba inkunzi yenkomo yenza) futhi inyakaze imihlathi yayo, okuholela ekubukekeni kwezihlakala ezijulile.

Akukaze kube khona noma ngubani owayekwazi ukuphuma emazinyweni abukhali efaka ama-eel eels ngokwawo, ngaphandle kokucela usizo lwangaphandle. Ukulunywa kwale nhlanzi eyingozi kubuhlungu kakhulu, futhi isilonda siphiliswa isikhathi eside kakhulu (kuze kube sekufeni).

Ngendlela, kwakuyisimo sokugcina esiholele ekutheni i-ichthyologists icabange ngobukhona be-e-moring eels emiseleni yamazinyo, ikakhulukazi, siguatoxin. Kepha ngemuva kochungechunge lwezifundo, ama-moray eels avuselelwa, aqaphela ukuthi awanazo indlala enobuthi.

Ukwelapha kancane kwe-lacerations manje kufakwa esenzweni samagciwane aphindaphindeka emfucumfucweni wokudla emlonyeni: la ma-microorganisms athela amanxeba.

Ngingadla

AmaRoma asendulo ayehlekisa ngobuqotho embuzweni wokuthi ingadliwa yini i-moray eel - bakubheka njengokudla okumnandi, okungadliwa ngabantu, ngenxa yokuceba. Kwakufuyelwa emachibini nasemakhejini futhi kwakusetshenziswa ukulungisa izitsha ezahlukahlukene ezazidliwe emadilini atholakalayo. Encwadini yamaRoma i-On Cooking, iqoqo eliyinqayizivele lezindlela zokupheka ezisuselwa ku-gourmet odumile uMark Gavius Apicius, kunezindlela zokupheka eziningi ezifana nesithupha zale nhlanzi - ezintathu zithosiwe futhi ezintathu zibilisiwe. Ngayinye iqukethe izithako eziyi-9 kuye kwezingu-12!

Indlela yokuphila nendlela yokuphila

Ama-Moray eels - izifiso ezifinyelelekayoukulandela umgomo wokuthola umhlaba. Kwesinye isikhathi zihlangana eduze komunye nomunye, kodwa kuphela ngenxa yokuhlangana ngokuqinile kwezivumelwano ezifinyeleleka kalula. Bahlala lapho izinsuku, ekugcineni bashintshe izikhundla zabo, kepha bashiye amakhanda amabi ngaphandle. Izinhlobo eziningi ziyasebenza ebusuku, kepha kukhona okuhlukile okubamba inyamazane ngesikhathi sasemini, imvamisa emanzini angajulile.

Ukubona kuyazisiza kancane ekulandeleleni isisulu, kepha ikakhulukazi umuzwa wazo omuhle wephunga. Uma ukuvuleka kwamakhala kuvalwa, lokhu kuba yinhlekelele yangempela.

Amazinyo ama-eel amaningi e-moray atholakala kumabili emihlathini, elinye lawo elinokuphindeka: lihlala ekujuleni komphimbo futhi ngakwesokunene 'liphume' likhiphe isisulu lihudule lingene esophagus. Lo mklamo wemishini yokusebenza ngomlomo ubangelwa ukwanda kwezimbobo: ama-moray eels awakwazi (njengabanye abahlaseli abangaphansi kwamanzi) ukuvula imilomo yawo ukusheshe adonse inyamazane ngaphakathi.

Kubalulekile. Ama-Moray eels cishe anazo izitha zemvelo. Izimo ezimbili zinomthelela kulokhu - amazinyo akhe abukhali namandla abambelela kuwo esitha, nokuhlala njalo ezindlini zokuvikela zemvelo.

Isisulu esihamba ngokubhukuda mahhala asihlaselwa inhlanzi enkulu, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi sifihla ngokushesha kugebe elinamadwala eliseduze. Zithi izinhlobo ezithile zishiya abazisukelayo, zikhasa njengezinyoka zomhlaba. Kuyadingeka futhi ukushintshela kwimodi esekwe emhlabathini yokuhamba ngesikhathi sokuhamba okuncane.

Akekho okwamanje olinganise isikhathi sokuphila kwama-morel eels, kepha kukholelwa ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi ziphila ziye eminyakeni eyi-10 noma ngaphezulu.

Ububanzi, indawo yokuhlala ye-moray eel

Ama-Moray eels ayizakhamuzi zasolwandle nolwandle, akhetha amanzi afudumele anosawoti. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zalezi zinhlanzi kuyaphawulwa olwandle i-Indian Ocean naseLwandle Olubomvu. Ama-eel amaningi angama-moray akhethwa ukukhuphuka kwamanzi kwe-Atlantic ne-Pacific Oceans (izindawo ezihlukile), kanye nolwandle iMedithera.

Ama-Moray eels, njengezinhlanzi eziningi ezakhiwe njengama-eel, kuyaqabukela zicwile ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, kukhetha amanzi amatshe angajulile nezixhobo zamakhorali ezinobunzima obungadluli kuma-40 m.Muren eels bachitha cishe impilo yabo yonke ezindaweni zokugcina zemvelo, njengezimbobo zangaphakathi zesiponji esikhulu, imigodi yamadwala namathanga asekhalini.

Ukudla ukuthi kudlani okudlayo

I-Moray eel, ehleli emqamekweni, ifihla isisulu esingaba khona ngamashubhu emakhaleni (afanayo nama-Annelids), ibashukumisela. Izinhlanzi, ziqiniseka ukuthi zibona izibungu zasolwandle, zibhukuda zisondele futhi zingene emazinyweni okhozi olubi, zilubambe ngophonsa ngokushesha kombani.

Ukudla kwama-moray eels akhiwe cishe yizo zonke izakhamuzi zasolwandle ezigayayo:

Kuyathakazelisa. Ama-Moray eels anekhodi yawo yodumo yesithunzi: awadli ama-shrimp-abahlengikazi (ahlala ebusweni be-moray eels) futhi angathinti ukuhlanza ama-jubans (ukukhulula isikhumba / umlomo wokudla okunamathele kanye neparasite).

Ngokubamba inyamazane enkulu (ngokwesibonelo, ama-octopus), kanye nokuyisika, ama-ery Moray asebenzisa inqubo ekhethekile, ithuluzi eliyinhloko layo elingumsila. UMurena usonga itshe eliqinile ngakubo, ubopha ifindo bese eqala ukungena izicubu zomzimba, ehambisa ifindo ekhanda: ingcindezi emihlathini iyanda, okuvumela umanduleli ukudonsa kalula izingcezu zamapulangwe ohlukunyezwayo.

Ukuzalela inzalo

Amandla okuzala ama-moray eels, kanye namanye ama-eel-like, awazange afundwe ngokwanele. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlanzi zihlakazeka kude nolwandle, kanye neqiniso lokuthi lingena eminyakeni yokuzala izingane ngeminyaka engu-4-6. Ezinye izinhlobo zigcina i-dimorphism yezocansi kuyo yonke impilo, ezinye - shintsha ubulilieba ngowesilisa noma ngowesifazane.

Leli khono libonwa, ngokwesibonelo, ku-ribin rhinomerena, abantu abasha (abanobude obungafika ku-65 cm) banombala omnyama, kepha bayishintshe ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okhanyayo, baphenduke abesilisa (ngobude obungama-65-70 cm). Lapho nje ukukhula kwabesilisa abadala kudlula uphawu lwe-70 cm, baba ngabesifazane, ngasikhathi sinye bashintshe umbala ube ophuzi.

Ama-Moray eels abizwa ngokuthi (izibungu zamakhanda amnyama) i-leptocephalus. Zivele obala ngokuphelele, zifakwe nekhanda eliyindilinga kanye nomsila wokugqwala, kuthi lapho zizalwa, zingafiki ku-7-10 mm. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona i-leptocephalus emanzini, ngaphezu kwalokho, azibhukuda futhi zifuduka kahle, sibonga imisakazo, amabanga amade.

Ukudonsa okunjalo kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya ezinyangeni eziyi-10: ngalesi sikhathi, izibungu zikhula ezinhlanzini ezincane bese zijwayela indlela yokuphila yokwehla.

Moray eRoma Lasendulo

Okhokho bethu bakude bekufanele banqobe ukwesaba kwabo ngokukhipha ama-moray eels, futhi eRoma yasendulo bakwazile nokukhiqiza kabusha la ma-acne njengamakheji akhethekile.AmaRoma ayekuthanda ukugcotshwa okungagcini ngokudla kwenyama yezihlobo zakhe ezinamanzi ahlanzekile, ama-eels, ukuhambisa izitsha zezinhlanzi ezihlwabusayo emikhosini ejwayelekile neningi.

Umlando wasendulo ugcinwe ngisho nezinganekwane eziningana ezinikezwe kuma-eel moray. Ngakho-ke, indaba ephathelene no-eel Moray eel, ehamba ngomkhumbi lapho umnikazi wayo, umRoma ogama lakhe linguCassus, eyaziwa.

Inganekwane emangazayo (ehlotshaniswa ngokweqile nguSeneca noDion) ihlotshaniswa noKesari Augustus, owasungula uMbuso WaseRoma. U-Octavian Augustus wayengabangane nendodana yomuntu okhululiwe uPublius Vedius Pollion, owadluliselwa (ngentando kaPrincepes) esigabeni samahhashi.

Lapho umbusi edla esigodini sokunethezeka sabacebile uPollion, futhi owesibili wayala ukuba inceku, eyaphule iphempethi ngengozi, yaphonswa ezinhlafunweni zangomhla. Le nsizwa yawa ngamadolo, yathandazela umbusi hhayi ngisho nokusindisa impilo yakhe, kodwa mayelana nenye indlela engenabunzima yokubulawa.

U-Octavian uthathe imvuthuluka eseleyo waqala ukuyishaya ematsheni lapho kukhona uPollion. Ukuphila kwanikezwa inceku, futhi amakhosazana athola (emva kokushona kukaVeda) isigodlo sasemvalelwa kuye.

Ukudoba kanye nokuzalela

Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe bokuzala ama-moray eels ezimweni zokufakelwa alahlekile futhi lezi zinhlanzi azisakhuli.

Kubalulekile. Kukholelwa ukuthi ama-moray eels (amhlophe futhi amnandi) alungele ukusetshenziswa kuphela ngemuva kokuba lonke igazi elichichima ubuthi likhululiwe kulo. Yizimbangela zokufa nokudla ubuthi kwabantu obezama ama-moray eels, abahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zasezindaweni ezishisayo.

Ubuthi, eqinisweni, buthelela emzimbeni wama-eel morel, lapho izinhlanzi ezinoshevu ezishisayo ziba yisisekelo sokudla kwazo. Kepha esigodini saseMedithera, lapho okugcina kungatholakali khona, amakheli wokuloba amateur avumelekile. Kukhishwe kuma-hook tackle kanye nezicupho, kanye nokusebenzisa amathuluzi okudoba ngemidlalo.

Kwesinye isikhathi ama-European Moray eels angena ngephutha kubavukuzi abahloselwe ukudoba ezinye izinhlanzi, okuyi (ngokungafani nama-eay Moray) into enentshisekelo yokuhweba.

Amaphaneli wesimanjemanje anamuhla asetshenziswa ngobuningi bokwehlukahlukana, etshela cishe ngamanqe asezandleni asobala eduze kwe-scuba divers, akuvumela ukuthi uthathe izithombe zakho ngekhamera, uthinte futhi uzikhiphe uzitholele olwandle lwazo.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Ama-Moray eels angamalungu omndeni wezinhlanzi ezihlotshiswe ngama-ray, i-eelaceae oda. Izihlobo eziseduzane zama-moray eels ngama-eels ahlala emanzini anosawoti. Ngaphandle, lezi zinhlanzi zibukeka njengezinyoka, kepha zinekhanda elikhudlwana. Kukhona inguqulo ethi ama-moray eels ayizange ivele kokhokho abajwayelekile ngezinhlanzi, kodwa kuma-tetrapods - ama-amphibians anezinyawo ezine. Imilenze yabo yaqhamuka emaphashini, futhi ngenxa yendlela exubile yokuxubana (umhlaba namanzi), imilenze yezizondo iqale yancitshiselwa kumapena esiswini, yabe isinyamalala ngokuphelele.

Ividiyo: Moray

Lesi simo somzimba singadalwa ngokuvela kwamanzi angaxutshwe nezixhobo eziningi, amadwala namadwala anama-gorges. Umzimba wama-moray eels ulungele kahle ukungena ezindlini ezincane zokukhosela futhi ngasikhathi sinye ungavumeli lezi zinhlanzi ukuba zikhule ngesivinini esikhulu, okungadingekile emanzini angajulile. Ama-Tetrapods ayehluka ngezici ezifanayo. Bahlala eduze kwamachibi angajulile. Ukuchichima kokudla emanzini kubenze baba mancane amathuba okuthi baqhubeke emhlabeni, yingakho bakwazi ukuguquguquka baba ama-moray eels. Yize imvelaphi yama-moray eels ingaqinisekisiwe futhi iyiqiniso lokuphikisana.

Wonke ama-eel eels nama-eel anezimpawu ezimbalwa ezikhona kubo bonke abantu:

umzimba mude, awugxili kuze kube sekupheleni,
ube nesimo esithe xaxa
inhloko enkulu enomhlathi ophinyisiwe,
okungenani umugqa owodwa wamazinyo
awekho amaphiko,
ukunyakaza, ukugoba nomzimba, njengezinyoka.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Uma umbono mayelana nemvelaphi ye-moray eels evela kuma-tetrapods ulungile, khona-ke esinye sezihlobo eziseduzane salezi zinhlanzi zingwenya kanye nama-alligators. Lokhu kungenzeka, unikezwe ukwakheka okufanayo komhlathi.

Uhlala kuphi moray eel?

Isithombe: Inhlanzi yaseMoray

Ama-Moray eels ahola indlela yokuphila yemfihlo, azinza emihumeni, emadwaleni, ezintweni ezinkulu.Bakhetha imifantu emincane lapho bahlela khona okokukhosela okwesikhashana futhi balindele inyamazane. Ama-Moray eels ajwayelekile kuwo wonke amanzi afudumele; izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zingatholakala olwandle oluthile. Isibonelo, oLwandle Olubomvu: ukuwohloka kweqhwa, ukuwohlo kwejometri, ukugqama kokuphamba, ukuqaqamba kwenkanyezi, i-moray-zebra, kubonakale ukungahambi kahle. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-moray eels zingatholakala olwandle lwaseNdiya, Pacific kanye nolwandle i-Atlantic.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-giant moray eels anamazinyo abekwe emqaleni. Angadonswa phambili ukuze abambe inyamazane bese ehudula ngqo kuyi-esophagus.

Ama-Moray eels angama-thermophilic futhi ahlala ezindaweni eziseduze-ezansi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi angatholakala nakumanzi angajulile. Ama-Moray eels afakwa njengezinhlanzi zasemanzini, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukuzigcina. I-aquarium yama-eel amancane amathathu wokufakelwa kufanele okungenani ibe ngamalitha angama-800, kuyilapho udinga ukulungiswa ukuthi ama-eel moray angakhula afike kumitha elilodwa ubude. Okuphoqelekile kungumhlobiso we-aquarium - izindawo eziningi zokuphephela eziphakeme lapho ama-moray eels angacasha khona. Izidalwa ze-aquarium enjalo nazo zibalulekile. Ama-Moray eels ancike esimisweni semvelo, okumele sibe ne-starfish nezinhlanzi ezihlanzayo. Kungcono ukukhetha izinto zemvelo zokuhlala kabusha, ugweme ipulasitiki nezinsimbi.

Manje uyazi ukuthi le nhlanzi eyinqaba itholakala kuphi. Ake sibheke ukuthi i-moray eel iyingozi kubantu.

Yini edla ama-moray eels?

Isithombe: Inhlanzi yaseMoray eel

Ama-Moray eels ayizidakamizwa eziqinisekile. Esikhathini esiningi, bakulungele ukudla konke okusondelene nabo, ngakho-ke ama-eay e-moray angahlasela umuntu.

Ngokuyisisekelo, ukudla kwabo kufaka phakathi:

izinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene
i-octopus, i-cuttlefish, i-squid,
wonke ama-crustaceans
ama-urchins olwandle, i-starfish ephakathi nendawo.

Indlela yokuzingela ama-moray eels ayijwayelekile. Bahlala emqamelweni balinde ngesineke lapho inyamazana libhukuda lize kubo. Ukuze wenze lokhu kwenzeke ngokushesha okukhulu, ama-eles moray anamashubhu emakhaleni - aqala kusuka emakhaleni futhi ahamba ngokungahleliwe, enza ukubukeka kwesibungu. Isisulu sibhukuda ngqo ekhaleni lama-moray eels, lapho siphawula umhlaseli ovalekile.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Kunezinhlanzi lapho ama-moray eels enobungane khona - lezi zihlanza izihlwathi nezinesi ezinesihlanzayo se-parayites zangasese futhi zisuse imfucuza yokudla emlonyeni wakhe.

UMurena uphonsa ebukhali lapho inyamazane ingaphansi kwempumulo yakhe. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-moray eels zisebenzisa imihlathi yangaphandle noma yangaphakathi yokuphonsa. Imihlathi yangaphakathi isemphinjeni, ibuye ibe namazinyo futhi inwebeke lapho iphonswa. Ngosizo lomhlathi wangaphakathi, inhlanzi idonsa inyamazane ingene emgodini. Ama-Moray eels awazi ukuhlafuna nokuluma - aginya isisulu sonke. Ngenxa yomzimba oshelelayo ongenazo izikali, angakwazi ukuphonsa isikhathi eside futhi ngokushesha, okungazilimazi.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Umbono ongemnandi kangako, njengoba i-moray eels inyasela kuma-octopus. Bacindezela i-octopus ekhoneni bese beyidla kancane, baklebhule.

E-aquariums moray eels kudliwa izinhlanzi ezikhethekile zokudla. Kungcono ukuthi inhlanzi ibukhoma futhi igcinwe emanzini acijile aseduze. Kepha ama-moray eels nawo angajwayela ukudla okubandayo: ama-cephalopods, ama-shrimps nokunye ukudla.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Ama-Moray eels ahlala yedwa, yize kungabonakala sengathi aphambuka emaphaketheni. Emini, bacasha emigedeni yabo naphakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali, ngezikhathi ezithile bayadla. Ebusuku, ama-ery Moray ahola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, yokuntanta ngokuzingela. I-Moray eel ingumhlaseli onamandla. Uhamba ebusuku phakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali, udla konke okungafinyelela. Ama-Moray eels akavamile ukujaha inyamazane ngenxa yokuhamba kancane, kepha kwesinye isikhathi baphishekela ubumnandi obuthandwayo - ama-octopus.

Izinhlobo eziningi zama-moray eels azishintsheli ekujuleni kwamamitha angaphezu kwama-50, yize kukhona okubhaliselwe okujulile olwandle. Amanye ama-ery moray ayakwazi uhlobo lokusebenzisana nezinye izinhlanzi. Isibonelo, i-giant moray eel isebenzisana ngokuzithandela nama-sea bass.I-perch ithola ama-mollusks afihliwe kanye ne-crayfish, i-moray idla enye yezinyamazane, bese ngokwengxenye inika i-perch esivele isisesimweni esifile.

Lapho indala iqala ukungcola, iba yimfihlo encane. Ama-Old moray eels angakwazi ukubhukuda ukuzingela ngisho nasemini. Njengoba bekhula, baba nolaka ngokwengeziwe. Ama-Old moray eels athambekele ku-cannibalism - angadla abantu abancane abancane. Kunezimo ezivame kakhulu zokuhlaselwa kwe-moray eel kubantu. Lezi zinhlanzi zikhombisa ulaka uma abantu biseduze, kepha ungazihlaseli ngenhloso. Ngohlobo lokuhlaselwa, abukeka njengama-bulldogs: ama-eay ama-moray abambelela emzimbeni futhi angavuli imihlathi yawo kuze kube yilapho ekhipha ucezu. Kepha ngemuva kokumunca ngokushesha ucezu lwe-moray eel alubambi, kepha lubambe futhi.

Njengomthetho, ama-ery moray awakhombisi ulaka komunye nomunye futhi ayizilwane zezwe. Bahlala buthule ezindlini zokukhosela ezingomakhelwane, bengazizwa bencintisana.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inhlanzi yenyoka i-eay eel?

Bonke abamele le nhlobo bakhulu. Ubude bomzimba wama-eles moray busuka kuma-60 ukuya kuma-370 amasentimitha. Futhi umuntu oyedwa unesisindo kusuka ku-8 kuya ku-40 kilos! Imidondoshiya engaphansi kwamanzi!

Isimo somzimba walezi zinhlanzi sithambile kancane: ingaphambili lomzimba likhulu kunasemuva. Amaphinifa ejwayelekile we-pectoral, abonakala iningi labamele isigaba sezinhlanzi, abekho ema-eel morel. Ubuso bezinhlanzi zenyoka bukhulu, futhi amehlo anenkulumo embi kakhulu!

Umbala wezilwane uvame ukuhlotshaniswa ngemibala. Kaningi kuba nephethini encane enamabala emzimbeni, kwesinye isikhathi ama-eay ama-moray abe nomhlobiso onemigqa emzimbeni. Lezi zinhlanzi zenyoka azinazikali.

Ukusabalala kwama-eel sea Moray

Izindawo zokuhlala zasolwandle zibhekwa njalo njengendawo yokuhlala yama-moray eels; amanzi akufanele abe munyu kuphela, kepha futhi afudumele. Lezi zinhlanzi eziyinyoka zingatholakala emanzini oLwandlekazi i-Indian, olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean, oLwandle oluBomvu nolweMedithera, nakwezinye izingxenye zoLwandlekazi iPacific.

Indlela yokuphila yenhlanzi yaseMoray

Endaweni yokuhlala, ama-ery Moray akhetha ukujula okungajulile - aze afike kumamitha angama-40, ancamela ukusebenzisa iningi lesikhathi sawo emanzini angajulile. Amanzi anesizotha futhi awafani namanzi. Lapho sesithole indawo yokukhosela ethile, noma ngabe kungumbala wedwala noma uthango lwamakhorali, ama-eay moray ahlala kuyo impilo yawo yonke. Umsebenzi main kwenzeka kusihlwa.

Ama-Moray eels ayizilwane ezihlala zodwa, indlela yokuphila ejabulisayo ayifanele. Noma "umakhelwane" wohlobo olufanayo luhlala ngephutha eduzane, akuwona wonke ama-eel moray alungele ukubekezelela "abangane" abanjalo.

Uhlobo lwezinhlanzi nalo alulula, njengalo uqobo. Abanye abantu banomusa omkhulu. Kepha bakhona abangafuni kuphazamiseka ezimpilweni zabo. Uma i-moray eel ingathandi okuthile, ngokushesha iba nolaka futhi ikulume kabuhlungu. Ukulunywa kwalezinhlanzi zenyoka kwesinye isikhathi bekubulala abantu! Ngakho-ke, lapho uhudula, kufanele uqaphele ngalezi zinhlanzi ezinomlilo.

Ngabe kudlani oku-moray?

Imithombo eyinhloko yokudla kwama-einine moray eels ama-urchins olwandle, inhlanzi kanye. Kuqala, laba bantu abazingela izitha, becashe endaweni yokuqamekela, bahehe inyamazane, bese beyayihlasela ngomkhonto obukhali bayibambe emlonyeni. Njengoba yonke i-moray eel ingakwazi ukugwinya, iqala ukubaza inyamazane yayo ngendlela ekhethekile, iyidla ngezitho.

Ukukhiqizwa kwenhlanzi yenyoka

Ososayensi abayifundisanga kahle inqubo yokuzalela inzalo kulezi zinhlanzi. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yendlela yokuphila yemfihlo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. Amanye ama-ery moray a-dioecious, kepha kukhona nalabo abaguqula ubulili babo ukusuka kowesilisa kuya kowesifazane ngesikhathi sokuphila.

I-laray eel larva ezelwe ibizwa ngokuthi yi-lecoscephalus. Ubukhulu bakhe bokuzalwa bukhulu kakhulu - 7 - 10 millimeter. I-larva ibekezelelwa kalula yinkambo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, "abancane" abavela ku-clutch eyodwa bawela ezindlini ezihlukile. Njengoba isifinyelele eminyakeni engu-4-6, leel young moray iba mdala ngokuphelele futhi ekwazi ukuzala futhi.

Isikhathi sokuphila se-eay-moray eels esiseduze nenyoka cishe siyiminyaka eyi-10.

Ama-moray eels anezitha zemvelo?

Indlela yokuphila eseqisiwe abaholwa yilezi zinhlanzi ezikhazimulayo abayiholayo, ibasindisa ekuchwengeni kwezitha. Kepha kunezimo lapho i-moray eel isabamba iso lezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezingahlaseli bese iba "isidlo sakusihlwa" sayo.

Ama-Moray eels izinhlanzi ezinkulu zenyoka ezaziwa ngokuba nobuthi bazo nemvelo enolaka. Eqinisweni, amaqiniso amaningi ngama-moray eels ayenziwa ngokweqile. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-200 zama-eel moray zihlangene emndenini wama-eel morel. Lezi zinhlanzi ziyizihlobo eziseduzane kakhulu zezinye izinhlanzi zenyoka - ama-eels.

I-dot moray eel (Gymnothorax fimbriatus).

Zonke izinhlobo zama-moray eels zikhulu: ezincane kunazo zonke zifinyelela kubude obungu-60 cm futhi zinesisindo esingu-8-10 kg, bese kuthi i-giant moray eel (Thyrsoidea macrura) ifinyelele kubude obuyi-3.75 m futhi inesisindo esingama-40 kg! Umzimba wama-moray eels ubude ngokungakhethi, uthambile kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kepha awusicaba. Ngemuva komzimba kubukeka kunciphile, kanti eliphakathi nengaphambili lomzimba liyanwebeka kancane, kusuka kulokhu i-moray eel ifana ne-leech enkulu. Amaphinifa we-pectoral alezi zinhlanzi awekho ngokuphelele, kepha izinhlawulo zedorsal ziya kufinyelela kulo lonke ubude bomzimba. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abakwaziyo ukubona i-moray eel kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo, ezimweni eziningi umzimba wakhe ufihlwe emadwaleni amadwala, kuphela ikhanda lakhe liphuma.

I-Moray Moray eels (Muraena helena) ifana ne-leeches enkulu.

NguYe, ngokungafani nenye ingxenye yomzimba, owenza i-moray eel ibukeke njengenyoka. I-moray eel iphakathi nkulumo embi, umlomo wayo cishe uvulekile ngaso sonke isikhathi, namazinyo amakhulu abukhali abonakala kuyo. Lesi sithombe esingenabandlululo sasebenza njengengxenye yokuhlambalaza i-moray eel ngobuhlanya benyoka nolaka. Eqinisweni, isisho esithi kuma-moray eels asisibi kangako njengeqhwa, ngoba lezi zinhlanzi ziyizimbangi, zichitha isikhathi esiningi zilindele inyamazane. Umbono wokuthi ama-eles asezindongeni awakwazi ukuvala umlomo ngenxa yamazinyo amakhulu kakhulu nawo awusebenzi. Eqinisweni, ama-ery Moray ahlala nemilomo yawo evulekile, ngoba aphefumula ngayo, ngoba ezindaweni ezinamabhokisi aqinile ukugeleza kwamanzi kuya ezigulini kunzima. Ngenxa yalokhu, umlomo we-moray eels upendiwe, ngakho-ke umlomo ovulekile awubonakali ngokumelene nesizinda sedolini le-motley. Ama-Moray eels anamazinyo ambalwa (23-28), ahlala emgqeni owodwa futhi agobile kancane emuva; ezinhlotsheni ezikhethekile ekubambeni ama-crustaceans, amazinyo awabukeki kangako, lokhu kuvumela ama-eay Moray ukuthi aqhekeze amagobolondo we-crab.

Okunye okungajwayelekile kwama-moray eels ukuntuleka kolimi namabili amabala emakhaleni. Njengazo zonke izinhlanzi, ama-ery Moray asebenzisa emakhaleni awo hhayi ukuphefumula, kodwa kuphela ngomqondo wawo wephunga. Amakhala omsuka afakwa emabhulini amafushane. Imizimba yabo imbozwe ngesikhumba esiminyene ngaphandle kwesikali. Umbala walezi zinhlanzi uhlotshaniswa ngokuxubile, imvamisa ngephethini egobeke kahle (imithende emincane, i-monophonic), kepha imibala imvamisa ayinamabala - ansundu, omnyama, omhlophe. Noma kunjalo, kukhona okuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, i-ribbon rhinomera isencane (ukuya kufinyelela ku-65 cm ubude) imnyama, lapho isikhulile iba yinduna ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ngasikhathi sinye ubude bayo ifinyelela ku-65-70 cm), bese abesilisa abadala sebaphenduka abesifazane abade (ngobude obungaphezu kwama-70 cm) .

I-young rin rinureurena (Rhinomuraena quaesita).

Ama-Moray eels ayizakhamuzi zasolwandle. Zitholakala kuphela emanzini afudumele anosawoti. Ama-Moray eels afinyelele ekuhlukeni kwezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke oLwandle Olubomvu nolwandle i-Indian Ocean, kanti futhi atholakala olwandle iMedithera, i-Atlantic nakwezinye izingxenye zoLwandlekazi iPacific. Lezi zinhlanzi zitholakala ikakhulu ekujuleni okungajulile: ezigodini zamakhorali nasemanzini angenamatshe angajulile, ubunzulu bendawo yokuhlala bufika ku-40 m, ezinye izinhlobo zingashona emhlabeni njengamanzi amancane. Kulokhu, ama-eel moray afana kakhulu nezihlobo zawo ze-eels. Ama-Moray eels ahlala isikhathi esiningi ezindlini zokukhosela: imigodi yamatshe angaphansi kwamanzi, imisele yangaphakathi yesiponji esikhulu, phakathi kwamathanga wamakhorali. Lezi zinhlanzi zisebenza ikakhulu kusihlwa, ngakho-ke aziboni kahle, kepha zinxephezela kulokhu kungabi nephunga elihle. Ngokuvuleka kwempumulo okuvaliwe, ama-eel moray awakwazi ukuthola inyamazane.

Abesilisa bezinkomo zobhejane. Lolu hlobo lunezihlahla ezinamahlamvu ezakhiwe njengamaqabunga esihlokweni esikhundleni sejwayelekile kumashubhu e-moray eel.

Ama-Moray eels ahlala yedwa futhi anamathela kumasayithi angapheli. Ezimweni ezingavamile, lapho kunemifantu eminingi elula eduzane, ama-ery moray angahlala ndawonye, kepha lokhu kuyindawo ngengozi, hhayi ubungani. I-Moraine moraine ingxube emangalisayo yokufutheka nobumnene. Ngokusho kwabanye abahlukahlukene, ama-eay e-moray akhombisa ubungane nokuzola futhi akuvumela ukuthi uzithinte. Kunezimo lapho ama-moray eels asetshenziselwa ukuklwebha ukuhlukahluka ngesikhathi sokuthwebula okungaphansi kwamanzi kangangoba aze abhukuda nawo futhi avumela ukuba akhishwe emanzini. Umlando wasendulo uthi i-Roman Crassus yayiphethe i-hand moray eel, eya ngomkhumbi ikholi. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sikhulume ngohlobo oluthile lobuhlakani kulezi zinhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, kuvula kuphela izibukeli ezicashile nezingacunuli.

Owesifazane ophuzi we-ribbon rhinomene yisigaba sokugcina sokuguqulwa kombala.

Kulezo zimo lapho ama-moray eels ephathwa kabi, asabela kabi kakhulu. I-eay ethukile nephazamisekile ngokushesha ihlasela futhi ingaluma kakhulu. Ukulunywa yiMoray akugcini nje ngokuba buhlungu, kepha futhi kupholisa kakhulu (kufika ezinyangeni eziningana), futhi ukufa kuyaziwa. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ubuthi ngaphambili bebubangelwa ama-moray eels (bekukholelwa ukuthi ubuthi busemazinyweni, njengezinyoka), kepha ucwaningo aluzange luveze noma yiziphi izindlala ezinobuthi kulezi zinhlanzi. Ngokunokwenzeka, ubuthi bamathe abo bungahanjaniswa namagciwane we-pathogenic aphindaphindeka emlonyeni phakathi kwemfucumfucu yokudla futhi abangele ukutheleleka kwesilonda. I-eel moray ebanjwe esivandeni izivikela kuze kube sekupheleni. Ekuqaleni, izama ukucasha endaweni yayo yokuhlala bese ibuyela emuva ngamandla amakhulu, ngenkathi iphakeme endaweni emnyama ichofoza amazinyo ayo, ukushaya, izindunduma, izama ukukhamba inyamalala. Ukuziphatha okunjalo bekuyimbangela yomqondo owedlulele ngokwedlulele ngalezi zinhlanzi.

Zonke izinhlobo zama-moray eels zingabazingeli. Zidla izinhlanzi, amakhreyithi, ama-urchins olwandle, ama-octopus, ama-cuttlefish. I-Moray idlulisa ukuqamekelana kwayo inyamazane, ihehe ngayo ngamashubhu emakhaleni. Lawa mashubhu afana nezibungu ze-polychaete, izinhlanzi eziningi ezifuywayo kuleli khithi. Lapho nje isisulu sisondela ebangeni elanele, i-moray eels nge-umbani iphonsa umphambili womzimba phambili ibambe isisulu. Umlomo omncane we-moray eel awulungele ukugwinya inyamazane enkulu ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke, lezi zinhlanzi ziye zakha iqhinga elikhethekile lokusika inyamazane. Kulokhu, ama-eles moray asebenzisa ... umsila. Njengoba isiboshele umsila wayo etsheni le-moray eel, iboshwe ngokoqobo esinqeni, idonsa ifindo ekhanda ngezihlakala zemisipha, ngenkathi ingcindezi emisipha yomhlathi ikhuphuka kaninginingi kanti nenhlanzi idonsa ucezwana lwenyama emzimbeni wesisulu. Le ndlela futhi ilungele ukubamba isisulu esinamandla (ngokwesibonelo, i-octopus).

I-Moray eel ivumela umuntu ohlanzayo ukuba ahlole umlomo wawo.

Ukusakazwa kwama-eel Moray, njengama-eel, akuqondakali kahle. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-dioecious, ezinye ziguqula ucansi ngokulandelana - ukusuka kowesilisa kuya kowesifazane (ngokwesibonelo, iribhoni rhinomera). Ama-Moray eels abizwa ngokuthi yi-leptocephalus, njengoba kunjalo nangezibungu ze-eel. Ama-lemoncephals e-Moraine anenhloko eyindilinga nenhlawulo eyindilinga ye-caudal, imizimba yawo ibonakala ngokuphelele, futhi ubude bokuzala bufika kancane ku-7-10 mm. Kunzima kakhulu ukubona izibungu ezinjengamanzi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-leptocephalans abhukuda ngokukhululekile futhi athwa ngemisinga ebangeni elikhulu impela. Ngakho-ke, ukusakazeka kwama-eel moray axazululiwe. Isikhathi sokugobhoza sithatha izinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-10, phakathi nesikhathi lapho i-lecoscephalus ikhula futhi iqale ukuhola impilo yokuhlala. Ama-Moray eels afinyelela ebusheni ngeminyaka engu-4-6. Isikhathi sokuphila salezi zinhlanzi asisungulwa ngokuqondile, kodwa yinde. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zingaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10.

Ukweqiwa yileso simo esingajwayelekile lapho ama-moray eels akha amaqoqo abantu abaningana.

Isitha asikaze sibe nama-eel moray.Okokuqala, zivikelwe izindawo zokukhosela zemvelo lapho lezi zinhlanzi zichitha khona iningi lempilo yazo. Okwesibili, akuwona wonke umuntu ofuna ukulwa nenhlanzi enkulu futhi eqinile ehlome ngamazinyo abukhali. Uma ngesikhathi sokubhukuda kwamahhala (futhi lokhu kwenzeka kaningi), enye inhlanzi iphishekela i-moray eel, khona-ke izama ukucasha endaweni eduzane. Ezinye izinhlobo zingaphunyuka kulowo ozixoshayo, zizulazula ziqonde kude nomhlaba.

Umuntu une-moray eel eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu bebelokhu besaba laba bantu abahlukumezayo futhi bagweme ukuthintana eduze kwabo nemvelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-eel moray kudala adume ngokunambitheka kwawo okuhle. Ama-gourmet adumile amaRoma asendulo ayeyazisa inyama ye-Moray eel yaseMedithera kanye nenyama yamanzi ayo ahlanzekile nesihlobo esincane - i-eel. Ukudla oku-Moray bekuphakwa emadilini njengokudla okumnandi futhi ngobuningi. Ngakho-ke, naphezu kokwesaba, abantu bezikhathi zasendulo babamba ama-eels ayindabuzekwayo, futhi amaRoma aze afunda nokuwazalela ezinkanjini. Manje isipiliyoni sokuzalela ama-moray eels ekudingisweni sesilahlekile futhi lezi zinhlanzi azilinywa ngobuciko, ikakhulukazi njengoba amacala obuthi bokubulala ama-moray eels ayaziwa ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ubuthi bubangelwa ubuthi obunqwabelana enyameni lapho kudliwa izinhlungu ezinhlanzi ezinobuthi ezishisayo ezinsukwini ezishisayo. Kodwa-ke, esigodini saseMedithera, lapho kungatholakali khona izinhlobo ezinobuthi, ukudoba ngezikhathi ezithile kuyenziwa.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala kwama-eel moray

Uma ubheka isithombe moray eel , kungaqapheleka ukuthi azinamaphiko we-pectoral, kuyilapho amachaphaza e-caudal ne-dorsal enza umhlambi owodwa oqhubekayo.

Inhlanzi - Inyoka yaseMoray ayinazikali, futhi umbala wayo ungahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Iningi labantu linombala we-motley ngokuba khona kwama-brown and brown-brown hues, kodwa-ke kukhona izinhlanzi ezimhlophe ngokuphelele.

Ingaphambili lenhlanzi likhulu kunasemuva. Ama-Moray eels ngokuvamile anesisindo nobukhulu obukhulu kunabesilisa.

Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zama-eel moray. Zitholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo emigodini yezilwandle zaseNdiya, Atlantic nasePacific ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo.

Zihlala ikakhulu ekujuleni okukhulu kuze kube ngamamitha ayi-50. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-moray eel, zingawela ekujuleni kwamamitha ayikhulu namashumi amahlanu futhi ziphansi impela.

Ngokuvamile, ukubukeka kwalaba bantu kuyinto eyingqayizivele kangangokuba kunzima ukuthola omunye inhlanzi ye-moray eel . Kukholelwa ngokubanzi ukuthi ama-ery Moray izinhlanzi ezinobuthi, empeleni ezingekho kude neqiniso.

Yingakho isilonda sipholisa isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi sibangela ukungaphatheki kahle, kukhona ngisho nezimo lapho ukulunywa yi-eel kubangele umphumela obulalayo.

Uhlobo nendlela yokuphila yezinhlanzi ezi-moray

Iningi labantu likhetha ukujula kwamamitha angama-40 ukuziphilisa, lichitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini angajulile. Ekhuluma nge incazelo ye-moray eel fish , kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi azihlali ezikoleni, zithanda indlela yokuphila eyedwa.

Ukubambeka kwezinhlanzi kunamandla kakhulu, ngoba kunamakhasi angeziwe wokudla okulukhuni, abaningi bekuqhathanisa nokubamba kwensimbi kwe-bulldog.

Ebusuku, izinhlanzi ziya ekuzingeleni, futhi zigxile embonweni wazo omuhle wephunga, zizingela inyamazane. Izici zokuhleleka komzimba zivumela ama-eel moray ukuba aphishekele inyamazane yawo.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwama-eel morel

Ukusakazeka kwama-moray eels kwenzeka ngokuphonsa amaqanda. Ngenkathi ebandayo, aqoqana emanzini angajulile, lapho inqubo yokuvuselelwa kwamaqanda yenzeka ngqo.

Isibungu sezinhlanzi ezi-moray, esizalwa ngaso, sibizwa nge- "leptocephalus". Ama-Moray eels afinyelela ebusheni eneminyaka emine kuya kwayisithupha, kuthi emva kwalokho umuntu akwazi ukuzala eminye.

Isikhathi eside i-moray eel yayithathwa njengeyingozi yokudla okudlayo. Ngokusho kwemithombo yasendulo yaseRoma, izicukuthwane nezicukuthwane zisebenzisa ama-moray eels njengendlela yokujezisa izigqila ezinecala. Abantu baphonswe echibini le-moray eel futhi babuka impi elahlekile. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, izinhlanzi ezidla inyama zazigcinwa yindlala futhi izinyanga eziningi zijwayele iphunga legazi lomuntu.

I-Giant moray (lat.Gymnothorax javanicus) (English Giant moray). Isithombe ngu-Andrey Narchuk

Lokhu kungenye yezinhlangothi ezimnyama zama-eel moray.Kepha ingabe zimbi kakhulu futhi ziyingozi kubantu? Impendulo ithi cha! Iningi lokuhlaselwa kwe-moray eel kubantu kwenzeka kuphela ngephutha lomuntu. Futhi kunjalo! Ayikho into yokudambisa inyamazane enamazinyo amade futhi abukhali njengezindatshana.

Amazinyo abukhali

I-Moray eels ihlasela umphikisi omkhulu kuphela ezimweni zokuzivikela. Khumbula, asikho isisulu esisodwa esingamane sizijikijele esidalweni esedlula usayizi. Ngakho-ke, abaphambukayo abanelukuluku akufanele banciphise izandla zabo lapho kufanele, ngoba ungahlala ngaphandle kweminwe noma isandla. Ikakhulu, akufanele unamathele izandla zakho emiseleni emincane, emihumeni nasemigodini ebekwe ezigodini zamakhorali, njengoba ama-moray eels ehlala lapho.

Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba yikhulu zalezi zinhlanzi ezidla ubhedu emhlabeni. Phakathi kwazo, kukhona abantu abancane nabakhulu, isibonelo, i-moray eel Gymnothorax javanicus. Ibizwa nangokuthi iJavanese hymnothorax noma iJavanese lycodont. Lawa ma-moray eels akhula aze afike kumamitha amathathu ubude.

Umuzi wakhe ungamanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nashubisayo olwandlekazi lwePacific nolwaseNdiya, uLwandle Olubomvu, ugu lweziqhingi zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, New Caledonia ne-Australia.

Njengabo bonke abameleli bama-e-moray eels, i-giant moray eel igwema amanzi avulekile futhi ithanda ukucasha ezindaweni zokugcina ezithembekile ezisekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-50.

I-Giant Moray ne-Cleaner

Umbala ozifihlayo wama-giant moray eels ungikhumbuza ngombala wecembe. Ikhanda, umzimba ongaphezulu, namaphiko kukhona ukushunqulwa futhi kugcotshwe ngokucebile ngamabala amnyama osayizi abahlukahlukene. Ingxenye yesisu isala ngaphandle komdwebo.

I-giant moray eel izingelwa yodwa ebusuku, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona okuhlukile (okuningi kulokhu ngemuva kwalokho, lapho kubhekelwa khona ukuzingela okuhlanganyelwe kwe-giant moray eel kanye nama-bass olwandle).

Awungeke umbize ngokudla. Udla cishe noma yiziphi izinhlanzi, ezinkulu noma ezincane, ama-crustaceans nama-cephalopods. Ugwinya inyamazane encane iphelele, afake inyamazane enkulu kuhlobo oluthile lwesikejana bese ilula lapho.

Umhlathi pharyngeal uboniswa ngumcibisholo

Amazinyo amakhulu namathiphu abukhali asiza ukubhekana ngokushesha nokuxhapha. KODWA, nansi imfihlo encane cishe yazo zonke izinto ezi-moray, zinemilomo yazo hhayi eyodwa, kodwa ngamabili amabili emihlathi. Owokuqala ungowokuqala, onamazinyo amakhulu, abekwe lapho kufanele abe khona, owesibili - pharyngeal - ku-pharynx. (I-P.S. bathi bekuyindondo ye-moray eel esebenza njengohlobo lokudala isilwanyana esivela ku-movie "Alien" ngomhlathi wesibili, omncane, obuyekayo.)

Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, umhlathi wangemuva utholakala ekujuleni komphimbo, kepha kuyakufanelekela ukuthi inyamazane ibe seduze komlomo we-moray eel, njengoba ihamba icishe icishe ngaphambili. Inhloso yayo enkulu ukucindezela ukudla ku-esophagus bese ugaya. Vuma, kungenzeka ukuthi inyamazane ikwazi ukuphuma kulolu “gibe” oluphindwe kabili.

Hhawu-ke manje othenjisiwe - imininingwane emincane ethokozisayo mayelana nokuzingela okuhlanganyelayo kwama-giant moray eels nama-bass olwandle - omunye umuntu ohlala emhlabeni ongaphansi kwamanzi.

I-Moray eel kanye ne-bass yolwandle

Imvamisa yilowo nalowo wabo uzingela yedwa: ama-eay ama-moray - ebusuku nakulowo oqamelayo, nezinkampani zasolwandle - ntambama nasemanzini avulekile, ngakho-ke amakhorali ukuphela kwendawo yokuhlala kuye. Kepha amanye ama-eels aseLwandle Olubomvu anquma ukwephula yonke imithetho - ngezikhathi ezithile aya ekuzingeleni ntambama, ngisho nomngane.

Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi, umsunguli wokuzingela okunjalo ama-sea bass. Ubhukuda ku-moray eel futhi uma inkosikazi yakhe isivele ikhiphile ikhanda, bese enikina ikhanda ngezindlela ezihlukile phambi kwakhala. Lezi zenzo zisho isimemo sokuzingela ngokuhlanganyela. Inhlanzi ithatha lesi sinyathelo kuphela uma ilambe kakhulu noma inyamazane yayo ifihlwe endaweni yokukhosela eduze ne-moray eel.

Sengimholele endaweni efanele, i-perch iqala ukunikina ikhanda, ngikhomba endaweni efanele. Futhi i-moray eel yehlela ngaphakathi inyamazane. Konke ukudla kwasemini kuyabanjwa. I-giant moray eel ayidli njalo inhlanzi eyayibambe ngosizo lomngane.Ngezikhathi ezithile, uyinikeza "umngane" wakhe.

Kuncane okwaziwayo mayelana nenqubo yokuzalanisa ama-giay eay giant. Njengezinye izinhlobo, izala kabusha nge-caviar. Imvamisa, izinsikazi eziningana zibuthana emanzini angajulile, lapho zizalela khona amaqanda, lapho-ke zivuthwa ngabesilisa. Imvamisa amaqanda ahamba emanzini kanye nemisinga yolwandle futhi athwalwa amabanga amade.

Ama-hat a-moray eels aboshiwe adla ku-zooplankton aze akhule. Ngemuva kwalokho bathuthela ezigodini zamakhorali noma ezingxiniwe, babalekela ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, iningi loshaka.

Ukuhlanza ngomlomo

Ama-eel Moray awadliwa kaningi futhi akukho ukudoba okuqondisiwe kwawo. Yize eRoma yasendulo, ama-elay ama-moray ayebaluleke kakhulu ukunambitheka kwenyama okukhethekile. Uma abamele abancane bama-moray eels bangagcinwa e-aquarium, khona-ke nge-giant moray eel iqhinga elinjalo akunakwenzeka ukuthi liphumelele, isikhala esiningi uzodinga indawo yokuhlala enhle.

Izinhlanzi ezi-Moray. Incazelo, izici, izinhlobo, indlela yokuphila nendawo yokuhlala yama-eel eels

Moray eel - uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezinkulu, ezi-carnivorous ezinomzimba ofana nenyoka. Ama-Moray eels ayizakhamizi ezingapheli zeMedithera, ezitholakala kuzo zonke izilwandle ezifudumele, ikakhulukazi emanzini asemadwaleni nasemadwaleni. Kuyaxaka. Kunezimo zokuhlaselwa kwe-eel ye-unmotivated engafani nezinye.

Incazelo Nezici

Ukwakheka komzimba, indlela yokubhukuda nokubukeka okumangazayo kuyizici ezihlukanisayo zama-eel morel. Inqubo yokuziphendukela kwenhlanzi ejwayelekile yathuthukile - iqoqo lezitho zokunyakaza. Ama-Moray eels athuthukiswe ngenye indlela: akhetha ukugoba okungathi amaza omzimba ukuze azulise imitshini.

Moray eel — inhlanzi hhayi encane. Ukuqunjelwa komzimba we-moray eel kuhlotshaniswa nokwenyuka kwenani lama-vertebrae, hhayi ukwandiswa kwe-vertebra ngayinye. I-vertebrae eyengeziwe iyangezwa phakathi kwezifunda zangaphambi kwe-caudal kanye ne-caudal yomgogodla.

Ubude obuphakathi komuntu ovuthiwe bu malunga ne-1 m, isisindo esingama-20 kg. Kunezinhlobo ezincane, azidluli ku-0.6 m ubude futhi zinesisindo esingadluli kuma-10 kg. Kutholakala izinhlanzi ezinkulu ikakhulu: imitha eyodwa nohhafu ubude, bondla isisindo esingama-50 kg.

Umzimba we-moray eel uqala ngekhanda elikhulu. Ukuphefumula okuphakeme kuhlukaniswe ngumlomo obanzi. Ubukhali obukhali be-conical buthinta imihlathi engenhla nengaphansi ngokulandelana. Ukubamba, ukubamba, ukuklebhula ucezu lwenyama kuwumsebenzi wamazinyo abolile.

Ukwenza ngcono izinto zabo ezinhle kakhulu, ama-moray eels athola isici se-anatomical, ososayensi abayibiza ngokuthi "pharyngognathy." Lona ngomunye umhlathi osendaweni yomphimbo. Lapho ubamba inyamazane, umhlathi we-pharyngeal udlulela phambili.

I-trophy ithunjwa ngamazinyo akhiwe kuyo yonke imihlathi yenhlanzi. Ngemuva kwalokho pharyngeal moray eel kanye nomuntu ohlukumezekile uthuthela esimweni salo sokuqala. Isikhuzo siphakathi komphimbo, siqala ukunyakaza kwalo eceleni kwesophagus. Ososayensi bathi ukuvela komhlathi we-pharyngeal nomsebenzi ongagcwalisiwe wokugcwala kuma-moray eels.

Ngaphezulu komhlathi ongenhla, ngaphambili kwesihlwitha, kunamehlo amancane. Vumela izinhlanzi ukuba zihlukanise ukukhanya, isithunzi, izinto ezihambayo, kepha zinganikeli isithombe esicacile sendawo ezungezile. Lokho wukuthi, umbono ubamba iqhaza elisekelayo.

I-moray eel ibona ukusondela kwesisulu ngokuhogela. Ukuvuleka kwempumulo yezinhlanzi kutholakala phambi kwamehlo, cishe ekugcineni kwesihluthu. Ukuvulwa okune, ezimbili zazo azibonakali kalula, ezimbili - zabelwe ngendlela yamashubhu. Amamolekyuli we-Odor afinyelela kumaseli we-receptor ngokusebenzisa emakhaleni ngokusebenzisa iziteshi zangaphakathi. Kubo, imininingwane ingena ebuchosheni.

Amangqamuzana we-receptor receptor awagcini emlonyeni kuphela, kepha asakazeke ebusweni bomzimba wonke. Mhlawumbe ukunambitheka komzimba wonke kusiza ama-moray eels ahlala ezindaweni ezihlala kuwo, emifantwini, emihumeni emincane engaphansi kwamanzi, ukuzwa nokuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani eduze kwakhe, nobani noma yini eduze kwakhe.

Ikhanda le-moray eel lingena kahle emzimbeni. Lolu shintsho alunakubonwa, kufaka phakathi ukuntuleka kokumboza kwama-gill. Izinhlanzi ezijwayelekile, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuhamba ngokuphuma ku-gill, kubhajwe amanzi emlonyeni, futhi kukhishwe ngesembozo se-gill. Ukungena kwe-Moray eels nokungena kwamanzi kuphume ngogesi, kwenziwa ngomlomo.Kungakho ivulelwa njalo bona.

Ukuqala kwensimbi, inhlawulo yedorali ihlangana ekugcineni kwekhanda kanye nokuguqukela esiqwini. Inhlawulo ifinyelela yonke indlela eya emsileni. Kwezinye izinhlobo, kuyabonakala futhi kwenza ukuthi izinhlanzi zifane neribhoni, kwezinye kuvezwe buthaka, ama-eels anje anjengezinyoka.

I-caudal fin isandiso semvelo sokuphela okucwengekile kwesiqu. Akuhlukanisiwe kumaphesenti aphansi futhi ayinazindawo ezifuywayo. Indima yayo ekuhleleni ukunyakaza kwezinhlanzi inesizotha, ngakho-ke imali incane.

Izinhlanzi eziku-oda le-eelaceae azinamaphiko we-ventral; izinhlobo eziningi azinamaphiko we-pectoral. Ngenxa yalokho, iqembu lase-Uganda, igama lesayensi le-Anguilliformes, lanikezwa igama eliphakathi elithi Apode, elisho ukuthi "awunamlenze."

Ezinhlanzini ezijwayelekile, lapho zihamba, umzimba uyagoba, kodwa kancane. Ukujikisa okunamandla kakhulu kuwela emsileni fin. Eelsels and moray eels, kubandakanya, umzimba ugoba lonke ubude bawo ngokulingana okufanayo.

Ngenxa yokunyakaza okufana negagasi, ama-eay moray ahamba emanzini. Ijubane eliphakeme alikwazi ukufinyelelwa ngale ndlela, kepha amandla asetshenziswa ngokwezomnotho. Ama-Moray eels afuna ukudla phakathi kwamatshe namakhorali. Esimweni esinjalo, izici zejubane azibalulekile ikakhulukazi.

Ukufana nenyoka kuhlanganiswa nokungabikho kwesikali. Isikhumba se-Moray simbozwe ngegrisi yama-mucous. Umbala wehluke kakhulu. Moray esithombeni kuvame ukuvela ngengubo yemikhosi, ezilwandle ezishisayo i-multicolor enjalo ingasebenza njengokufihla.

I-genus moray eels ilunga lomndeni Muraenidae, i.e. moray eels. Iqukethe enye i-genera eyi-15 kanye nezinhlobo ezingama-200 zezinhlanzi. I-10 kuphela engabhekwa njengeyi-Moray eels enjalo.

IMuraena appendiculata - ihlala emanzini ePacific ngasogwini lwaseChile.
I-Muraena argus yizinhlobo zomhlaba wonke. Kutholakala eGalapagoss, ogwini lweMexico, ePeru.
IMuraena augusti - etholakala olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean, emanzini aseduze naseNyakatho Afrika kanye nasogwini oluseningizimu yeYurophu. Ihluka ngombala oyingqayizivele: amachashazi angavamile angaqhamuki onwemuva elimnyama.
IMuraena clepsydra - uhla luhlanganisa amanzi asogwini lwaseMexico, ePanama, eCosta Rica, naseColombia.
Muraena helena - Ngaphezu kolwandle iMedithera, kutholakala empumalanga ye-Atlantic. Waziwa ngamagama: iMedithera, i-European moray eel. Ngenxa yobubanzi bawo, waziwa kakhulu nge-scuba divers kanye ne-ichthyologists.
IMuraena lentiginosa - ngaphezu kwendawo engokomdabu, engasempumalanga yePacific, ibonakala emadolobheni asekhaya, ngenxa yobude bawo obulinganayo nombala obukekayo.
Muraena melanotis - lokhu imonto eels endaweni eshisayo yase-Atlantic, entshonalanga, nasezingxenyeni zayo ezisempumalanga.
IMuraena pavonina - eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-moray eel ebonakalayo. Indawo yakhona ingamanzi afudumele e-Atlantic.
UMuraena retifera - ukuphinda kubuye isimilo eel. Kwakukulesi zinhlobo lapho kwatholakala khona umhlathi we-pharyngeal.
IMuraena robusta - ihlala e-Atlantic, etholakala kakhulu olwandle nasempumalanga nolwandle.

Lapho uchaza izinhlobo zama-eel moray, kuvame ukuba ngumbuzo wama-giant Moray eels. Le nhlanzi iyingxenye ye-genus Gimnothorax, igama lesistimu: Gymnothorax. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-120 kulolu hlobo. Zonke ziyafana kakhulu nezinhlanzi ezingokwesizukulwane se-moraine, igama lesayensi lohlobo: Muraena. Akumangazi ukuthi ama-moray eels nama-hymnothorax angabomndeni owodwa. Ama-hymnothoraxes amaningi egameni elivamile anamagama athi "moray". Isibonelo: okuluhlaza okotshani, ikalikuni, amanzi amasha kanye ne-giay eayel eels.

Okuthandwa kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bawo nobubi bayo yizinhlobo ezinkulu ze-moray eel. Le nhlanzi inegama elibonisa kahle ubulili - iJavanese hymnothorax, ngesiLatini: Gymnothorax javanicus.

Ngaphezu kwe-hymnothorax, kunolunye uhlobo, oluvame ukushiwo encazelweni yama-moray eels - lawa yi-megadera. Ngaphandle, zihlukile kuma-eel moray eqiniso. Isici esiyinhloko ngamazinyo anamandla i-echidna morays egaya ngawo amagobolondo e-mollusks, ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko. Igama le-megadera linezimpawu ezifanayo: echidna ne-moray echidna. Uhlobo aluningi: zinhlobo eziyi-11 kuphela.

I-Echidna amblyodon - ihlala endaweni yeziqhingi zase-Indonesia. Indawo yathola igama elithi Sulawesian moray eel.
I-Echidna catenata - i-chain moray eel. Kutholakala ogwini, emanzini esiqhingi asentshonalanga ye-Atlantic. Idumile phakathi kwama-aquarists.
I-Echidna delicatula. Elinye igama lale nhlanzi yi-moray echidna emnandi. Ihlala ezihlahleni zamakhorali, eduze kwaseSri Lanka, Samoa, iziqhingi eziseningizimu yeJapan.
I-Echidna leucotaenia - i-eel emhlophe ebheke ebusweni. Ihlala emanzini angajulile eduze kwesiqhingi sase-Line, eTuamotu, eJohnston.
Echidna nebulosa. Uhla lwayo yiMicronesia, ugu olusempumalanga ye-Afrika, iHawaii. Le nhlanzi ingabonakala kuma-aquariums. Amagama ajwayelekile yi-moraine-snowflake, enomumo wenkanyezi noma inkanyezi Moray eel.
I-Echidna nocturna - ngokuba khona, izinhlanzi zakhetha iGulf of California, amanzi asogwini lwasePeru, iGalapagossa.
I-Echidna isithombe - eyaziwa ngokuthi i-pebble moray eel. Ihlala empumalanga ye-Atlantic.
I-Echidna polyzona - imicu evundile noma ingwe e-eel, eel-zebra. Onke amagama atholakala ngombala oyingqayizivele. Uhla lwaso luLwandle Olubomvu, iziqhingi eziphakathi kweMpumalanga Afrika neGreat Barrier Reef, eHawaii.
I-Echidna rhodochilus - eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-pink-eyed moray eel. Ihlala eduze kweNdiya nePhilippines.
I-Echidna unicolor - umbala owodwa we-moray eel, otholakala phakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali asePacific.
I-Echidna xanthospilos - yaqonda emanzini asogwini leziqhingi zase-Indonesia nasePapua New Guinea.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Moray eels olwandle

Isikhathi sokuzalela kwama-moray eels siba phakathi nenkathi yesikhathi sasebusika - cishe ngoDisemba noma ngoFebhuwari, kuya ngokushisa kwamanzi. Ama-Moray eels abhukuda emanzini angajulile, ashiye izindawo zawo zokukhosela. Lapho bavele, bavele bashiye khona lapho, bezintanta khona ukuze bondle okunye. Ngemuva kwezinsikazi, abesilisa babhukuda baye endaweni yokwakha. Zifaka amaqanda, kepha ngasikhathi sinye zikwenza ngokungahleliwe nangokungahleliwe, ngakho-ke i-clutch eyodwa ingavundiswa ngabesilisa abaningana. Ama-Moray eels abizwa nge-leptocephalus.

Ama-Moray eels, aqhekeka kumaqanda cishe amasonto amabili, aphathwa ngeplankton. Ama-elay Moray eels an usayizi ongekho ngaphezulu kwe-10 mm., Ngakho-ke asengozini enkulu - akukho ngaphezu kweseli elilodwa lokuphuma kulikhulu elisindayo kumuntu omdala. Moray eels ifinyelela ekukhuleni kuphela eneminyaka eyisithupha. Ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, abantu abalungele ukuzalanisa bayenqaba ukubeka amaqanda ngoba azizwa ukuqala kwesikhathi sobusika. Lokhu kuholela ekunciphiseni kwenombolo yama-eel morel. Sekukonke, ama-e-moray eels ahlala endle iminyaka engaba ngu-36, ekhaya, isikhathi sokuphila singakhuphuka size sifinyelele ku-50.

Ukusakazeka kwama-eay Moray kuyinkimbinkimbi. Abafuyi bezinkampani ezizimele abakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngemibandela yama-eel moray efanelekile ukudala ukwakheka. Imvamisa izidlo ezi-moray zidla i-caviar yazo noma zenqabe ukuyiqeda ngokuphelele. Ukukhishwa kabusha kwama-eel moray eels kwenziwa ngabachwepheshe abatshala izinhlanzi ezindaweni zokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi.

Izitha zemvelo ukuwohloka kwezihlakala

Isithombe: Inhlanzi yaseMoray

Ama-Moray eels, njengomthetho, asephezulu kwephakethe lokudla, ngakho-ke awunazitha zemvelo. Ngokuya ngohlobo nosayizi, izinyamazane ezahlukahlukene zingabahlasela, kepha lokhu kungazijikisa. Ama-Giant moray eels uqobo angakwazi ukuhlasela oshaka basemanzini lapho bezama ukuhlasela ama-eel morel. I-Moray eel ayikwazi ukugwinya ushaka womhlanga, ngakho-ke kungcono ikulume ucezu lwayo, emva kwalokho inhlanzi izofa ngenxa yokopha.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Amawele ama-moray eels asetshenziselwa ukujezisa izigebengu e-Roma yasendulo - owesilisa wehliselwa echibini waya ezindlini zokulala ezazilambile ukuze acekelwe phansi.

Kwakunecala elirekhodiwe lomsizi omkhulu we-moray eel ehlasela ushaka wehlosi, ngemuva kwalokho ushaka kwadingeka abaleke. Ukuhlaselwa kwama-giel wama-giay eels kanye ne-scuba divers kujwayelekile, ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lunolaka, ngakho-ke aludingi ngisho ukucasulwa. Ama-eel Moray ajwayele ukuzingela ama-octopus, kepha kwesinye isikhathi awabali amandla awo. Ngokungafani nama-eel Moray, ama-octopus angenye yezakhamizi zasemanzini ezihlakaniphe kakhulu.Ama-octopus amakhulu ayakwazi ukuzivikela kuma-eel mory futhi ahlasele ekulimaleni okubi kakhulu noma ekufeni. I-Octopus ne-moray eel zibhekwa njengezitha ezimbi kakhulu zedlozi.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Ngabe kubukeka kanjani moray eel?

Ama-eel Moray awakaze abe sengozini yokuqothulwa. Azinanzuzo yokudla kwabazingela olwandle futhi ziyizakhamuzi zasemanzini eziyingozi. Akukho ukudoba okunenjongo kwama-moray eels, noma kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi abantu abathile babanjwa ngabantu ukuthi badle. Ama-Moray eels abhekwa njengezibiliboco. Ngokufanisa nezinhlanzi ezi-puffer, kufanele kuphekwe kahle, ngoba ezinye izitho zama-eel ezondile noma ama-eay moray e-subspecies athile angaba yingozi. Ubuthi be-Moray eel bungadala ukuqina kwesisu, ukopha kwangaphakathi nomonakalo wezinzwa.

Isitsha esidumile yi-moraine ceviche. I-Moray eel ifakwa ku-lime noma kulamula kalamula, ngemuva kwalokho inqunywe izingcezu bese inikwa okuluhlaza okunye ukudla kwasolwandle. Isitsha esinjalo siyingozi kakhulu, ngoba inyama eluhlaza eyel eel ingadala imiphumela engalindelekile. Noma kuphawulwe ukuthi inyama ye-moray inethembile, inambitha njenge-eel. Ama-Moray eels agcinwa ekhaya. Ukuziphatha kwabo kuma-aquariums kungahluka, ikakhulukazi uma ama-eay e-moray egcwele abantu ngokufakelwa lapho, futhi engaphikiswa kusuka kubazalisi. Kwesinye isikhathi zingabonakala ezindaweni zasemanzini zezindawo zokuthenga, kodwa ama-eay e-moray awahlali lapho isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi ngenxa yengcindezi engapheli.

Moray eel oxosha abanye abantu ngokubukeka kwabo, kepha khanga abanye ngokuhamba okunomusa nokufa kwabo. Ngisho ne-eel encane ye-moray eel ingaphezulu kwekhonkolo lokudla, ngaphandle kokwesaba izinyamazane ezinkulu noshaka. Ama-Moray eels anezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, ziyahlukahluka ngombala nosayizi, ezinye zazo ezingagcinwa kalula ekhaya.

Umhlathi ophindwe kabili

Izinyo elibukhali le-Gigantic lisiza ama-eay Moray ukubhekana ngokushesha nokuhlaselwa. Emlonyeni walesi silwane esingesihle, akukho namabili, kodwa ngababili. Owokuqala yilapho kufanele ube khona, owesibili uku-pharynx. Kungakho kunenganekwane yokuthi kwakungu-moray eel owayesebenza njengophawu wesilo esivela ku-movie ethi "Alien", eyayinomhlathi wesibili, ongaqondakali.

Umhlathi wesibili wama-moray eels udlulela cishe eduze nowokuqala, kufanelekile ukuxhwila ukubhukuda eduze nomzingeli. Umhlathi wangemuva wenzelwe ukugaya ukudla. Lesi sakhiwo somqondo womlomo wesilwane asishiyi isisulu ithuba lokusindiswa.

Ukusebenza

AmaRoma amabili adumile - abathandi balezi zidalwa - ayengabasebenzi, njengoba bezosho namhlanje, abasebenza ngokuqonda: abahleli. Imbangi kaCicero uQuintus Hortensius wayehlala engenisa imali kubo bonke abadobi baseNaples, ethenga konke ukubamba ukuze ondle lawo makhuba emachibini abo zemabula. Futhi uzakwabo emkhakheni wezokusebenza uLucius Crassus wayenenhlanzi eyisimanga futhi wayekhala lapho efa.

AmaRoma ahlakaniphile kangako, kepha anokhahlo olubi ngesinye isikhathi ayefuna ukondla izithandwa zawo ezinenkani. IVedi Pollion, umsekeli ka-Octavian Augustus, wayekuthanda lokhu "ukuzijabulisa" futhi wake wazama ukubulala ngale ndlela inceku eyophule isigqebhezana esiyigugu. Wancenga u-Augustus ukuba athole isihe, futhi umbusi wamane waphula yonke eminye imibono. Ngikwenze kahle.

UMaine Coon Character

Abamele lo mfuziselo ukhunjulwa kubafuyi nabaninindlu ngomlingiswa onothando omangalisayo, onomusa, hhayi okokucasukela noma ukucasuka.

Ukuzola igama labo eliphakathi, njengokuthula nobungani. AbakwaMaine Coons abaze baziphoqe futhi bakhetha ukuhlala kude, bangazihluphi umniniyo.

Ikati laseSiberia - umlando wohlobo, incazelo, umlingiswa kanye nemikhuba + izithombe ezingama-95

Ikati laseMpumalanga - umlando wohlobo lokuzalwa, izindinganiso zesimanje, umlingiswa, ukunakekelwa, ukondliwa + kwezithombe ezingama-83

I-Burmese - ikati njenge-talisman, inhlanzeko nempilo, uhlobo lwezithombe + zohlobo lwe-96

Amakati anikelwe enkosini yawo aqaphela angabazi futhi akhetha ukuba kude nabo, kwesinye isikhathi abakuboni nhlobo.

Kodwa-ke, ngokubheka isimo esizolile, ngeke kube nzima ukusungula ubudlelwano nonogada wendlu, kepha akufanele ubeke “umdondoshiya” ethangeni lakho futhi uzihluphe ngokunaka ngokweqile emizuzwini yokuqala yokuxhumana. Ngezinye izikhathi abajabuli uthando lomnikazi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungaziphoqi kumakati kaMaine Coon.

Linda, mvumele akujwayele futhi konke kuzohamba njengokusebenza kwewashi. Kodwa-ke, kuthule nokuzola kuzinhlobo zamakati, uthando lomsebenzi nalo lugxilisiwe - uhlobo olusondele kakhulu luhlala endaweni encane. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi angathandi amafulethi athambile, kufanele athengwe iMaine Coons uma kunendlu yangasese noma ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhamba.

Iyadida futhi inobuthi

Abamele abakwaMurenov baziwa kakhulu ngabantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo futhi banodumo lwezidalwa eziphilayo ezinolaka nezinoshevu. Zonke izinhlobo zikhulu impela: kusuka kumasentimitha angama-60 kuya cishe kwamamitha amane. Izici zokubukeka:

Umzimba mude kakhulu futhi uthambile kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, emuva kwawo kunciphile, futhi phakathi nengxenye yangaphambili kuqine.
Awekho amaphiko we-pectoral, kepha i-dorsal yinde kakhulu, futhi ilula umhlane wonke.
Isizungwana sivele kancane sinezamehlo amancane nomlomo omkhulu, cishe ovulekile njalo ogcwele amazinyo abukhali.

Umlomo ovulekile namehlo aqandisiwe

Esithombeni senhlanzi ye-moray eel, umlomo omkhulu ovulekile onamazinyo abukhali ubonakala kahle. Amazinyo alezi zidlova awawona maningi (ngaphansi kweshumi elinesithathu), atholakala emgqeni owodwa futhi agobile kancane emuva.

Kodwa-ke, ezinhlotsheni ezidla ama-crustaceans, amazinyo awabukeki kakhulu futhi azinike ithuba lokuchoboza amagobolondo e-crab aqinile. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zigcina umlomo wazo uvulekile njalo ngenxa yamazinyo amakhulu kakhulu. Isizathu sihlukile: isidingo sokupompa amanzi ngokuqhubekayo ngomlomo, ngoba ekubeni sendlini yokukhosela isikhathi esiningi, i-moray eel ayinayo njalo ukungena kwamanzi amasha kuya kumagalari.

Isisulu esilinde isikhathi eside silindele inyamazane ihlotshaniswa namehlo abonakele aqandisiwe.

Okunye ukubukeka nokushona kwama-eels

Izinhlanzi zaseMorning azinazikali, isikhumba sibushelelezi futhi siminyene, simbozwe umumbu. Ngenxa ye-mucus, izinhlanzi zingena kalula kuma-minks ahlukahlukene nasezintanjeni ezizisebenzisayo njengezindawo zokuhlala. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, umiyane uvumela umphangi ukuba asheshe ukuphuma endaweni yokukhosela futhi ahlasele ohlaselayo.

Ama-gill slits aguqulwe ngemuva ngemuva futhi abukeka njengezimbobo ezincane ezi-oval; lesi sici sibonakala kahle esithombeni se-moray eels. Ezinye izinhlobo zinentethe emnyama ekuvulekeni gill.

Kokuvuleka okuningana kwamakhala, ukubhangqa okukodwa kunendlela yamakhala amade ngendlela yamashubhu noma amapheshana. Ividiyo yama-moray eels eyenziwe ku-Coex aquarium (Seoul) yenza sikwazi ukubona amashubhu aphuzi emakhaleni eqhwa leqhwa.

Imibala enjani i-moray eels?

Umbala wama-moray eels uvame ukungabonakali kahle, ulungele izimo ezungezile: umnyama onsundu, amathunzi ansundu, ovame ukufakwa amabala, kwezinye izinhlobo kungenzeka kube yi-monophonic noma umthele, okuhlukile ngaphandle (bheka ividiyo engezansi nge-zebra moray).

Umbala ogqamile ongeyona eye-moray eels uhlukanisa iribhoni i-rhinomurena (i-Rhinomuraena quaesita), okuthi, ngombala wayo oguqukayo kukho konke impilo, inamagama amaningana: i-erey ribbon eluhlaza, i-eel enemigqa emnyama kanye no-eel-striped. Igama elithi "eel" kulo mongo lisho kuphela ukuthi liyisihlobo esiseduze sama-eels futhi libhekisela eqenjini elinjenge-eel.

Umbala oguqukayo nobulili

I-Rhinomuraena quaesita) kanye ne (amphiprions) iyi-hermaphrodite ye-protandric. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abasha yibo bonke abesilisa, lapho sebefinyelele kubude bomzimba obungaphezulu kwamasentimitha angama-85, baba ngabesifazane.

Lapho ukuvuvukala kwalolu hlobo kukhula kathathu, umbala wazo uyashintsha:

Isikhumba sabancane sigcwele mnyama futhi sine-yellow dorsal fin ekhanyayo.
Njengoba sesifinyelele amasentimitha angamashumi ayisithupha ubude, amantombazane amancane aphenduka abesilisa abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imihlathi yawo iphenduka iphuzi.
Emadodeni, anobude bomzimba ongamasentimitha angama-85, kwenzeka ushintsho lobulili, baba ngabesifazane bese umbala womzimba uguquka kancane kancane usuka eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uphuzi. Izinsikazi zetayiphu yobhejane ophuzi.

Kungakhathalekile umbala wayo kanye nesimo sobulili (omncane, owesilisa noma owesimame), i-ribbon moray eel ingasibiza isimo sokukhetheke kunazo zonke phakathi kwama-moray eels: umzimba wayo mncane futhi mude, ufana nembambo.

Lesi sithombe esihle sigcwaliswa yi-muzzle ekhonjiwe ende ene-lobes ebunjiwe njengabalandeli ngaphezulu komhlathi ongenhla. Lezi zindawo zokuhlala ezinamaphaphu zishintshiwe, ngenxa yokuthi iRhinomuraena quaesita inelinye igama - lembuliwe moray eel.

Lezi zinhlanzi ezimangalisayo zihlala emanzini afudumele e-Indian and Pacific Oceans: phakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali, ezindaweni ezivulekile zamanzi, ezansi zazo zimbozwe ngesihlabathi noma ngesihlabathi. Zingangcwatshwa ngokuphelele esihlabathini, futhi ikhanda kuphela elinamabala abanzi ahlala libonakala ngaphandle.Cishe sonke lesi sikhathi obhejane bacasha emashalofini, okungamakhonkolo, okwenziwe ngaphakathi kwamatshe, emigedeni edwaleni.

Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe cishe ngokuphelele izinhlanzi ezincane. Baheha inyamazane ngokunyakaza okuhamba kahle kwesikhumba siphuma emthanjeni ophansi womhlathi ophansi. Bangadla ama-crustaceans, kodwa kuyaqabukela.

Imvelo nendlela yokuphila

Ama-Moray eels ayizakhamuzi zasolwandle kuphela ezihlala emanzini afudumele. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zalezi zinhlanzi eziyingqayizivele zibonwa oLwandlekazi i-Indian, ikakhulukazi oLwandle Olubomvu. Zitholakala olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean (Ulwandle iMedithera), kanye nasezindaweni ezithile zoLwandlekazi iPacific. Kwesinye isikhathi umbuzo uyavela: "Inhlanzi yase-European Moray eel." Lokhu ukwakhiwa okungalungile ngoba i-European moray eel (Muraena helena) ihlala kuphela emanzini olwandle: oLwandle iMedithera ogwini lwase-Atlantic lwase-Afrika.

Ama-Moray eels angabahlali abangaphansi, ngoba bakhetha ukuhlala phansi, cishe abonakali phezu kwamanzi. Zisebenza kakhulu ebusuku, lapho ziphuma ezindaweni zazo zokukhosela ukuze zizingele. Ntambama, bacasha kule mijondolo phakathi kwamatshe namatshe noma phakathi kwamakhorali. Ikhanda lingaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela futhi lihamba njalo: ngakho-ke ama-moray eels abheka inhlanzi edlula - inyamazane yayo.

Ingabe akhona ama-ery amanzi ase-moray eels?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezaziwayo zama-moray eels ezinamandla okuphila emanzini ezinosawoti oshintsha kakhulu. Le yi-Indian enodaka noma ngodaka i-moray eel (igama lesayensi iGymnothorax tile), elingamasentimitha angama-60 kuphela ubude, futhi ihlala olwandle olusentshonalanga lwePacific Ocean (ukusuka ogwini lwaseNdiya kuya esiQhingini sasePhilippine). Lolu hlobo luhlala ezifundeni zasogwini, kanye nasezingxenyeni zemihlume nasezigungwini, lapho usawoti uvame ukuguquka khona, futhi ubizwa ngokuthi "yi-new water moray eel". Kodwa-ke, leli gama likhuluma kuphela ngendawo yokudoba, kepha alisho indawo yokuphila oyithandayo. Le-moray eel ingaba emanzini afanelwe isikhathi eside, kepha ngokuqukethwe okuthandekayo kungcono ukuyibeka e-aquarium enamanzi kasawoti. Ngokudla okunempilo nezimo ezinhle, i-moray eel enamanzi angahlala ekudingisweni iminyaka engamashumi amathathu.

Ukudla, izitha nabangane be-moray eels

Zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingaphansi zingukudla kwama-moray eels, cephalopods (ngokuyinhloko ama-octopus, kanye nama-squids kanye ne-cuttlefish), ama-crustaceans (ama-shrimps amakhulu kanye namkhaza), nama-echinoderms ama-urchins olwandle. Zizingela ikakhulu ebusuku, kuthi phakathi nosuku zihlale ezindlini zazo (noma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala yemvelo phakathi kwamakhorali namadwala). Umuzwa wokuhogela uhlinzeka usizo oluyinhloko lokudla, futhi ama-eay e-moray ajwayele ukuzizwa inyamazana kusuka kude. Lapho nje lowo osengaba isisulu esengenzeka, umhlaseli ngokushesha uphuma ngaphandle kwendawo yakhe abambe amazinyo akhe abukhali.

Izitha ezisekuhambeni kokufika azikho.Yize kunjalo, bahlala bahlala emashalofini, futhi bambalwa abafuna ukulwa nenhlanzi enkulu nenamandla, enomlomo onamazinyo abukhali e-arriers yayo. Ezikhathini ezingavamile zokubhukuda kwamahhala, ama-ery moray angaxoshwa enye inhlanzi, kodwa ngokushesha acasha ngesikejana esiseduze. Kunezinhlobo ezingakwazi ukwexuka zibaxoshe noma kungaba nomhlaba, ziye endaweni ephephile.

Izinhlanzi ezi-Moray zingesigaba sezinhlanzi ezi-ray. Wonke ama-moray eels ahlanganiswe kuhlobo oluthile, oluqukethe izinhlobo eziyi-12. Bahlala olwandle lwaseNdiya, Pacific kanye nolwandle i-Atlantic, bayizakhamuzi zokuqala zaseMedithera naseLwandle Olubomvu. Lezi zinhlanzi ezidliwayo zihlala emanzini asogwini futhi zivame ukutholakala eduze kwamadwala angaphansi kwamanzi nasezivikelweni zamakhorali. Zithanda ukuphumula emihumeni engaphansi kwamanzi nakwezinye izindawo zokugcina zemvelo.

Yini ephawuleka ngalezi zinhlanzi zasemanzini? Ngokubukeka, afana nama-eel. Umzimba mude, isikhumba sibushelelezi ngaphandle kwesikali futhi sinemibala ehlukahlukene. Inombala onsundu ikakhulu amabala amakhulu aphuzi, lapho kukhona khona amabala amnyama amnyama. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, inhlamvu ende isuka ekhanda iye emuva. Zonke izinhlobo zingenawo umgqumo we-pectoral ne-ventral.

Umlomo ubanzi, nemihlathi iqine kakhulu. Bahlome ngamazinyo abukhali, ngosizo olungabanjwa inyamazane kuphela, kodwa futhi nezilonda ezibucayi futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziyenziwa. Ama-Moray eels anolaka ngokwemvelo futhi ngenxa yalokho ayingozi ebantwini. Abadobi bayabakhathalela.

Ukulunywa yilomjaha wasolwandle kubuhlungu kakhulu. Ngemuva kokulunywa, inhlanzi ingabambelela ngokuqinile endaweni yokukuluma, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuyikhipha. Imiphumela yokulunywa okunjalo ayimnandi neze, ngoba umosa wezinhlanzi ezi-moray uqukethe izinto ezinobuthi kubantu. Isilonda siyalapholisa isikhathi eside, siyalimaza, siqhume, ngenxa yalokho, sibangele ukungaphatheki kahle. Kukhona izehlakalo ezirekhodiwe lapho ukulunywa kwale nhlanzi kubangele umphumela obulalayo.

Lesi simo sibuye sibhebhetheke kakhulu ukuthi abamele lolu hlobo lobuciko banalo umhlathi owengeziwe we-pharyngeal emphinjeni. Kuyinto ephathekayo futhi ingathuthukiswa ukusiza umhlathi oyinhloko ubambe inyamazane yayo. Ngakho-ke, kuyaqondakala ukuthi kungani kunzima kakhulu ukungathululi inyamazane inamathele esikhunjeni. Umuntu olumayo akawuvali kahle umhlathi ophambili, kepha izinhlanzi azikahlali, njengoba lokhu kuvinjelwa umhlathi we-pharyngeal.

Ekugcineni, abamele izinhlobo bangakhula babe ngamamitha elilodwa nesigamu, futhi isisindo somuntu ngamunye singaba ngu-40 kg. Kepha inqwaba yalezi zinhlanzi ayidluli imitha eyi-1 ubude futhi inesisindo esingu-15 kg. Kodwa-ke, izinkomba ezinesizotha ezinjalo aziyinciphisi ingozi yazo kubantu. Ngisho nenhlanzi encane ye-moray eel ingadala amanxeba amakhulu futhi ajulile azophola isikhathi eside kakhulu.

ERoma lasendulo, lezi zinhlanzi zazibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi. Babelotshwe emachibini akhethekile nasemanzini amakhulu. Wakhonza etafuleni ngezinsuku zamaholide amahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zazidliwa kakhulu ngabantu abacebile, ngoba abampofu babengenakukwazi ukukhulisa ama-eel moray. Izinyoni zasolwandle ngokwazo zidla izinhlanzi ezincane. Ungukudla okuyinhloko kokudla kwabo. Inani lalolu hlobo ngokuya ngezigaba ze-IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) kudala ukungakhathaleki okuncane.

I-Giant moray (lat.Gymnothorax javanicus) (English Giant moray). Isithombe ngu-Andrey Narchuk

Lokhu kungenye yezinhlangothi ezimnyama zama-eel moray. Kepha ingabe zimbi kakhulu futhi ziyingozi kubantu? Impendulo ithi cha! Iningi lokuhlaselwa kwe-moray eel kubantu kwenzeka kuphela ngephutha lomuntu. Futhi kunjalo! Ayikho into yokudambisa inyamazane enamazinyo amade futhi abukhali njengezindatshana.

Umuzi wakhe ungamanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nashubisayo olwandlekazi lwePacific nolwaseNdiya, uLwandle Olubomvu, ugu lweziqhingi zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, New Caledonia ne-Australia.

Njengabo bonke abameleli bama-e-moray eels, i-giant moray eel igwema amanzi avulekile futhi ithanda ukucasha ezindaweni zokugcina ezithembekile ezisekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-50.

I-Giant Moray ne-Cleaner

Umhlathi pharyngeal uboniswa ngumcibisholo

Hhawu-ke manje othenjisiwe - imininingwane emincane ethokozisayo mayelana nokuzingela okuhlanganyelayo kwama-giant moray eels nama-bass olwandle - omunye umuntu ohlala emhlabeni ongaphansi kwamanzi.

I-Moray eel kanye ne-bass yolwandle

Kuncane okwaziwayo mayelana nenqubo yokuzalanisa ama-giay eay giant. Njengezinye izinhlobo, izala kabusha nge-caviar.Imvamisa, izinsikazi eziningana zibuthana emanzini angajulile, lapho zizalela khona amaqanda, lapho-ke zivuthwa ngabesilisa. Imvamisa amaqanda ahamba emanzini kanye nemisinga yolwandle futhi athwalwa amabanga amade.

Ama-hat a-moray eels aboshiwe adla ku-zooplankton aze akhule. Ngemuva kwalokho bathuthela ezigodini zamakhorali noma ezingxiniwe, babalekela ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, iningi loshaka.

Ukuhlanza ngomlomo

Umhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi uyindawo ehlukile. Zingaki izidalwa ezingajwayelekile ezitholakala lapha! Elinye lamakilasi ahlukahlukane kakhulu ezilwane zasemanzini angabizwa ngokuthi inhlanzi, ngoba phakathi kwazo kunezidalwa ezingabukeki neze njengezinhlanzi ekuqaleni kokubona. Inhlanzi ye-Moray eel ingesinye sommeleli onjalo. Lezi zilwane ezinkulu, ezinge-oda le-eelaceae, umndeni we-moraine, zikhumbuza kakhulu izinyoka, hhayi izinhlanzi.

Yiziphi izifo ezinhlanzini?

Uma yonke imibandela edaliwe ifana nendawo yokuhlala yendawo ye-moray eel, khona-ke izokwazi ukubekezelela okuningi, njenganoma iyiphi enye inhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, uma izimo zokuboshwa zephulwa futhi i-pockmark ibe kulezo zimo isikhathi eside, izinkinga zempilo ngeke zibe zinde.

Namuhla, kukhona amakhulu ezifo zezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Njengomthetho, isizathu simi ngokulandelayo: ukuhlelwa okungafanele kwe-aquarium nokunakekelwa okungafanele. Izizathu eziyinhloko:

Amanzi asemanzini awazange athathwe isikhathi eside futhi angcolile kakhulu.
Amanzi enhlanzi awatholakalanga kahle.
Ukuhlelwa okungekuhle kwe-aquarium: azikho izindawo zokukhosela, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kakhulu, amanzi ashisayo noma amakhaza kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingafanelekile zabekwa e-aquarium eyodwa.
Ukudla okungasebenzi kahle, ukunikezwa okwanele kwamavithamini nezinto ezidingekayo zokudoba izinhlanzi.

Kunoma yikuphi, noma yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihlukile zidinga ukunakekelwa okuseduze nokunakekelwa okufanele. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthenga i-moray eel, buza abanikazi balesi sici ukuthi yini ezinye izinhlanzi ezinazo nokuthi yini okudingeka uyicabangele ukuze uvikele izinkinga ezingaba khona ngokugcina esikhathini esizayo.

indlela yokwenza amanzi we-aquarium abe sobala

Okwe-exotic - kochwepheshe

Ngokunikezwe kokungaphezulu nangeminye imiqondo, ukuhlelwa kwendawo yokugcina okwenziwe ngama-moray eels kugcwele ubunzima obuningana futhi kudinga ukubamba iqhaza kwabasizi bamanzi abanolwazi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kunamathuba amaningi okuchitha isikhathi, imali nempilo ngeze, lezi ezifuywayo zakho "ezingenasisekelo" nezakho.

Lapho u-oda nge-aquarium evela kochwepheshe bethu ngokuhlobisa nokuhlala, ungaqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi "izilo zakho ezibukekayo" zizozizwa zizinhle empilweni yazo yonke, isikhathi lapho ekudingisweni ngokulondolozwa okufanele kanye nokudla okufanele kufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10-12.

Mhlawumbe usuvele unayo i-aquarium, kodwa idinga ukulungiswa, eyenziwe yesimanjemanje. Noma uvele ufuna ukufaka endaweni yokubuka okucasulayo nezinhlobo zezinhlobo ngokuthile okusha, futhi ukukhetha kwehla ngokuxhamazela. Sifeza izifiso zakho:

sizolungisa i-aquarium, sibeke imishini engasebenzi futhi sikhethe izihlungi ngamandla anele,
masakhe isikhala esingaphakathi sedala lokufakelwa se-eel "e-picky"
siyigcwalisa ngabantu abanempilo, abancane, abasebenzayo asebehlaliswe yedwa epulazini lethu le-aquarium.

Usuku Lwenziwe: 09/02/2019

Ukwethuswa. Kuhle!

Izici ezintathu zokuziphatha zama-eel moray cishe zivame ukubangela ukwesaba kulabo abahlangana nabo okokuqala:

okufana nenyoka, okunesikhumba, okungekho esikalini, amaphiko asesiswini nawesikhumba, kanye nokunyakaza okunesimo esifana nokuhamba kwenyoka,

Ngokubheka ukwakheka komzimba nokunyakaza, ama-eel moray afana nezinyoka.

"Inkulumo embi" yeso,
umlomo omkhulu, onamazinyo abukhali ohlale evula njalo.

Ngasikhathi sinjalo, "ukubukeka okwesabekayo" okunjalo kanye nemibala ehlukahlukene nokuziphatha okungajwayelekile okuheha ukunaka kwama-eller eel, ikakhulukazi phakathi nenqubo yokondla.

Imibala ehlukahlukene nemilo - esinye sezizathu zokuthandwa phakathi kwama-aquarists

Indlela yokuba

I-Moray eel yinhlanzi eholela ebusuku. Emini, inyamazane ihlala buthule emifantwini edwala noma ethafeni lamakhorali, kuthi lapho kuba mnyama iyazingela. Izisulu zayo ziyizinhlanzi ezincane, umqhele, ama-octopus nama-cephalopods.

Phakathi kwama-moray eels, kunezinhlobo eziphilayo ezikhethekile kuma-urchins wasolwandle. Ubuhle obunjalo bungaqashelwa ukwakheka kwamazinyo abo. Zilungele kahle ukwephula amagobolondo avulekile.

By way, ukubukela ama-eay e-moray akuyona into emnandi kakhulu. Ukhipha isisulu sibe yizicucwana ngamazinyo aso, futhi emzuzwini akukho okusalayo kuye.

Futhi i-moray eel i-octopus iqhutshelwa kwenye i-crevice ethile, futhi, lapho ibeke ikhanda layo lapho, isula itabernakele ngemuva kwetende kuze kudliwe konke.

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