Ngaphandle kwalokho okuhlanganisiwe

Amangqina wengulube ka-Babiruss ayakhula

Isikhathi, amasonto nezinsuku zidlula

Futhi ubuchopho bengulube bugcwele izimbobo.

Sanibonani bangani! Namuhla kuwe okuncane okuphathelene nengulube eyisimanga emhlabeni.

IBabirussa (noma kusuka kolunye “ulimi lwenyamazane”) imnandi kakhulu, kodwa futhi nengulube eyisimanga kakhulu. Kwabesilisa, ama-fangs akhula ngezindebe ezingaphezulu, okuthi lapho zikhula, zisonteke emuva bese zikhula zibe yithambo langaphambili, ngemuva kwalokho kwesinye isikhathi isigaxa siyoma. Kuphinde kukhethwe imvelo, kuphinde kube ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okumnandi. Ngenxa yemisila ekhula egebhezini, izilwane zivame ukufela ekuqaleni kwamandla.

Abalingani bethu bahlala esiqhingini sempi sase-Indonesia esibizwa ngokuthi yiSulawesi (bese kuthi ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho).

Izingulube ziyakwazi ukunamathela kusuka ezinyangeni eziyi-10, zizale amawundlu ama-2, imvamisa ezobulili obufanayo.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Ukuqalwa kokuqala kwaleli fomu elimangalisayo labhalwa ngonyaka we-1658, kunombono wokuthi amaRoma afunda ngokuba khona kukaBabiruss ngekhulu lokuqala. Elinye lamagama okuqala ezilwane atholakala ngo-1758. Kuhunyushwe kususelwa olimini lwesiMalay, igama elithi babirusa lisho ingulube yenyathi, kepha ngaphandle kokuhlukahluka okuningi, amababirus abukeka kakhulu njengezingulube.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo oluthile lwesayensi, kufakazelwa ukuthi le subspecies ihlobene kakhulu nemvubu. Kuze kube muva nje, izilwane bezifakwa ohlotsheni olulodwa, kepha ngemuva kwezifundo eziningiliziwe zokungafani kwazo ekwakhekeni kogebhezi, amazinyo, ubukhulu kanye nejazi.

Izazi zesifo sezinhlungu zikhombe izindlela ezi-4 eziphambili:

• babyrousa babyrussa. Lokhu okubhalwe phansi kwezilwane ezitholakala eziqhingini zaseBuru naseSula, nginebala elikhanyayo kakhulu, isikhumba esincanyana, cishe esingenalo uwele,
• babyrousa bolabatuensis. Izilwane ezihlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yesiqhingi saseSulawesi,
• babyrousa celebensis. UBabiruss Sulawesi, obambe inkunzi eSulawesi, ngaphandle kwaseningizimu yesiqhingi, unesikhumba esimnyama,
• babyrousa togeanensis. Inani labantu eliseziqhingini ezincane zesiqhingi esihle saseTogian.

Ukwehluka okukhona phakathi kwabantu nokuhlukaniswa kwabo ngokuqondile kuncike kwimvelo yendawo, indlela yokuphila kanye nokudla kwabo, noma kunjalo, ucwaningo olunzulu lwe-babirus luthathelwa ukuncipha okukhulu kwabantu babo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngokungezelela ezinhlotsheni ezikhona, bekukhona okunye okukhonjisiwe okungazange kusinde kuze kube manje.

Ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo zezingulube, ama-babiruss awalokothi abambe emhlabathini, ngaphandle kwenhlabathi eshisayo, ehlala yedwa noma emihlanjini emincane, athathwa njengemithi yehlathi.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Isithombe: Ingulube yeBabiruss

Isici esiyinhloko kanye nesici esihlukanisayo salezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo ezihlotsheni zazo ezingulubeni zingamafangqa angajwayelekile agobile. Ama-canines akhuphuka akhula kuyo yonke impilo, agobhoza phambi kwesihlakala. Uma zingagqokwa noma ziphukile, ngesikhathi sokulwa nabanye abantu, ngenxa yesikhumba esincanyana, amafangs akhula emizimbeni yabo, akha indandatho. Ama -ksks anjalo angakhula afike kuma-30-40 cm futhi akhule ngqo kugebhezi.

Ngabe uhlala kuphi babirussa?

Photo: Babirussa ngemvelo

I-Babirussa ihlukile futhi ingenye yezinhlobo ezindala kakhulu zezilwane Emhlabeni, indawo yokuhlala egxile eziqhingini ezincane zase-Indonesia, okungukuthi eziqhingini zeziqhingi zaseMalay:

Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, lezi zilwane azikho kwenye indawo. Ngokomlando, ama-babirusses ayehlala esiqhingini sonke saseSulawesi, kepha ngekhulu le-19 anyamalala ngokuphelele eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesiqhingi.

Ngokungafani nezihlobo zabo zezingulube, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo azazi ukuthi zingamba kanjani umhlaba ukuze zifune izibungu, amabhungane nokunye ukudla. Ngakho-ke, ikakhulukazi zihlala eduze kwemifula yemifula, amachibi, enendawo enamatshe noma ezindaweni ezisezintabeni eduze nolwandle, lapho kulula khona ukuthola izitshalo ezinempilo. Ihlathi lemvula selibe yikhaya elithandekayo futhi okuwukuphela kwalo kwaBabiruss, lapho beklama indawo yabo, futhi phakathi nosuku lonke bahamba ezindleleni eziqinile beyofuna ukudla.

Ama-Barirussians ayizilwane ezisengozini enkulu, ngakho-ke ahlala ezindaweni ezingenazo izilwane ezidla ezinye, futhi ikakhulukazi avela kubantu, ekhuphuka ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka kakhulu zamahlathi emvula. Futhi, lesi silwane sitholakala ekudingisweni, ezindaweni eziseduze zasekhaya, lapho bezama ukunakekela nokwandisa inani lale mps eyingqayizivele.

Manje uyazi ukuthi ihlala kuphi isilwane iBabirussa. Asibone ukuthi kudliwa yini ingulube yasendle.

Ngabe babirussa badlani?

Isithombe: Isilwane saseBabirussa

Uhlelo lwesisu nokugaya lwe-babiruss lufana kakhulu nomzimba wezimvu nezinye izilwane ezihlafunayo kunezingulube. Izilwane zimunca kahle i-fiber, ngakho-ke ukudla kwazo okuyinhloko yizitshalo ezinamakhambi nezihlumela zezihlahla, ngenkathi zikwazi ukuma ngezinyawo zazo, zifinyelela amaqabunga akhula ezihlahleni.

Lawa ama-omnivores ukuthi, ngaphandle kwamaqabunga amnandi notshani, angadla:

Kepha ukuze adle ngama-larvae ezinambuzane ezinempilo noma izimpande zezitshalo, awasebenzisi ubuthi bawo nokuphuphuma kwawo, njengezingulube ezijwayelekile, kepha akhipha konke ngosizo lwenselo yawo enamandla. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bawo obukhulu, ama-babirusses angabhukuda abahle kakhulu, ayakujabulela ukuzicwilisela emanzini, angakwazi ukubhukuda awele umfula obanzi, akwazi ukubhekana nesimo samanje esinamandla, ajabulele izinhlanzi zasemfuleni noma izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Abantu abaningi bahlala ngasogwini lolwandle, bathola konke abakudingayo ngokudla kwabo phansi kolwandle, ezindaweni eziphansi.

Ama-piglets amancane adla ubisi lwebele izinyanga eziyisikhombisa, eziyisishiyagalombili, kepha lapho eseneminyaka eyi-10 andisa ukudla kwawo ngokudla okuqinile. Ezilwaneni zezilwane, ukudla kwezilwane kufaka utshani, hay, ulethisi, izaqathi, imango neminye imifino nezithelo eziningi.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Ngulube yasendle Babirussa

Ngenxa yokwehla ngokushesha kwenani lababurs, indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha kwabo akwaziwa ngokuphelele. Izilwane zikhetha indawo yokuhlala eyinkimbinkimbi, ukuze zivikeleke, zingaphumula futhi zibeke emadwaleni usuku lonke.

Abantu baphila bodwa, impilo eyodwa, abesifazane bangahlangana ngamaqembu amancane aqukethe abantu abasha kuphela. Umsebenzi wabo ophambili ubonwa phakathi nosuku, njengazo zonke izingulube, zithanda ukugcwala emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela zisusa izimuncagazi zesikhumba, noma kunjalo, ngokungafani nezingulube, azithandi ukuphonsa odakeni noma zizenzele umbhede wazo wotshani, kodwa zikhethe amadamu ahlanzekile noma indawo evulekile .

Abesilisa abesilisa bakwaBabiruss bavame ukulima isihlabathi esithambile, ngoba baguqa ngamadolo bese bephonsa amakhanda phambili, bakha umsele ojulile, lapho kuthi lapho benza isigaqa nezinhlwayiba, bagqamise amathe amabi. Izazi eziningi zezilwane zikholelwa ukuthi yile ndlela yeduna elenza ngayo umsebenzi wokulebhelisha okumnandi, kepha akukho mbono oqondile futhi ongathandeki.

Naphezu kwayo yonke ingozi abantu abahlangabezana nayo, ama-babirus anesimilo esinobungane, axhumana kalula, futhi ayasuswa ngokushesha. Ukuhlala isikhashana ekudingisweni, izilwane zingakhombisa intshiseko nenjabulo, phambi kwabantu abajwayele, ukugoqa umsila omuhle nekhanda. Konke lokhu kufaka i-babiruss njengezilwane ezibucayi nezisabelayo. Lezi zilwane ezinemvelo enhle zingakhombisa ulaka kuphela ezimweni ezimbalwa, lapho abesilisa belwela insikazi nalapho bevikela izingane zabo ezisanda kuzalwa.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Babirussa Cub

Ukuncipha kwesibalo salezinhlobo zezilwane ngokuyinhloko kubangelwa inzalo ephansi. Owesifazane unezindlala ezimbili kuphela ezinkulisa, okungukuthi, izingono ezimbili. Ngesinye isikhathi, angazala amawundlu angekho ngaphezulu kwamabili, ahlala ezelwe ngobulili obufanayo, lesi ngesinye isici esibalulekile sokuhlukanisa ubabruss ezihlotsheni zakhe ezingulubeni.

Ukuthomba ezingulubeni zanyamazane kwenzeka ngokushesha, ezinyangeni eziyi-10. Isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala kusuka kuJanuwari kuya ku-Agasti, lapho kuba nokulwa phakathi kwezimbangi zabesilisa, okugcina ngokuguga. Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane kuhlala izinyanga ezinhlanu. Ama-babirusses asanda kuzalwa awanemivimbo noma ukuzifihla esikhunjeni sawo, ezingaba yisisulu sabazingeli. Ubabusussa wesifazane uzibonakalisa njengomama onokwethenjelwa futhi okhathalelayo, uvikela izingane zakhe ngenkani kunoma iyiphi ingozi, uma kwenzeka ekhathazeka, angajaha ngisho nomuntu.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Inzuzo enkulu yalolu hlobo ukungamelana kwayo nezifo eziningi nokugomeka okuqinile, okungaphakathi ezingakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngakho. Naphezu kwakho konke ukuzithoba, ukuzalanisa akubi yindleko enkulu, ngenxa yenzalo encane.

Isikhathi sokuphila salaba bantu singaba isikhathi eside impela futhi sisukela eminyakeni engama-20 kuye kwengama-25, kepha lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ekudingisweni, ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokudla okunempilo. Endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo, ngenxa yokuhlaselwa njalo kwabazingeli nabazingeli, izilwane ziphila cishe iminyaka eyi-10.

Izitha Zemvelo zeBabirussa

Isithombe: Ingulube yeBabiruss

Ama-babiruss abantu abadala abe nokuzwa okuhle nokuhle kakhulu, okuzivumela ukuba ziphume ngempumelelo kunoma yikuphi ukusongela, kepha njengazo izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo, ama-babirus anezitha zawo. Cishe bonke abantu abazidlayo abahlala kule ndawo bangabikwa njengezitha zemvelo. Imvamisa, ukulwa phakathi kwenyamazane yengulube kungavela nehlosi, nabanye abamele umndeni wekati, ngoba kubantu abazidlayo kangaka, akukho lutho oluhlwabusayo kunenyama edliwayo yokudla kwababusussa.

Akunangozi kangako kunoma yisiphi isilwane, ikakhulukazi, ne-babirusa, yingwenya. Njengoba zihlala emanzini nogu lolwandle, zisabela kahle, ngakho izingwenya zibamba noma iyiphi inyamazane esondela emanzini. Ngokucabanga ngosayizi omncane nesikhumba esincanyana se-babirusa, kuba lula futhi kube nokuphila ngesiqhwaga esinjalo. Kubantu abancane nabancane, ama-pythons angahlasela kokubili emhlabeni nasemanzini agcwele ingozi enkulu. Iphakamisa izindandatho futhi ifinyeze inyamazane yayo, i-python ingaginya umuntu omkhulu kakhulu.

Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwezazi eziningi zezilwane, ama-babirus ahlala endaweni lapho izilwane ezinkulu ezizingelayo zingekho. Isitha esikhulu sezinhlobo sihlala singumuntu, sincisha izilwane indawo yazo yemvelo, zibulale izilwane ezisengozini ngezinhloso zazo.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi okuqhubekayo, kanye nokuzingela kusukela ngonyaka wama-90s, inani labantu lehlile futhi liyawohla nsuku zonke. Naphezu kwako konke ukwenqatshelwa, abahlali bendawo bayaqhubeka nokuzingela le nhlobo yezilwane ezingandile, besebenzisa izindlela ezinesihluku zokuzingela, ukushayela izinja, izilwane ezethusayo ukuba yizicupho futhi bazibulale ngonya. Inyama ye-Babiruss yaziswa kakhulu ngokuqina kwayo okukhethekile nokwakheka kokudla. Futhi izingwebu zesilwane zisebenza njengesisekelo sazo zonke izinhlobo zobuciko nezikhumbuzo.

Izici ezibalulekile ezithinta ukwehla kwenani lama-babirus:

• ukulawula okwanele ngokuzingela,
• ukukhula kwesiqhingi,
• ukugawulwa kwamahlathi.

Ngokuqondene nezibalo ezingaduduzi kangako, okwamanje kunezilwane ezingabalelwa kwezinkulungwane ezine. Kunezinhlelo eziningi zokuzalela emhlabeni wonke ukuze kwandiswe inani lalezi zingulube zasendle ekuthunjweni futhi zivikele ukuqothulwa kwazo ngokuphelele. Ezindizeni eziningi, kuphumelela impela hhayi kuphela ukunakekela ukunakekelwa okufanele, kodwa futhi nokuzalela inzalo esekudingisiwe. Ngokusho kwedatha yomlando, inzalo yokuqala eyathunjwa yakhuliswa eParis ngonyaka we-1884. Maphakathi nawo-90s, ama-babirus ayesebe izakhamuzi zezindawo zokugcina zasendlini ezingaba ngu-30 emhlabeni jikelele, enesilinganiso sokuphila kweminyaka engama-20 ezimweni zokufakelwa. Esingaphetha ngakho ukuthi lesi silwane sihlangana kahle nabantu futhi sizizwa sikhululekile ekudingisweni.

Ezokuphepha Babiruss

Photo: Babirussa from the Red Book

I-Babirussa yisilwane esidala kunazo zonke, esifa ngokushesha esibhalwe ku-Red Book. Ukulawulwa kwesibalo kuthathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa izinhlangano zomhlaba ezizama ukwenza izindlela eziningi zemvelo eziba nomthelela ekusindisweni kwale nhlobo.

Insimu ekhethekile yagcinelwa uhulumeni, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokungafinyeleleki kwendawo kanye nokuntuleka kokutshala imali, kunzima kakhulu ukusekela amaphrojekthi anjalo. Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo nokuvikelwa koHulumeni wase-Indonesia nasekuphathweni kwezinhlangano zamazwe aphesheya, ukubulawa ngokungemthetho nokubanjwa kwezilwane akuyeki.

Uma esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, izindawo zamapaki ezwe ngeke zibe ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile nokuvikelwa kwabazingeli, ukuhlinzeka ngokuphila okunethezekile kwalezi zilwane ezingafani nalutho, kungakapheli iminyaka eyishumi, lolu hlobo lungahle luphele nya kuzo zonke iziqhingi zezindawo zokuhlala.

Babirussa - esinye sezilwane ezindala ezasinda kuleso sikhathi sethu, esinomuntu othambile, ozinikele emndenini wazo kanye nakubantu abaye baguqula ukuboshwa kwabo. Kodwa-ke, kungenxa yabantu impela ukuthi kunengozi enkulu yokunyamalala kwabo ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, okuningi kuncike kithi nakwindlela esibheka ngayo ngokwemvelo. Lesi silwane besilokhu sidonsela ukunaka okukhethekile, othile ubancome, asho kumanoveli nezindaba zakhe, njengoba kwenza uJues Verne, kwinoveli yakhe ethi “Amashumi Amabili Amakilabhu Amanye Ngaphansi Olwandle,” ngenkathi othile ezingela inzuzo noma indebe nje.