FOSSA (I-Cryptoprocta ferox) isilwane esidla izinyamazane esihlala kuphela esiqhingini saseMadagascar. Le carnivore yafika kulesi siqhingi cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-18-20 edlule futhi manje ihlala kuzo zonke izindawo ezinamahlathi, ngaphandle kwendawo ephakathi nezintaba.

Ukuvela kweMadagascar fossa sekuyisikhubekiso sokuhlukaniswa kwaso. Izici zomzimba wakhe zivela ku-feline, njenge-jaguarundi, kepha ucwaningo olwenziwe ososayensi luye lwavumela ukuhlukanisa i-fossa ngohlobo oluhlukile lomndeni wabazungu baseMadagascar.

Umzimba ominyene walesi silwane ufinyelela kubude obungama-70-80 cm, cishe inani elifanayo liwela emsileni. Izinyawo zimfishane futhi zinemisipha (imilenze yangemuva kancanyana kuneyangaphambili), izindlebe eziphumayo zithweswe umqhele ngekhanda elincane elixegayo.

Umzimba wonke nomsila zimbozwe izinwele ezimfishane, ezithambile, ezibomvu ngombala, omnyama kancane emuva kunasesiswini. Abantu abamnyama kwesinye isikhathi bayatholakala. Abesilisa izinsalela enesisindo esilingana nekhilogremu kunabesifazane.

Kuwo womane umkhawulo womhlaseli kukhona uzipho olunwebeka, futhi endaweni ye-ankle ama-paws aselula kakhulu. Lokhu kuvumela i-Foss ukuthi ikhuphuke ngokushesha futhi yehle emthini, yehle ibheke phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silwane siyakwazi ukuhamba ngokugqamile emiqhele yezihlahla, sigxume sisuka egatsheni siye kwelinye, sisebenzisa umsila njenge-balancer (njengoba lokhu kwenzeka, bheka ividiyo ngezansi).

UFossa usebenza ikakhulu kusihlwa nasebusuku, phakathi nosuku azama ukungakhombisi amehlo akhe, acashe ngezimbobo, emigedeni, noma amahlamvu aminyene. Ukudla kwesilwane okungaphezulu kwama-50% kubalwa ngama-lemurs, lapho umhlaseli ebamba khona emiqhele yesihlahla. Ngaphezu lemurs, amamenyu fossa ahlukaniswe izinyoni, namagundane, izibankwa nezinye izilwane. Kwesinye isikhathi amantshontsho enkukhu awela ngaphansi kokusatshalaliswa, futhi uma enikezwa iqiniso lokuthi imvamisa isilo sibulala okungaphezulu kakhulu kwalokho esingakudla, kulula ukucabanga ukuthi kwakhula kanjani ubudlelwano nabalimi bendawo.

Esikhathini esiningi sonyaka, ama-Foss ahlala yedwa ezindaweni ezinamakhilomitha-skwele amaningana, awamaka nezindlala ezikhethekile ezinephunga eliphansi komsila. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, eqala ngoSepthemba kuya ku-Okthoba, abesilisa abaningana babuthana bezungeze izinsikazi. Phakathi kwabo, izimpi ziba khona njalo, lapho izimbangi zizama ukuluma omunye, ngemuva kwalokho umbaleki ubaleke. Owesilisa oqinile uthola ilungelo lokushada nowesifazane, okuvame ukwenzeka emqheleni wezihlahla.

Ezinyangeni ezintathu ezilandelayo, ifossa yowesifazane ifihla inzalo. Kukhanya, amathole, asuka ku-1 kuye ku-6, abonakala enqunu futhi eyimpumputhe, kepha ngokushesha ambozwa izinwele ezimpunga noma ezicishe zibe mhlophe.

Umama ubondla ngobisi kuze kuphele izinyanga eziyi-4,5, bese abantu abasha bezimela ngokuphelele esifundeni sonyaka. Ukuxhumana nabanye, abantu basebenzisa imisindo nezimpawu ezibonakalayo. I-foss can purr, meow like amakati, kanye nekhala uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Lezi zilwane azinazo izitha zemvelo, ikakhulukazi isibalo sazo sithonywa ngumuntu obhubhisa indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yemfucumfucu futhi ayiqothule ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwazo ngenkukhu.

Siphinde sincome ukufunda mayelana nezinye izakhamizi zomhlaba ezithokozisayo:

Ngifuna ukwazi konke

Kwezilwane eziyi-10 ezidla imiphefumulo eMadagascar, ezintathu - i-civet encane futhi, ngokwemvelo, ikati elinenja - elethwe ngumuntu. Amanye amafomu ayisikhombisa akha imindeni emithathu ekhethekile ye-wyverns -fanaluki, indandari enomsila-onomsila nefoss. Kepha uFossa ungukuphela kokumeleleka kobuhlakani bakhe.

Ngokushesha ngikuxwayisa "ngegibe" elilodwa elincane le-zoological: uma uthola igama Fossa fossana, bese ukhumbula - lokhu akuyona fossa (igama lesi Latin I-Cryptoprocta ferox), nolunye lwezinhlobo ze fanaluk. Badideka usosayensi uGrey ngo-1896.

Ngeshwa, lokhu akuyona ukuphela kwendlela ehleliwe ene-fossa. Yena, manje "amaphesenti ayikhulu" achazwa njenge-wyverra, sekuyisikhathi eside kuthathwa njengommeleli we-feline (kuleso sikhundla avela kuso, ngokwesibonelo, eBram). Ngempela, inqola enkulu kunazo zonke eMadagascar futhi enye enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ifana ne-puma encane ngaphandle, ngosayizi nange gait, futhi ngezinqa zayo ezinde, ezinde, ezibukhali, ifomula yamazinyo ifana ne-feline, ize uyigeze njengekati lasekhaya, iphakamise imilenze yangaphambili kanye ukhotha ngokucophelela amapads we-convex, bese uhlanza imilenze yangemuva, bese uthinta umsila bese ususa konke ukungcola okusele ngemizuzu emihlanu kuya kwayisithupha.

Esiqhingini saseMadagascar, izilwane ezigciniwe ezingagcini e-Afrika uqobo, kodwa kuwo wonke umhlaba. Enye yezilwane ezivelakancane nguFossa (lat. Cryptoprocta ferox) Ingabe ukuphela kommeleli wohlobo lwe-Cryptoprocta nesilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke esidla inyama esihlala esiqhingini saseMadagascar.

Ukubukeka izinsalela okungajwayelekile: yisiphambano phakathi kwe-wyverra ne-puma encane. Kwesinye isikhathi i-fossa ibizwa nangokuthi ibhubesi laseMadagascar, ngoba okhokho balesi silwane babemikhulu kakhulu futhi befika ngosayizi webhubesi. UFossa unesibumbu esikhulu, esikhulu futhi esidlulile kancane, ubude baso singafinyelela ku-80 cm (ngokwesilinganiso singama-65-70 cm). Imilenze yefossa yinde, kepha kunalokho ikhulu, imilenze yangemuva ngaphezulu ngaphambili. Umsila uvame ukulingana nobude bomzimba futhi ufinyelela ku-65 cm.

Umzimba wesilwane umbozwe ngezinwele ezimfishane, ngaphezu kwalokho, ekhanda ngu-ginger, kuthi emuva kube mnyama (rusty-brown). Isilwane sihamba nawo wonke umthamo waso, njengebhere. Njengabo bonke abameleli bomndeni we-civere, i-fossa inezindlala ezingama-anal ezenza imfihlo nephunga elinamandla. Phakathi kwezakhamizi zakule ndawo kunombono wokuthi okuthiwa amaFoss abulala izisulu zawo ngephunga elinyanyekayo lama-anal gce.

Lezi zilwane ikakhulukazi zihlala emhlabeni, kepha zivame ukugibela izihlahla, lapho zizingela khona ama-lemurs - ukudla okuyintandokazi kweFoss. Isisulu sakho fossa ibulala ngokukuluma ingemuva lekhanda, kuyilapho ngesibindi ibambe ngezidladla zangaphambili. Lesi silwane asidli izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane kuphela, kepha futhi nezinyoni, ezihuquzelayo kanye nezinambuzane. UFossa uzingela ikakhulu ebusuku, kuthi phakathi nosuku afihla emgodini, emihumeni noma emafulethini esihlahla. Isilwane siqaqa kusuka egatsheni siye kwelinye, futhi sikhuphuka esihlahleni ngosizo hhayi ngezihlakala nje kuphela, kodwa nangomsila omude. Njengokubukeka, izwi le-foss lifana nokugqwala komoya onolaka, futhi amawundlu enza imisindo ifana kakhulu neyabahlanza

UFossa uphila impilo eyedwa, kepha ngesikhathi sokuzalelana, okusho ukuthi, ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, abesilisa abangama-3-4 bazungeza insikazi. Ngenkathi yokuzalelwa kwezilwane, izilwane zilahlekelwa ukunakekelwa kwazo kwemvelo futhi zingaba nolaka olukhulu. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga ezintathu, futhi amawundlu avame ukuzalwa ngoDisemba-Januwari. Uma abanye abamele umndeni we-civerora abahlala esiqhingini saseMadagascar benengqalo eyodwa, uFossa wesifazane uzoba namawundlu amabili kuya amane.

Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingu-100 g, ziyimpumputhe, azisizi ngalutho futhi zimbozwe ngoboya obuvela ezinweleni ezingwevu. Imfucumfucu encane iqala ukubona ezinsukwini eziyi-12- 12, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-40 izishiyela yona uqobo, kuthi ezinyangeni ezimbili isivele igibela amagatsha. Abesifazane kuphela ababandakanyekayo enzalweni: bondla inzalo yabo ngobisi isikhathi esingange izinyanga ezi-4, yize iqiniso lokuthi amawundlu asevele esidla inyama kulokhu. UFossa eneminyaka yobudala emi-4 kuphela uba ngumuntu ovuthiwe, kepha ushiya imingcwabo yakhe eneminyaka engu-20 ubudala.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwalesi silwane ekudingisweni siyiminyaka eyi-15 kuya kwengama-20. Inani lezinsalela zemvelo liyancipha, futhi ikakhulukazi abantu kufanele basolwe ngalokhu, ngoba isisulu esikhulu kunazo zonke zesiqhingi saseMadagascar asinazitha ngokwemvelo. Phakathi komdabu, abakwaFoss bathole idumela lokuba yisisulu sokuhlaselwa, bahlasela futhi bangabhubhisi nje kuphela izinkukhu, kodwa babuye babulale izimbuzi nezingulube, futhi kwesinye isikhathi nabantu. Abantu bendawo bathi i-fossa, ebhubhisa imfuyo, kwesinye isikhathi ibhubhisa ngaphezulu kunokudla. Abantu bazingela lezi zilwane badle inyama yazo.

AmaFoss abhalwe kuNcwadi Olubomvu yoMkhandlu Wezwe Wokuvikelwa Kwemvelo Nemithombo Yezemvelo, ngoba asemaphethelweni wokuqothulwa. Namuhla emhlabeni kunabantu abacishe babe ngama-2500 kuphela, ngokwesisekelo emuva kokuthi ngonyaka ka 2000 izinsalela zathola isimo "sezilwane ezisengozini".

I-Foss, ngokusobala, iyizifiso, yize isimilo sabo senhlalo sicishe singafundwa. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi se-estrus (Septhemba-Novemba), abalandeli baka-3-4 babuthana bezungeze isifazane esisodwa. Esikhathini sokukhwelana, i-Foss ilahlekelwa ukuqaphela okujwayelekile futhi ize ibe nolaka.ukuya ocansini okokuqala kuthatha ihora. Amawundlu avela ngoNovemba-Januwari, futhi, ngokungafani nezinye i-wyverrovs zaseMadagascar (kukangaki leli binzana liphindaphindwa!), I-fossa yesifazane ingazala u-2-4 (nezihlobo zakhe - munye kuphela). Ingane esanda kuzalwa inesisindo esingaba yi-100g, ayikwazi ukuhamba, iyimpumputhe, imbozwe ngogrey onsundu obukhulu, cishe izinwele ezimhlophe. Ngokusobala, insikazi ikhulisa izingane zodwa. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, zihlala endaweni yokukhosela noma esidlekeni. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15, izingane ziqala ukubona kahle, kuthi emva kwenyanga ziqale ukuhamba bese zidlala. IVosses enezinyanga ezimbili isivele igibela amagatsha futhi igxume emhlabathini, kuthi ngamathathu nangxenye ikwazi ukugxuma igatsha isuka egatsheni noma ngo-3,5 m emhlabathini. Umama ubondla ubisi aze afike ezinyangeni ezi-4 kuya kwezingu-5,5, yize kulokhu sebevele sebeqala ukudla inyama. Ngeminyaka emibili, izilwane ziyafinyelela kubadala, bese zishiya umama. Lapho ineminyaka emithathu, isilwane sesivele sivuthiwe: ifinyelela isisindo somuntu osemdala nokuthomba. Isikhathi sokuphila sikaFossa cishe siyiminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa.

Amafosi ayizilwane ezifuywe ngokhuni ezingagxuma ngisho egatsheni ziye egatsheni futhi zikhuphuke ngemithi emide ziye kuma-80 cm (nokho, ukunqoba ubude obude obungaphezu kuka-50 m, ifossa ithanda indawo eqinile). Ngokusobala, lokhu kuchaza ukuthi ezindaweni zokukhosela babheka imfoloko yezihlahla njengeyona ndlela engcono kakhulu, yize kukhona izimbobo ezembiwe yiFosses, imihume ehlala kuyo, futhi ngisho nokugudlwa okuncane okuguquliwe kwama-termite m: Ukugibela izihlahla ze-foss ngosizo lwe-paws kanye nomsila oqinile, ophinde usetshenziselwe ukugcina ibhalansi futhi kusize lapho wehla esiqwini esime mpo. UFossa uhamba nesiqu, esakaza kakhulu izingalo zawo zangaphambili futhi edonsa imilenze yakhe yangasemuva ngaphansi kwesisu, okuthi, lapho-ke, iqonde futhi isekele isilo phambili. Ngesikhathi sokuvela, okuphambene kuyiqiniso: imilenze yangemuva yodwa idlala indawo yokubopha, kanti ezingaphambili zigobile. Emivinini emincane, i-fossa ikhwela ngokuxhaswa ngamaphoyinti amathathu, ibeka phambili nemilenze yangemuva.

IFossa isatshalaliswa eMadagascar yaze yafika ku-2000 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, ngaphandle kwelethaba eliphakathi nendawo lentaba. Ihlala izifunda ezinamahlathi ezintabeni, amasimu nama-savannah, amahlathi ashisayo nawomileyo, amahlathi. UFossa uhola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo, ikakhulukazi engathandeki futhi engahambi kahle ebusuku. Ngokuya ngokutholakala kokukhiqizwa kanye nesikhathi sonyaka, i-foss kungenzeka isebenze emahoreni asemini. Usuku luvame ukuchitha ezindlini zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene: emihumeni nakwezinye izinto ezingokwemvelo nezokufakelwa, izindunduma zesitimu esishiyiwe noma imfoloko nje ezihlahleni. Ugibela kahle agxume ezihlahleni, lapho adla khona inyamazane yakhe. UFossa unyusa isiqu, usabalalisa kakhulu i-paws yakhe yangaphambili futhi udonsa imilenze yangemuva ngaphansi kwayo, eqondile, ayicindezele phezulu. Ngesikhathi sehla, imilenze yangemuva eyisikhala idlala indawo yokubopha, kanti ezingaphambili zigobile. UFossa uyakwazi ukubhukuda.

UFossa ungumhlaseli wezitho zomzimba omubi. Amehlo akhe, ukuzwa nokuzwa kunuka kahle. Isisekelo sokudla kukaFossa yizinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezizungeza ngokweqile: lezi yizinyoni, ama-amphibians, izirhubuluzi kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane: ama-tenreks nama-lemurs, afinyelela ku-50% wokudla okuphelele. UFossa uzingela yedwa noma ngamaqembu emindeni (insikazi kanye nenzalo yakhe encane). Lezi zilwane zibulala izisulu zazo, zibambe izimbobo zangaphambili zazo futhi zilume ngemuva kwekhanda. Ungayideleli ifosili nezinambuzane. Ebusuku, uFarsa uhlasela ezinye izilwane, kufaka phakathi izingulube ezifuywayo, izinkukhu, njll, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ubulala izisulu eziningi kunokuba zingadla.

UFossa uphila impilo eyedwa ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Izwi lakhe lifana nekati - izinsalela zakhipha ukudubula okubabazekayo, i-cubs purr, kanti abesilisa bakhala kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, amafosisi atholakala emaqenjini abantu abafinyelela kwabangu-4,8, futhi ngalesi sikhathi balahlekelwa ukuqaphela kwabo okujwayelekile futhi baba nolaka kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi. Bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane be-foss kukhona indawo, futhi ubukhulu bendawo eyodwa bucishe bube yi-1 km2, imingcele lapho umaka imfihlo yezinduna zezitho. Ukuziphatha okuphikisayo kubonakala kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa.

Izilwane ezinkulu zingahlaselwa izinyoka ezinkulu nezinyoni ezidla inyama. Ngesinye isikhathi, i-fossi iba yizisulu zezingwenya. Isikhathi sokuphila kwabathunjwa ekudingisweni kufinyelela eminyakeni engama-20, ekudingisweni, ngokulandelana, kungaphansi.

Phakathi kwabantu bendawo, izindaba zisasatshalaliswa ukuthi i-fossa kwesinye isikhathi isebenzisa inyamazane enkulu, kufaka phakathi izinkomo nabantu. Kepha, kungenzeka kakhulu, lapha sikhuluma nge-foss enkulu engapheli (i-Cryptoprocta spelea), ebukeka ngayo ifana nefosili elijwayelekile, kepha yayinosayizi we-ocelot. Kukholakala ukuthi umdondoshiya omkhulu we-fossa wazingela ama-lemurs amakhulu futhi wachithwa ngabantu abahlala kulesi siqhingi. Njengamanje, i-fossa kwesinye isikhathi ilimaza abantu ngokuhlasela izinkukhu namazinyane. Kubhalwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN njengezilwane ezisengozini futhi nakwi-CITES Convention (Isithasiselo II). Ngokusho kochwepheshe, inani elilinganisiwe lezinsalela emvelweni lingabantu abadala abangama-2500. Izinsongo eziphambili ezinhlotsheni ukulahleka kwendawo nokuqhekeka kobubanzi, kanye nokubhujiswa kwabo ngokuqondile ngabalimi bendawo, abazibheka njengezinambuzane. Ngasikhathi sinye, uhlelo lokuzala lwe-foss njengamanje