I-Stellate sturgeon, inhlanzi yomndeni wakwa-sturgeon, i-Acipenser stellatus * Izinhlanzi

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Ngisho eminyakeni engama-30 eyedlule, owayemelele ama-sturgeon ekubambeni kwabadobi kwakungu i-stellate stellate (Acipenser stellatus). Inani lezinhlanzi lisakazeka emigodini yolwandle i-Azov, iBlack and Caspian. Ngaphandle kwezindlela zanamuhla zokuvinjelwa, endaweni yemvelo izinhlanzi azibanjwa njalo. Kunengqondo ngokwengeziwe ukubamba i-stellgeon sturgeon (igama lesibili yi-sturgeon) ezindaweni zokugcina ezikhokhelwayo, lapho isidingo sokudoba kwe-sturgeon sikhula kuphela.

Isondlo se-Stellate sturgeon

Ukudla kwezinhlanzi ezisencane kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngesilondolozi esakhiwe. Ku-Caspian sturateon sturgeon, ukudla okubandakanya: i-mysid, isibungu sasolwandle - nereis, ama-crustaceans. Ku-Azov, engeza ohlwini uhlu oluncibilikayo, olwalugcinwa yisitashi senkanyezi kusukela eminyakeni yobudala engama-3-4. Izinhlanzi zabantu abadala be-stellate sturgeon zidla ngokulangazelela ama-gobies, i-hamsa, nabanye abamele i-ichthyofauna yasolwandle.

Isikhathi somsebenzi we-stellate stellate sturateon

I-Stellate sturgeon, edoba ebusika nasekwindla inganikeli imiphumela ebonakalayo, ama-pecks ehlobo nasentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqhuma. Ukubamba i-sturgeon stellgeon, abadobi basebenzisa izinduku ezintantayo, ukubhekana okuphansi, kusukela ku-donka ejwayelekile, okuphela ngoshintsho olungeyona-yezemidlalo. Ilungele ukubheja: imihlonyane yasemhlabeni - imichilo, imisipha, isinkwa, umhluzi, okuluhlaza nokubilisiwe. I-Lure sturgeon bait - ekuhambeni ibilisiwe amabele, i-oatmeal, makukha, i-herring fillet. Kungezwa imbewu ye-canannis, isakhi esiphilayo - amagciwane egazi, izikelemu ezisikiwe.

Isikhathi esijwayelekile se-stellgeon sturgeon

I-Stellate sturgeon iyaqhubeka ukuqhuma ukuqala ngo-Ephreli nokuphela kwesikhathi sokuhluma ngoJuni. Ukusakazeka kwenzeka emifuleni, ezindaweni ezinokuhamba okungu-0.5-2 m / s. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, intwasahlobo nekwindla (sekwephuzile kwentwasahlobo) inkambo ye-stellge sturgeon iyabonakala. Izinhlanzi ezivuthiwe (ezenzeka ngonyaka we-4-6 wempilo) ziqhuma minyaka yonke, zidlula nobudala ziye embusweni 1 isikhathi eminyakeni emi-2. Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi likhuphuka lifinyelele kuma-degree Celsius, ama-sturate sturgeon, avela ezamanzana ezikhukhula, kanye nezinye izingxenye zemifula egcwele amanzi, iqala ukubuthana emanzini angajulile. Inani lamaqanda kuma-sturgeon abesifazane besifazane yizingcezu eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-60-400 (amasampuli weVolga).

Ngokuya ngokushisa kwamanzi, ukukhula kwamaqanda ama-stellate stew kuthatha amahora angama-44-80, emva kwalokho izibungu ezibunjiwe zingene olwandle. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4, ezinye zazo zizobuyela ezindaweni zokusakazeka. Ngaphezu kwama-40% we-stellateon Fry etholakala emizimbeni yamanzi kungumphumela womsebenzi wezinhlanzi zokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi ezisiza ama-stellge sturgeon ukugcina ukubukeka kwawo. Amajana akhishwa ngesikhathi sokuhluma.

I-Stellar stew ekuphekeni

I-stellate stellate ibizwa ngokuthi "yasebukhosini" njengesiqu, kepha inhlanzi yenzeka ngokuzithemba kulandelana nge-sturgeon ngokuya ngokunambitheka. Izindlela zokupheka: isitshulu esibilisiwe se-stellate, siphekwe ku-hlupha, sithosiwe ku-spit, endlebeni ebilisiwe. Phakathi kwama-gourmet, i-balyk evela ku-stellgeon sturgeon iyadingeka, kanye nemikhiqizo yezinye i-sturgeon. Ukuqandisa kungathandeki, inhlanzi esanda kubanjiswa isetshenziselwa ukupheka, okuvame kakhulu ukubiliswa (stellate sturate sturgeon akufanele idlule izinsuku ezingama-2). I-Stellate sturgeon caviar ayiphansi ngekhwalithi kune-sturgeon, engathinti ukutholakala kwayo, kunzima ukuthenga i-caviar.

Amasayizi amaphakathi kanye ne-trophy specimens ye-stellate stellate sturgeon

Izinga elemukelwa ngokujwayelekile le-stellate sturgeon ukufezekisa isisindo esingama-7-12 kg, ubude bomzimba bube ngu-120-150 cm.Izibonakaliso ezinkulu zikhula zibe ngu-80 kg, ubude bazo bube ngu-220 cm. Ngenxa yezizathu (ukuzingela, i-ecology), ubukhulu bomlando obukhona esikhathini esidlule. Namuhla, inhlanzi enesisindo esingamakhilogremu amahlanu iyimpumelelo ephumelelayo, amadamu okufakelwa ashiya ithuba lokubamba i-trophy stellate sturgeon.

I-stellateon erekhodwe ngokusemthethweni ebhalwe ngokusemthethweni yayingamasentimitha angama-250 ubude, inesisindo esingu-80 kg futhi ineminyaka engama-27.

Bona okuthi "Sevryuga" kwezinye izichazamazwi:

I-Stellate sturgeon -? Stellate nenkani ... Wikipedia

stellate sturgeon - I-sturgeon, sturateon sturgeon Isichazamazwi sesiRussia. I-stellate sturgeon noun, inombolo yamagama aphinyiselwe: 6 • umlilo (7) • i-sturgeon ... Isichazamazwi samagama avumelanayo

I-Stellate sturgeon - izinhlanzi zomndeni we-sturgeon. Isichazamazwi semibandela esezingeni eliphakeme. Ngo-2012 ... Isichazamazwi Se-Culinary

STELLATE STURGEON - I-Sevryuga, inhlanzi efudukayo (umndeni we-sturgeon). Ubude bufika ku-2.2 m, isisindo kufika ku-80 kg. Ihlala emigodini yasolwandle abaNsundu, Azov naseCaspian. Ukusakazeka emifuleni. Inhloso yokudoba nokuzalanisa. Inani liyancipha ngenxa yomthetho wokugeleza ... ... I-encyclopedia yesimanje

STELLATE STURGEON - izinhlanzi ezifudukayo zomndeni wakwa-sturgeon. Ubude bufika ku-2.2 m, bunesisindo esingama-80 kg. Emigodini yasolwandle Olumnyama, Azov naseCaspian. Ukusakazeka emifuleni. Inhloso yokudoba nokuzalanisa. Inani liyancipha ngenxa yokulawulwa kokugeleza kwemifula (okuyiyona ephambili ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

STELLATE STURGEON - Sevryuga, sturgeon stellgeon, amakhosikazi. Izinhlanzi ezivela emndenini. sturgeon. Isichazamazwi esichazayo Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. Ngo-1935 1940 ... Isichazamazwi Esichazayo se-Ushakov

STELLATE STURGEON - USevryuga, kanye namakhosikazi. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu zentengiso sturgeon. | ukuncipha stellate sturgeon, namakhosikazi. | adj. stellge sturgeon, hehe, sawubona. Isichazamazwi Esichazayo Ozhegova. S.I. I-Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. Ngo-1949 1992 ... Isichazamazwi Esichazayo se-Ozhegov

STELLATE STURGEON - (Acipenser stellatus), izinhlanzi ezifudukayo ze-genus sturgeon. Ngoba kufika ku-220 cm, isisindo kufika ku-80 kg. Ukuqhakaza kukhuphuke kakhulu, kuthambile. Izindebe eziphansi ziyaphazamiseka. I-Antennae ngaphandle kwemicu. Kuhlala hl arr. kuya kuma-bass. Izilwandle zeCaspian, eZimnyama nezase-Azov. Kukhona intwasahlobo nobusika ... ... Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary

I-Stellate sturgeon - I-Stellate sturgeon, futhi enezimfashini, i-chevrug (Acipenser stellatus Pall.) Inhlanzi evela ku-genus sturgeon (Acipenser). Ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo zohlobo S. ngesihlwathi esikude kakhulu. Izindebe ezingezansi ezakhiwe ngaphansi zihlukaniswe maphakathi negebe elibanzi, izimpondo ezibushelelezi azikho ... ... Brockhaus kanye ne-Ephron Encyclopedia

STELLATE STURGEON - Izinhlanzi zomndeni wakwa-sturgeon (bheka) ... I-encyclopedia emfushane yasekhaya

I-Stellate sturgeon - I-Sevryuga, inhlanzi efudukayo (umndeni we-sturgeon). Ubude bufika ku-2.2 m, isisindo kufika ku-80 kg. Ihlala emigodini yasolwandle abaNsundu, Azov naseCaspian. Ukusakazeka emifuleni. Inhloso yokudoba nokuzalanisa. Inani liyancipha ngenxa yomthetho wokugeleza ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Bheka incazelo

I-Stellate sturgeon yinhlanzi enkulu yama-sturgeon enesisindo esilingana no-3 kuya ku-10 kg futhi ifinyelela ubude obufika ku-1 m. Kuqoshiwe amacala okubanjwa kwabamele abakhulu bezilwane ezinobunzima obudlula ku-150 kg wesisindo nama-2.2 m ubude.

Ukubekwa okujwayelekile kwezihlangu zama-sturgeon kuyabonakala nangama-sturgeon stellgeon. Ukugqama kwesakhiwo sezimbungulu kulolu hlobo ukuthi amapuleti asezingeni elifanele amboza ukushisa ezinhlangothini phakathi kwemigqa yawo.

Umlomo, njengawo wonke ama-Sturgeons, utholakala ngaphansi komfula. Inwebeka kancane eduze kwama-gill. Izindebe ezingezansi zezinhlanzi ziyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, izintuthwane zimfushane, ngaphandle komphetho. Kwi-arch yokuqala yezwe kunama-26 stamens.

I-back fin inama-ray angama-46, ama-anal fin aze afike kwangama-29.

Habitat

Kubhekiselwa ezinhlanzini ezifudukayo ezingaphansi ezihlala eCaspian, Azov naseBlack Seas. Ingena emifuleni emikhulu yalezi zihlambi: iVolga, i-Urals, iKura, iKuban, neDon. Ngokuqondene nolwandle olumnyama, leli gumbi liyindawo ephakathi nendawo yama-stellate sturgeon.

Kufika lapho kuyaqabukela, bese, ngokubhukuda ngephutha kusuka eKerch Strait. Ku-Dnieper, sturgeon stellgeon ayibanjwanga isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, kanti eDniester - icishe ibe yi-100. Kuzo zonke izingqungqulu eziseLwandle Olumnyama kanye nemifula yesisekelo sayo, ungahlangana ngaphandle kwe-sterlet futhi, ezimweni ezingandile kakhulu, i-beluga.

Kukhona ukwahlukaniswa kwezinhlanzi okwehlukaniswe yindawo yokuhlala. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, enkulu kunazo zonke yi-Ural Sevruga, kanti encane kunazo zonke i-Kuban (ukuguquguquka kwesisindo ngu-5-10 no-6-8 kg, ngokulandelana).

Ukuzala

Isikhathi sokuthomba, kanye nosayizi, kuya ngezindawo ezinukayo zenhlanzi. Ngokunikezwa impilo ende yezinhlanzi (kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu), zingandiswa isikhathi eside. Ukuvuthwa okukhulu ku-stralgeon ye-stellate ye-Ural kwenzeka eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kuya kwabesilisa kanye no-11 kuya kwabesifazane. Izinhlobo zeKurin neKuban zivuthwa zinde kakhulu. Amandla okushiya inzalo kubo avela eminyakeni eyi-10-13 kwabesilisa nakwiminyaka eyi-12-15 kwabesifazane.

I-Spawning yenziwa emifuleni lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifinyelela cishe ku-18-20 ° C. Ukukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwamaqanda kucishe kube izinkulungwane ezingama-200. Kepha uma inhlanzi isidala, ikhukhula kakhulu. Ukuqhekeka kuvame ukwenziwa emadwaleni.

I-stellate stellate caviar inamathela ngaphezulu. Ububanzi bayo bungama-2,5-3 mm. Isikhathi sokuthuthuka sisuka emahoreni angama-45 kuye kwangama-80, kuya ngeqondo lokushisa. Iningi le-caviar lidliwa ezinye izinhlanzi. Njengawo wonke ama-sturgeon, izibungu zigobhoza olwandle, yingxenye encane kuphela yazo ehlala emanzini amasha isikhathi eside.

Umuntu kanye ne-stellate stellate

Inhlanzi ingumkhiqizo obalulekile onenyama enambitha kanye ne-caviar. Njengama-sturgeon amaningi, isebenza ngokusebenza kwendawo yonke - cishe zonke izitho zomzimba zisetshenziswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokukhiqiza, akukho ukungcola okuvela kuma-stellate sturgeon.

Inyama ne-caviar kuyasetshenziswa ekuphekeni, kusetshenziswa imizwa ye-chord ukwenza ukudla okulula - isikali, i-cartilage isetshenziselwa ukwenza i-glue, isigaxa sokubhukuda sisetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa amawayini, njll.

Ukudoba okungalawulwa, ukungcoliswa kwemifula, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamadamu namadamu kuholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwenani labantu. Eminyakeni eyi-100 eyedlule, indawo yokuhlala incishisiwe kakhulu. Futhi uma ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale izinhlanzi emifuleni yeSiberia, manje uhla lwayo luhlanganisa kuphela iCaspian and Azov Seas.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi wezomnotho wesintu, ukusatshalaliswa kwemvelo kwe-stellate sturgeon okwamanje kwenzeka kuphela eMfuleni i-Ural. Kuzo zonke ezinye izifunda, inani labantu liphinda lakhiwa kabusha ngenxa yokutshala izinhlanzi emapulazini ezinhlanzi. Ngo-2018, ama-90% ama-sturgeon asencane avela emthonjeni. Eqinisweni, umbono ususondele ekuqothulweni.

Kepha, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isekhona inqubekelaphambili kulondolozo lwezinhlobo eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule. Ukulawulwa ukumisa ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu, kunamapulazi amaningi ngokwengeziwe okufuya izinhlanzi ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Ama-tapas amabili asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhulisa: Izilwane ezisencane ezineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala zokuhlala ezindaweni zokuhlala nabantu abadala bokuthola amaqanda.

Ukudoba ama-Stellar

Ngokubheka isimo esiyinhlekelele sabantu, kanye nesimo samanje sokuphinda senziwe kabusha, njengamanje, noma yikuphi ukudoba ezindaweni zemvelo kuyenqatshelwa. Kusukela ngo-2000, ama-sturgeon stellgeon awabanjwa oLwandle i-Azov, futhi kusukela ngo-2005 eCaspian. Okumnyama, lolu hlobo aluzange lubonwe isikhathi eside.

Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka ubheke izindawo ezinjalo. Iqiniso ngukuthi iningi lalezi zindawo zokugcina zigcinwa ikakhulukazi nge-sterlet noma i-sturgeon, kepha uma ufisa, ungathola indawo yokugcina amanzi "stellate". Okwamanje, ukufuya kwalolu hlobo kuyenziwa, ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezinjalo:

"Mikhailovskaya Sloboda" (Lake Gorodnoye) - idolobha elinegama elifanayo esifundeni saseMoscow,
I-KPH "Izintaba Ezigqamile", isifunda saseMoscow, isifunda saseKrasnogorsk, pos. Izintaba ezigqamile
I-BigKarp Club (Idamu laseKrasnogorsk), isifunda saseMoscow, iKrasnogorsk,
I-Club "Catch", isifunda seVladimir., Isifunda saseS Suzdal, nge. Ukubamba.

Ithikithi lansuku zonke lezindawo zokugcina libiza kusuka ku-1500 r. kuya ku-2500 p. umuntu ngamunye. Amanani wokubamba ngokuvamile kuxoxiswana kuwo.

Ividiyo: Monkey

ISturgeon, okuyi-stellgeon stellgeon ingeminye yemindeni yakudala yezinhlanzi zama-bony, ezendabuko yemifula eshisayo, eshisayo nethambekele, amachibi namaphethelo asogwini lwe-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Zihlukaniswa yimizimba yazo ephakeme, ukungabi nezikali nobukhulu obukhulu obungandile: ama-sturgeon ukusuka ku-2 kuye ku-3 m ubude ajwayelekile, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zikhula zingu-5.5 m. Iningi lama-sturgeon lingama-feed aphansi asezingeni eliphansi, avela phezulu futhi adla ngokudla emfuleni osekudeni nasemfuleni. Izigcawu. Yize amanye kungamanzi ahlanzekile ngokuphelele, bambalwa kakhulu ababukela olwandle oluvulekile ngaphesheya kwezindawo ezisogwini.

I-Stellate sturgeon ibhukuda emanzini afudumele apholile, amachibi namanzi olwandle. Idla izinhlanzi, igobolondo, ama-crustaceans kanye nezibungu. Ihlala ikakhulukazi ezimbanjeni zoLwandle Olumnyama nolweCaspian kanye nolwandle lwe-Azov. Inani elikhulu labantu lisesifundeni iVolga-Caspian. Kunemijikelezo emibili ehlukene yalolu hlobo. Ezinye izinhlanzi ziqhakaza ebusika, kanti ezinye entwasahlobo.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-sturgeon sturgeon?

Izici ezijwayelekile ze-sturgeon zingokulandelayo:

isisekelo samathambo asisiwo umgogodla, kepha i-cartilaginous chord,
I-dorsal fin ikude nekhanda,
izibungu zithuthukiswa isikhathi eside, zizondla ngezinto eziqukethwe ku-yolk sac,
i-pectoral fin anterior ray - i-spike,
eduze komzimba (emuva, esiswini, ezinhlangothini) kunemigqa yezindawo ezinkulu eziveziwe. Phakathi kwabo, lesi silwane simbozwe ngamabhubhu amancane we-bony, granules.

IStellate sturgeon yinhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiso. Inezinhlobo ezimbili - ubusika nentwasahlobo. Ihluke kwezinye izinhlanzi zomndeni wama-sturgeon ngokubukeka. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-stellate sturgeon ikhala elide ngokungajwayelekile, lakhiwe njengensangu. Isigaxa sale nhlanzi siyabonakala, i-antennae emincane futhi ebushelelezi ayifinyeleli emlonyeni, izindebe eziphansi zakhiwa kabi.

Umzimba we-stellate sturateon sturgeon, kufana nekhala, ubude bawo ubude, ohlangothini ngalunye nangasemuva kufakwe izihlangu ezisondelene komunye nomunye. Umzimba wale nhlanzi unombala onsomi obomvu ngombala okhanyayo okhanyayo omnyama emuva nezinhlangothi ezinomucu omhlophe esiswini.

IStellate sturgeon yinhlanzi ethambile kunalokho, kulula ukuyihlukanisa nge-muzzle yayo, ende, emincane futhi iqondile. Amafulethi aseceleni ayancanyana. Lezi zici zihlukanisa i-stellate sturgeon ne-sturgeon, etholwe emanzini aseFinland eminyakeni yamuva. Ngemuva kwe stellgeon sturgeon kumnyama grey-luhlaza okotshani noma onsundu, isisu siphaphathekile. Amacimbi asemaceleni apendile. IStellate sturgeon ngandlela-thile iphansi ngosayizi kuma-sturgeon amaningi. Isisindo saso esilinganiselwe singamakhilogremu ayisikhombisa, kepha abanye abantu bafinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwamamitha amabili nesisindo sama-80 kg.

Ihlala kuphi i-stellate sturgeon?

Isithombe: Sevryuga eRussia

IStellate sturgeon ihlala olwandle lweCaspian, Azov, Black and Aegean, lapho ingena khona ezinkantolo, kufaka phakathi iDanube. Le nhlobo ayitholakali eMiddle and Upper Danube, kwesinye isikhathi kuphela izinhlanzi zihamba ziye phezulu eKomarno, Bratislava, e-Austria noma eJalimane. Ngokwesilinganiso esincane, le nhlobo itholakala olwandle i-Aegean nase-Adriatic, kanye nase-Aral Sea, lapho yethulwa khona kusukela olwandle lweCaspian ngo-1933.

Ngesikhathi sokufuduka okusabisayo, i-sturate stellate sturgeon nayo iwele emikhawulweni yomfula iLower Danube, njengemfula i-Prut, Siret, Alt ne Zhiul. EMiddle Danube, wathuthela eMfuleni iTisu (ukhuphukela eTokai) nasezindaweni eziphansi ezisezindaweni zawo, imifula iMaros neKörös, waze wafika nasemfuleni uMfula iZagyva, indawo ephansi yemifula yeDrava neSava kanye nomfula woMfula iMovava.

Ngenxa yokulawulwa nokuvalwa kwemifula, indawo yama-stellate sturgeon ezindaweni ezitholakala eCaspian, Azov naseBlack Sea inciphile kakhulu. Izindawo ezinwebayo sehle kakhulu, futhi izindlela zokufuduka nesikhathi sishintshile. Njengamanje, iningi labantu abaseMfuleni iDanube bathuthela emadamu e-Iron Gate kuphela.

IStellate sturgeon ivame ukutholakala emanzini angajulile ogwini lolwandle nasezindaweni eziphansi zemifula. Izilwane ezincane ezisezansi zingumthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwabantu abadala, futhi i-plankton idlala indima ebalulekile ezondlweni ezigabeni zokuqala ze-larval.

Manje usuyazi ukuthi i-stellgeon sturgeon ihlala kuphi. Ake sibheke ukuthi kudliwa yini le nhlanzi.

I-stellgeon sturgeon idlani?

Photo: Stellate sturgeon olwandle

Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezivame kakhulu ze-sturgeon, kufaka phakathi i-stellate sturgeon, ukuvuza uthuli emachibini nasemifuleni, zidla ikakhulu i-crayfish, i-shrimp, iminenke, izitshalo, izinambuzane zasemanzini, izibungu, izibungu ze-silt kanye nama-mollusks.

Iqiniso elihehayo: I-Sevryuga iyeka ukudla ngokushesha nje lapho iqala ukufuduka. Ngemuva kokusatshalaliswa, ubuyela olwandle ngokushesha, lapho eqala khona ukondla futhi.

Ama-Stellate sturgeons angamadla aphansi aphansi ngoba anezimpondo ezibucayi kakhulu ezansi kobuso bawo ukuthola izilwane ezingaphansi nomlomo wazo omude futhi onobuhlakani bokuncela inyamazane.Amapheshana esiswini we-stellate stellge sturgeons nawo ahlukile kakhulu ngoba izindonga zesisu sazo se-pyloric zifakwe emzimbeni wesitho esifana nesitho esiswini, amathumbu abantu abadala ane-epithelium esebenzayo yomzimba, futhi amathumbu abo angasemuva aphenduka ama-valve avuvukayo.

Ama-sturgeon ama-Homemade sturgeon atholakala emachibini angasese adinga amavithamini, uwoyela, amaminerali, namaprotheni okungenani angama-40% (iningi le-fishmeal). Phakathi kwamavithamini ancibilikiswa ngamafutha, adinga amavithamini A, D, E, no-K. Amavithamini wawo ancibilikiswa amanzi ahlanganisa i-B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B6, B5, B3 (niacin), B12, H, C (ascorbic acid) ne-folic acid.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Stellate izinhlanzi

Yize i-stellate sturgeon ingukugxila kwezolimo zasemanzini ngoba ingumthombo obalulekile we-caviar, kunokuntuleka okukhulu kokwazi mayelana nokuphila kanye nokuziphatha kwale nhlobo endle (uhla lwasekhaya, ukuhlanganisa, ulaka, isibonelo), kanye nezici eziningi zezolimo (ulaka, ukucebisa ngemvelo) imvelo, ingcindezi nokubulawa). Ukuntuleka kolwazi akugcini nje ngokuncintisana nokuhlolisisa isimo senhlala-kahle yaso, kepha futhi kuhlanganisa cishe noma yiliphi ithemba lokukuthuthukisa.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-sturgeon zinepulasitiki ephezulu maqondana nokuziphatha kwe-spawning. Ukubaleka okuningana okuningana kwenzeka lapho uhlobo olulodwa lunamaqembu ahlukene ngokuqhekeka ohlelweni olufanayo lomfula, esilubiza ngokuthi “ukuphaphama kabili”. Amaqembu aqabukayo achazwa njengemijaho yasentwasahlobo neyengoma.

Amaqembu ahlukanisayo aqhamukayo achazwe ngezinhlobo eziningana ze-sturgeon emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuqhekeka kabili kwenzeka ezinhlotsheni eziningi ze-sturgeon zase-Europe. Ezindaweni Ezilwandle Ezimnyama NezaseCaspian kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlanga zasentwasahlobo nezingoma: i-beluga, i-Russian sturgeon, i-spike, i-stellate sturgeon, i-sterlet. Iqembu lasentwasahlobo lingena emfuleni ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo linama-gonads acishe avuthiwe futhi liqhume ngemuva nje kokungena emfuleni. Iqembu le-heme lingena emfuleni ngasikhathi sinye noma ngokushesha nje emva kweqembu lasentwasahlobo, kodwa ngama-oocytes angavuthiwe.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: I-Stellar stew kusuka eNcwadi Ebomvu

Lolu hlobo luphaphalazeka osebeni lwemifula egcwala izikhukhula zentwasahlobo naphezu kwamatshe ezansi zesiteshi ngesikhathi sokuhamba okusheshayo. Amaqanda abekwa emibhedeni yamatshe ahlakazekile, amatshe amatshe amatshe kanye ne-gravel exutshwe nezicucu zamagobolondo nesihlabathi esihlanganayo. Izimo ezifanele zokusakazwa zifaka isilinganiso sokugeleza okuphezulu kanye ne-gravel ehlanzekile ehlanzekile. Ukwehla kwezinga lokugeleza kokuhamba ngemuva kokukhula nokuqhakaza kwamaqanda kungaholela ekwandeni kokulahleka kombungu. Emfuleni iDanube, ukusakazeka kwenzeka kusukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni lapho izinga lokushisa ligcina ku-17 kuya ku-23 ° C. Akukaziwa kangako ngemikhuba eqabulayo yale nhlobo.

Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, izibungu ezi-stellate stellate azihlali kuphela ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi neziphakathi kwamanzi omfula, kodwa futhi nangaphezulu. Yehla yehle, futhi ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka okulandelayo, amandla abo okuhamba ashukumisayo ayakhula. Ukusatshalaliswa kwentsha esiteshini saseDanube kuyathinteka ngokudla, okwamanje kanye nokuntengantenga. Athuthela phansi ezansi ekujuleni kuka-4 kuya ku-6. Isikhathi sokuphila emfuleni siqala ngoMeyi kuze kube ngu-Okthoba, futhi ukondla okusebenzayo kuqala lapho izibungu zifinyelela ku-18-20 mm.

Iqiniso elihehayo: I-Stellate sturgeon ingafinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2 ubude nobudala obukhulu beminyaka engama-35. Izizinda zabesilisa nabesifazane zidinga ukuya eminyakeni eyi-6 ne-10, ngokulandelana. Izinsikazi zingathwala amaqanda aphakathi kuka-70,000 kuya ku-430,000, ngokuya ngosayizi wazo.

Njengamanye ama-sturgeon, ama-sturgeon stellgeon angena eMfuleni iDanube ukuze aqhume cishe unyaka wonke, kodwa kunezikhathi ezimbili eziphakeme. Le nqubo iqala ngoMashi ngamazinga okushisa wamanzi ayi-8 kuye ku-11 ° C, ifinyelela ekujuleni kwawo ngo-Ephreli futhi iqhubeke kuze kube uMeyi. Ukufuduka kwesibili okukhulu, kuqala ngo-Agasti futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube ngu-Okthoba. Le nhlobo ithanda indawo yokuhlala efudumele kunamanye ama-sturgeon aseDanube, futhi ukuhamba kwayo kokugeleza kwenzeka kumazinga okushisa kwamanzi adlula lawo okukhona ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.

Izitha zemvelo zama-sturgeon sturgeons

Izitha ze-stellar sturgeon zingabantu. Ukuthomba kokufika esikhathini (iminyaka eyi-6 kuya kwe-10) kubenza babe sengozini enkulu yokusebenzisa ngokweqile. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi isibalo sabo kumabhishi amakhulu sehlile ngo-70% kule minyaka edlule. Ngeminyaka yama-1990s, ukubanjwa ngokuphelele kukhule kakhulu ngokubonga ekubambeni okungekho emthethweni okungakaze kwenzeke ngaphambili. Ukuzingela esisekelweni saseVolga-Caspian kuphela kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukuphakama izikhathi eziyishumi nantathu kunemikhawulo eyamukelekayo.

Ukulawulwa kokugeleza komfula kanye nokudoba ngokweqile kuyizizathu eziphambili zokwehla kwamanani we-stellgeon sturgeon kuleli khulu lama-20. Ngeminyaka yama-1990s, ukubanjwa ngokuphelele kukhule kakhulu ngokubonga ekubambeni okungekho emthethweni okungakaze kwenzeke ngaphambili. Esigodini saseVolga-Caspian kuphela, ukuzingela kubhekwe njengezikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi eziyi-10-12 kunokubanjiswa okusemthethweni. Isimo esifanayo senzeka emfuleni i-Amur. Ukudoba ngokweqile nokuzingela kuholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu kokubanjwa okusemthethweni kwezomhlaba futhi ikakhulukazi endaweni ephakeme ye-stellgeon basin - iCaspian Sea.

I-Caviar iqanda le-sturgeon le-unsertilon. Kuma-gourmets amaningi, i-caviar, ebizwa nge- "pearl emnyama", ingukudla okumnandi. Izinhlobo ezintathu zokuhweba eziphambili ze-sturgeon zikhiqiza i-caviar ekhethekile: i-beluga, i-sturgeon (i-Russian sturgeon) ne-stellate stellate stellate (i-star sturgeon). Umbala nosayizi wamaqanda kuya ngohlobo nokuvuthwa kwamaqanda.

Namuhla i-Iran neRussia bangabathengisi abaphambili be-caviar, cishe i-80% yayo ebanjwa izinhlobo ezintathu ze-sturgeon oLwandle lweCaspian: I-Russian sturgeon (20% yemakethe), i-stellate sturgeon (28%) ne-sturgeon yasePheresiya (29%). Futhi, izinkinga ze-stellate sturgeon zibangelwa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, amadamu, ukubhujiswa kanye nokuqhekeka kwezingulule zemvelo nezindawo ezihlala kuzo, ezithinta izindlela zokufuduka nezindawo zokudla nokuzala.

Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo

Photo: Stellate izinhlanzi

IStellate sturgeon ibilokhu iyindawo ehlala izakhamuzi zaseMiddle and Upper Danube futhi manje isiqothuliwe isuka engxenyeni ephezulu yeDanube kanye nesigaba saseHungary-Slovak eMiddle Danube, ngoba bambalwa kuphela abantu abakwazi ukungena ngamasango emadamu weSango le-Iron. Umbono wokugcina owaziwa ukusuka esigabeni seSlovak wathathwa eKomarno ngoFebhuwari 20, 1926, kwathi owokugcina esigabeni samaHungary wabhaliswa eMojac ngo-1965.

Ngokusho kwencwadi ebomvu, ama-stellate sturgeon asengozini yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokuqothuka ngokweqile, ukuzingela, ukungcola kwamanzi, ukugqagqana kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemifudlana nemvelo yemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuya ngokuqapheleka kwesimanje kwi-Danube, isiseduze kokuqothulwa. Isimo samanje sabantu esihlaselwe kanzima ngokudoba ngokweqile esikhathini esidlule nendawo ngqo yezindawo ezihlakazekile ayaziwa. Kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kulondolozwe le nhlobo ngempumelelo.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-sturgeon angama-55,000 angama-stellgeon atholakala efile kuLwandle i-Azov ngonyaka we-1990 ngenxa yokungcoliswa komhlaba. Ukwehla okungu-87% kokubanjiswa kwezentengiselwano emhlabeni wonke kubonisa ukwehla kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

I-sturgeon yasendle (i-sturgeon ejwayelekile, i-Atlantic sturgeon, i-Baltic sturgeon, i-sturgeon yasolwandle yaseYurophu) ayikaze ibanjiswe ogwini lwaseFinland kusukela ngawo-1930s. Izinhlobo ezingaba kakhulu eziwela emanzini olwandle aseFinland yi-sturateon stellgeon. Zingahle zinyamalale njengoba izinhlobo zezimpahla ezigcinwe esitokisini ziyafa. AmaSturgeons aphila isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke le nqubo kungenzeka ukuthi ithathe isikhathi.

Amandla

Photo: Sevryuga kusukela Red Book

Cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-sturgeon zihlukaniswa ngokuthi zisengozini. Inyama yabo namaqanda abaluleke kakhulu (eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-caviar) kuholele ekushiseni ngokweqile nasekunciphiseni kwabantu be-sturgeon. Ukuthuthukiswa komfula kanye nokungcoliswa komhlaba kube nomthelela ekwehleni kwesibalo sabantu. I-sturgeon yasolwandle yaseYurophu, eyake yaba yimbubhiso eJalimane, yaphela cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Lolu hlobo kulindeleke ukuthi lubuyele emifuleni yeJalimane ngamaphrojekthi wokuphinda akhiqize.

Isu lomhlaba wonke lokulwa nokuqothulwa kwama-sturgeon libonisa izindawo ezisemqoka zomsebenzi ukuze kulondolozwe ama-sturgeon eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.

Isu ligxile kulokhu:

ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile
ukubuyiselwa kwendawo yokuhlala yempilo,
ukulondolozwa kwesitoko se-sturgeon,
ukwesekwa kwezokuxhumana.

I-WWF yenza imisebenzi yezemvelo emkhakheni ezifundeni nasemazweni ahlukene. Izenzo ezikhethekile zezwe zifaka izenzo e-Austria (imininingwane ngesiJalimane), iBulgaria (isiBulgaria), iNetherlands (iDutch), iRomania (iRomania), iRussia noMfula i-Amur (Russian) kanye ne-Ukraine (Ukraine).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-WWF isebenza ku:

Umgodi womfula iDanube onephrojekthi ekhethekile yokulwa nokuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwama-sturgeon eDanube,
ukubuyisela ukugeleza okungaphezulu kwemvelo koMfula iSt John River eCanada.

I-Stellate sturgeon - Enye yezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-sturgeon emhlabeni. Lezi zikhulu zamanzi ezindala zibhekana nezinsongo eziningi ekusindeni kwazo. Naphezu kokusinda Emhlabeni izigidi zeminyaka, ama-sturgeon sturgeons okwamanje asengcupheni yokushiswa ngokweqile nokuphazamiseka endaweni yawo yemvelo. I-Stellate sturgeon isengcupheni.

Izindawo zokuhlala zase Sturgeon

Eminyakeni edlule, yatholakala naseSiberia nase imifuleni yaseYurophu. Namuhla ibanjwa oLwandle iCaspian, ikakhulukazi ogwini lwayo olusentshonalanga. Ikhetha ukujula kwamamitha ayi-100 ngisho nama-300, futhi kuphela entwasahlobo iya ezingxenyeni ezincane zendawo yamanzi. Kuyatholakala ngaphezu koLwandle iCaspian oLwandle Olumnyama kanye ne-Azov. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ingena emifuleni enjenge-Urals, Volga, Kuban, Don, Terek neKura.

Ukuziphatha

Emifuleni, kuvame ukunamathela ezingxenyeni ezijulile. Yinhlanzi efudukayo engena imifula kabili ngonyaka, ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, kepha empeleni ayondli emanzini amasha. Ukuphila ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi, ngoba ubusika bulele kwizimbobo. Impumelelo ethile yatholakala lapho kuzalaniswa emizimbeni yamanzi emile.

Ukusabalalisa (ukuzalanisa)

Iqala ukuzala kamuva kunezinye izinhlobo zama-sturgeon. Njengomthetho, ukuqhekeka kuqala kumazinga okushisa wamanzi ukusuka ku-6 kuye ku-9 degrees, maphakathi no-Ephreli kanye neshumi leminyaka lokuqala likaMeyi. Abesilisa bafika esikhathini sokuthomba kuphela ngeminyaka engu-7-9 ubudala, nabesifazane - hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-11 ubudala. Ngokuqondene nokuzala, ngokwesilinganiso, kusuka kwinhlanzi yabantu abadala yakwaVolga, kusuka kumaqanda angama-106 kuye kwangama-470, amaqanda angatholakala, ezinhlotsheni zakwaDon nase-Ural lolu banga lungaba lubanzi kakhulu.

Emfuleni iVolga, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-stellate sturgeon kunwetshelwa isikhathi kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti emazingeni okushisa ukusuka ku-12 kuye ku-26 ° C. I-Caviar ikhutshiwe incanyana, imnyama ngebubanzi, ingabi ngaphezu kuka-2 mm. Inephunga elincane le-iodine ne-aftertaste ebuthakathaka.

Izifo namagciwane

I-polypodiosis, noma isifo esihlaselayo se-caviar yama-sturgeon amaningi, singabhekwa njengengqinamba enkulu, ukuthola isilinganiselo sokubaluleka komnotho. Kubangelwa yizinambuzane zamathumbu ezihlala ngaphakathi kwamaqanda. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka esiteji lapho kuvela isikhupha seqanda.

Ukuba khona kwesihlakala kunganqunywa kuphela ngokuhlolwa kwamaqanda - athelelekile ngokuvamile ngobukhulu.

Ama-Stellate sturgeon, njengamanye ama-sturgeon, atholakala ekuthelelekeni okuhlukahlukene esikalini nase gill. Ngokuvamile, le nhlanzi ayivame ukutheleleka ngamagciwane. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, khona-ke imvamisa ukulimala kubangelwa yizinambuzane eziqondile ezihambelana nomgudu wokuphefumula.

Izindlela zokudoba nezokudoba

Ngenxa yezimfanelo zayo ezinhle kakhulu zokucwaninga, ibilokhu iyisihloko sokubanjwa kwezimboni nakuma-amateur. It is ikakhulukazi emayini esifundeni North Caspian, lapho eminyakeni engama-40 edlule yabanjwa okungenani amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi ngonyaka. Into ehlukile yomholo ibikade kungukuthunyelwa kwe-stellate sturgeon caviar.

Emashumini eminyaka edlule, inani lezinhlobo ze-stellate zehlile kakhulu futhi okwamanje livikelekile. Kwezokudoba imidlalo ye-sturgeon yokudlala neyokuzijabulisa yenziwa ngamagiya ahlukahlukene angezansi. Ngezimboni zezimboni, amanethiwekhi, amanetha.

Indlela yokuphila ye-Stellar

IStellate sturgeon yinhlanzi efudukayo. Olwandle nasemifuleni kukhuphuka njalo ebusuku ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zokudla. Izindawo ezivundayo emifuleni zitholakala ngaphansi kwezindawo ezinwebekayo kwamanye ama-sturgeon. Ukufuduka okusabisayo kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Kwimifula eminingi, kuphenduka ama-2: intwasahlobo nokwindla. I-Autumn stellate stellate ebusika ezindaweni eziphansi zemigodi futhi ihlume entwasahlobo nasekuqalekeni kwehlobo lonyaka olandelayo, i-sturateon stellge, egijima entwasahlobo, izala kanye ehlobo. Igqekeza ezindaweni ezinamazinga ezikhukhula zasogwini agcwele amanzi angenalutho noma enkabeni yomfula ekujuleni kuka-9-13 m.

Izitha

I-caviar entshontshiwe ijatshulelwa ngokuhlwitha, amathole ezinkabi, amhlophe amhlophe, amabhuleki esiliva, ubhulamu, ikati, isigaqa, kanye nentsha ye-beluga, isikebhe kanye ne-sturgeon. Indawo ekhethekile ekuqothulweni kokuthuthukisa i-stellgeon caviar ekhethekile ihlalwa yi-gudgeon (efinyelela kumaqanda ayi-15 esiswini). Izibungu kanye nezibungu ze-stellate stellate, ziqothulwa yi-sabrefish, i-bluebird, isidleke ne-herring. Isitha esiyingozi kunazo zonke sensene stellgeon sturgeon yi-catfish. Amajanyana amakhulu adliwa ama-zander, perch, gobies nama-cyprinid angaphansi.

Ukugoqa

Ukudoba kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa induku ye-carp, i-feeder noma induku yokuntanta. Endabeni yokusebenzisa amagiya angaphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini enjalo kuyanconywa:

Ubude benduku buqhamuka kumamitha amane kuya kwayi-6. Ngokwemvelo, ukuqhela okukude, yilapho kufanele kube khona. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa izinduku zokudoba ngezindandatho zokugeleza kobumba.
Ungasebenzisa i-coil ye-inertialess, kepha, uma unikezwe usayizi womkhiqizo, kungcono ukusebenzisa umphindaphindi. Amandla - okungenani ama-150 m.
Zonke i-sturgeon - izinhlanzi zinamandla impela, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukusebenzisa umugqa wokudoba ngobukhulu obungu-0.3-0.4 mm. Kungaba yintambo yokuluka noma intambo ye-monofilament.
Kuholela ekubhekaneni okuphansi lapho ukudotshwa kwama-stellgeon sturgeon kufanele kwenziwe kususwe. Indwangu - fluorocarbon kusuka ku-0,25 mm ubukhulu. Ubude bawo buqala ku-0,5 kuye ku-1 m, ibanga phakathi kokuqhuma lifinyelela ku-0.5 m.
Njengoba izindawo eziningi zokugcina zalolu hlobo zimi, ama-sinks kungenzeka angabi nesimo esilinganiselwe.
Kungcono ukuthi usebenzise izingwegwe ze-carp ngesikhonkwane eside esingu-3-7.

Imishini yenduku yokudoba ingaba ngale ndlela elandelayo:

fanisa induku yokudoba nokuhlolwa okungenani kwama-30- 40 g,
Ukuphonsa usondelana ngomdlalo nge-clutch yangemuva nenani okungenani lama-150 m,
umugqa oyinhloko wokudoba - uqinile, uyashona, ubude obuphansi, ungamelana ne-abrasion 0,3 mm thick,
i-fleat - inqola enomthwalo we-7g + 3g noma 5g + 5g,
Ama-pellets we-5-6 ama-pcs okuhola asetshenziswa njengamanzi, atholakala ku-5-10 cm ngemuva komunye nomunye, isisindo sawo kufanele sihambisane nomthwalo wokuhlola we-float.

I-Bait

Iningi le-sturgeon stellgeon liya kwi-bait yeprotheni, kepha okunye ukudla okufuywayo nakho kuzodingeka. Ngokuthola izithiyo ezikhiqizayo zemvelaphi yezilwane kufaka phakathi:
gazinga

izingcezu ezincane ze-herring egayiwe,
ukubhema capelin 7-10 cm ubude,
Earthworms
squid, shrimp,
isibindi senyama yenkomo.

Ukudla okulandelayo kwemifino kuzoba nomphumela omuhle:

iphalishi,
ummbila (kokubilisiwe nokubilisiwe,
inhlama kafulawa noma kakolweni,
uphizi.

Amasu wokudoba

Ukuziphatha kwe-stellate sturgeon esendleleni yokuthola isithiyelo kunobuqili kakhulu futhi akunakuthengwa, ngokungafani nama-cyprinid afanayo. Inhlanzi idlula lapho ishehe kaningi, ihlole ngazo zonke izindlela ezingakhona, izame ngokucophelela. Konke lokhu kuhambisana nokushintshashintsha okuncane kanye namathiphu amancane wesikebhe. Umdobi uhlala edinga ukulungela ukwenza ukusika okubukhali. Kwenziwa lapho nje ukuntanta kuqala ukuhamba kakhulu noma kucwile.

Lapho udoba ngamagiya angaphansi, ukusebenza kwenhlanzi kuzoba okufanayo. Okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-stellate sturgeon ekukhiqizeni kuzoqala ukuthuthumela kancane, kuthi lapho ukuluma kugobe kakhulu.

Imizuzu embalwa yokuqala ngemuva kokuba inhlanzi iboshwe, kuzoba okubaluleke kakhulu kulo mdlalo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqaphele kakhulu futhi ungavumeli izenzo ezinzima kakhulu zestellate sturgeon. Ezama ukwehla kulayini, umhlaseli oqinile angaphula umugqa wokudoba nokuqhuma. I-stellate sturgeon iyakwazi ukujova ukugoba, ukubeka phansi, izame ukukusonga ku-driftwood.

Kunoma yikuphi, ungenzi ukunyakaza okungazelelwe, konke kufanele kukalwe futhi kucace.Yonke imizamo yokuhambisa izinhlanzi iye ohlangothini noma ekujuleni kufanele imiswe masinyane, kuyilapho kungafanele wenze okuthile ukuze ukunyakaza kokwenza umugqa wokudoba kuphambane ngokuphelele nokuziphatha kwenhlanzi, kufanele uyihoxise kancane kulitshe, uyiqede kancane kancane futhi uyihudulele ogwini.

Akufanele ulahlekelwe ukuqaphaza, noma ngesikhathi lapho ukukhiqizwa kuzobe kusondele kakhulu ogwini.

Lokhu ukugxuma okubukhali phezu kwamanzi uma kuxoshwa kusuka phansi kanzima. Inqubo enjalo ivame ukuholela ekulahlekelweni kokukhiqizwa.

IStellate sturgeon yinhlanzi yomndeni wakwaSturgeon ehlala oLwandle i-Azov kanye nolwandle lweCaspian. Lesi sidlakudla esikhulu ngokulingana, okuphakathi nendawo phakathi kwe-sterlet ne-sturgeon. Inyama yayo imnandi kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside ukudoba kwayo kwenziwa. Ukubanjwa okungalawulwa kwe-stellate stellate sturgeon nokwakhiwa okusakazekile kwe-hydro akuvumeli ukuba kuzalwe ngendlela ejwayelekile, okubeke umbono ezinqenqemeni zokubhujiswa. Uma isimo singashintshi, izinhlobo zinganyamalala ngokuphelele endle, ngoba njengamanje ama-90% abantu bakhule ngokuthile.

Ukuthomba

Abesilisa bafika esikhathini sokuthomba beneminyaka engu-9-13 ubudala, insikazi - iminyaka eyi-11-17. I-Azov stellate sturgeon iyavuthwa ngaphambili.

Isikhathi sokuphila

Ukusakazeka kwe-Stellate sturgeon

Izigxoba zolwandle olumnyama, Azov nolweCaspian. Imifula ephambili esehlayo yi-Urals, Volga, neKuban.

Umsoco

I-Stellate sturgeon idla kakhulu izinhlanzi, ingxenye ethile yama-mollusks nama-crustaceans, izingane ezineminyaka engu-1-3 ubudala zidla izibungu zomiyane. Ama-Juveniles, aqala ngosayizi ongu-5 cm, ekudleni kwaseDon delta ikakhulu kuma-benthos, ukudla kwawo okuyinhloko ama-chironomids, ama-kumatsei nama-tubifecids, futhi amakhulu (15 cm) - ama-mysids. KuKuban, ukudla okuyinhloko kuqukethe ama-oligochaetes, izibungu ze-chironomid kanye neMayflies; kubabeke olwandle - oligochaetes, Copepod, gammarid. ENyakatho yeCaspian, ama-sturgeon ama-stellate adla ikakhulu ama-crustaceans kanye nezibungu ze-chironomid ehlobo, futhi entwasahlobo, ikakhulukazi inhlanzi: i-tyulka nemithi.

Njengoba izingane zikhula, umfutho womsoco uyakhula. Ngenyanga yokuqala yokuhlala izingane olwandle, ithela ikakhulu ama-amphipods (89% wesisindo sokudla). Ukudla kwezinsane ezikhudlwana kune-10 cm kuqukethe ikakhulu ama-mysids (56-70%). Ku-stvengeon yezinsizwa ezinkulukazi, imvamisa yokondliwa kwansuku zonke ivezwa: emfuleni, idla kakhulu kakhulu ebusuku (amahora we-22- 24), nasolwandle - phakathi nosuku (amahora ayi-12-16).

Emanzini amasha, idla kahle kakhulu. Ulwandle lwenza ukufuduka okude fodder.

Indlela yokuphila ye-Stellar

Izitha

Ukuzala

I-sturning sturgeon sturgeon ku-Don yenzeka indawo eyi-200-860 km ukusuka olwandle. Umqondo wenziwa ngokushesha ekuseni noma amahora kusihlwa. I-sturgeon yokuqala yasentwasahlobo inyusa umfula ngokushesha okukhulu - 15-30 km ngosuku, igwema imisinga enamandla futhi inamathela ekujuleni okungashoni. Njengoba isikhathi sokuhluma sisondela, izinsikazi zivame ukuphuma emanzini (“ukushaya amakhandlela”), zishaye isisu ngamanzi. Ukukhuphukela emfuleni, i-sturgeon yasentwasahlobo yasentwasahlobo iyama njalo. Isikhathi sokuhlala esiphezulu kumfudlana onesivinini sokugeleza esingaphezu kuka-1 m / s asidluli amahora angama-3). Uma ukuze aphumule ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zasemini zasemanzini nasemifudlaneni, lapho aqongelela khona ngamanani amakhulu. Umsebenzi wokubhukuda okukhulu kakhulu ku-stellgeon sturgeon uzibonakalisa kusihlwa nasebusuku. Ubude bokuhlala sekwephuzile kwe-stellgeon stellateon emfuleni akukho ngaphezulu kwezinyanga ezi-2. Abesifazane besikhathi sokuqala kanye sekwephuzile kwentwasahlobo i-sturgeon spawn “ngokushesha”, kanti abesilisa basesimweni esibonakalayo cishe sonke isikhathi sokuhluma (izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2). Ngenxa yalokho, phakathi kokusakazeka, abesilisa abangu-6-8 ngowesifazane ngamunye, ekugcineni kokusakazeka, isilinganiso sobulili sifinyelela ku-1: 12–1: 15. Amadoda ebusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ama-sturgeon ahlala isikhathi eside emfuleni. Owayeshade naye bobabili abesifazane besikhathi sasebusika nasekuqalekeni kwentwasahlobo e-sturgeon, kanye nabesilisa besikhathi sokuqala kwentwasahlobo kanye “nabesilisa” babo nabesifazane bezimpawu zentwasahlobo ezifika sekwephuzile.

Phansi komfula Volga izindawo ezinamaphaza zitholakala phakathi kweVladimirovka neDubovka, futhi nasentabeni yesikhukhula somfula. Akhtuba. Amanye ama-sturgeon sturgeon aqala lapha emigodini, kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya kuJulayi, ekujuleni kuka-1.5-2 m, kuyilapho abanye - eVolga yendabuko, enduku, ekujuleni kuka-9-13 m, ukusuka kwengxenye kaJuni kuya ku-Agasti. Isisindo esikhulu sabantu besilisa sikhuphukela kwiVolga sineminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwengu-12, kepha phakathi kwabesilisa abagijimayo kuneminyaka esuka eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kweli-17. E-Volga stellate sturgeon ayikhuphukeli phezulu njengamanye ama-sturgeon afudukayo.

I-AT Ural kunezindlela ezimbili ezifanayo ze-stellate sturateon njengaseVolga; isikhathi sokukhuphuka kwazo ziyefana. E-Uri ephansi, kusatshalaliswa engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi.

Inkambo yasentwasahlobo eTaganrog Bay nezindawo eziphansi UDon Kuqala maphakathi no-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi futhi kugcina engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, kukhulu kakhulu ngoMeyi, inkambo yasekwindla yenzeka kusukela ekugcineni kuka-Agasti-ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba kuya ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba-ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, ukuhamba okukhulu kakhulu ngoSepthemba, ngo-Okthoba nasekuqalekeni kukaNovemba. I-AT Kuban iza ngesamba esikhulu impela. I-Kuban stellate sturgeon, efana ne-Kuban ram, i-bream, i-pike perch, ihlukile kwe-Don stellate, ukuqala kwe-Kubell stellate stellate kwenzeka ngoMeyi-Agasti, izinga lokukhula kwe-stellate ngayinye ye-stellate lihlukile: i-Kuban stellate ikhula ngesivinini ukwedlula iDell stellate, kodwa kusuka eminyakeni engu-9 incipha kune-Don stellate. Iminyaka engu-2 2 ngaphambi kukaDon.

I-AT Danube isifundo siqala ngoMashi-Ephreli futhi siqhubeka kuze kube nguNovemba-Disemba, sinciphe noma siyeke ngoJulayi-Septhemba. Izifundo eziku-Don zenzeka ku-4.2-24.5 ° C, ubukhulu ngo-14.4-17.4 ° C. Ekuqaleni kwenkambo yasentwasahlobo, abesilisa bafanelwa, ngenkathi izifundo zanda. Ukuzala kwe-Kuban stellate sturgeon sturgeon kusuka ku-84.8 (ubude 124 cm) kuya ku-471.7 (ubude 152 cm), isilinganiso samaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-200. I-Caviar phansi, ubukhulu obuyi-2.8-3 mm, inamathela kumatshe amatshe. Ukuzala kwe-stellate sturgeon kuyahlukahluka kusuka kumaqanda angama-53 kuya kwangama-916.

Ukuthomba

Abesilisa besitebele se-Kuban stellate stellate sifinyelela ebusheni kusukela eminyakeni engu-4, abesifazane kusukela beneminyaka engu-7.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Stellate sturgeon

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-embryonic emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu (15 ° C) kuthatha izinsuku eziyisithupha. Ekushiseni okungama-25 ° C, imibungu ibamba emva kwamahora angama-55-60. Izibungu zokuqala ezokwehlayo nezizibiliboco ezi-stellate (5-17 mm) e-Ural delta zivele eminyakeni eyishumi noma yesithathu kaMeyi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye nezibungu, izingane ezisanda kushintshela ekudleni okusebenzayo (ezingama-43 mm) nazo ziyabanjwa. Ukushintshwa kwama-larvae we-stellate ekunikezeni ukudla okusebenzayo kuqala ngolwesi-5 - usuku lwe-9 ngemuva kokudonswa phansi kubude be-18-19 mm. Izidalwa zeBenthic zisetshenziselwa ukudla emazingeni okuqala entuthuko, osayizi bawo yi-1-2 mm, ama-oligochaetes, ama-polychaetes, ama-korofiid, ama-gammarids, ama-mysids, izibungu kanye ne-pupae ye-chironomids (endaweni yokunwebeka). Eshumini sokuqala sikaJuni, ubude obuphakathi buqala kusuka ku-21-43 mm ngesisindo esilingana no-88-307 mg.

I-Mass ramp imvamisa ihamba lonke ngoJuni. Isisindo esijwayelekile sentsha ngasekupheleni kwenyanga sifinyelela ku-1.2-1.3 g.Nxa usungene olwandle, izingane zesitayitili se-sturgeon zihlala isikhashana endaweni eyincithakalo yenkangala, bese ziqala ukuzinza olwandle.

Inani lezomnotho

IStellate sturgeon yinhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiso, inani laso liyancipha. Zimbiwa ngamanetha abushelelezi nangezigxobo ezingasasebenzi. Amasheya agcinwa ngokuzalwa kabusha okwenziwe ngama-hatcheries. Inyama iphakeme ngokunambitheka. Ilungiselelwe ngefomu elibandayo kanye ne-ayisikhilimu, kanti ama-oysters asetshenziselwa ukulungisa ikhafa elisikiwe neligudwini, livame ukuxutshwa nelinye i-caviar le-sturgeon.

Kufakwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN.

Izincwadi:
1. N. Svetovidov. Izinhlanzi zoLwandle Olumnyama. IMoscow-Leningrad, ngo-1965
2. L. S. Berg. Izinhlanzi ezinamanzi ahlanzekile e-USSR kanye namazwe angomakhelwane. Ingxenye 1. Edition 4. IMoscow, 1948
3. Lebedev V. D., Spanovskaya V. D., Savvaitova K. A., Sokolov L. I., Tsepkin E. A. Izinhlanzi zase-USSR. IMoscow, iThando, ngo-1969
4. Izinhlanzi zasenyakatho nesifunda saseLower Volga: Ezincwadini ezi-3. Isikhulu 1. Ukwakheka kwe-ichthyofauna, izindlela zokufunda / i-E.V. IZavyalov, A.B. URuchin, G.V. UShlyakhtin et al. - ISaratov: Indlu Yokushicilela yeSarat. Inyuvesi, 2007 .-- 208 s: kugula.
5. Izinhlanzi zaseKazakhstan: Amathani ayi-5 / Mitrofanov V.P., Dukravets G.M., Peseridi N.E. et al. - Alma-Ata: Nauka, 1986. T. 1. Lampreys, Sturgeons, Hfer , ISalimon, iPike. - 272 k.

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