I-Falcon eyaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abangavumelani nesayensi yi-peregrine falcon. Ukuthandwa komhlaba wonke kwalolu hlobo kwalethwa amandla alo okuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu samamitha angama-90 ngomzuzwana (322 km / h) - akuyona inyoni eshesha nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nesidalwa esiphila ngokushesha kunazo zonke eMhlabeni.
Ukusakaza kusuka i-peregrine falcon ibukele ikhamera online eSontweni LaseSt Michel naseSt Gudula eBrussels.
Inyanga eyodwa nesigamu ngaphambi kokubekwa kwamaqanda, owesilisa uqala ukondla insikazi kakhulu (impumelelo yokuzala incike emafutheni akhe). Ukudluliselwa kokudla kwe-peregrine falcons kungumbono omuhle kakhulu: iduna elisendizeni lidlulisa inyamazane iye kowesifazane, ophendukela phansi emoyeni ukuze athathe ukudla emathangeni akhe kuye emathangeni akhe. Ukufakwa kweqanda, kuye ngesiza esidlekayo, kuqala kusukela ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kuze kube maphakathi noMeyi (enyakatho, kamuva). Usayizi wobumbano uvame ukuba yi-3-4 (1 kuye ku-5), amaqanda ayindilinga. Isikhathi sokufakwelwa yizinsuku ezingama-34- 38. Eminyakeni engu-45 yezinsuku, izinyoni ezincane zithatha iphiko, kepha kusuka emavikini amane kuya kwayisithupha zihlala nabazali endaweni yazo yokudla, ngemuva kwalokho zizimele ngokuphelele. Isilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu sokuphila kwama-peregrine falcons yiminyaka eyi-18.
I-Peregrine Falcons kudala isetshenziswa ngabantu njengezinyoni ezizingelayo. Ezinsukwini zakudala, kwakuyinkosi noma isikhulu kuphela esasingaba nenyoni enjalo ngokusemthethweni. Kepha ngisho kwamanje ukuzingela nge-peregrine falcon kungumsebenzi obiza kakhulu, okungewona wonke umuntu ongakwazi ukukhokhela.
Ukubonakala kwe-Peregrine Falcon
Ubude bomzimba be-peregrine falcon buyehluka phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-35-58. Abesilisa bancane kunabesifazane. Isisindo somzimba sowesifazane singamakhilogremu angama-0.9-1,5, kanti owesilisa awazuzi ngaphezu kwama-450-750 amagremu.
Okusho ukuthi, izintokazi zikhulu izikhathi ezi-2 kunezabesilisa. Phakathi kokubhalwe phansi kwabesifazane, umehluko osindayo ungaba amagremu angama-300. Ngokwesilinganiso, umehluko wesisindo phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ungama-30%. Amaphiko asukela kumasentimitha angama-75 kuya kwangama-120.
Umbala weplamu nawo ufana nowesifazane nowesilisa. Ezingxenyeni ngazinye zomzimba, umehluko wombala uyisici. Kubantu abadala, amaphiko, emuva ne-torso kumnyama-mnyama. Kulesi sisekelo, imivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyabonakala. Isisu sikhanya ngemisundu emnyama noma emnyama. Izeluleko zamaphiko zimnyama. Umsila umfishane futhi mude, umphetho wawo uyindilinga futhi unombala omnyama onemiphetho emhlophe.
UPeregrine Falcon udla inyamazane.
Iningi lekhanda limnyama. Amadevu angajwayelekile aqala ukusuka kuqhwaku aye emphinjeni - izimpaphe zombala omnyama. Isifuba kanye nengaphambili lomzimba kukhanya, ngokumelene nesizinda sekhanda elimnyama abukeka ngaso ngokuhlukile. Imilenze iphuzi ngezinsimbi ezimnyama. Isisekelo somlomo waso siphuzi, futhi simnyama. Uqhwaku luphela ngamazinyo amancane, okuthi kulo inyamazane ilume umgogodla wesisulu. Amehlo makhulu, anombala onsundu, azikho izimpaphe ezibazungezile - lesi yisikhumba esingenalutho sombala ophuzi ophuzi.
Intsha ayinawo amaplamu angefani kangako. Isisu saso sivele sivele ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanti umhlane wabo onsundu. Engxenyeni engezansi yesisu kunezifo.
Ukuziphatha kwe-Peregrine Falcon kanye nokudla okunempilo
Ama-peregrine falcons akhetha ukuhlala kude nabantu - ezigodini ezinamadwala, ezansi kwamafufula, imigodi yemifula esezintabeni namachibi noma ezindaweni ezikude. Lezi zilwane zidla ngokuthanda okucacile emadwaleni, lapho ungacasha khona kalula kwizinyoni ezinkulu. Lezi zi-falcons kanye nezindawo ezinkulu zamaxhaphozi zihlala, kodwa azithandi izikhala ezivulekile kanye okuphambene nalokho kwamahlathi aminyene.
Okufudukayo kuphela kwaleyo mikhakha ehlala ezindaweni ezibucayi ze-Arctic. Ebusika, baya eningizimu - eBrazil, e-USA, eSoutheast Asia. Ama-Subspecies ahlala eNdiya, e-Australia, e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika ahlala unyaka wonke endaweni eyodwa.
Ekhuluma ngekhono lalezi zinyoni ukundizela ngejubane eliphakeme, kufanelekile ukuphawula ukwakheka okungajwayelekile komlomo. Ngejubane elikhulu, ukumelana nomoya kukhuphuka kakhulu, umfutho ophakeme kangako ungadala ukuqhuma kwamaphaphu, kepha i-peregrine falcon ayenzeki ngoba inezibonakaliso ezikhethekile zamathambo eduze kwamakhala okusebenza njenge-chipper yokugeleza komoya, ukuqondisa ohlangothini . Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-peregrine falcons aphefumula kalula ngisho nasekuweni okusheshayo.
Indiza ye-Peregrine Falcon iyashesha futhi iyashesha.
Amehlo ala manga avikelwe futhi ngama-membranes akhethekile, abizwa ngekhulu lesithathu. Ngakho-ke, imvelo icabange ngayo yonke imininingwane ngemininingwane emincane kakhulu ukuze ama-peregrine falcons azizwe ekhululekile noma ewa ngejubane elingamakhilomitha angama-620 ngehora. Kepha ijubane elikhulu kakhulu elirekhodiwe lapho lezi zinyoni ezidonsa dive zingamakhilomitha angama-389 ngehora. Ijubane leli laqoshwa ngo-2005.
Lalela izwi le-peregrine falcon
Ama-Peregrine Falcons angabadli bangempela, ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuzisola okuncane, abhubhisa ezinye izinyoni. Ukudla kwabo kufaka inani elikhulu lezinyoni. Inani labo lifinyelela inkulungwane eyodwa nesigamu, lezi yizimpungushe, izimpungushe zasendle, izinyoni zasolwandle, iziloba, izilo, izinkanyezi, amakhokho, amagwababa, amabhulukwe amnyama nokunye. Ngaphezu kwezinyoni, lamanga adla izinduku. Futhi ezinhlangeni zalaba bantu abahlaselayo kukhona ama-squirrels, hares kanye namalulwane. Ama-Peregrine falcons kanye nezinambuzane ziyadla, kepha zakha ingxenye encane yokudla. Ama-peregrons falcons azingela, njengomthetho, ekuseni nakusihlwa, kodwa futhi angadla ebusuku.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Lezi zinyoni ezidla inyamazane, zakha amabhangqa ngokuphila. Imibhangqwana ibhujiswa kuphela ngemuva kokushona kowesifazane noma owesilisa. Izindawo zezinyoni ezidlekayo ziyefana iminyaka eminingi. I-Peregrine Falcons ayihlanganisi endaweni eyodwa. Umbhangqwana ngamunye unesabelo sawo, lapho izinyoni zidla futhi zizalele khona. Phakathi kwezidleke ze-peregrine falcon, ibanga lifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-2-3.
Ezifundeni ezihlukene, isikhathi sokuzala senzeka ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Isibonelo, ama-peregrine falcons ahlala ku-ikhwetha enza ubumnandi ukusuka ngoJuni kuya kuDisemba. Amaphikseli amaningi asenyakatho abeka amaqanda kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. Ezakhamuzini zaseningizimu, le nkathi iba ngoFebhuwari-Mashi.
Uma i-clutch yokuqala ilahlekile ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, khona-ke owesifazana wenza okusha. Imvamisa, la makhonkwane akha izidleke zawo ngaphezulu komhlaba, emadwaleni noma emigodini yezihlahla. Kuya ngokuthi izinyoni zihlala kuphi. Lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama azinaki izidleke ezishiywe kwezinye zezinyoni.
I-Peregrine Falcon inyoni edla inyama.
Ngaphambi kokuzalela, izinyoni zidlala i-mating, owesilisa wenza izibalo ezinhlobonhlobo ze-airy phambi kowesifazane. Uma insikazi ihlala phansi eduzane nowesilisa, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi unaka yena, ngakho-ke, kwakhiwa umbhangqwana. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abesilisa bangondla abakhethiweyo babo emoyeni, kuyilapho owesifazana eguqula isisu sakhe ukuthi sidliwe.
I-Clutch iqukethe amaqanda ayi-2-5. Bobabili abazali bayabandakanyeka ekusukeni inzalo. Kepha esikhathini esiningi isifazane sichitha esidlekeni, owesilisa uthola ukudla. Isikhathi sokufakelwa sihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga.
Amachwane asanda kuzalwa embozwe mhlophe futhi grey phansi. Ekuqaleni, izingane azisizi ngalutho. Owesifazane uzifudumeza ngomzimba wakhe. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5, amaphuphu aba namaphiko. Ekupheleni kwenyanga yesi-2 yokuphila, izilwane ezincane zizimela ngokuphelele futhi zishiya abazali bazo.
Ama-petshisi kuma-peganterines avela unyaka owodwa emva kokuzalwa. Eminyakeni engu-2-3 yokuphila, la makhaza aqala ukwanda. Ngonyaka, insikazi yenza i-1 clutch. Isikhathi sokuphila endle yisilinganiso seminyaka engama-25, kepha kukholelwa ukuthi ama-falcons aphila iminyaka eyi-100-120. Kungenzeka kube njalo, kepha ubufakazi balokhu kule thethi abukho.
Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, cishe ama-60-70% wezinyoni ezincane ziyafa. Le nombolo yehliswa ngo-30% njalo ngonyaka. Ubuningi balezi zinyoni zezinyamazane ziphila iminyaka eyi-15-16, ngoba zinezitha eziningi kakhulu.
Izitha ze-peregrine falcon
Zonke izidlamlilo zomhlaba kanye nezinye izinyoni ezinkulu ezinama-peregrine falcons yizitha zazo zemvelo. Isikhova, ukhozi, impungushe kubeka engcupheni i-falcon. Lezi zinyamazane zidla izidleke futhi zidle ubumbano.
Kepha isitha esikhulu se-peregrine falcon ngumuntu owandisa umhlaba wezolimo futhi asebenzise izinambuzane, ezibulalayo hhayi kuphela ezibulala amagciwane, kodwa futhi nezinyoni ezibhubhisa lezi zinambuzane. Futhi, abantu babhubhisa indawo yemvelo yama-peregrine falcons.
Maqondana nalokhu, kwamanye amazwe ama-peregrine falcons abhalwe ku-Red Book. Namuhla kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ngentshiseko izindlela zokonga inani lezinhlobo. Abantu bebelokhu bejwayelana nama-peregrine falcons ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka, abantu basebenzise ngentshiseko lezi zidlo ezinamaphiko ku-falconry, ngoba banamanyala futhi bayashesha.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
I-Peregrine Falcon Incubator
Ukuze uvimbele i-peregrine falcon ekubeni yinyama ezisengozini enkulu enhlokodolobha, uMnyango Wezokuphathwa Kwezemvelo wahlela ukuthatha izinyathelo zokubuyisa inani lale nyoni eyinqaba ngonyaka we-Ecology.
Ngemiyalo yomnyango e-All-Russian Research Institute of Ecology, isikhungo esingaphansi koMnyango Wezemithombo Yezemvelo, ekuqaleni konyaka ukutholwa okungaphezulu kuka-15 kwama-peregrine falcon Falcons kubazali abane.
Ngemuva kokukhethwa kwekhomishini yezingcweti, la malungwana angu-15 akhululwa endaweni yawo yemvelo. Amachwane asekhulile kamuva azinza ezakhiweni zenhloko-dolobha, kepha ekuqaleni inqubo ebuhlungu yokuncelisa kwawo yayisazofika.
Nabazali ngokwabo abawakhandanga amaqanda isikhathi eside kakhulu: isikhathi esiningi amaqanda ayeku-incubator. Futhi ekuqaleni konyaka, ama-falcons amancane abona ukukhanya.
"Noma kunjalo, lezi akuzona amadada noma izinkukhu ezijaha unyaka wonke. Kumaphaphu e-peregrine, lesi sehlakalo esingajwayelekile, ngoba inyoni inkulu, inyoni eyivelakancane edinga inkululeko yokuzikhethela nenkululeko yokuhamba," kwabelana uSergei Burmistrov.
Ngaphandle kokuthi amachwane azalwe ekudingisweni, ochwepheshe benza konke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bakha isimo esifanelekile semvelo.
Futhi yize ngesikhathi sokuzalwa lezi zinhla ezinhle ze-fluffy zibukeka ngendlela yokuthi akunakwenzeka ukubamba futhi ungazishayi, kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukwenza lokhu.
"Into ebaluleke kakhulu yenkukhu, hhayi eyenkukhu kuphela, kepha noma yisiphi esinye isilwane sasendle, kuwumbono wokuqala. Ngakho-ke, baphinde banikwa ukudla okuvulekile emabhokisini ukuze bangacabangi ukuthi umuntu uyisihlobo," kusho uSergei mayelana ubuqili benqubo.
Ukuphathwa kwendlu eKremlin
Ngemuva kokuba amachwane akhule kancane futhi aguqula izimpaphe zawo zaba ngamapheya, athuthwa ayiswa emabhokisini, afakwe kuqala ezindaweni eziningana eMoscow.
Phakathi kwazo kukhona umbhoshongo weKonstantin-Eleninsky weKremlin nophahla lwendlu No. 41 emigwaqweni yaseProfsoyuznaya. Ngosuku lwe-Ecology Day, amaphuphu "athuthelwa" eKremlin nguNgqongqoshe Wezemvelo Nezemvelo YaseRussia uSergey Donskoy nenhloko yoMnyango Wezokulawulwa Kwemvelo eMoscow u-Anton Kulbachevsky.
USergei Burmistrov uthe ngaphambi kokuba amachwane akhishwe endle, achithe cishe amasonto amabili emabhokisini amasha. Lokhu futhi kuyingxenye yezobuchwepheshe bokuvumelanisa nendawo yemvelo.
"Manje ama-falcons asekhulile asezilungiselele, azingela, aqalaza futhi maduze azoya ezingomeni ezifudumele ubusika. Uma lezi zinyoni zibuya entwasahlobo elandelayo, kungenzeka ukuthi zizinze kulamabhokisi," kusho uchwepheshe.
Ngokuhlangana okuhle kwezimo, imibhangqwana ingavela phakathi kwalezi zimfene zase-peregrine, bese isizukulwane esilandelayo sezinyoni sizobona amabhokisi.
Kepha, iqiniso, omakhelwane bokuqala "emkhombeni" ngeke bahlale ndawonye, njengasehostela, izinyoni ezinhlanu zocansi ezihlukene ebholeni. Ngakho-ke, izakhiwo ezinjalo nazo zifakiwe kwezinye izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu zaseMoscow - lezo lapho i-peregrine Falcons kungenzeka ihlale khona.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ziningi izakhiwo ezikhuphukayo enhlokodolobha, hhayi zonke zazo ezilungele impilo ye-peregrine falcon.
"Uma umuntu ehamba njalo, izinyoni zimane zibaleke. Izimo ezinje azifanelekile ukuthi zihlale ngokuthula," kuchaza uBurmistrov.
Into enjengale yenzekile ngeziphonso zesakhiwo soMnyango Wezangaphandle kanye ne-Stalinist skyscraper eKotelnicheskaya Embankment. Kwake kwenzeka isikhashana, ama-peregrine falcons nawo ahlala lapho, kodwa ngenxa yokufakwa esikhundleni kwesipele esakhiweni soMnyango Wezangaphandle, kwadingeka abaleke. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ngemuva kokuphothulwa komsebenzi wokulungisa, izinyoni zingabuya lapho.
Futhi ekwakhiweni kweMosco State University eqanjwe ngegama elithi Lomonosov, izinyoni sezihlale isikhathi eside. Kulonyaka, abantu ababheka imikhuba yabo bezwe amazwi amachwane amancane. Kwavela ukuthi i-pex yama-peregrine falcons yayinezingane ezintathu. Babenezintambo, bahlolwe babuyiselwa esidlekeni.
Umaka wezemvelo
IPeregrine Falcon isemaphethelweni aphezulu wepiramidi wokudla, ngakho-ke uma ehlala kwenye indawo, zonke ezinye izingqimba zezimbali nezilwane zihlelekile ngokuphelele.
EMoscow, i-falcon idla cishe kuyo yonke into endizayo. Phakathi kokudla kwakhe kukhona amajuba, amajuba.
Amagundane anjengamagundane namagundane awondli kuma-peregrine falcons ikakhulukazi ngenxa yendlela yawo yokuzingela - ngisho nenkosi enjalo yezindiza ngeke ikwazi ukubopha ngokushesha komhlaba ongaphezulu komhlaba ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-300 km / h.
Isipiliyoni saseNtshonalanga
Engxoxweni abe nayo nentatheli yaseMoscow engu-24, uSergei Burmistrov waphawula ukuthi uMnyango Wezemvelo waseMoscow uhlela ukuqhubeka nokusebenzela ukubuyisa inani labantu base-peregrine falcon. Ubuye wabelana ngesipiliyoni sozakwabo aseNtshonalanga, abakwazile ukuheha izakhamizi ezijwayelekile kuma-peregron falcons.
"EMelika, uma kukhona i-peregrine falcon ophahleni lwendlu yakho, kumele bafake amakhamera nezicupho zamakhamera ezisakaza ku-inthanethi isithombe esise-plasma esikhungweni sezakhiwo. Indlela eqondile impela," kusho uchwepheshe.
Ezakhiweni zenhloko-dolobha ezilungele ukuhlalisa izinyoni, uSergei uqoke ama-skrocrapers aseMoscow City, ebabiza indawo enhle kakhulu yokuthi i-peregrine falcon ingahlala khona.
Ukuzingela kwe-Falcon
IPeregrine Falcon iyinyoni eshesha kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi azikho ezinye izinhlobo ezingancintisana nayo. Abantu babazi ngalokhu ezikhathini zasendulo futhi basebenzisa ama-falcons ukuzingela umdlalo.
E-Russia, i-falconry yayibizwa ngokuthi ukuzingela kwesiqongo esikhulu ngesizathu. Iqiniso ngukuthi lezi zinyoni zinesici esibalulekile esihlukanisayo - azidlali ukubamba izisulu zazo ngendlela efanayo nanjena.
I-falcon igxuma isisulu sayo isuka phezulu, ikhula ngesivinini esingaphezu kuka-300 km / h bese iyinqamula ngemishayo ebukhali. Kubukeka kuyamangaza impela, ngakho-ke ukuqamba amanga bekugcwele emhlabeni wonke futhi kusengomunye wemidlalo ebaluleke kakhulu.
