I-dianema ende egobekile (yethusi)Dianema Longibavbus) kusatshalaliswa emgodini we-Amazon wesifunda saseMato Grosso. Ifinyelela ubude obuyi-8-9 cm.
Umzimba uphakeme, uphakeme, uyindilinga. Ngokuya ngezimo ezise-aquarium, umbala uguquka usuka okhanyayo okhanyayo ube ngamathoni ethusi. Amaphiko makhulu, athuthuke kakhulu, apendwe ngombala ophuzi. Umzimba wonke umbozwe ngenani elikhulu lamabala amnyama amnyama, okuthi phakathi nomzimba ahlangane kube umucu omnyama wokuhlangana. Amehlo makhulu, asebenza kakhulu, i-iris iwolintshi. Umlomo ongaphansi, ophakeme ngokuqinile phambili, uphela ngamabili amabili wezimpondo ubude obungu-3-3,5 cm.Obhangqa linye luvundlile, elinye liqondiswe phansi. I-dianema enamagxolo amade inezikali ezinkulu ezitholakala emigqeni emi-2, ehlangana phakathi nomzimba. Isisu samathoni akhanyayo, ngesikhathi sokukhishwa, uthola umbala onsundu-owolintshi. Njengabo bonke abameleli bomndeni we-shell-catfish, ama-dianems ngezikhathi ezithile akhuphukela ebusweni bamanzi futhi agwinye umoya osemkhathini. Isici esibonakalayo salezinhlobo yikhono lokufriza ngokunganyakazi kukholamu yamanzi, bese ngokuthula kuqhubeka nokuqhubeka kokunyakaza. Zingagcinwa ezindaweni zasemanzini ngenani elincane lezitshalo nezinhlobo ezincane zezinhlanzi. Mayelana nokudla, ama-dianemas awathobeki, adla ngokuzithandela izinhlobo zokudla eziphila nezomile, kepha akhetha izinhlobo zamagazi, ezisuswa kalula kusilika. Ukuze ulondoloze futhi usebenzise i-dilution sebenzisa ubulukhuni bamanzi uze ufike ku-18 °, pH 6.8-7.2 kanye nokushisa okungama-23-27 ° C.
I-Spawning ivuswa ukwehla kwamanzi e-aquarium, ukungezwa okubalulekile kwamanzi amasha, kanye nokwehla kwengcindezi yasemkhathini. Iduna lakha isidleke esincane ngaphansi kweshidi elintantayo noma ucezu lwegobolondo le-polystyrene, lapho ama-glucsikazi amaqanda angama-150-250 amaqanda aphuzi. Njengoba amaqanda ekhula, aguqula umbala wawo ube mpunga omnyama. Amacala okusakazeka ayaziwa lapho i-caviar ifakwa ngaphansi kwe-spawar. Ukondla uFry kuyafana nezinye izinkukhu. Kuyadingeka emavikini okuqala, ngaphambi kokuvela kwekhono lokugaya umoya osemkhathini, qapha ikhwalithi yamanzi. I-Bronze Dianema iyavuthwa eneminyaka eyi-1.
I-Dianema ende ekhonkothiwe (yethusi) = I-Dianema longibarbis Cope, 1872
I-dianema emide enamabala noma i-bronze ihlala eSouth America. Uhla lwayo ngokusobala luboshwe uMfula iMato Grosso, ogeleza ngeBrazil.
Ubude bomzimba wedayema elinezinwele ezinde bufika ku-9 cm. Umzimba uyindilinga ngokuma, uphakeme ngokuqinile, ngaphambili uphelelwa yisigaxa esimise okomhluzi. Umlomo ongaphansi, onezindebe ezakhiwe kahle futhi uhlanganiswa ngamabili amabanga amadevu. Amaphiko akhule kahle afakwa ngopende ophuzi. Umbala womzimba kusuka okhanyayo okhanyayo uye kubhedu. Izindawo ezincane ezimnyama ezisakazeke emzimbeni wonke zakha umugqa ophahlazekile. Amehlo amakhulu nge-iris ye-orange, futhi iselula kakhulu.
Umzimba umbozwe izikali ezinkulu ezifana tile futhi ihlelwe ngemigqa emibili. Isisu sinombala okhanyayo, kepha lapho sijabule, kuba mnyama kakhulu, size sicishe sibe nsundu.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ibuthakathaka. Esikhathini sokuzala kuphela lapho owesilisa eba nomzimba omncane kunowesifazane olungele ukuqhuma.
Ukulungiswa kwe-dianema ende edwetshwe, i-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-50 ilungile impela. I-aquarium ingatshalwa ngezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga ahlukaniswe kahle. Kudingeka indawo yokukhosela e-aquarium, kanye nezindawo lapho izinhlanzi zingabhukuda ngokukhululeka. Amapharamitha wamanzi wokuqukethwe: ubulukhuni bufika ku-18 °, pH cishe ngo-7.0, izinga lokushisa 23-27 ° С. Ukuhlunga nokufakelwa kuyadingeka, kanye noshintsho lwamasonto onke lufika kuma-30% wevolumu yamanzi.
I-Dianema enamagxolo amade - uhlobo olunokuthula, oluhola umhlambi wokuphila. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, i-dianema enamagxolo amade ihlala ihlala endaweni, emva kwalokho iqhubeka ngokungathi akwenzekanga lutho. Omakhelwane e-aquarium bangaba nganoma yisiphi isayizi, ama-dianems awathinti ngisho nama-cyprinid amancane.
Ukondla i-dianema yezinwele ezinde kufanele kube okuphakelayo okuhlukahlukene okuyisimangaliso nokuhlanganisiwe.
Ukuzalanisa i-dianema emise emide, kuyadingeka i-aquarium engaba amalitha angama-60. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukwanda kwethanga kushukunyiswa ukwehla kwengcindezi yasemkhathini, kanye nokukhuphuka kwamandla okujwayelekile nokushintshwa kwamanzi kufinyelela kuma-50% amanzi. Ukuphinda kabili. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, ama-glucs amaqanda afakwa eshidini elibanzi elintantayo phezu kwamanzi, okungathathelwa indawo ipuleti Foam noma ipuleti lepulasitiki elifanele. Izinga lokushisa ku-aquarium kufanele lehliswe ngu-2-4 ° C. I-Caviar ikhula kungakapheli amahora angama-70-120. Ukudla okuqala kuka-gazinga: zooplankton, okuphakelayo okuncane, okuhlanganisiwe okuhlanganisiwe.
Ukubukeka
I-Dianem enamagxolo amade ikhula ibe ngu-10 cm. Umbala oyinhloko usukela ku-beige ekhanyayo iye kobomvu. Kukhona izindawo eziningi ezimnyama emzimbeni ezakha umugqa we-longitudinal phakathi komzimba kanye nemigqa eguqukayo esuka kuwo ekhoneni. Amaphiko kukhona obala, nsundu ophuzi, imisebe imnyama. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayicacile, abesilisa banemisebe encane ephakeme kakhulu yama-pectoral fins, mncane kunabesifazane.
Umsoco
I-Bronze Dianema ayithobeki ekudleni, yamukela iningi lezinhlobo ezithandwayo zokudla ezomile, eziqandisiwe nezingapheli. Isimo esibalulekile ukuthi kufanele zishaywe ngokuminza, kepha ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, izinhlanzi ezindala ziyakwazi ukudla ngaphezulu.
I-aquarium yamalitha ayi-100 yanele iqembu elincane le-catfish. Idizayini isebenzisa isaladi ethambile yesanti, izitshalo ezibamba amagxathu nezintantayo, izindawo zokukhosela ezahlukahlukene ngesimo sezingibe, izimpande noma amagatsha esihlahla, noma ezinye izinto zokuhlobisa. Izimo zamanzi we-Optimum zinamanani amancane we-pH e-aluminium phezu kobunzima obukhulu. Imvamisa kwanele ukuvikela amanzi cishe usuku futhi uwuthulule ku-aquarium.
Ngokuvamile, i-catfish ayisiyimilwelwe futhi iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngempumelelo, ngakho-ke, uma igcinwa kanye nezinye izinhlanzi, izimo zokuphila zibekelwe zona ikakhulukazi.
Ukulungiswa kwe-aquarium kuncishiselwa ekuhlanzeni kwenhlabathi okuvamile kusuka ekuchitheni imfucumfucu kanye nokufakwa endaweni yamanzi masonto onke (i-10-15% yevolumu) okusha.
Ukuziphatha kanye nokuvumelana
Izinhlanzi ezinokuthula ezinokuthula eziphephile ngisho nezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu ze-aquarium. Kuhamba kahle kakhulu nabamele iziloba zase-Amazonia, njenge-tetras, ama-cichlid aseNingizimu Melika, amakhorali we-catfish nabanye. Azikho izingxabano ze-intraspecific ezitholakele. I-dianema enamagxolo amade ingagcinwa ngazinye futhi eqenjini. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi emphakathini wezihlobo uziphatha ngokwengeziwe.
Ukuzalela / Ukuzalela
Ukuthola inzalo ekhaya kuyinkinga impela, kepha kungenzeka. Ubunzima obukhulu ukulingisa izimo zemvelo, ukuqothuka kwe-catfish ekuqaleni kwenkathi yemvula ehlobo. Kodwa-ke, ngokwezindawo zaseNingizimu Melika, isikhathi sasehlobo siba sezinyangeni ezahlukahlukene, lokhu kunguJuni - Agasti enyakatho yekhwetha, kwathi ngoDisemba - uFebhuwari esivele iseningizimu yekhwetha. Ukusondela kwe-catfish ezihlotsheni zayo zasendle, okungukuthi, isizukulwane sesibili, sesithathu noma sesine esitholwe ekuthunjweni, kuyasizwela kakhulu ezimeni zangaphandle.
Izincomo ezijwayelekile zokuzalela i-Dianema ende enenwele ushintsho olubushelelezi lwezimo zamanzi ngokungeza amanzi apholile kakhulu wezinsuku ezimbalwa nokufakwa kokudla okubukhoma ekudleni. Ukushisa kwehliselwa ku-23-24 ° C futhi kugcinwe kuze kube sekupheleni kokuqhuma.
Ukuqala kwenkathi yokuzalela kunganqunywa yisisu esikhule kakhulu - lokhu kungowesimame, obomvu kusuka kwthole. Ngakho-ke maduze kufanele ulindele ukuthi uqhume, uqaphe ngokucophelela i-aquarium, futhi lapho amaqanda evela, ngokushesha uwafake ethangini elihlukile elinesimo esifanayo ukuze zingabi yisisulu sezinye izinhlanzi nabazali bazo.
Isifo sezinhlanzi
Isizathu esikhulu sezifo eziningi yizimo ezingafanele nokudla okunekhwalithi okungekuhle. Uma kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala, kufanele uhlole amapharamitha wamanzi kanye nobukhona bokugxila okuphezulu kwezinto ezinobungozi (i-ammonia, i-nitrites, i-nitrate, njll.), Uma kunesidingo, buyisela izinkomba kokujwayelekile futhi kuphela bese uqhubeka nokwelashwa. Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngezimpawu nokwelashwa, bheka isigaba se-Aquarium Fish Diseases.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Kuqukethwe ngamaqembu ezindaweni ezinamanzi amaningi. Ingagcinwa e-aquarium ejwayelekile enezindawo zokukhosela namathanga adala izindawo zobusuku. Amapharamitha wamanzi: izinga lokushisa 22- 28 ° C, ubulukhuni 5-20 ° dH, pH 6-7.5.
Ama-dianem amade abanjwa yinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula, zivame ukubanjwa ngamaqembu ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi neziphakathi kwamanzi. Lapho befuna ukudla, bavusa inhlabathi ngentshiseko, bangazingcwaba lapho ngokwesaba. Emvelweni, kuvame ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlobene - umucu we-stripe-taanema (I-Dianema urostriatum).
Ukudla: bukhoma, esikhundleni salokho.
I-Dianema yethusi, i-dianema ende enamagxolo, i-dianema longibarbis (i-Dianema longibarbis)
I-Dianema yethusi, i-dianema ende enamagxolo, i-dianema longibarbis (i-Dianema longibarbis) uhlala esigodini saseAmazon (Peru naseBrazil). Kugcinwa kude nogu lwezindawo zokugcina amanzi ezihamba kancane namachibi anezibi ezinodaka phansi.
I-dianema yethusi inomzimba ophakeme, othinta i-caudal fin. Iphrofayili yangemuva ekuqaleni kwensimu yamadorali yakha i-angle yokubambela. Emzimbeni we-dianema kukhona imigqa emibili yamapuleti amathambo, ayihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuthembekile kwabazingeli. Ukuhlafuneka kubukhali, ngamabili amabili wezimpondo. Kukhona i-fat fat. Umbala oyinhloko womzimba usuka ku-beige ekhanyayo uye obomvu obomvu enamabala amaningi amnyama enza umugqa we-longitudinal phakathi komzimba, kanye nemigqa eguqukayo esuka kuyo nge-angle. Amaphiko kukhona obala, nsundu ophuzi, imisebe imnyama. Ekugcineni, i-bran dianem ikhula ibe ngu-8 cm.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ayicacile, abesilisa banemisebe encane ephakeme kakhulu yama-pectoral fins, mncane kunabesifazane.
I-Dianema yinhlanzi yethusi enothando futhi efunda esikoleni. Iyasebenza imini nobusuku. Igcinwa ezingxenyeni zamanzi ezingaphansi neziphakathi. Ekufuneni ukudla, iqinisa umhlabathi ngentshiseko, ngokwesaba ingangcwaba ikhanda kuyo. Iphefumula ngokugwinya umoya osemkhathini, ngakho-ke ikhuphuka njalo ebusweni bamanzi.
I-bronze dianema igcinwa e-aquarium ejwayelekile kusuka ku-80 cm ubude inhlabathi esuka esihlabathini esiyindilinga, indawo yokuhlala ehlukahlukene kusuka kwizibhaxa nasezinkalweni zezitshalo ezakha izindawo zobusuku. Ukuhlunga, i-aeration kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni kweviki kwe-20% yevolumu yamanzi kuyadingeka.
Ihlangana kahle nezinhlanzi ezincane zasemanzini ezinokuthula. Ukugcina i-dianema yethusi, i-aquarium ende kune-80 cm ifanelekile, phansi kwesihlabathi esiyindilinga ibekwa njengomhlabathi. Izikebhe zezitshalo ze-aquarium ziyadingeka, zidala umthunzi ezindaweni, nezindawo zokufihla izikebhe nasematsheni.
I-Bronze Dianema idla ukudla okuphilayo kanye nalokho. Okuphakelayo kuthatha zonke izingqimba zamanzi, kanye nangaphezulu. Ukudla kunikezwa ebumnyameni.
Ukusakazwa kwe-bronze dianema kungenzeka yonke indawo kanye nasendaweni ehlukile ye-aquarium enamanani amalitha angama-50 noma ngaphezulu. Isendlalelo isihlahla sesitshalo esinamaqabunga amabanzi entantayo phezu kobuso noma idiski lepulasitiki (ipuleti lepulasitiki) elinobubanzi obuyi-20 cm, elibekwe ngandlela thile ebusweni bamanzi. Ukuze uqhakaze, kuyadingeka ukutshala iqembu lezinhlanzi nge-predominance of females. I-Spawning ivuselelwa ukwehla komfutho womoya, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi ngu-2-4 ° C, ukungezelelwa kwamanzi amasha nokuncipha kongqimba lwamanzi. Iduna lakha isidleke esinamakha lapho insikazi ibekela amaqanda aphuzi angama-150 kuya kwangama-600 ububanzi. Iduna linakekela amaqanda futhi lingavumeli ezinye izinhlanzi ukuba zidleke.
Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa uqala ukudla i-caviar, khona-ke i-substrate ene-caviar kungcono ukuyidlulisela esitsheni esihlukile. Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha izinsuku ezi-5. Ngemuva kolunye usuku, i-fry iqala ukubhukuda idle. Ukuqala okuphakelayo: i-nauplii artemia nama-rotifers. Izinsuku zokuqala zika-fry zizwela kakhulu ukuba khona kwezinto ezinamaphrotheni emanzini kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi, zithambekele ekuhlaselweni njalo yizikhunta zesikhunta, okungaholela ekufeni kwezinhlanzi. Lokhu kungagwenywa ngokuhlunga amanzi ngokusebenzisa i-carbon eyenziwe isebenze, engeza i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (5 mg / l) futhi kugcinwe izinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo (24-27 ° C). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthambekela kwefry kumiphumela emibi kuncishiswa kube okungenani.
I-Bronze Dianema ifinyelela ebusheni eneminyaka eyi-1-1,5.
Umndeni: I-Armfish Catfish, noma i-Callichthic Catfish (Callichthyidae)
Umsuka: I-Amazon River Basin (iPeru neBrazil)
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 21-25
Umswakama: 6.0-7.5
Ubulukhuni: 5-20
Izendlalelo zokuhlala: maphakathi, phansi
I-Dianema longibarbis
I-Longhaired dianem noma dianema longibarbis, noma bronze dianem - Inhlanzi edumile yase-aquarium. Le catfish ephethwe ihlala eSouth America emizimbeni yamanzi enenqubo ehamba kancane naphansi enodaka. Igcinwa ngamaqembu amancane ngokwemvelo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthenga noma ikati elilodwa noma umhlambi wemisila engu-3-6. Njengoba lokhu kuyinhlanzi enamahloni, kufanele kuhlinzekwe izindawo zokukhosela eziningi ezahlukahlukene ekwakhiweni kwe-aquarium. Kumhlambi wamadayimane, i-aquas yamalitha ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu kufanelekile. Kuthatha okuphilayo futhi okuhlanganisiwe.
Indawo: Ingxenye eseNyakatho Melika - iPeru, iBrazil (isizinda semifula i-Amazon).
Indawo yokuhlala: imizimba yamanzi namachibi anezifundo ezihamba kancane, imifula yamahlathi ezintombi namachibi anaphansi enodaka. Izinhlanzi zinamathela ezindaweni ezifihlwe izimila zasogwini.
Incazelo: umzimba ulinganiselwe ngokulinganayo, kancane kancane uchofoza ku-caudal fin. Ukuhlafuneka kubukhali ngamabili amabili wezimpondo ezinde ezandisiwe. Amehlo ane-iris ye-orange, enkulu, ephathekayo. Umugqa wangemuva ukhuphukela kufarole dorsal, bese wehlela ku-caudal esikhundleni kakhulu. Kukhona i-fat fat. Phakathi kwe-adipose ne-dorsal fin, kukhona ukukhula kwamathambo amane - amapuleti. Futhi, ukuphuma okunjalo kuphakathi nomzimba. I-caudal fin inemigqa emibili. I-Dianema iphefumula ngokugwinya umoya osemkhathini, ngakho-ke ihlala inyukela ebusweni bamanzi.
Umbala: kusuka ku-beige ekhanyayo iye kobomvu. Izindawo eziningi ezimnyama zihlakazeka emzimbeni wonke, ezakha umugqa omude phakathi komzimba kanye nemigqa eguqukayo evela kuyo ekhoneni. Amaphiko kukhona obala, nsundu ophuzi, imisebe imnyama. Isisu sikhanya, injabulo iyamnyama, iba nsundu.
Ubukhulu: kufika ku-7 cm cm.
Iskhathi sempilo: kufika eminyakeni eyi-5-8.
Mncane
I-Aquarium: izinhlobo noma ezejwayelekile.
Ubukhulu: ivolumu kusuka ku-50-100 l nobude obungu-80-120 cm kumhlambi wamadayimane.
Amanzi: dH 2-20 °, pH 6-7.5, ukuhlunga okunamandla, kushintsha njalo ngesonto kufike ku-20-30% wamanzi.
Izinga Lokushisa: 22-25 ° C.
Isibani: faka, buthakathaka.
Inhlabathi: isihlabathi esihlanganayo.
Izitshalo: izihlahla zezitshalo ezinamaqabunga amade zifinyelela ebusweni bamanzi futhi zidala isithunzi. Njengoba i-catfish igaya umhlabathi kakhulu, kunconywa ukutshala izitshalo ezimbizeni zobumba, uzifake endaweni ezungeze i-aquarium.
Design: i-driftwood, amatshe, imihume, ama-grottoes, amagobolondo, amapayipi e-PVC nezinye izindawo zokukhosela.
Ukondla: ukudla okuphilayo nokuhlanganisiwe kuyathathwa ezindaweni zasemanzini. Ukudla kunikezwa ebumnyameni.
Ukuziphatha: emvelweni zigcinwa ngamaqembu amancane. Emanzini, ungazigcina ngawodwana noma emihlanjini yezinhlanzi ezi-3-6. Lapho ufuna ukudla, inhlabathi ye-aquarium ivuselelwa ngentshiseko. Izinhlanzi ziyasebenza emini nasekuseni.
Umlingiswa: enokuthula, inamahloni. Lapho uhlanza i-aquarium, ama-catfish aqala ukushesha futhi ngokuvamile aphonsa amakhanda awo emhlabathini.
Indawo yamanzi: ungqimba wamanzi ophakathi naphansi.
Kungaqukatha: izinhlanzi ezinokuthula (ama-characin amancane namaphakathi, ama-cichlid amancanyana, amakhorali, i-loricaria catfish).
Ayikwazi ukutholakala nge: izinhlanzi ezinkulu nezinolaka.
Ukulima izinhlanzi: ku-aquariums kubhekwa njengobunzima. Ukusakazeka kwe-Nesting (izinhlanzi ezi-4 ezine-predominance of females) kwenzeka kuzo zombili e-aquarium ejwayelekile kanye nasendaweni ehlukile yokuqhuma.
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuzalanisa izinhlanzi endaweni evamile yasemanzini, anikezwa izinkathi “ezomile” nezimanzi “ezimanzi”. Ekuqaleni "kwenkathi eyomile" yehlisa izinga lamanzi, phakamisa izinga lokushisa lifinyelele ku-28 ° C, ukhawule izinhlanzi ezondleni amaviki ambalwa. Ungasusa isihlungi bese ukhulisa kancane ubulukhuni bamanzi. Ukwanda kwezakhi ezi-organic nosawoti okuncibilikisiwe emanzini kuhlotshaniswa nenkathi yokuthi “eyomile” endle.Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa, izinga lamanzi liqala ukukhuphuka (lenza izinguquko libe ngu-30-50% wamanzi), kusetshenziswa amanzi apholile (ama-2-4 ° C aphansi kune-aquarium), izinhlanzi ziqala ukondliwa kahle. Isihlungi sifakwa e-aquarium, futhi uma amanzi eseye waba lukhuni, ukufakwa esikhundleni kwenziwa ngokuthambile (kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise amanzi atholakala lapho kukhulunywa khona ngezinhlelo ze-reverse osmosis). Ukunciphisa ingcindezi yasemkhathini nakho kuvuselela ukuqhuma. Ukusakaza i-aquarium enomthamo ongama-60 l, izitshalo ezingamahlumela ezinamaqabunga amabanzi (ngokwesibonelo, i-nymphaeum) entanta ebusweni bamanzi, noma i-plastiki disc enobubanzi obungu-20 cm, egxishwe ngandlela thile ebusweni bamanzi. Ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, owesilisa wakha isidleke sogwebu, abese enakekela amaqanda futhi angavumeli ezinye izinhlanzi ukuba zidleke.
Ukwehluka kobulili: owesilisa unemisebe ephakeme ngokwengeziwe yama-pectoral fins, mncane kunowesifazane (unesisu esiphelele ngokwengeziwe).
Ukuthomba: kwenzeka eneminyaka eyi-1-1,5 yeminyaka.
Inani le-caviar: Amaqanda aphuzi angama-150-600 anesilinganiso esingu-1.5 mm.
Isikhathi sokufakwa ekufukameleni: Izinsuku ezingama-4-5.
Isithombo: ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, i-dianemia Fry izwela kakhulu ukuba khona kwezinto ezinamaprotheni emanzini, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa futhi kuvame ukuhlaselwa njalo isikhunta esishubile. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-caviar iba mnyama, idluliselwa kwi-incubator, emanzini lapho kwethulwa khona i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (5 mg / l), futhi kugcinwa ukushisa okungapheli (24-27 ° C). Fry ukubhukuda ngosuku lwesibili. Amapharamitha wamanzi we-aquarium ekhulayo: i-pH 7, dH 8-10 °, dKH kuze kufike ku-2 °, ukuhlunga ngokusetshenziswa kwekhabhoni, ukufakwa okuphindaphindwe kuze kufike ku-40-50% wevolumu yamanzi.
Ukondla izingane: ukudla okuqala - i-artemia, ama-rotifers.
Ukuhamba kubazali: ngemuva kokuhluma, kutshalwe insikazi, kudotshwe owesilisa lapho uFry eqala ukufiphala evela esidlekeni.
Amazwana: lapho ubhukuda, i-dianema emagxolo ende ivame ukubanda endaweni yayo.
I-DIANEMA BRONZE noma i-DIANEMA LONGIBARBIS (Dianema longibarbis)
Izinhlanzi zinomzimba omncane ophakeme. Ikhanda likhonjisiwe. Emlonyeni kukhona izimbotshana ezimbili zamabhuvu amancane. Umbala wezinhlanzi ungahluka kusuka ku-beige ekhanyayo iye kobomvu. Umzimba wonke uhlotshiswe ngenani elikhulu lamabala amnyama, akha umugqa omude engxenyeni ephakathi yomzimba kanye nemigqa eguqukayo evela kuwo nge-angle engatheni. Isisu sikhanya. Esikhathini sangaphambi kokusatshalaliswa nangesikhathi senjabulo, isisu simnyama futhi sithole umbala onsundu. Zonke izinkoba ziphuzi ngokusobala. Abesilisa abanciphile kunabesifazane, banemisebe emide yama-pectoral fins. Emzimbeni wale nhlanzi kunemigqa emibili yamapuleti abukhali, asebenza njengethuluzi ekuhlaselweni yizilwane ezidla ezinye. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aquarium, i-dianema longibarbis ikhula ibe yi-8-9 cm ubude.
I-dianema enokuthula yethusi, isikole senhlanzi. Inhlanzi iphila impilo esebenzayo kokubili kusihlwa nasesikhathi sasemini. Izinhlanzi zibhukuda ikakhulukazi ungqimba olungaphansi lwamanzi e-aquarium. Ama-Dianemas ashukumisa inhlabathi ngamandla ngesikhathi sokudla, futhi uma kwenzeka esaba angakwazi ukungena ngokuphelele kuwo. Lokhu kumele kubhekwe lapho kutshala izitshalo ezitshalwe kahle ezimbizeni zobumba. Izinhlanzi zingagcinwa zombili ezinhlotsheni nase-aquarium ejwayelekile nezinye izinhlanzi ezithanda ukuthula ezinobukhulu obufanayo. Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlanzi ziphefumula umoya osemkhathini, zihlala zigobhoza ebusweni bamanzi ukugwinya umoya-mpilo omncane.
Ukugcina i-Longibarbis dianema, udinga i-aquarium enobude okungenani amasentimitha angama-80. Kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlabathi noma amatshe amatshe amahle njengamhlabathi. Inhlabathi akufanele ibe nemiphetho ebukhali ukuze izinhlanzi zingalimazi umlomo nomzimba wazo, ukukha nokumba kuzo. I-aquarium kumele itshalwe ezungeze umngcele ngezitshalo ezinamaqabunga amade afinyelela ngaphezu kwamanzi futhi idale isithunzi. Phansi, kungakuhle ukubeka izikebhe ezinkulu nendawo yokukhosela ematsheni nakuma-grottoes, lapho inhlanzi ingacasha khona.
Amapharamitha wamanzi kufanele ahlangabezane nalezi zimo ezilandelayo: izinga lokushisa 22- 26 ° C, ubulukhuni dH 2-20 °, acidity pH 6.2-7.5. I-aquarium kufanele ifakwe isihlungi samanzi esisebenza kakhulu. Futhi udinga ushintsho lwamasonto onke? izingxenye zamanzi we-aquarium.
Izinhlanzi zidla ukudla okuhlukahlukene nokuphilayo okuhlanganisiwe. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukondla ebumnyameni, khona-ke izinhlanzi azinamahloni futhi azilulazi inhlabathi.
I-Bronze Dianem ifinyelela ukuvuthwa kwayo eneminyaka eyi-1-1,5.
Ukuze uqhume, i-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-50 noma ngaphezulu (ngebhokisi elilodwa lezinhlanzi) ilungile. Maphakathi ne-aquarium, isihlahla esikhulu sezitshalo sitshalwa sinamaqabunga amade afinyelela ebusweni bamanzi bese sintanta kuwo. Empeleni, phambi kwezimo ezifanele, ukuqhekeka kungenzeka ku-aquarium ejwayelekile. Amapharamitha wamanzi ezindaweni ezinwebayo kufanele ahambisane nemingcele efanayo ngokugcinwa kwenhlanzi okujwayelekile. Ukuze ukhule, kungcono ukuthatha iqembu lezinhlanzi ezi-5 nge-predominance of females.
Isisusa sokunwebeka kokwehla komfutho womkhathi, ukungezwa kwe-1/3 yamanzi amasha, kanye nokwehla kwezinga laso. Ngaphambi kokuba ihlume, iduna lakha isidleke esinamakha ngemuva kweqabunga lesitshalo, ngemuva kwalokho insikazi ishanela ngamaqanda anamathela angama-200-600 lapho. Kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi insikazi ifafaza amaqanda kunoma iyiphi into ebekwe eduze kwesidleke. Ngemuva kokuhluma, insikazi iyancishiswa, kuthi owesilisa asale ukunakekela amaqanda.
Kufanele wazi ukuthi i-fry ye-Longibarbis dianema ithinta kakhulu ubukhona bezinto ezihlukahlukene zamaprotheni emanzini, kanye nokuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa okujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, kungakuhle ukuthi ungeze i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engxenyeni ye-5 mg / l emanzini futhi uvikele izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingadluleli ngalé kuka-24-27 ° C.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-bronze dianema ezimweni ze-aquarium cishe iminyaka engama-5-8.
I-Dianem enenhliziyo ende noma i-Bronze Dianem
Igama. Dianema Dianema
I-Dianema longibarbis (emide, noma i-Bronze Dianema)
I-Dianema urostriatum (I-Taian Dianema)
Umndeni. I-Callichtov, noma i-catfish ye-armored (callichthyidae).
pH: 6,8 — 7,2 / 6.0 — 7,2
dH: 5 — 18° / 17 — 20°
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 23 - 27 ° C / 20 - 28 ° C
Umthamo we-Aquarium: ngaphezulu kwe-100 ngomhlambi wezingcezu ezi-5-6
Habitat ikati lezinhlanzi amachibi amanzi ensimbi ePeru naseBrazil. Bakhetha umngcele wamanzi ahamba kancane ahamba emanzini, kanye namachibi namachibi anamabhodlela abunjiwe, lapho umthunzi wezimila zasogwini wawungawela khona. Uhlobo "Dianema" luhlanganisa konke izinhlobo ezimbili: I-Dianema longibarbis (i-dianema ende enamagxolo noma yethusi) ne-Dianema urostriatum (umucu we-dianema yomugqa). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ama-long-barked evamile endaweni yeMato Grosso r. I-Amazonia, lapho-ke umdweshu onemigqa e-taanime uvame kakhulu emanzini asezandleni zawo zangakwesokunxele, iRio Negro.
Emvelweni wemvelo, ukwenziwa kwe-spaw kwenziwa ngamahlamvu athambile ezitshalo. Lapho uzalela e-aquarium ngalezi zinhloso, uvame ukusebenzisa amapuleti epulasitiki pre-ahlelwe ngaphambili noma ekhasini le-nymphaea. Amaduna akha izidleke ezinamakha futhi aqaphe amaqanda ngokucophelela, egcina ezinye izinhlanzi zingaphandle. Isisusa sokuqalisa ukunwebeka sizoba ukwehla kwezinga lamanzi e-aquarium kanye nokungezelelwa kwenani elikhulu lamanzi amasha, kanye nokwehla komfutho womkhathi.
I-dianema ende egobekile (yethusi) - i-Dianema longibarbis (Cope, 1872) - Inomzimba obushelelezi oyindilinga ofinyelela ku-9 cm ngosayizi (oboniswe ngenhla). Ngokuya ngezimo zokuboshwa, umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokukhanya okukhanyayo kuya kweyethusi. Inamaphiko amakhulu aphuzi futhi athuthuke kahle aphuzi. Kukhona i-fat fat. Isidumbu simbozwe amabala amaningi amnyama ahlangana phakathi nomzimba, akha umucu omnyama ovela ngaphakathi. Amehlo amakhulu futhi ahambayo asawolintshi ngombala. Umlomo ophansi, uqondiswe ngokuqinile phambili futhi uphela ngamabili amabili wezintuthwane aze afike ku-3.5 cm ubude, nesimbambo esisodwa sikhomba phansi, owesibili uqondile. Isikali sikhulu, emzimbeni sakhiwa ngemigqa emibili, afana kahle namathayili. Ephakathi komzimba ziyahlangana, okubonakala ngokubonakalayo. Isisu sikhanya, lapho inhlanzi ijabule, iba nsundu ngombala. Abesilisa abanciphile kunabesifazane, banemisebe ephakeme kakhulu yama-pectoral fins. Kwabesilisa abadala, umugqa wesisu ucishe uqonde.
I-Bronze Dianema, i-dianema longibarbis
Ukuze ugcine i-catfish, udinga i-aquarium okungenani engama-80 cm, udinga ukuyigcina emhlambini. Okuqukethwe ku-aquarium ejwayelekile nezinhlobo ezilinganayo zezinhlanzi ezifanayo ezithanda ukuthula kuvunyelwe. Isici esibonakalayo yikhono lokufriza ngokunganyakazi kwikholamu yamanzi, futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana imidwebo iqhubeka ngokubhukuda ngokuthula. Kudingeka indawo yokuhlala kanye namagumbi anombala. Amanzi we-Peat, athambile, aphakathi nendawo.
Umndeni we-carapace shellfish uphefumula umoya wasemkhathini kanye nama-dianems awafani, zivame ukuntantazela ebusweni be-aquarium ukuthatha umoya-mpilo. Ukuhlanzeka nokuhlunga kwamanzi okusebenzayo kuzodingeka. Ukuguqulwa kwamasonto onke kwe-of ye-aquarium kuyadingeka. Inhlabathi izodinga amatshe athambile (isihlabathi noma amatshe abolile), ngoba ngenkathi inakekela i-aquarium, izinhlanzi ziyasaba futhi zizama ukumba kuzo. Futhi, izinhlanzi zisebenzela inhlabathi ngentshiseko ngesikhathi sokudla. Ukondla okuphakelayo okubukhoma nokuhlanganisiwe. Ngokuncono ebumnyameni.
I-Dianema urostriata (Ribeiro, 1912) banomzimba omise okomjiko obude obuyi-10 cm cm, ophela ngohlamvu olukhulu lwe-fin (esithombeni esingezansi). Eceleni kwe-lobe kukhona umucu omnyama ophuma esiqu somsila. Kuzo zombili izinsimbi zomsila, kudlula imivimbo emibili emhlophe namnyama. Zitholakala ngokuvundlile. Amaphiko asele apendwe ithoni yomzimba - umbala onsundu-wesihlabathi. I-urostriate dianema ine-antennae engu-4 engashukumiseka etholakala ezindebeni ezingaphezulu nasemakhondeni omlomo. Ubude bezimpondo bungu-1/3 kasayizi womzimba. Amehlo makhulu, mobile. Isisu sowesifazane sigcwele ukwedlula leso sabesilisa. Isimo senhlanzi sinokuthula, mhlambi. Uhamba kahle e-aquarium ejwayelekile enabamele ama-characinids nama-cyprinid. Zihlala zihamba njalo, zizizwa zinezimpondo zazo emakhoneni aseceleni kakhulu e-aquarium futhi zizamazama phansi. I-fecundity ye-dianema emiswe ngotshani iphakeme kunaleyo yethusi. Izimo ezise-aquarium ziyefana nakwi-dianema yethusi.
I-Dianema enemichilo emide, i-dianema urostriatum
Incazelo
I-Dianema longibarbis ingeyamalungu omndeni we-catfish ehlomile, inomzimba omude, othi kancane kancane ubambelele kumkhawulo we-caudal. Umugqa ongemuva ekuqaleni konyaka wamadali wenza i-angle yokubamba. Imigqa emibili yamapuleti amathambo itholakala emzimbeni we-dianema, enikeza inhlanzi isivikelo esithembekile ezitheni. Ukuhlafunwa kukhonjwa, ngababili bezintokazi.
Kukhona i-fat fat. Umbala oyisisekelo womzimba usuka ku-beige ekhanyayo uye obomvu ngokubomvu namabala amnyama amaningi enza umucu omude phakathi komzimba. Imigqa eshintshashintshayo isuka kule strip ekhoneni elithile. Amaphiko anombala onsundu, aphuzi, imisebe yawo imnyama. Owesilisa mncane kunowesifazane, imisebe yamaphinifa we-pectoral yinde kunaleya ntokazi. Ubude bomzimba be-Longibarbis dianema bufika ku-9 cm.
I-Dianema longibarbis yinhlanzi enokuthula nokufunda esikoleni. Kusebenza ngokulinganayo emini nasekuseni. Ukulungiselela ukuhlala ungqimba olungaphansi noluphakathi lwamanzi. Ngezikhathi ezithile uqinisa inhlabathi, futhi uma kwenzeka esaba, ingashanela ngisho nekhanda lakhe kuyo. I-Longibarbis dianema kufanele igcinwe emanzini ajwayelekile angama-80 cm noma ngaphezulu ubude, inhlabathi esuka esihlabathini esiyindilinga, inani elikhulu lezindawo zokuphephela ezivela ezingxekeni, ezitshalweni ezikhulayo ezidala izindawo ezinomthunzi. Amanzi adinga i-aeration, ukuhlunga, ukufakwa kwe-1/5 yevolumu yamanzi kanye ngesonto. I-Longibarbis idinga ukondliwa ngokudla okubukhoma kanye nokufaka esikhundleni salokho.
Amanzi wokulungiswa: 22-26 ° С, dH 5-20 °, pH 6.0-7.5.
Ukuzala
I-Bronze Dianem ifinyelela ukuvuthwa kwayo eneminyaka eyi-1-1,5.
Ukuze uqhume, i-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-50 noma ngaphezulu (ngebhokisi elilodwa lezinhlanzi) ilungile. Maphakathi ne-aquarium, isihlahla esikhulu sezitshalo sitshalwa sinamaqabunga amade afinyelela ebusweni bamanzi bese sintanta kuwo. Empeleni, phambi kwezimo ezifanele, ukuqhekeka kungenzeka ku-aquarium ejwayelekile. Amapharamitha wamanzi ezindaweni ezinwebayo kufanele ahambisane nemingcele efanayo ngokugcinwa kwenhlanzi okujwayelekile. Ukuze ukhule, kungcono ukuthatha iqembu lezinhlanzi ezi-5 nge-predominance of females.
Isisusa sokunwebeka kokwehla komfutho womkhathi, ukungezwa kwe-1/3 yamanzi amasha, kanye nokwehla kwezinga laso. Ngaphambi kokuba ihlume, iduna lakha isidleke esinamakha ngemuva kweqabunga lesitshalo, ngemuva kwalokho insikazi ishanela ngamaqanda anamathela angama-200-600 lapho. Kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi insikazi ifafaza amaqanda kunoma iyiphi into ebekwe eduze kwesidleke. Ngemuva kokuhluma, insikazi iyancishiswa, kuthi owesilisa asale ukunakekela amaqanda.
ICaviar ifakwe izinsuku ezingama-4-5, kuthi emva kolunye usuku uFry iqale ukubhukuda idle. Ngokushesha lapho kwenzeka lokhu, owesilisa naye uyatshalwa, bese i-fry enikezwa nge-artemia nama-rotifers.
IZITHOMBE ZOKUFUNDA ZOKUXHUMANYWA KWEZOBUCHWEPHESHE
Amadevu amade noma i-Bronze Dianema
Ukuziphatha kanye nokuvumelana
Izinhlanzi ezinokuthula ezinokuthula eziphephile ngisho nezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu ze-aquarium. Kuhamba kahle kakhulu nabamele iziloba zase-Amazonia, njenge-tetras, ama-cichlid aseNingizimu Melika, amakhorali we-catfish nabanye. Azikho izingxabano ze-intraspecific ezitholakele. I-dianema enamagxolo amade ingagcinwa ngazinye futhi eqenjini. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi emphakathini wezihlobo uziphatha ngokwengeziwe.
Ukuzalela / Ukuzalela
Ukuthola inzalo ekhaya kuyinkinga impela, kepha kungenzeka. Ubunzima obukhulu ukulingisa izimo zemvelo, ukuqothuka kwe-catfish ekuqaleni kwenkathi yemvula ehlobo. Kodwa-ke, ngokwezindawo zaseNingizimu Melika, isikhathi sasehlobo siba sezinyangeni ezahlukahlukene, lokhu kunguJuni - Agasti enyakatho yekhwetha, kwathi ngoDisemba - uFebhuwari esivele iseningizimu yekhwetha.
Ukusondela kwe-catfish ezihlotsheni zayo zasendle, okungukuthi, isizukulwane sesibili, sesithathu noma sesine esitholwe ekuthunjweni, kuyasizwela kakhulu ezimeni zangaphandle.
Izincomo ezijwayelekile zokuzalela i-Dianema ende enenwele ushintsho olubushelelezi lwezimo zamanzi ngokungeza amanzi apholile kakhulu wezinsuku ezimbalwa nokufakwa kokudla okubukhoma ekudleni. Ukushisa kwehliselwa ku-23-24 ° C futhi kugcinwe kuze kube sekupheleni kokuqhuma.
Ukuqala kwenkathi yokuzalela kunganqunywa yisisu esikhule kakhulu - lokhu kungowesimame, obomvu kusuka kwthole. Ngakho-ke maduze kufanele ulindele ukuthi uqhume, uqaphe ngokucophelela i-aquarium, futhi lapho amaqanda evela, ngokushesha uwafake ethangini elihlukile elinesimo esifanayo ukuze zingabi yisisulu sezinye izinhlanzi nabazali bazo.
Isifo sezinhlanzi
Isizathu esikhulu sezifo eziningi yizimo ezingafanele nokudla okunekhwalithi okungekuhle. Uma kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala, kufanele uhlole amapharamitha wamanzi kanye nobukhona bokugxila okuphezulu kwezinto ezinobungozi (i-ammonia, i-nitrites, i-nitrate, njll.), Uma kunesidingo, buyisela izinkomba kokujwayelekile futhi kuphela bese uqhubeka nokwelashwa. Ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngezimpawu nokwelashwa, bheka isigaba se-Aquarium Fish Diseases.
I-Shell Catfish South American Fish
I-Dianema (Dianema longibarbis) yinhlanzi enamanzi amnandi avela emndenini we-shellfish catfish. Ikhula ibe ngu-9 cm ubude. Ngaphandle, abesifazane empeleni abahlukile kwabesilisa. Ngokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kuphela ongabona ukuthi abesilisa bahle kancane, futhi imisebe yabo emaphini we-pectoral inqanyuliwe.
Emvelweni, ama-Dianemas ahlala emanzini ase-Amazon. Zincamela ukuba sezindaweni ezinamanzi apholile embozwe yimifino.
Ukuzala
Ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezinwebekayo kulele ngokuphelele "emahlombe" enduna. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, bakha izidleke zegwebu ezitshalweni ezibanzi ezingezansi kwabo.
I-Dianema enenhliziyo ende (Dianema longibarbis). Emanzini, ipuleti lepulasitiki elingene ngaphakathi livame ukufakwa, cishe amasentimitha angama-20.
Abesifazane baseDianemia balala ngamaqanda amancanyana afinyelela kuma-300 (cishe 1.5 mm.). Ngemuva kwalokho, owesilisa uba ngumqaphi wesidleke.
I-Dianema ibhekisela ku-catfish eyakheke ngegobolondo.
Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwamaqanda, umnikazi we-aquarium uzodinga ukuwahambisa komunye umkhumbi. Kuyo, izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele libe ngu-24 ° C no-pH 7.0. Kufanele futhi unake izinkomba ze-dGH ne-dKH, okufanele ngokulandelana: 8-10 ° no-≥ 2 °.
Amanzi asemanzini kufanele athaywe nge-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.Fry hatch kusuka emaqanda ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu. Uma omunye wabo ehluleka ukugqobhoza igobolondo, ungasiza ngokulishaya ngobunono ngengono yenyoni.
Ukuze uzale nge-diane, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezithile zokubamba kwezinhlanzi. Ngemuva kolunye usuku, i-yolk sac idonswa ngokuphelele, futhi izingane zikulungele ukudla. I-Artemia yayizoba ekahle ekuqaleni.
Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwayo, ama-fry azwela kakhulu kunoma yiluphi ushintsho emvelweni. Akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nokuningi ngokweqile kwezinto ezinamaphrotheni e-aquarium. Kungcono ukuhlunga amanzi ngekhabhoni esebenze kahle, futhi kaningi kaningi kunokujwayelekile, ushintshe ama-50% amanzi amadala abe mantsha. Lezi zindlela ezilula zizokusiza ukuvikela i-fry yakho ekuhlaselweni yisikhunta sobumba.
I-Dianema longibarbus e-aquarium. Ngenqubo yokuthuthuka, izingane zilahlekelwa ukuzwela okuphezulu, futhi zithambekele ekuguqukeni kwezemvelo.
I-Dianemus inomlingiswa oguquguqukayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho batholana kalula nezinye izinhlanzi. Zingaxazululwa ngokuphephile ku-aquarium ejwayelekile. Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela u-Ctrl + Enter.
Iya kukhathalogi: Izinhlanzi ze-AquariumI-dianema emide enamabala noma i-bronze ihlala eSouth America. Uhla lwayo ngokusobala luboshwe uMfula iMato Grosso, ogeleza ngeBrazil.
Ubude bomzimba wedayema elinezinwele ezinde bufika ku-9 cm. Umzimba uyindilinga ngokuma, uphakeme ngokuqinile, ngaphambili uphelelwa yisigaxa esimise okomhluzi. Umlomo ongaphansi, onezindebe ezakhiwe kahle futhi uhlanganiswa ngamabili amabanga amadevu. Amaphiko akhule kahle afakwa ngopende ophuzi. Umbala womzimba kusuka okhanyayo okhanyayo uye kubhedu. Izindawo ezincane ezimnyama ezisakazeke emzimbeni wonke zakha umugqa ophahlazekile. Amehlo amakhulu nge-iris ye-orange, futhi iselula kakhulu. Umzimba umbozwe izikali ezinkulu ezifana tile futhi ihlelwe ngemigqa emibili. Isisu sinombala okhanyayo, kepha lapho sijabule, kuba mnyama kakhulu, size sicishe sibe nsundu.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ibuthakathaka. Esikhathini sokuzala kuphela lapho owesilisa eba nomzimba omncane kunowesifazane olungele ukuqhuma.
Ukulungiswa kwe-dianema ende edwetshwe, i-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-50 ilungile impela. I-aquarium ingatshalwa ngezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga ahlukaniswe kahle. Kudingeka indawo yokukhosela e-aquarium, kanye nezindawo lapho izinhlanzi zingabhukuda ngokukhululeka.
Amapharamitha wamanzi wokuqukethwe: ubulukhuni bufika ku-18 °, pH cishe ngo-7.0, izinga lokushisa 23-27 ° С. Ukuhlunga nokufakelwa kuyadingeka, kanye noshintsho lwamasonto onke lufika kuma-30% wevolumu yamanzi.
I-Dianema enamagxolo amade - uhlobo olunokuthula, oluhola umhlambi wokuphila. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, i-dianema enamagxolo amade ihlala ihlala endaweni, emva kwalokho iqhubeka ngokungathi akwenzekanga lutho. Omakhelwane e-aquarium bangaba nganoma yisiphi isayizi, ama-dianems awathinti ngisho nama-cyprinid amancane. Ukondla i-dianema yezinwele ezinde kufanele kube okuphakelayo okuhlukahlukene okuyisimangaliso nokuhlanganisiwe.
Ukuzalanisa i-dianema emise emide, kuyadingeka i-aquarium engaba amalitha angama-60. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukwanda kwethanga kushukunyiswa ukwehla kwengcindezi yasemkhathini, kanye nokukhuphuka kwamandla okujwayelekile nokushintshwa kwamanzi kufinyelela kuma-50% amanzi. Ukuphinda kabili.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, ama-glucs amaqanda afakwa eshidini elibanzi elintantayo phezu kwamanzi, okungathathelwa indawo ipuleti Foam noma ipuleti lepulasitiki elifanele. Izinga lokushisa ku-aquarium kufanele lehliswe ngu-2-4 ° C. I-Caviar ikhula kungakapheli amahora angama-70-120.
I-Dianema yethusi, i-dianema ende enamagxolo, i-dianema longibarbis (i-Dianema longibarbis) uhlala esigodini saseAmazon (Peru naseBrazil). Kugcinwa kude nogu lwezindawo zokugcina amanzi ezihamba kancane namachibi anezibi ezinodaka phansi.
I-dianema yethusi inomzimba ophakeme, othinta i-caudal fin. Iphrofayili yangemuva ekuqaleni kwensimu yamadorali yakha i-angle yokubambela. Emzimbeni we-dianema kukhona imigqa emibili yamapuleti amathambo, ayihlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuthembekile kwabazingeli.
Ukuhlafuneka kubukhali, ngamabili amabili wezimpondo. Kukhona i-fat fat. Umbala oyinhloko womzimba usuka ku-beige ekhanyayo uye obomvu obomvu enamabala amaningi amnyama enza umugqa we-longitudinal phakathi komzimba, kanye nemigqa eguqukayo esuka kuyo nge-angle.
Amaphiko kukhona obala, nsundu ophuzi, imisebe imnyama. Ekugcineni, i-bran dianem ikhula ibe ngu-8 cm.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ayicacile, abesilisa banemisebe encane ephakeme kakhulu yama-pectoral fins, mncane kunabesifazane.
I-Dianema yinhlanzi yethusi enothando futhi efunda esikoleni. Iyasebenza imini nobusuku. Igcinwa ezingxenyeni zamanzi ezingaphansi neziphakathi.
Ekufuneni ukudla, iqinisa umhlabathi ngentshiseko, ngokwesaba ingangcwaba ikhanda kuyo. Iphefumula ngokugwinya umoya osemkhathini, ngakho-ke ikhuphuka njalo ebusweni bamanzi.
I-bronze dianema igcinwa e-aquarium ejwayelekile kusuka ku-80 cm ubude inhlabathi esuka esihlabathini esiyindilinga, indawo yokuhlala ehlukahlukene kusuka kwizibhaxa nasezinkalweni zezitshalo ezakha izindawo zobusuku. Ukuhlunga, i-aeration kanye nokufakwa esikhundleni kweviki kwe-20% yevolumu yamanzi kuyadingeka.
Ihlangana kahle nezinhlanzi ezincane zasemanzini ezinokuthula. Ukugcina i-dianema yethusi, i-aquarium ende kune-80 cm ifanelekile, phansi kwesihlabathi esiyindilinga ibekwa njengomhlabathi. Izikebhe zezitshalo ze-aquarium ziyadingeka, zidala umthunzi ezindaweni, nezindawo zokufihla izikebhe nasematsheni.
I-Bronze Dianema idla ukudla okuphilayo kanye nalokho. Okuphakelayo kuthatha zonke izingqimba zamanzi, kanye nangaphezulu. Ukudla kunikezwa ebumnyameni.
Ukusakazwa kwe-bronze dianema kungenzeka yonke indawo kanye nasendaweni ehlukile ye-aquarium enamanani amalitha angama-50 noma ngaphezulu. Isendlalelo isihlahla sesitshalo esinamaqabunga amabanzi entantayo phezu kobuso noma idiski lepulasitiki (ipuleti lepulasitiki) elinobubanzi obuyi-20 cm, elibekwe ngandlela thile ebusweni bamanzi. Ukuze uqhakaze, kuyadingeka ukutshala iqembu lezinhlanzi nge-predominance of females.
I-Spawning ivuselelwa ukwehla komfutho womoya, ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi ngu-2-4 ° C, ukungezelelwa kwamanzi amasha nokuncipha kongqimba lwamanzi. Iduna lakha isidleke esinamakha lapho insikazi ibekela amaqanda aphuzi angama-150 kuya kwangama-600 ububanzi. Iduna linakekela amaqanda futhi lingavumeli ezinye izinhlanzi ukuba zidleke.
Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa uqala ukudla i-caviar, khona-ke i-substrate ene-caviar kungcono ukuyidlulisela esitsheni esihlukile. Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha izinsuku ezi-5. Ngemuva kolunye usuku, i-fry iqala ukubhukuda idle.
Ukuqala okuphakelayo: i-nauplii artemia nama-rotifers. Izinsuku zokuqala zika-fry zizwela kakhulu ukuba khona kwezinto ezinamaphrotheni emanzini kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi, zithambekele ekuhlaselweni njalo yizikhunta zesikhunta, okungaholela ekufeni kwezinhlanzi. Lokhu kungagwenywa ngokuhlunga amanzi ngokusebenzisa i-carbon eyenziwe isebenze, engeza i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (5 mg / l) futhi kugcinwe izinga lokushisa eliqhubekayo (24-27 ° C).
I-Bronze Dianema ifinyelela ebusheni eneminyaka eyi-1-1,5.
Umndeni: I-Shell-catfish, noma i-Callichthy catfish (i-Callichthyidae) Umsuka: I-Amazon basin (Peru neBrazil) Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 21-25 Umswakama: 6.0-7.5 Ubunzima: I-5-20 Habitats: maphakathi, phansi
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