Umndeni Wama-parrots - I-Psittacidae - bahlala ikakhulukazi e-Afrika naseMelika, kepha babuye batholakala e-Australia, benomsila omfishane oqondile noma omisiwe. Phila ezihlahleni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi kwezinye izinto, ama-parazizi ama-Amazonia noma aluhlaza okotshani (Androglossa), upholi ompunga noma uJaco (Psittacus erithacns), ama-parrots angahambelani (i-Agapornis, ama-Inseparables), ama-parrots (ama-Ralaeornis) nezinye izinyoni ezibonakala kakhulu esifundeni sase-Australia. yinye kuphela inhlobo evela kulo mndeni ehlala emi-3 kusukela emugqeni waseWallace esiqhingini sasePhilippine, enomsila omfishane, uhhafu umbozwe ngamaphiko, nekhanda elikhulu elihamba nendlwana ekhanda. Ama-parara ama-Arara (i-Sittacidae) ahlanganisa ngaphezu kwengxenye yawo wonke ama-parrots aziwayo, nomsila omude omise okwenziwe isigqoko, ahlala eMelika nase-Australia. Lokhu kufaka i-Arara noma iMacaw (Sittace). upholi kaCaroline (uConurus carolineasis), uP. (Platycercus) obanzi, ama-budgerigars (uMelopsittacus) nabanye. I-Lory parrot (Trichoglossidae) inomsila omfishane, ichopho lolimi olunama-papillae amaningi wefilimu enza ibhulashi, idla ujusi wezihlahla nezimbali. Bahlala esifundeni sase-Australia, kanti uhlobo lweNestor, olunikezwe abanye umndeni ohlukile, esifundeni saseNew Zealand.
Ezihlukweni ezihlukile, imindeni yangaphansi yemidlwane ikhona esigabeni sezizwe ezise Psittacinae subfamily
* Tribe Vagina - Arini
* Triba Cyclopsitticini
* Tribe Micropsittini
* UTribe Nestorini
* Triba Platycercini
* Tribe Psittrichadini
* I-Tribe Tailed Parrots - I-Psittacini
* I-Tribe Psittaculini
* Tribe Strigopini
* Amapharathiyisi we-Tribeets - Platycercini
Futhi ngamaLorvisites kuphela abelwa abasebenza ngaphansi kwenkampani uLoriinae, kwezinye izigaba babelwa isikhundla somndeni ozimele, ohlanganisa
* I-Triba Hanging Parrots noma i-Bat - i-Loriculini
* Amadribe Tribe - uLoriini
Kulesi sigaba, ukwahlukana okuvame kakhulu kwamapherishi emikhayeni engezansi kuyamukelwa.
13.09.2017
I-parrot (lat. Deroptyus accipitrinus) iyinyoni ephakathi nendawo emndenini kaParrot (lat. Psittacidae). Ngemuva kwekhanda lakhe kukhona isithandwa sezimpaphe ezibomvu-eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, esinikeza kufana ne-hawk. Ngalesi sizathu, ibizwa nangokuthi i-parrot enekhanda le-hawk. Lokhu kubukeka kuyinikeza ukubukeka okunamandla futhi kusiza ukwethusa abalimele.
Ukubhebhetheka
Ama-parrots ama-fan ahlala emvuleni eshisayo enamanzi amancane namahlathi ase-savannah asenyakatho neNingizimu Melika ezindaweni eziphakeme aze afike ku-400 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Zitholakala eColombia, eVenezuela, eGuyana, eBrazil, ePeru nase-Ecuador.
Izakhamuzi ezinkulu kunazo zonke zihlala emgodini woMfula i-Orinoco. Kuze kube manje, izingcingo ezimbili zeDa. ziyaziwa. i-accipitrinus ne D.a. amafuscifrons. Izindlela zokugcina lezi zitholakala kuphela ezifundeni zaseBrazil iPara neMato Grosso eningizimu yoMfula i-Amazon.
Ukuziphatha
Lolu hlobo lwe-vivo luhola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo futhi luzama ukungadonseli ukunakwa kakhulu. Amachwane anomusa ngokwemvelo, othambisa kalula futhi anamathele enkosini yawo. Izinyoni ezibanjwa lapho sezikhulile zibonisa ulaka olubi futhi zivame ukuziphatha kabi kubantu nasezilwaneni ezifuywayo.
Ukulutha ekudingisweni kunzima kakhulu kubo futhi kudinga isikhathi esiningi. Iningi lazo lenqaba ngokuphelele ukuzikhiqiza kumaseli.
Kunolwazi oluncane kakhulu olunokwethenjelwa ngokuzalanisa endle. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izazi zesayensi yezokwelapha zikwazile ukuthola izidleke ezimbili kuphela ehlathini. Kwakunamantshontsho munye ngamunye.
Lesi sidleke sitholakala emigodini yezihlahla, esikhathini esiningi ezigxotsheni ezindala. E-clutch kuvame ukuba namaqanda amhlophe amabili noma amathathu. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-26. Owesifazane kuphela ofaka amaqanda, njengoba encike ngokuphelele kumlingani. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekondleni izingane. Amakati aqala ukuba namaphiko eneminyaka engamasonto ayi-9 ukuya kweli-10.
Parrots zihlala ngamaqembu amancane wezinyoni ezingafika ku-20. Umsebenzi uzibonakalisa ngesikhathi sasemini, unyakazisa emihlathini ephezulu yehlathi. Azinandawo yaphakade yokulala, okuyinto ejwayelekile kumapharagi aseNingizimu Melika. Indiza inzima impela futhi iqukethe izigaba zokuhlela ezinde. Ukudla kwansuku zonke kufaka amantongomane, izithelo, izimbali, imbewu namajikijolo. Izinyoni ezinezinsuku kwesinye isikhathi zivakashela izingadi ukujabulela izithelo ezivuthiwe ze-guava, okuyindlela yazo eziyithandayo.
Izinyoni ziyakwazi ukwenza inani elikhulu lemisindo ehlukene yezinkinobho ezahlukene. Esikhathini esiningi uzwe ukukhala okubandakanya ithoni eyodwa ebukhali emfushane namathoni amabili amade. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bathanda ukuxoxa isikhathi eside futhi bashaye ikhwela buthule.
Ekhaya, amaphara fan abaphethe njengezidalwa ezinomsindo kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, banovalo olukhulu futhi banamahloni, imvamisa baqala ukukhipha izimpaphe ekucindezelekeni ekucindezelekeni. Kancane kancane ujwayele bese ujwayela imvelo entsha, thanda ukugeza. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, baba nokusola futhi banolaka, futhi kungadala ukulimala kubalimi bezinkukhu abangenalwazi.
Kumuntu oyedwa osekhulile, indawo ebanzi ebanzi enomthamo ophansi ongama-3x1.5x2 m. Ngosayizi abancane, izinyoni zihlangabezana nokudangala ngenxa yendlela yokuphila yokuhlala. Izinga lokushisa lomoya elingaphansi kuka-15 ° C liholela kumakhaza, ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuligcina lisesezingeni elingehli ngaphansi kwama-25 ° C Indawo yokuphumula nokulala ifakwe endaweni yezindiza, isesimweni samabhokisi amancanyana afana nezindlu zezinyoni ezinesisindo esingu-30x30x75 cm.
Abamele lezinhlobo badume ngobukrelekrele babo kanye ne-wits esheshayo. Lapho beqala ukuxhumana nomnikazi wabo, bayakwazi ukukhumbula ngekhanda amagama amaningi nemishwana futhi bawasebenzise ngokuzethemba empilweni yansuku zonke.
Ukudansa ama-parrots akhethe kakhulu ekudleni. Njengomthetho, bakhetha ukudla noma yisiphi isithelo esisodwa futhi bangaguquki ekudleni okulinganiselayo.
Ekuthunjweni yidla ubhanana, ama-aphula, ithini lamapheya nezithelo eziswolintshi. Kwimifino, izaqathi kukhethwa. Yidla imbewu yokusanhlamvu nemidumba, ithanda kakhulu imbewu ye-sunflower namathanga.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-33-35 cm. Isisindo sisukela ku-190-280 g. Umbala oyinhloko wangemuva uluhlaza. Ngasemuva kwekhanda kukhona abalandeli bezimpaphe ezikhuphuka ngesikhathi semidlalo, ukwesaba noma ulaka.
Izimpaphe ezibomvu ezinemivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zikhula esifubeni, isisu nape entanyeni. Ibunzi nomqhele kumhlophe futhi kukhilimu, emuva, amaphiko nezinhlangothi ziluhlaza. Ngaphansi komsila kanye nemaphethelo wamaphiko amnyama ansundu.
Uthingo lwamehlo luphuzi, uqhwaku lumnyama-mpunga, imilenze impunga. Izinyoni ezincane zishoda ngendawo ekhanyayo ekhanda lekhanda. Umzimba ophansi kanye noqhwaku kulula, futhi amehlo ansundu.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwamapharafu fan asondele eminyakeni engama-20 kuya kwengama-22.
Ukubukeka
Izici zangaphandle zenyoni zincike endaweni yokuhlala yenyoni, ubulili bayo, kanye nezici zezinhlobo zephrotheni. Ngokombono wokubukwa, ukwakheka kwangaphandle kwale nyoni kumelelwa ngenhla kwekhanda, ikhanda nangemuva lekhanda, intamo, emuva namaphiko, amahlombe, isifuba nesisu, imilenze nomsila. Ama-parrots anamehlo amakhulu, futhi i-cornea (i-membrane esobala) imboza umphambili wesohlo lamehlo, lapho kubonakala khona ilensi yemibala ehlukahlukene. Umfundi utholakala enkabeni ye-lens. Indlebe yenyoni ihlukaniswe yangaphakathi nangokwesibili, futhi izimpaphe ezincane zimboza izimbobo zezindlebe.
Uqhwaku lusetshenziselwa upholi hhayi kuphela ukubamba ngokuthembekile ukudla nokuphuza amanzi, kodwa futhi kusebenza njengokusekelwa okwengeziwe lapho ugibela. Izinyoni ziyahlukahluka ngemisipha ekhuleke kakhulu yoqhwaku nomhlathi waso ophathwayo ongaphezulu. Isisekelo somlomo sibonakaliswa ubukhona be-waxberry ekhethekile bobunjwa obuhlukahlukene, obukhanyayo obukhanyayo noma obungenamibala. Kukhona okhaleni ku-wax yenyoni.
Izibalo ezingaphambili ziguquliwe, zimelelwa ngokuqinile futhi zenzelwe amaphiko endiza. I-plumage esemaphikweni ifaka phakathi kwamaphiko nezimpiko ze-contour, futhi lapho ivaliwe, le ngxenye yomzimba igcina izinga lokushisa elizinzile nelinethezekile lenyoni.
Ingxenye yomsila wezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamapharishi ifaka izimpaphe zomsila ezinkulu eziyishumi nambili ezimboza umsila nomsila ngendlela yokumboza komsila wobude obuhlukahlukene. Imilenze yawo wonke ama-parrots afushane futhi aqine kakhulu, akhule kahle. Izinyoni ezinamazinyo zinezinzwane ezine ezinyaweni zazo, eyesibili neyesithathu yinde impela, iqondiswe phambili. Iminwe yangaphakathi kanye nengaphandle ibheke emuva. Emilengeni kukhona ebukhali futhi egobekile ngokuqinile, izifengqa ezinde.
Osayizi bezinyoni
Izinhlobo eziningi zopholi ziphakeme kakhulu kunezihlobo zazo ngobukhulu obuphakathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, abanye abantu bayakwazi ukukhula babe ngamamitha ubude, yize kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezinobukhulu obuvela kumsila kuya komqhele zingamasentimitha ayi-10-16 kuphela. Ama-parrots amakhulu kakhulu ahlukaniswa njengo:
- amazon aphuzi-amakhanda ne-chenelitium,
- uphizi omkhulu we-vase
- Lory red ebomvu,
- i-cockatoo yellow-eared kuchema kanye nomnyama,
- isikhova isikhova
- i-macaw ebomvu nphuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- i-macaw hyacinth.
Ama-parrots amancane abonakala hhayi ngobukhulu bawo obuncane kuphela, kodwa nangobuhle bawo bangaphandle. Izinyoni ezinjalo zemvelaphi exotic zivame ukungcoliswa kakhulu ngabantu, zisebenza futhi zihlakaniphe. Abamele abancane kakhulu bomndeni we-parrot bangama-Woodpeckers, ubude bomzimba ophakathi kwawo okungu-7-13 cm, futhi bunesisindo esingadluli ku-12-13 g. Ama-parrots-like parrots angawezinhlobo zezinyoni Ondlunkulu banobude bomzimba obungu-12 cm cm, enesisindo esilinganiselwe esingu-25-30 g.
Indlela yokuphila
Esikhathini esiningi, amaphalishi ahlala emaphaketheni ezinombolo ezahlukahlukene, kanti abanye bakhetha ngisho nokudla izidleke emakoloni. Izinyoni eziningi zifuna amanzi nokuphakelwa ziyakwazi ukwenza izindiza ezihlala njalo, zinqobele amabanga amade nezindawo eziguqukayo.
Izinyoni zivame ukuhlala emgodini, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zazo zihlala emiseleni noma emifantwini enamadwala. Ukuhlaba umkhosi nokumemeza okukhulu okukhishwa ngezinhlobo eziningi ezinkulu kuvame ukumane kungabekezelelwa endlebeni yomuntu. Ama-parrots amancane, njengomthetho, anezwi elimnandi nelithandekayo.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Ngokuphikisana nemibono eyiphutha eyandile yabantu abajwayelekile, isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila komuntu opholiweyo singaba yiminyaka eyikhulu noma ngaphezulu, futhi kunenqwaba yalawo maqembu ayikhulu emndenini onezinwele, kepha iningi lamalungu omndeni alihlali isikhathi esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu.
Isibonelo, isikhathi sokuphila kwama-budgerigars ajwayelekile ekuthunjweni sisilinganiso seminyaka eyi-12-13, kepha umuntu oyedwa ezifuyweni ezilikhulu uphila kuze kube iminyaka eyishumi nesithupha, futhi ipharaphothi eliyinkulungwane ngalinye lingaphila iminyaka eyi-18 kuya kwengu-19. Futhi isikhathi esiqondile sokuphila ekudingisweni kwama-Cuba aseMazon amashumi amane eminyaka.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Izitho zangasese zopholi zitholakala ngaphakathi kwesisu sesisu. Kwabesilisa, ukuba khona kwezivivinyo ezinobhontshisi obunjiwe kanye nokuvulwa kwe-vas deferens ku-cloaca kuyisici. Kwabesifazane, i-ovary yesobunxele ivame ukukhula kahle, futhi kukhona ne-oviduct ende engakhokhelwa evula i-cloaca. Kulokhu, amaqanda ngaphakathi kwe-ovary awakhiwa ngasikhathi sinye.
I-dimorphism yezocansi kuwo wonke ama-parrots akhona namuhla ivezwa buthaka kakhulu. Izinsikazi ezindala nezinsikazi zezinyoni ezinjalo zinemibala ecishe ifane. Okuhlukile kulo mthetho namuhla kwethulwa kuphela ngabamele izinhlobo zeNoble Parrot, lapho umehluko wobulili ubonakala kakhulu futhi umenyezelwa khona ukuthi esikhathini esithile esidlule abesilisa nabesilisa babenza iphutha ngezinyoni ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Amazons
Ama-Amazons angabamele uhlobo lwasendulo lwamapherishi, ayaziwa kusukela ngesikhathi sikaColumbus. Izinyoni ezinkulu kakhulu zifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-40, zibe nokubukeka okuhle, ukudlala, kanye nekhono lokuxhumana okunengqondo. Ama-plumage aqhakaza eluhlaza, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezinamabala akhanyayo emsileni, endaweni yekhanda namaphiko. Izici zendawo yokuhlala kanye nombala ziboniswa ngamagama ezinhlobo ezikhona: i-Amazon ebhekwe ubuso nobuso obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, uVenezuelan, uCuba nabanye.
IMacaw - upholi odlula usayizi wezihlobo zawo, ubude bawo bomzimba bufinyelela kumitha eyodwa. Ubuningi babameleli balezi zinhlobo bulawulwa imibala ekhanyayo negcwele satjani, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ebomvu nephuzi. Isici sezinhlobo ezinobuntu ubukhona bezindawo ezingenamakhaza ezinhlangothini zekhanda, nasezindongeni zamehlo. Izinhlobo ze-rubella ze-macaw zimelele ngendlebe yazo yomculo nokulingisa okuhle kakhulu kwezinsimbi zomculo. Phambilini, izinyoni ezinjalo bezigcinwa njengabalindi, zazisa abanini ngokukhala kwabo okukhulu ngokubukeka kwezihambi.
Aratinga
I-Aratinga ingabamele izimbungulu ezincane ezinobukhulu. Ubude bomzimba ojwayelekile bomuntu omdala bubalelwa ku-20-30 cm.Izinyoni ezinjalo zibonakaliswa umlingiswa ojabule futhi onobungane kakhulu. Ekhaya, lezi zinhlwathi kuthiwa uthando lazo ngokuthi “izinti.” Ama-white-eyed and sunny, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zegolide kudala bathwebula ama-exoisseurs wezinyoni ezifuywayo ezihlala ngaphandle ezinemibala egqamile eningi. Amaphutha aphambili alezi zinhlobo afaka izwi elibukhali kakhulu futhi elikhulukazi, lelo isimboli elinjalo likwazi ukushicilela nganoma yisiphi isizathu.
Ama-Parrots amhlophe amhlophe
Ama-parrots anemibala emhlophe yizinyoni ezikweleta igama lazo elijwayelekile ngokubonakala kwezimpawu. Amapharishi aphakathi nendawo aphakathi nendawo abonakala ngemizimba enesitungu futhi enemibala, enemibala emibalabala emaphikweni, emuva, umsila nekhanda. Izimpaphe zezinyoni zinokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukeneyo kwama-shades aphuzi, owolintshi nohlaza. Iqembu lamaphalishi anamakhanda abomvu namakhanda amnyama ayaphuma. Ngokwemvelo, lezi ziyizinyoni ezinokuphawuleka ngendlela emangalisayo ezinomqondo ofunayo, ngokuzithemba okuyisimanga.
Isithasazi se-fan noma i-hawk
I-parrot fan iyinyoni ephakathi nendawo, ehlukaniswa ngombala we-motley we-plumage. Abantu ababheke ukukhanya banezimpaphe ezinsundu ezinhlangothini zekhanda, amaphiko aluhlaza, kanye nentamo ebomvu emnyama nesifuba. Zonke izimpaphe ngaphambili zinokuhlelwa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukutholakala kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezimpaphe ezimnyama ebunzini. Iphakethe lom fan libiza igama laso amandla okuphakamisa izimpaphe ngaleso sikhathi senenjabulo, ngenxa yokuthi lapho kwakhiwa khona ukhola oyingqayizivele kakhulu ekhanda, ngombala kanye nesimo kufana nesihloko sekhanda samaNdiya aseMelika. Lokhu kubukeka kunikeza upholi ngokungathi sína nokudla, ukubukeka cishe kwe-hawigs.
Ama-Budgies
I-budgie iyinyoni encane encane, eyaziwa kahle ngokukhuluma kwayo nokubukeka okuhle. Emvelweni, umbala wombala wotshani wasebenza njengokuvikelwa okunamandla okunezitha. Umehluko phakathi kwabameleli balezi zinhlobo ubukhona bezimpawu ezinsomi namabala amnyama esihlahleni, negama lichazwa igama elimnyama lezinyoni. Ngenxa yemisebenzi eminingi yokuzalanisa, inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zama-budgerigar lafuywa, okwathi ngokushesha kwaba yizinyoni ezijwayelekile kakhulu zokuhlobisa ezingandiza kahle.
Parrots
Ondlunkulu bangabantu abahlala emahlathini angomakhelwane aseduze nedamu laseBrazil, eleMelika nelaseColombia, lapho izinyoni ezinjalo zivame kakhulu. Izinyoni ezinotshani obuluhlaza, ophuzi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zihlobisa indawo yemvelo. Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala abudluli ku-14-15 cm.Izinyoni ezinjalo zinomsila omfushane nomlingiswa ophilayo, zinesibindi kakhulu futhi ziyakwazi ukuhlasela izinyoni ezidlula usayizi wazo. Ngokuya ngezici zombala, i-Mexican, amaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obuso obuphuzi nezinye izihlobo ziyahlukaniswa. Abamele lezinhlobo bakulungele ukuzalaniswa benonyaka owodwa ubudala.
AmaJaco ngamapherishi manje aqashelwa njengezinyoni ezihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi ezikhule kahle, omqondo wakhe uqhathaniswa nezinga lokukhula kwengane eneminyaka emithathu noma emine. Ngaphezu kokuphinda kuzalwe imisindo, abamele izinhlobo zinamandla okuthola izimo lapho imithwalo ye-semantic ilungile. Uhlobo lwasilwane esinezilwane ezinemibala sithathwa njengesiyinkimbinkimbi, esidinga indlela ekhethekile. Ubukhulu beparrot enhle futhi ehlakaniphile bumaphakathi, futhi ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala bufinyelela ku-30-35 cm, ngamaseli osayizi ongu-8-9 cm. Umbala weplamu uvame kakhulu ukuba ngwe-ash grey noma obomvu.
Isimangalo se-Emerald
Iphephadonga le-emerald namuhla lingummeleli yedwa wezinhlobo, umhlangano onqabile kakhulu. Izinyoni ezinjalo zenhlalo zithanda ukuhlangana ngamaqembu abantu abayishumi nesithupha. Endlala noma ngesikhathi sezulu esibi, imihlambi emincane iyahlangana, ngakho-ke ezindizeni ezinjalo zingaba “amafu amakhulu” aluhlaza. Esiqwini semifino, izimbotshana eziningi zibonakala zincibilika, okuchazwa kalula ngumbala we-emerald wezimpaphe. Abamele lezinhlobo banemilenze eqinile enamazinyo aqinile agobile. Uqhwaku oluboshiwe, njengokungathi luhlelelwe ukumba njalo inyamazane encane evela enhlabathini noma ekufuneni izinambuzane ezikhaleni zamagxolo esihlahla.
I-Cockatoo
Abathandi abaningi nochwepheshe abaningi babazisa kakhulu abamele bama-subspecies ahlukahlukene we-cockatoo parrots ngenxa yokubukeka kwabo okuhle nobukhulu obukhulu. Abantu abakhulu bale nhlobo bafika kubude obungamasentimitha angama-60- 70. Uqhwaku lwenyoni enamandla futhi lukhule kahle lufana nippers, ngosizo lapho igobolondo lamantongomane livulwa izinyoni. Uma ifiswa, i-cockatoo ingakuluma kalula futhi ngokushesha ucingo. Isici esimangazayo sokubukeka kwe-cockatoo ukuba khona kwe-crest ehlekisayo. Umbala womhlobiso omuhle kangaka, njengomthetho, uhlukile kumbala weplamu omkhulu. Ukufakwa ingemuva kubonakaliswa ukwanda kwemibala epinki, emhlophe nephuzi. I-cockatoo enombala omnyama wezinsiba iyivelakancane kakhulu.
Owl upholi
IKakapo iyinyoni yakudala impela elahlekelwe ngokuphelele amandla ayo okundiza ngenkuthalo. Ngenxa yenqwaba yabalandeli bezungeze ikhanda, ukubonakala kwephalamende kufana nesikhova. Amapayipi athambile nenyama emnandi kakhulu yenyoni enjalo ngesinye sezizathu ezibalulekile zokuqothulwa kwalezi zinhlaka, abantu bakhona abasinde ezindaweni ezikude zaseNew Zealand. Le nyoni enkulu inesisindo esingama-4 kg, inephimbo elikhulu, elifana nezingcingo zama-bitterns, ukugoba kwengulube noma ukukhala kwembongolo. Umbala we-plumage ufana nezingubo zokugqoka. Le nyoni inemuva eliphuzi oluhlaza okotshani obunamabala ansundu namnyama. I-cacapo yabantu abadala ihola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, ikhetha izindawo ezinomswakama omningi.
New Zealand Parrots
Ama-parroti amaKakariki noma eNew Zealand angawesigaba sezinyoni ezaziwayo zezinyoni ezifuywayo ezingenakuphakama emvelweni. Izinyoni ezinobukhulu obukhulu zinomsila omude wombala oluhlaza ogqamile. Lapho igcinwa ekudingisweni, ngaphandle kwekheyi, izilwane ezifuywayo ezinjalo zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni inkululeko yokuhamba amahora amane noma amahlanu ngosuku. AmaKakariki ayizinyoni ezinobuntu obumnandi, ngokuvamile akwazi ukukhombisa ukuzimela kwawo ngokuphelele futhi agweme isigxina somnikazi.
Ama-Nestors
I-Kea noma amaNestors, ngokusho kwama-ornithologists, athole igama lawo ngenxa yokukhala okungajwayelekile, okufana kakhulu nomsindo "ke-eaaaaa." Ama-parrots alolu hlobo athanda izindawo zezintaba ezisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayinkulungwane nesigamu ngaphezulu kolwandle. Izindawo ezinjengalezi zinezimpawu zesibungu, imimoya nomoya wenkungu. I-Kea iyabekezelela ngesizotha ngisho nangezivunguvungu zesiphepho futhi iyakwazi ukwenza iziqubu njengama-real capobats. I-plumage yomnqumo yenyoni ifakwe umhluzi ngombala obomvu-owolintshi kanye nensimbi ekhanyayo engaphezulu kwamaphiko. I-plumage enkulu yeNestors ihlotshiswe ngemivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-Kea namuhla isesigabeni samalungu ahlakaniphe kakhulu omndeni weparrot.
Izimbotshana ezinamaphiko noma ezinamathele
Izinyoni ezinhle kakhulu nezinomusa zinomsila owenziwe ngesimo nangesinyathelo. Abantu abadala banomzimba wobude obuphakathi, ngaphakathi kwamasentimitha angama-45-50. Lolu hlobo lwephothi luhlukaniswa ngokuba khona komgexo omangalisa kakhulu ozungeze intamo noma umucu okhonjiwe wombala omnyama ngendlela yohlobo lokubopha. Amapharishi anama-ringed aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala, kanti uqhwaku lusetshenziselwa ukukhwela izihlahla ngezinyoni, ezichazwa yimilenze ebuthakathaka hhayi eyakhiwe kahle.
URosella
I-Rosella yaziswa kakhulu ngabathandi bezilwane ezifuywayo ezihlotshiswe ngemvelo ngenxa yesimo sayo esizolile, kanye nenqwaba yakhona engajwayelekile, esikhumbuza izikali zezinhlanzi ngombala wayo. I-plumage yezinyoni ezinjalo ibonakala ngemibala egqamile enemibala eminingi, emelelwa ngamathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, ophuzi namnyama. Izinyoni zalezi zinhlobo zikwazi kahle ukuzivumelanisa cishe nanoma yiziphi izimo, ngakho-ke ziqonda kalula iziza namapaki asengadini, zivumelana nezimo zasendlini ngokushesha. Ukuthandwa kwe-rosella kuchazwa ngokuhlabelela kwezwi labo, kanye nangomlutha wokuhlabelela okumnene.
Amapharishi weSenegal
Izinyoni eziphakathi nendawo ezinobukhulu obujwayelekile ziphawulwa ngamaphiko amade. Abamele abantu abadala bale nhlobo bathambekele ekwenzeni amaqhinga wesekethe alula. Ukubonakala kwezinyoni kuhlukaniswa yisisu se-orange kanye ne-green green, kanye ne-plumage grey endaweni yekhanda. Kunzima kakhulu ukufuya abantu basendle, kepha amachwane akhulele enkulisa kalula futhi ngokushesha azivumelanisa nokugcina ekuthunjweni.
I-Eclectus
Isimangalo salolu hlobo sihlukaniswa ngokuziphatha okuhle. Izinyoni ezinjalo zibonakaliswa ukuvuleleka ngokuphelele nothando, futhi ngenxa yokuzikhethela ziyakwazi ukuba ngumngane wangempela nomngane womuntu. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala buhlukahluka kusuka ku-35-37 kuya ku-43-45 cm. Kulokhu, izinyoni zinephunga elibuthakathaka ngombala ocebile, futhi amaphiko amangalisayo namibalabala akwazi ukunika ukubukeka kwale nyoni.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Izinyoni zaseMotley zihlala esifundeni esishisayo nasendaweni eshisayo. Ngaphezu kwengxenye yazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezaziwayo namuhla zihlala e-Australia, kanti ingxenye yesithathu yendawo yokuhlala kwalezi zinyoni iwela eSouth America naseMelika Ephakathi. Ingxenye encane yamaphrotheki ahlala e-Afrika kanye namazwe aseNingizimu Asia. Imvamisa, amaphalishi athanda amahlathi, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zihlala ezigodini nasezintabeni. Izindawo ezingamasela ezilahliwe, imisele nemigodi kuyindawo yokuhlala yezinyoni.
I-Parrot ration
Njengamanje, imindeni embalwa ivelele: ama-cockatoos kanye nopholi. Umndeni we-cockatoo wawungowokuzithoba esikhathini esithile esidlule. Amatekisi amaningi kakhulu ahlukanisa imindeni engezansi yeNestor neLoria abe yimindeni ehlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibhangqwana yemindeni namuhla ifinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-316-350.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlobo ingokwesigaba sezinyoni ezinamakhemikhali, ezidla ngembewu nangezithelo ezahlukahlukene, ama-rhizomes, kanye nezingxenye zezitshalo, zemifino iningi lazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo. Amanye amapharishi adla umpe, isithako somuthi n impova. Parrots zisebenzisa izinambuzane ezincane njengokudla kwamaprotheni.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Inzalo enempilo futhi eqinile yakhiwa kusuka ngamabili izinyoni zemindeni ehlukene. Ngasikhathi sinye, iminyaka lapho uphwayi okulungele ukuzalaniswa kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane iza kuphela ngonyaka owodwa nohhafu noma emibili, futhi izinkomba zokukhiqiza eziphezulu ziyabonakala ezinyangeni ezineminyaka emithathu ubudala. Ama-parrots awabonakali ngokuziphatha okunobudlova kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuluthwa.
Ama-parrots esidlekeni ikakhulukazi emigodini, kepha angasebenzisa imisele noma izimbungulu zanjongo ngale njongo. Kufakwe ezimweni eziningi i-monogamous. Kwabamele izinhlobo ezincane ezihlala emaphaketheni amakhulu, ngababili ababunjiwe bahlukana ngaphansi kwethonya lezinto ezingezinhle, kufaka phakathi ukushona komlingani, ukungaphumeleli isidleke noma isilinganiso esingesihle phakathi kobulili.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zizalela kanye ngonyaka, futhi ezinhlotsheni ezincane, imichilo emibili kuya kwemine ingabhekwa phakathi nenkathi yonyaka. Ukubekwa kwezinyoni kuyahluka ngosayizi wayo futhi kungaqukatha amaqanda ayi-1-12 (imvamisa kakhulu ama-2-5). Njengomthetho, amaqanda aqandelwa abesifazane kuphela. Amakati azalwa eyimpumputhe futhi enqunu, futhi abazali bondla inzalo ngokugqekeza esihlokweni sabo.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha zemvelo zopholi zimelelwa yizilwane ezinkulu ezinamaphiko, kanye nezilwane eziningi zasendle ezizingelayo. Inyama yohlobo oluthile lwamapharishi, ikakhulukazi ama-cockatoos kanye nama-amazon, isetshenziselwa ukudla amaNdiya amaNdiya ahlala esifundeni saseNingizimu Melika, kanye nawabesifazane base-Australia.
Ngokobufakazi babahambi nabafundi, ezinye izizwe zamaNdiya zaseAmazon kudala zikhula zopholi we-macaw. Izinyoni ezikhulwe ngale ndlela azibulawa ngenjongo yenyama, kodwa zisetshenziselwa kuphela izimpaphe zemibala ekhanyayo, ezidingekile lapho kwenziwa indwangu yokugibela.
Inani labantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Ama-parrots, njengabamele izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, akhona kusukela ngekhulu lesihlanu B.C.E. Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziningana, le nyoni yaqothulwa ngenxa yeplamu eliqhakazile nelinhle, labanjwa ukuze ligcinwe ekudingisweni. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi okusebenzayo nakho kube nomthelela ekunciphiseni kwenani lezinyoni ezinjalo. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo sezivele zanyamalala ngokuphelele noma sekuzophela. Njengamanje eNcwadini Ebomvu (IWC) kubaliwe:
- Isidlakela sendawo yase-Australia
- I-Seychelles Island parrot
- okunye okubhalisiwe kwamapharrothi e-amazon,
- herbal parrot
- i-cacapo (ebusuku nobusuku noma isikhova).
IKakapo kubhekwe ukuthi inyamalale endaweni yemvelo, ngakho-ke, abamele lezi zinhlobo zitholakala namuhla kuphela ezinkulisa nasezindlini ezizimele. Ngaphezu kwalezi, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingandile zifaka i-Inca cockatoo, i-macaw eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-aratinga yegolide, i-amazon yasebukhosini kanye ne-macaw yaseCuba kanye ne-cockatoo yase-Solomon.
Ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobo ezingandile kuyabandakanyeka emazingeni kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe. Kuze kube manje, inani lezindawo ezigcinwa kanye nezindawo zokuhlala liyakhula, futhi izinyoni zigcinwa ekudingisweni ngokukhishwa okwalandela kwezinyoni endaweni yemvelo. Impi yokulwa nokuzingela kanye nokuvinjwa kokuthunyelwa okungekho emthethweni kwezinyoni ezingavamile ezivela ezweni nazo ziyaqashelwa njengezisebenzayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Umndeni we-parrot uhlukaniswe waba yimindeni engezansi emihlanu:
- I-Woodpeckers (I-Micropsitta) Bahlala eNew Guinea naseziqhingini eziseduze. Amalungu amancane omndeni. Ubude bomzimba wabo abudluli i-10 cm, amaphiko - cishe ama-6-7 cm.
- ILoriinae (uLoriinae). Bahlala e-Australia, New Guinea, empumalanga ye-Indonesia nasePhilippines. Abanye amatekisi ahlukanisa emndenini ohlukile.
- Ama-parrots angempela (Psittacinae). Zihlala ikakhulukazi e-Afrika naseMelika, kepha zitholakala nase-Australia, zinomsila omfishane oqondile noma omisiwe. Phila ezihlahleni.
- Izikhova noma izigaxa zobumba (iStrigopinae) zibonisa isifunda saseNew Zealand zoogeographic futhi zifana nezikhova lapho zibukeka. Zinezimpaphe ezithambile ngokumangazayo. Izinhlobo ezine ezihlobene zihlala ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla nasemajele.
- Nestorinae parrots (Nestorinae). Bahlala eziqhingini zaseNew Zealand.
Izincazelo ezingokomfanekiso
- Ipharaphishi ngesiRussia isetshenziselwa ukuchaza “igama eliphindayo” (ngekhono lopharrot ukukhiqiza umsindo).
- "I-Parrot" isho indawo engaziwa yokulinganisa (ngokusho kwendaba "yeparothi engu-38" kaGregory Oster nefilimu opopayi esekwe kuyo, lapho ubude bokulinganiswa be-boa bekulinganiswa "ngopholi").
- Ipholiji ibizwa ngento enombala ogqamile, obangela inhlanganisela yemibala noma Umbala.