Enye yezilwane ezincelisayo ezimangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni wethu. omnyama umpompi. Ama-tapirs ama-herbivores amakhulu avela ku-artiodactyl oda. Babukeka njengengulube ngokubukeka kwabo, noma kunjalo, banesiqu njengendlovu. Kunenganekwane mayelana nama-tapirs ukuthi umenzi wadala lezi zilwane ezivela ezingxenyeni ezisele zomzimba wezinye izilwane, futhi le nganekwane inesizathu esihle.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: I-tapir emnyama
Isibonakaliso seTapirus (i-tapir eyed-Black-eyeed) singokwombuso wezilwane, uhlobo lwe-chordata, izilwane ezincelisayo ezilandelwayo ziyi-oda elingumkhawulo, umndeni we-tapir, amathayela wezinhlobo zohlobo, kanye nohlobo lwe-black-tapir. Amapayipi ayizilwane zasendulo ezimangalisayo. Okhokho bokuqala be-tapirs baphila emhlabeni wethu eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingamashumi amathathu edlule, noma kunjalo, ompompi besimanje empeleni abahlukile kokhokho babo. Ngaphambi kwenkathi yeqhwa, ama-tapirs ayaziwa ukuthi ayehlala eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika nase China.
Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela zama-tapirs asele:
- I-tapir yaseMexico (lolu hlobo luhlala ezindaweni ezisukela eningizimu yeMexico kuye e-Ecuador),
- IBrazil (izifunda ezihlala eParaguay ziya eColombia),
- UHighland Tapir uhlala eColombia nase-Ecuador. Amapayipi asentabeni ambozwe ngoboya obukhulu.
Ama-tapings afana nengulube noma nehhashi. Imilenze yeTapir injengemilenze yamahhashi. Amanqina emilenzeni afakwe kathathu emilenzeni yangemuva, kuthi ophelele amane ngaphambili. Futhi emilenzeni kukhona izinhlamvu ezinjengehhashi. Ama-tapings anomzimba omkhulu kunalokho, ikhanda elincane okukhona kuso isiqu esingashukumiseka. Lezi zilwane zizalwa ngombala ofanayo ababephila kuwo okhokho bawo: imichiza ekhanyayo idlula ngemuva kwesizinda esimnyama futhi isuka ekhanda iye emsileni.
I-tapir emnyama ihlukaniswa ubukhona emhlane nasezinhlangothini zendawo enkulu ekhanyayo koboyeni. Ngo-1919, uGeorges Cuvier, udokotela wamehlo odumile, wakhipha isitatimende sokuthi zonke izilwane ezinkulu zatholakala ngesayensi, nokho, ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa engeza esinye isilwane esimangalisayo emsebenzini wakhe “Umlando Wemvelo” - tapira.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: I-tapir emnyama ngokwemvelo
I-tapir emnyama iyinhlobo enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi komndeni wakwa-tapir. Ubude bomzimba ukusuka kumamitha ayi-1.9 kuya kwayi-2,5. Ukuphakama kwesilwane lapho kubuna kusuka ku-0.8 kuya kumitha eyi-1. Umuntu omdala unesisindo esisuka ku-245 kuya ku-330 kg. Kodwa-ke, abantu ngamunye watholakala enesisindo sethani. Kulokhu, izinsikazi zikhulu kunezabesilisa. Ama-Shingles avela kwezinye izinhlobo angahlukaniswa yindawo enkulu emhlophe emuva nayo eyehlela ezinhlangothini. Umbala woboya be-tapir onsundu noma umnyama.
Kukhona umngcele omhlophe emaphethelweni ezindlebe. Ekuzalweni, amathole lawo anombala onemibala, futhi kuphela ezinyangeni eziyi-7 umbala uyashintsha futhi kwakhiwa ibala elimhlophe phezu kwejazi. Ijazi ezilwaneni zalolu hlobo lifushane. Isikhumba siqinile futhi siwugqinsi. E-nape nasekhanda, isikhumba sikhulu ikakhulukazi, lokhu kuvikela i-tapir ekulimaleni.
Ihlala kuphi i-tapir emnyama?
Isithombe: ITipir eThailand
Endle, ama-tapirs ahlala eSoutheast Asia, futhi lezi zilwanyana ezimangalisayo zingatholakala nasezindaweni ezimaphakathi neziseningizimu neThailand, eMalaysia, eMiami, kanye naseziqhingini zaseSumatra. Ngezinto ezincane, lezi zilwane zingatholakala emahlathini ashisayo eningizimu yeCambodia naseVietnam. Amaphayiphu ahlala emahlathini aminyene, anomswakama.
Bakhetha izindawo lapho kunotshani obuningi bezitshalo eziluhlaza nalapho ungazifihla khona emehlweni ezindlwane. Enye yezinto ezibalulekile lapho ukhetha indawo yokuhlala ukuba khona kwedamu. Amapayipi abhukuda kahle futhi asebenzisa iningi lempilo yawo emanzini, awakubekezeleli ukushisa futhi achitha usuku oluningi endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Lapho ubhukuda, izinhlanzi ezincane zibuye zihlangane nalezi zilwane; zihlanza izinwele zesilwane ezinhlamvwini ezahlukahlukene.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Phakathi kwamapayiphathi anekhanda elimnyama, kuvame ukuba khona abantu abanombala omnyama ngokuphelele, okubizwa ngokuthi ama-melanc. Ngaphezu kokufaka imibala, awahlukile kwabanye abamele le nhlobo. Isikhathi sokuphila kwamapayipi cishe iminyaka engama-30.
Izilwane zizama ukungaphumi emathafeni nasezindaweni ezivulekile njengoba zinezitha eziningi kakhulu yize zinkulu. Amahlosi namabhubesi, ama-anacondas nabanye abaningi abazingelayo baphupha ukudla inyama ye-tapir. Ngakho-ke, ama-tapirs aholela yokuphila okuyimfihlo, azulazula kakhulu ehlathini ebusuku, ebusuku umbala wawo uba uhlobo lokufihla, ngoba ebumnyameni umhlaseli akakwazi ukwahlukanisa imincanyana yezilwane ekuboneni ibala elimhlophe kuphela, inkohliso enjalo ebonakalayo isindisa ompompi kubazingeli.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ihlala kuphi i-tapir emnyama. Masibone ukuthi udlani.
Ngabe kudlani i-tapir emnyama?
Photo: Red Book Tapir
Ukudla kweTapir kuqukethe:
- amaqabunga ezitshalo ezahlukahlukene
- izithelo nemifino
- amajikijolo
- amagatsha nezihlahla zezihlahla,
- i-moss, amakhowe nama-lichens,
- utshani kanye nolwelwe.
Iningi lawo wonke ama-tapings athanda usawoti, uvame ukuqoqwa emzimbeni wawo, ama-tapirs angahamba amabanga amade efuna lokhu kwelashwa. Zidinga nokudla ushoko nobumba, lezi zinto zingumthombo omuhle kakhulu wezinto ezilandelwayo zomkhondo. Ngenkathi ama-tapirs esemanzini, akhipha i-algae nesiqu sawo, adle ipulankton, futhi ahlwitha amagatsha ezihlahleni ezikhungethwe yizikhukhula. ITapir inezinto ezinhle kakhulu zokukhishwa kokudla - isiqu. Ngesiqu, umpompi uthatha amaqabunga nezithelo ezihlahleni awubeke emlonyeni wakhe.
Naphezu kokuxakaxaka kwabo okubonakalayo, ama-tapirs ayizilwane eziqinile futhi ngesikhathi sesomiso angahamba amabanga amade eyofuna ukudla. Kwezinye izindawo, lezi zilwane ezinhle futhi ezolile zingadala ukulimala okukhulu. Amapayipi anganyathela futhi adle amaqabunga kanye namagatsha ezitshalweni lapho kukhule khona izihlahla zikashokholethi, nazo lezi zilwane azinandaba nomoba, imango kanye amakhabe, futhi zingalimaza ukutshala kwalezi zitshalo. Ekuthunjweni, ama-tapirs anikezwa ukudla okufana nengulube. Ama-tapirs athande ukudla ama-breadcrumbs namaswidi ahlukahlukene. Bangadla oats, ukolweni, kanye nezinye izithelo zamabele nemifino ehlukahlukene.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-tapir emnyama
Endle, ama-tapirs ayizilwane ezigcina imfihlo kakhulu, ziphila impilo yobusuku. Esikhathini sasemini, lezi zilwane zichitha cishe usuku lonke emanzini. Lapho bacasha khona kubazingeli, nelanga elishisayo. Futhi futhi lezi zilwane zihlala zingahlukani nokugeza ngodaka, lokhu kuzisindisa ezimungwini ezihlala ngoboya bazo, futhi zijabulise izilwane. Amapayipi abhukuda kahle, kufaka ngaphansi kwamanzi, angazitholela ukudla kwawo lapho. Ebona ubungozi, i-tapir ingangena emanzini futhi isikhathi esithile ingaveli ngaphezulu.
Ebusuku, ama-tapirs azulazula ehlathini efuna ukudla. Lezi zilwane azibonwa kahle, kepha ukungaboni kahle kubalwa ngemizwa emihle yokuhogela nokuthinta, ebumnyameni baqondiswa imisindo nokuhogela. Amapayipi anamahloni kakhulu lapho ezwa ukugqwala noma ezwa ukuthi isilwane singasizingela, ngokushesha ngokwanele ukubalekela. Emini, bazama ukungaphumi emaqubeni noma emanzini, ukuze bangabi isisulu somphangi.
Amaphayiphu aqala indlela yokuphila eyedwa, okuhlukile kwenzeka kuphela ngenkathi yokukhwelana, lapho owesilisa ehlangana nowesifazane ukuzala nokukhulisa inzalo. Ngezinye izikhathi, izilwane ziziphatha kabi izihlobo zazo, azivunyelwe ukungena emkhakheni wazo, noma ngesikhathi sokufuduka, ama-tapirs athuthela yedwa noma ngababili ukusuka kowesilisa nowesifazane. Ukuxhumana nomunye nomunye, ama-tapirs akhipha imisindo e-sonorous efana nekhwela. Ngemuva kokubona isihlobo sakhe eduze kwakhe, umtheni uzozama konke okusemandleni akhe ukumxosha endaweni yakhe.
Iqiniso elihehayo: ama-tapings akhula ngokwengqondo epanini nengulube yasekhaya. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi endle, lezi zilwane ziziphatha gadalala, zijwayela ngokushesha ukuvalelwa empilweni, ziqala ukulalela abantu futhi zibaqonde.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-black tapir cub
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwama-tapirs siba ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ikakhulukazi lokhu ukuphela kuka-Ephreli - Meyi. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kukhona ngoJuni. Ekudingisweni, ama-tapirs alungele ukuzalaniswa unyaka wonke. Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, ama-tapings aba nemidlalo yangempela yokuzalela: izilwane zenza imisindo enkulu kakhulu yokukhala, kusukela kule misindo izintokazi zingathola owesilisa ehlathini lehlathi, nowesilisa ngowesifazane. Ngenkathi yokuzalelana, izilwane ziyajuluka, zilume, futhi zikhale kakhulu.
Umqalisi wokuzalela abesifazane. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane mude kakhulu futhi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-410. Ngokuyisisekelo, yinye kuphela inkukhu ezalwa ngamathayiphu, akuvamile ukuba amawele azalwe. Owesifazane unakekela iwundlu, uyalondla futhi alivikele ezingozini.
Ngemuva kokuzalwa, iwundlu lihlala endaweni yokukhosela isikhashana, kepha lapho kuphela isonto elilodwa iwhole liqala ukuhamba nonina. Ama-tapings amancane anombala omthende ovikelayo, ozoshintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala, insikazi yondla ibisi ngobisi, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iwundlu lidlula liyotshala ukudla liqala ngamahlamvu athambile, izithelo notshani obuthambile. Amawundlu we-tapir akhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi lapho esenezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala i-tapir encane iba usayizi womuntu omdala. Ama-tapirs akulungele ukuzalaniswa eneminyaka eyi-3-4 ubudala.
Izitha zemvelo ze-tapir emnyama
Isithombe: I-tapir emnyama ngokwemvelo
Lezi zilwane ezinhle endle zinezitha eziningi. Izitha eziphambili ze-tapirs zifaka:
Ezilwanyaneni ezinkulu zekati lomndeni wekati zifihla emanzini, ngoba lezi zilwane azithandi amanzi. Kepha emanzini we-tapirs enye ingozi ilele ukulinda - lezi zingwenya kanye nama-anacondas. Ama-Crocodiles ashesha futhi azingela emanzini futhi kunzima ukusindisa i-tapir kulaba bantu abazingelayo.
Kepha isitha esikhulu samapayipi sasiyindoda. Kungabantu abagawula amahlathi lapho kuhlala khona ama-tapirs. Lezi zilwane ezimpofu azinandawo yokuhlala, ngoba ezindaweni ezivulekile ziba izisulu zezinyamazane, ngaphezu kwalokho, zigawula amahlathi, umuntu uncisha lezi zilwane ukudla okubaluleke kakhulu. Futhi ezindaweni eziningi ama-tapirs abhujiswa ngabantu ukuze balondoloze isivuno.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi lezi zilwane zilimaza izilimo nokutshala kwezihlahla zamasonto nezithelo zePancake, ngakho-ke abantu baxosha imishini lapho bebona ukuthi lezi zilwane zihlala eduze kwezilimo. Yize njengamanje kungavunyelwe ukuzingela ama-tapings, lezi zilwane ziyaqhubeka nokubhujiswa ngoba inyama ye-tapir ibhekwa njengokudla okwehla esiphundu, futhi izinso nezikhuhla zenziwa ngesikhumba sezilwane esiminyene. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lama-tapir liye lehla kakhulu ngenxa yabantu, futhi le nhlobo iseduze kokuqothulwa.
Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-tapir emnyama
Ngenxa yokuthi eminyakeni yamuva cishe ama-50% amahlathi agawulwa ezindaweni zokuhlala ze-tapir, futhi amahlathi asindile angaphezulu kokutholakala kwamapayipi, isibalo sezilwane sehle kakhulu. Ezindaweni lapho kwakuhlala khona lezi zilwane, kwakuyi-10% nje kuphela yamahlathi alungele amathokhethi asele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zivame ukuxoshwa ngabantu ukuthi baphuze futhi bacekele phansi izilimo. Izilwane zivame ukubulawa noma ukulinyazwa budedengu lapho zifuna ukubaxosha emasimini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Uma i-tapir igibela emapulazini nakwezinye izindawo ezivikelwe yizinja, lapho ihlaselwa yinja, ama-tapirs awabaleki, kepha khombisa ulaka. Uma i-tapir iqhubekele izinja ekhoneni, ingaqala ukuluma futhi ihlasele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-tapir, ibona ingozi, ingahlasela umuntu.
Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo zeTapirus zibonisa ukuthi i-tapir emnyama ibhalwe ku-Red Book futhi inesimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuphela. Ukuzingela izilwane zalolu hlobo kwenqatshelwe ngumthetho, noma kunjalo, ama-tapings ngobuningi bawo abhujiswa abazingeli. Ama-tapings asengozini enkulu ikakhulukazi lapho efuduka, lapho aphoqelelwa ukuya ezindaweni ezivulekile.
Uma abantu bengayeki ukugawula amahlathi nokuzingela ama-tapings, lezi zilwane maduze nje ngeke zisasala. Iningi lamapayipi manje ahlala ezindaweni ezivikelwe, kepha lezi zilwane zizalela kancane. Kunzima kakhulu ukulandelela inani eliqondile le-tapirs endle ngenxa yokuthi izilwane ziphila impilo emnyama futhi egcina imfihlo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-tapirs angakwazi ukusuka ezindaweni zawo ezijwayelekile efuna ukudla, futhi kunzima ukuthola indawo yawo entsha.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-tapir emnyama
Photo: Red Book Tapir
Usongo oluthile kubantu bezinhlobo ukuhlakazwa kwamahlathi amahlathi ashisayo lapho kuhlala khona ama-tapirs. Ukusekela abantu be-tapir eNicaragua, eThailand nakwamanye amazwe amaningi, ukuzingela kwe-tapir akuvunyelwe ezingeni lomthetho. Ukuze ulwe nabazingeli, kuyabandakanyeka amabutho angeziwe. Kwakhiwa izindawo lapho kuhlala khona lezi zilwane futhi zizale ngempumelelo. Lesi yiNicaragua National Park lapho kwenziwa khona ufuzo lwe-tapir. Futhi eNicaragua kunendawo ebekelwe ugu lwaseCaribbean, ehlanganisa indawo engaba ngamahektare angama-700.
Amapayipi ahlala endaweni ephakathi nendawo yeSurim, imboza amakhilomitha angama-16,000 amahlathi eduze naseCaribbean, iBrownberg National Park. Futhi kwezinye izindawo eziningi zokubhuka. Lapho, izilwane zizizwa zikhululekile futhi zilethe inzalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-tapirs ahlala ezindlini emhlabeni wonke, ngisho nasezweni lethu ama-tapirs ambalwa ahlala eMoses Zoo.
Ekudingisweni, bazizwa bekhululekile, bajwayela abantu ngokushesha futhi bazivumela ukuthi banakekelwe. Kepha, ngaphezu kwalezi zinyathelo, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ezindaweni ezihlala lezi zilwane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-tapery tapings avele nje afe. Masinakekele imvelo sindawonye, sinakekele izilwane nendawo yazo. Kuyadingeka ukwakha izinqolobane ezengeziwe, amapaki ezindaweni ezihlala kulezi zilwane futhi adale izimo zempilo yezilwane.
I-tapir emnyama isilwane esizolile kakhulu futhi esiyimfihlo. Endle, lezi zidalwa ezi mpofu kumele zihlale zifihla kubazingeli nabazingeli. Kunzima kakhulu ukulandelela imikhuba eyisisekelo yezilwane ngoba izilwane cishe zingenakukwazi ukulandelela endle. Isayensi yanamuhla ayazi lutho ngalezi zilwane zasendulo, futhi singakwazi ukutadisha imikhuba yalezi zingcweti ngabantu abahlala ekudingisweni. Kuyabonakala ukuthi ngisho nezikhunta zasendle, sezizizwe ziphephile, ziyeka ukuba nolaka futhi zithonywe ngabantu.