I-Clown fish | |||||||
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![]() Amphiprion ocellaris. | |||||||
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi | |||||||
Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | Inhlanzi yeBony |
Subfamily: | I-Clown fish (I-Amphiprioninae U-Allen, 1975) |
Ubulili: | I-Clown fish |
I-Amphiprion Bloch et Schneider, 1801
- I-Premnas Cuvier, ngo-1817
I-Clown fish, noma ama-amphiprions (I-Latin Amphiprion), luhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezihlotshiswe ngemisebe yasolwandle ezivela emndenini we-pomsteer. Ngokuvamile, i-aquarium fish orange amphiprion (I-Amphiprion percula).
Izinhlanzi ezingama-Clown zibonakaliswa yi-Symbiosis ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-anemone olwandle. Ekuqaleni, inhlanzi ithinta kancane i-anemone yolwandle, iyivumele ukuba izigwinye bese ithola ukwakheka ngqo kwesibungu lapho i-anemone yolwandle imbozwe khona - lo mbungu uyadingeka yi-anemone yolwandle ukuze ingazigwinyi. Ngemuva kwalokho inhlanzi eyi-clown iveza lokhu kuhlanganiswa futhi emva kwalokho ingafihla izitha phakathi kwetende le-anemone. Inhlanzi ezishisayo inakekela i-anemone yasolwandle - ingena emanzini futhi ithathe imfucumfucu yokudla engaphanjwanga. Izinhlanzi azikaze ziye kude ne "yabo" yolwandle i-anemone. Abesilisa baxosha abesilisa kude naye, abesifazane - abesifazane. Ukuziphatha kwendawo, ngokusobala, kwabangela imibala ehlukile. I-Protandric hermaphrodites: bonke abantu abasha bangabesilisa, noma kunjalo, phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila, izinhlanzi zishintsha ubulili. Isisusa esidala ukuthi kuguqulwe ubulili ukushona kowesifazane.
Umbala wenhlanzi uhluka kusuka onsomi ocebile onsomi kuya ku-orange ovuthayo, obomvu nphuzi.
Yini inhlanzi
Inhlanzi ye-Clown, noma njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, i-ocellaris-tapered clown ecellaris emithathu (Amphiprion ocellaris), ingeyohlobo lwenhlanzi yasolwandle evela emndenini we-pomacenter - inhlanzi ekhanyayo enemibala egqamile evela kwi-perciform oda. Okwamanje, kuyaziwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingama-26 zalezi zinhlanzi - cishe zonke zazo zingamalungu ehlobo lwe-Amphiprion, futhi inye kuphela emele i-Premnas Lankteantus.
Abamele i-Amphiprion ocellaris bahlala emanzini ase-Indian nase-Pacific Oceans, ekujuleni okungadluli kumamitha ayi-15, hhayi kude nezixhobo zamakhorali neziqhingi. Zisatshalaliswa endaweni enkulu kakhulu - kusuka ezwenikazi lase-Afrika ziya eziqhingini zaseFrance Polynesia, kanye naseziqhingini zaseJapan ziye ogwini lwase-Australia.
Le nhlanzi ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Clown yaqanjwa ngenxa yombala wayo - imivimbo emnyama emnyama eshintshana nemhlophe namawolintshi (kwezinye izinhlobo - obomvu noma ophuzi). U-Iris kuma-amphiprions wombala we-orange ogqamile.
I-Amphiprion ocellaris incane: abantu abakhulu kakhulu bafinyelela ku-11 cm, kuyilapho ubude obujwayelekile babameleli abasele bomhlambi bungamasentimitha ayi-7 (kuyilapho izinsikazi zingamasentimitha amakhulu kunabesilisa). Umzimba we-amphiprion unesimo se-torpedo, ezinhlangothini zenziwe bukhulu, emuva kuphakeme, inhloko imfishane, i-convex, ifana nexoxo.
I-Ocellaris ine-dorsal fin eyodwa, ipendiwe emnyama emaphethelweni futhi ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: i-fin yangaphambili ilukhuni, inezinhlaka ezibukhali, inemisebe eyishumi kanti emuva ingemuva kuthambile futhi inemisebe eyishumi nane kuya neshumi nesikhombisa.
I-Clown fish. Incazelo, izici, izinhlobo, indlela yokuphila nenhlanzi yama-clown
Inhlanzi ye-Clown yathola igama layo ngenxa yokufakwa kombala kwasekuqaleni, okufana nokwakheka kwejester. Ukuthandwa kwakhe kwaqala ukukhula ngemuva kokukhululwa kukhathuni we-Disney "Ukuthola Nemo", lapho khona umuntu obenamabala olwandle edlala lo mhambisi.
Igama lesayensi lezinhlobo yi-amphiprion ocellaris. Ama-Aquarists awakwazisi ukubukeka kwayo okuhle, kepha nezinye izici. Kuyavela izinhlanzi ezishisayo iyakwazi ukuguqula ubulili bakho futhi yenze umsindo njengokuchofoza. Kepha okuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu ukuthi ixhumana kanjani nama-anemone olwandle, abahlali abangaba yingozi ekujuleni kolwandle.
Incazelo Nezici
I-ocellaris enamakhompiyutha amathathu luhlobo lwezinhlanzi zasemanzini okuyi-oda le-perciform, umndeni we-pomacenter. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-28 zezinhlobo zomhlaba ze-amphiprions emhlabeni. Fish Clown esithombeni ekhonjiswe kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo, ukutadisha incazelo yezinhlobo, ukubuka isithombe, kulula kakhulu.
I-Ocellaris inobukhulu obuncane - ubude babantu abakhulu kunabo bonke bufika ku-11 cm, futhi isilinganiso somzimba somuntu okuhlala ekujuleni kolwandle luyehluka phakathi kuka-8-8 cm. Abesilisa bahlala beba mancane kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Isidumbu senhlanzi eyi-clown sakhiwe ngotshani, sigqunywe kancane ezinhlangothini, senziwe ngentambo eyindilinga. Umhlane uphakeme impela. Ikhanda lifinyeziwe, li-convex, ngamehlo amakhulu e-orange.
Ngasemuva kunemali eyodwa eyingqayizivele enomugqa omnyama. Ingxenye yayo yangaphambili iqinile kakhulu, ifakwe ngama-spikes abukhali futhi iqukethe imisebe eyi-10. Ngasemuva, ingxenye ethambile ye-dorsal fin, kukhona imisebe engu-14-17.
Abamele i-genus Amphiprion badume ngemibala yabo engalibaleki. Umbala omkhulu womzimba ojwayelekile kubo uphuzi-owolintshi. Emzimbeni, ukuqhathanisa imivimbo emhlophe ekhanyayo ne-stroke emnyama engenye.
Umngcele omncane ofanayo uhlobisa iziphetho zamaphini we-ventral, caudal and pectoral. Lezi zokugcina zithuthukiswe kahle futhi zinesimo esiyindilinga. Le ngxenye yomzimba kuma-clown ihlala inombala okhanyayo emthunzini oyinhloko.
Izici eziyinhloko zohlobo Ocellaris:
- basebenzisana kakhulu nama-polyps angama-invertebrate ama-coral, ama-anemone olwandle, amatheku akhe ahlanganiswe namaseli okugwinya afaka ubuthi obulimazayo,
- wonke ama-fry asanda kuzalwa angabesilisa, kepha ngesikhathi esifanele angaba ngabesifazane,
- e-aquarium, ama-clown ahlala iminyaka engama-20,
- i-amphiprion ingenza imisindo ehlukene, njengokuchofoza,
- abamele lolu hlobo lobuchwepheshe abadingi ukunakwa okuningi, kulula ukubanakekela.
Izinhlobo zemvelo eziningi zama-ocellaris Clown zinombala womzimba we-orange. Kodwa, phesheya kwe-Australia kunezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinomzimba omnyama. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda esiyinhloko, imivimbo emi-3 emhlophe ihlelwe ngokuqondile. Kunjalo inhlanzi enhle yama-clown obizwa nge-melanist.
Izinhlobo ezivamile zezinhlanzi ze-Clown:
- I-Perkula. Itholakala emanzini oLwandle i-Indian nasenyakatho yePacific. Kwazalelwa ezweni lase-Florida eFlorida. Umbala oyinhloko wabamele bale nhlobo u-orange ogqamile. Imigqa emithathu emhlophe qhwa itholakala ngemuva kwekhanda, ezinhlangothini nangaphansi komsila. Ngayinye yazo ichazwe ngokuhlelwa okuncane okumnyama.
- Anemone Ocellaris - faka izinhlanzi izingane, izingane zimthanda kakhulu, ngoba yile ndlela ehlukahlukene eyavela kukhathuni odumile. Inokubukeka kokunethezeka - imigqa emhlophe emzimbeni we-orange ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi idale izigaba ezikhanyayo ezilinganayo ngobukhulu. Kumathiphu awo wonke amaphini ngaphandle kwe-dorsal, kukhona unhlangothi omnyama. Isici esiyingqayizivele se-anemone clown ukuthi zakha i-typiosis ngezinhlobo ezihlukile zama-anemone olwandle, hhayi nganoma yini.
- Chocolate. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo kanye nowedlule umthunzi ophuzi we-caudal fin kanye nethoni emdaka yomzimba. Ama-amphiprions we-chocolate ayamabutho.
- Utamatisi (obomvu) u-clown. Okuhlukahlukene kufinyelela ku-14 cm ubude. Umbala oyinhloko womzimba ubomvu ngokushintsha okubushelelezi ku-burgundy futhi ngisho namnyama, amalangabi omlilo. Ubungqabavu balezi zinhlanzi ukuba khona komucu munye kuphela, omhlophe osendaweni engaphansi kwekhanda.
Kuthengiswa ikakhulukazi i-Ocellaris etholakala ekudingisweni kuyatholakala, ihluke komunye nomunye ngezinhlobo zemibala. Kuwusizo kuwo wonke umuntu wasemanzini ukwazi ukuthi yini izici zomunye wabo:
- Isithwathwa. Le yinhlanzi enomzimba owolintshi, lapho kukhona khona imigqa emfushane emhlophe ebanzi kakhulu. Akufanele bahlangane. Lapho kukhula khona indawo yomzimba kuhlala ithoni emhlophe qhwa, kukhulu ukwazisa umuntu ngamunye.
- Iqhwa leqhwa le-premium. Kulezibonelo ezinjalo, amabhendi amabili okuqala axhumene, akha ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene kwezindawo ezinkulu ezimhlophe ekhanda nasemuva. Umngcele omnyama omnyama uzimele uphethini namathiphu wamafutha.
- Iqhwa elimnyama. Kulesi zinhlobo, amaphiko angawolintshi kuphela esisekelweni, futhi ingxenye yawo eyinhloko imnyama. Umbala womzimba we-tangerine peel kunezingxenye ezi-3 zombala omhlophe, ezichazwe ngumngcele omnyama omncane. Amabala asekhanda nasemhlane axhumene emzimbeni ophezulu.
- Phakathi kwamabili u-Ocellaris ungumnikazi womzimba onsundu. Kuphela ikhanda lakhe lidwetshwe ngombala ovuthayo ovuthayo.
- Unqunu. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi ezi-clown zihlukaniswa ngombala we-orange okhanyayo.
- Ama-Dominoes anhlobonhlobo enhle kakhulu ye-amphiprions. Ngaphandle, inhlanzi ibukeka njengengubo yaphakathi nobusuku, kepha yehlukile kuyo ngokubakhona kwephoyinti elikhulu elimhlophe esifundeni se-gill.
- Imigqa emnyama ngokwedlulele. Lo mnikazi wokubukeka okumangazayo angaqhosha umzimba omnyama ngendandatho emhlophe azungeze ikhanda. Imivimbo emuva futhi eduze nomsila imfushane kakhulu.
- Imigqa emanga. Lolu hlobo luphawulwa ubukhona bemivimbo emhlophe ephuthukile. Umbala omkhulu womzimba wamakhorali.
Ama-anemones olwandle empilweni ye-ocellaris
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Izinhlanzi ze-Ocellaris zithanda ukuhlala phakathi kwama-anemone olwandle - amakhokho asolwandle avela esigabeni sama-coral polyps, abulala labo abahlala emanzini olwandle abanokunganaki okubhukuda eduze kakhulu futhi babathinte (ubuthi balezi zidalwa ezincane buqine kangangokuba kungadala ukushiswa kobuhlungu kubantu) .
Ukuze ukwazi ukuhlala eduze kwalawa ma-invertebrates ayingozi (phakathi kwawo, lezi zinhlanzi zizizwa zivikelekile kubazingeli abakhulu), izinhlanzi ezi-Clown zakha ukungazigodli ngendlela ethokozisayo:
- Njengoba esezitholele isitsha sokudla esifanele, leli phoyisa elinamakhompiyutha amathathu alithinta kahle ukuze limbambe.
- Lapho sesithole ingxenye yobuthi, i-amphiprion organism ikhiqiza umosa, okwenza izinhlanzi zinganaki ubuthi balomhlaseli.
Iqiniso elithandekayo kuleli cala likhona nokuthi inhlanzi ngayinye ine-anemone yayo yolwandle - eduze kwayo izinhlanzi ezi-clown zivumelana kuphela nabobulili obuhlukile: abesilisa baxosha abesilisa kusukela ekuzikhuliseni kwabo, kanye nabesifazane - izinsikazi (yize zincane, lezi zinhlanzi zifana nempi).
Uma kunama-anemone olwandle amaningi futhi anele kuwo wonke umuntu, i-idyll ibusa ephaketheni. Uma kukhona abambalwa babo, kuba khona impi yangempela. Ngokusobala, kwakunguye owaba yisizathu sokubonakala kombala ogqamile kulezi zinhlanzi: akudingeki ngempela ukuthi bazifihle ezitheni, ngoba bambalwa abantu abangena kubo beya koloni olubulalayo lwabazingeli abahlukumezayo (futhi uma benza into efana naleyo, kuhle kuye ngeke kuphele), kepha kufanele uxwayise okwakho: indawo ithathiwe.
Ukubambisana okunenzuzo
Bobabili abamele umhlaba wezilwane, zombili izinhlanzi ezi-clown kanye nama-anemones olwandle, bayazuza kule ndawo. Uma kuyiqiniso elingenamkhawulo ukuthi ama-anemones olwandle avikela abangane bawo abancane kwizilwane ezihlukumezayo ezahlukahlukene, khona-ke ukudingida izinhlwathi kuyadingeka ngoba, yize zinjalo isimo sazo sokudla, empeleni azinakusiza.
Lezi zakhamizi zolwandle olujulile ziphucwe ngokuphelele ithambo lamaminerali futhi, lapho seligxunyekwe emhlabathini oqinile wolwandle, ngeke ziphinde zilushiye, futhi ngenxa yalokho abanakukwazi ukuzinakekela - zenziwa izinhlanzi ezincane: bahlanza abantu abangcolile nemfucumfucu, bafaka amanzi phakathi Ukudla okuphekiwe, izinsalela zokudla ezingafakwanga.
Ama-anemones olwandle adla kuphela kulezo zidalwa eziyobe zilethwe ngengozi yikhona okukhona manje, noma ezizodlula, noma abazofakwa ubuphukuphuku ngombala wazo ogqamile (ngokwesibonelo, izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla ubhedu lapho ziphishekela inhlanzi encane ekhanyayo enhle zivame ukuwela ogibeni). Ukudonsa inyamazane ekubambeni, izinhlanzi ezi-clown ziyazondla.
Okokuqala, ama-anemone olwandle abulala futhi akhubazeke inyamazane ngosizo lwamaseli abo ahlabayo. Iqiniso lokuthi abakwazanga ukugaya ama-anemones olwandle, lidla ama-ocellaris amathathu. Njengoba lezi zinhlanzi zingathandi ukusuka endaweni yazo yokuhlala, ukudla kwazo kufaka nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-plankton, ezizolethwa yi-algae manje nezincane.
Izinhlanzi ezingama-Clown ziyakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwama-sea anemones, uma kungekho mhlambi owanele wabo bonke abameleli bomhlambi, bahlala phakathi kwamadwala angaphansi kwamanzi noma ezindaweni ezihlala ezigodini zamakhorali.
Ukuzala
Lezi zinhlanzi zakha amaqembu amancane emindeni lapho owesifazane oyedwa ehlala nabesilisa abambalwa, futhi inhlanzi enkulu kunazo zonke ezindala emndenini. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kungavela kuze kube sekufeni (ngokwemvelo, ama-amphiprions aphile iminyaka engaba yishumi, e-aquarium - ephindwe kabili kunalokho). Owesifazane uncamela ukukwenza lokhu enyangeni egcwele, hhayi kude kakhulu nokukhasa kwakhe, futhi uma kungenjalo, lapho ku-grotto noma ngaphansi kwedwala.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo, abaziphonsanisi amaqanda abo ngesihe sokuphela kwesikhathi: abesilisa bavikela i-clutch kuso sonke isikhathi sokuvuthwa (kuthatha izinsuku eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi).
Ngemuva kweviki, gazinga kuphuma emaqanda, akhuphukela etindzaweni tekuhlanganiswa nge-plankton, lapho akondza khona bese akhula (emawundlu lamanyenti afa ngalesisikhathi), bese nawavutsiwe ayahamba ayofuna i-anemones yaselwandle bese ajoyina umhlambi.
Iqiniso: i-amphiprion yinhlanzi enhle kakhulu, ethokozisayo futhi engabambeki kangangokuba ithandwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke ama-solarists amaningi afuna ukuyibona e-aquarium yawo (yathandwa kakhulu ngemuva kokubonisa ikhathuni laseMelika elidumile elithi "Ukuthola uNemo").
Isidingo sezinhlanzi ze-Ocellaris sikhulu kangangokuba ama-amphiprions akhule ekudingisweni yingxenye kuphela eyanelisa. Ukushoda kwabo kunxephezelwa yinhlanzi ebanjwe olwandle, ngenxa yokuthi abantu babo muva nje bebeke engcupheni, futhi izazi zezemvelo zifuna abaphathi ukuthi balawule le nqubo.
Izidingo ze-ocellaris akunakwenzeka ukuthi zihlehle esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ngoba lezi zinhlanzi ziyahehwa ngesinye isici sazo - aziziphathi ngokuthula e-aquarium: zihlala zikhononda, zichofoza, zenza imisindo yokushaya izandla. Zilungele abathandi be-novice abafuna ukuba nezinhlanzi zasolwandle ekhaya (futhi okuqukethwe kwabo kunzima kakhulu kunezihlobo zabo ezinamanzi ahlanzekile) - into esemqoka ukwazi ama-nuances aphambili futhi ungakhohlwa ukubonana nochwepheshe.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi unake iqiniso lokuthi i-amphiprion akuyona inhlanzi enamanzi amasha futhi idinga amanzi afanele. Ekhweni elilodwa lezinhlanzi zase-aquarium, kusuka kumalitha angama-50 kuya kwayi-100 wamanzi kasawoti asezingeni eliphezulu kwanele (ngaphandle kwalokho inhlanzi ingagula futhi ife).
Amapharamitha emvelo yasemanzini kufanele abe ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Ukushisa kwamanzi - kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-27 ° С,
- I-Acidity - mayelana ne-8 pH,
- Ubuningi - ukusuka ku-1.02 kuya ku-1.025.
Sekuyisikhathi eside kusungulwa ukuthi ukuhlanzeka kwe-aquarium kumele kubhekwe ngokucophelela kakhulu. Okokuqala, amanzi adinga ukushintshwa kane ngenyanga - uma efakwa ngamaphesenti ayishumi futhi kabili ngenyanga - uma kungamashumi amabili.
Ngezansi kwe-aquarium, kuyadingeka ukubeka amakhorali, ama-grottoes kanye namatshe amatshe ahlukahlukene, futhi i-anemones kufanele ixazululwe ngaphambi kokuba ivele. I-aquarium kumele ifakwe ngezihlungi zamanzi, izihlukanisi zegwebu, kanye namaphampu anomsebenzi wokucebisa umoya-mpilo.
I-Clown fish idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo (ikakhulukazi uma i-anemone nayo ihlala e-aquarium). Lezi zinhlanzi azikhathaleli ekudleni - zondliwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku nge-shrimp, inhlanzi, i-squid, amanzi asolwandle angaphansi, okusanhlamvu okomile ngisho nenyama.
Ukubukeka okumangazayo
IClownfish, noma i-Amphiprion, kungokwaluphi uhlobo lwenhlanzi yasolwandle yomndeni we-pomsteer. Njengamanje, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-30 ziyaziwa, ngayinye yazo ihlukile ngombala nendawo yokuhlala.
I-Amphiprion ingesinye sabameli abangakhohlwa olwandle olujulile. Imivimbo emhlophe emikhulu ehlanganiswe nama-shades agqamile agqamile kanye nokuphephuka okumnyama kwamaphini kubukeka kumangalisa ngempela. Umbala wezinhlanzi uyahlukahluka kusuka kumawolintshi akhanyayo abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aluvamile kakhulu kubantu abomvu nobuphuzi.
Yize izinhlanzi ze-Clown zibukeka ziqhakazile, ngosayizi akuyona irekhodi nhlobo. Emvelweni wemvelo, i-amphiprion ayikhuli ngaphezu kwama-20 cm, ku-aquarium ukukhula kwayo kuncane kakhulu: 10 cm isivele iyimpumelelo. Ikhanda lezinhlanzi lincane, umzimba uthotshisiwe, kanti inhlawulo ephezulu iyahlukaniswa, yingakho kubukeka sengathi kukhona ezimbili zazo.
Habitat
Inhlanzi eyi-clown ihlala, lapho ifudumele khona - emanzini e-Indian and Pacific Oceans ekujuleni okujulile. I-Australia ithathwa njengezwe layo, ogwini lapho yaqashelwa futhi yaqala yachazwa kwidayari yakhe yi-Georges Cuvier yezemvelo. Emva kwalokho, inhlanzi enhle yabanjwa kaningi ngenxa yokujwayela i-aquarium, futhi imizamo yathuthuka - ekunakekelweni kwabo, kwakudingeka amanzi, eduze nalokho okwakusendaweni yemvelo.
Okuxakile ngokwanele, kepha e-aquarium, izinhlanzi ezi-clown ziphila izikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1.5−2 kunasolwandle. Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila kwakhe ezimweni zemvelo cishe siyiminyaka eyi-10. Lokhu kungenxa yabazingeli abaningi abasizungezile, ngamanye amagama, ukukhethwa kwemvelo.
Indlela yokuphila nomlingiswa
Izixhobo zamakhorali - kulapho kuhlala khona izinhlanzi ezingama-clown. Lolu hlobo luphawulwa ngokuphila emhlambini omncane emahlathini ama-anemone olwandle. Amphiprions abe ne-Symbiosis enhle kakhulu neyamuva. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi izinhlanzi ezinkulu zidlule i-anemones, kanye nama-fidgets amancane zimane "zigeze" ngamatshe wazo anoshevu?
Eqinisweni, imfihlo ilula impela: izinhlanzi zamakhorali zibhukuda kuyi-anemone yolwandle futhi ziyinikeze “ukubambabaza” okuncane ukuthola ukwakheka komswakama wolwandle. Lapho-ke imizimba yabo ikhiqiza umunyu ofanayo ohlanganisa yonke imizimba yabo futhi uvikele esenzweni sokugwazwa kwamangqamuzana. Ngakho-ke, ama-amphiprions angahamba kalula futhi aphile ngaphakathi kwe-anemone yolwandle.
Umfelandawonye onjalo unenzuzo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi: inhlanzi e-clown idla izinsalela zezinto ezifile ngaphakathi kwe-anemone, uyihlanze ngaphakathi, bese kuthi yona, kamuva inikeze inhlanzi isivikelo kanye nokuvikelwa izinyamazane. "I-Nemo" ayikaze ibhukude kude nasekhaya futhi, ngaphandle kosayizi wayo omncane, iyivikela kakhulu - zijikijele ezitheni futhi uzithinte uma zisondela olwandle anemone.
Ngaphakathi kwe-anemone ngayinye kunombhangqwana owodwa - owesilisa nowesifazane. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi onke amathayi avela ekuzalweni kowesilisa, kepha angakuguqula kalula ukuze inhlanzi ngayinye ibe nesibili noma uma kufa owesimame.
Kukhona isikhundla esithile emhlabeni wezinhlanzi. Ama- “Nemo” amancane ahlala emindenini emincane, ngayinye iqukethe izinsikazi ezivelele, owesilisa (ngasendleleni, mikhulu kunezinye ngobukhulu) nabanye abesilisa. Izinsikazi zabesifazane ziyavela kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye zingazalela amaqanda ayinkulungwane! Ngenkathi yokuvuthwa kwezingane, "ubaba" akamshiyi isinyathelo esisodwa: ugcwalisa amaqanda nge-oksijini futhi uwavikele ngesibindi ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
"I-Nemo" ayikaze ibhukude kude nasekhaya futhi, ngaphandle kosayizi wayo omncane, iyivikela kakhulu
Ukufuya izinhlanzi kungenye indlela enhle yezilwane ezifuywayo, ikakhulukazi uma lokhu kungukuhlangenwe nakho okokuqala kwengane futhi kufanele kufundiswe umthwalo wemfanelo. Futhi ukucabanga ukuthi bangaki abantu manje abathambekele ekuguleni komzimba, kepha abathanda abaphilayo, ke inhlanzi nje inketho ephelele.
Kungenzeka ukuqonda abantu abakhethwe yizinhlanzi ezi-clown. Le ncazelo ayisho ukuthi bangaba namahlaya futhi bathinte kanjani. Isibonelo, lezi zinhlanzi ziyakwazi ukukhuluma. Yebo Yebo impela! Benza imisindo ehlukahlukene, njengokushaya izandla, ukuqhafaza ngisho nokukhononda, okuheha izimbangi zasemanzini.
Okubi kuphela ukuthi bangaba nolaka kwezinye izimo:
- ngokushoda kokuphakelayo,
- uma uNemo engenayo indawo yokukhosela, indlu,
- lapho umuntu ese-aquarium,
- uma kukhona abesifazane abaningi (bazolwa kuze kube yilapho omunye wabo eba owokuqala),
- bavikela indawo yabo yokuhlala kahle futhi bahlasele noma iyiphi inhlanzi esondela kuyo, ngakho-ke, akufanelekile ukutshala ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasemanzini kubo, ngisho ezingenangozi.
Kodwa, empeleni, ukubanakekela akunzima kangako. Izimo eziphambili yilezi:
- ushintsho lwamanzi lwamasonto onke
- Ukuhlunga okuhle
- Amanzi kufanele ahambisane nezidingo ezamukelwa ngokuvamile ze-aquarium enamanzi anosawoti: izinga lokushisa lakhona kufanele libe ngu-22-27 degrees Celsius, ph - 8-8.4,
- I-10 l umuntu ngamunye yanele.
Kungcono ukuthenga imihlobiso lapho icashe le-clownfish izofihla khona (ukuthenga i-anemone kuzoba yisipho sangempela seNemo).
Kuyafaneleka ukondla kanye ngosuku, ngaphandle kwalokho amanzi asheshe angcoliswe. Noma yikuphi ukudla kulungele izinhlanzi ezi-carnivorous and omnivorous, uma kuhlukahluka, "isilwane" siyojabula nje.
Ngakho-ke, uma ulandela imithetho elula yesondlo nokunakekela, isikhathi eside ungaba ngumnikazi ojabulayo we-Nemo yakho yangasese.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
IClownfish ithole leli gama ngenxa yokuthi umbala wayo ufana ne-clown nangenxa yokuthi uziphatha ngendlela ehlekisayo ezigodini.
Igama laso lesayensi yi-Amphiprion percula, inhlanzi eyizinhlobo ezingama-30 ezibizwa nge-Amphiprion, ihlala phakathi kwezihlahla eziyingozi zama-Anemones olwandle.
Izindawo ezihlala kuyo izinhlanzi zaseNemo zikumanzi afudumele, angajulile ama-Indian Oceans ase-Pacific kusuka ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Afrika kuya eHawaii.
Ama-Anemones asolwandle ayizitshalo ezinobuthi ezibulala noma yimuphi umuntu ongumuntu ongaphansi kwamanzi oye wazulazula ematendeni abo, kepha ama-Amphiprions awanqotshwa ubuthi bawo. Ama-Clown afakwa umusi okhiqizwa ama-Anemones futhi abe munye "nendlu" yawo.
Amagquma asePapua New Guinea acebile ngezixhobo zamakhorali kanye nama-Anemones, agcwele impilo. Kula mawolwandle kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu zamakhwapha, imvamisa ngisho nezinhlobo eziningana emhlolweni ofanayo.
Izithombe zescown ezinama-anemones
E-aquarium, inhlanzi ye-Clown ayisebenzi. Ngokunikwa lesi sici, akunconyiwe ukuwagcina ndawonye nezinhlanzi ezinolaka nezidlayo.
Ukuhlala ekudingisweni futhi uhlale uphilile, awadingi ama-Anemones, kepha ukuba khona kwawo kwenza sikwazi ukubona indlela yokuziphatha kwezinhlanzi ezithandayo.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Izinhlanzi ezi-clown zihlala phakathi kwama-Anemones, lokhu kuhlangana kusiza ekubambiseni izinhlanzi kanye namakhorali anobuthi.
Ama-anemones avikela izinhlanzi zasendlini yawo ezidlweni; futhi akekho onesibindi sokuxosha uNemo endlini yakhe enobuthi. I-clown, ibuye isize ama-Anemones, lapho inhlanzi ifa, ngemuva kwesikhashana abadliwayo bedla indlu yakhe, uma ususa inhlanzi, i-Anemone isengozini yokubulawa.
I-Clown fish e-aquarium
Lezi zinhlanzi ezincane, kodwa ezinolaka zixosha labo abangenandaba nokudla ama-Anemones, umuntu ngeke aphile ngaphandle komunye.
Ama-cohabitants ahlala njalo ezinhlanzi ezi-clown zi-hermit crabs kanye ne-shrimp, zithanda nokuvikelwa kwe-algae enobuthi. Ama-Shrimps ahlanza njalo futhi anakekele indlu yezinhlanzi ze-Clown futhi ahlangane ngokuthula nazo.
Manje ake sixoxe kancane ngempilo yeqhawe lesihloko se-aquarium. Amphiprions agcinwa e-aquariums kabili, uma kunabantu abaningi, ukuhlaselwa ngolaka kuzobhekwana komunye nomunye kuze kube kuphela umholi oyedwa osele.
Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, inhlanzi iba yilungu lomndeni, ngoba ingaphila iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu. Uma usebenzisa imvelo efanayo nenhlanzi ukuhlobisa i-aquarium, khona-ke umthamo omkhulu wamanzi awudingeki, amalitha ayishumi kuphela umuntu ngamunye.
Izinhlanzi ze-Nemo zithanda ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa emanzini olwandle noma amakhorali, kungaba ukuntanta ngaphambili noma emuva. Inkinga okuyiyo kuphela yokugcina izinhlanzi emthamo omncane wamanzi ukuthi kunokungcoliseka okusheshayo ngama-toxin ne-nitrate.
Ukunakekelwa Kwezinhlanzi Clown ngamathangi avaliwe, kufanele ahlanganiswe nokuhlunga okuhle nokushintshwa kwamanzi.
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele lisuke ku-22 ° C liye ku-27 ° C, ph kufanele lisuke ku-8.0 liye ku-8.4. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi amanzi ahlangabezana nemikhawulo yezinga elemukelwa ejwayelekile le-aquarium yasolwandle nokubheka ukukhanyisa okwanele nokunyakaza kwamanzi.
Ukudla okune-clown fish
Ama-Clown ayakujabulela ukwamukela imikhiqizo eminingi ehlukahlukene. Noma imaphi ama-flakes okudla noma i-granules eyenzelwe ama-carnivores noma ama-omnivores afanelekile ukudliwa.
Ukudla okuhlukahlukene okuqukethe okuqandisiwe, ukudla bukhoma nokuomile kuzokwenza isilwane sakho sijabule iminyaka eminingi.
Kuyasiza ukuthi unganikeli ukudla ngaphezu kwenhlanzi ekwazi ukukudla, ukuze kugcinwe amanzi amsulwa, okukodwa noma okubili kuzokwanela. Ukuba khona kweminenke, ama-shrimps noma imifantu e-aquarium kuqeda inkinga yokungcoliswa kwamanzi kusuka kumfucumfucu wokudla.
Lapho zizalanisa izinhlanzi, iNemo idla kaningi, cishe kathathu ngosuku, ngokudla okusha okusha. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izitshalo phytoplankton nama cr craceans zisebenza njengokudla.
Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat
Okokuqala i-clownfish Yachazwa ngonyaka we-1830. Uhlobo lwenhlanzi yasolwandle okuxoxwa ngayo selusabalele. Ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala enyakatho nentshonalanga yolwandle iPacific, ezinye zisempumalanga emanzini aseNdiya.
Ngakho-ke, ungahlangana ne-ocellaris ngasogwini lwePolynesia, Japan, Africa ne-Australia. Abamele okuhle kombuso wolwandle bancamela ukuhlala emanzini angajulile, lapho ukujula kungadluli amamitha ayi-15, futhi kungekho migobhoqo eqinile.
Izinhlanzi zaseClown zihlala ezindaweni ezinamanzi angaphansi komhlaba namachibi. Ufihla emathangeni ama-anemone olwandle - lezi yizidalwa zasolwandle, ezisesigabeni sama-coral polyps. Kuyingozi ukusondela kubo - unvertebrates secrete ushevu, othambisa isisulu, emva kwalokho ube yimpango. Amphiprion ocellaris uxhumana nama-invertebrates - ahlanze amatende awo, adle izinsalela zokudla.
Ukunaka! U-Clown akesabi ama-anemones olwandle, ubuthi babaphathi abumthinti. UFish wafunda ukuzivikela emithini yobuthi. I-Ocellaris ikuvumela ukuba uzibambe kancane ngokuthinta amatende. Lapho-ke umzimba wakhe ukhipha ukuvikelwa kwe-mucous secretion, okufanayo nokwakheka kwalokho okuhlanganisa i-anemone yolwandle. Ngemuva kwalokho, akukho okusongela inhlanzi. Ihlala khona kanye esihlahleni samakhorali e-coral.
I-Symbiosis ngokukhothama iyasebenziseka ku-clown. I-anemone enobuthi yolwandle ivikela izakhamuzi ze-motley zolwandle ezilwaneni ezidla lubi futhi zisiza ekutholeni ukudla. Futhi, inhlanzi isiza ukuheha isisulu ogibeni lokufa ngosizo lombala okhanyayo. Ukube bekungengenxa yama-clown, abagadli kuzodingeka balinde isikhathi eside ukuthi okwamanje balethe impango kubo, ngoba abakwazi ngisho nokunyakaza.
Emvelweni wemvelo, ama-ocellaris amathathu-iribhoni ayakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kwama-anemones. Uma lokhu okwedlule kunganele kuyo yonke imindeni yezinhlanzi, khona-ke imilobo ihlala phakathi kwamatshe olwandle, emadwaleni angaphansi kwamanzi kanye nakuma grottoes.
I-Aquarium Clown fish ayidingi impela eduze kwamakhothoko. Uma ezinye izakhamizi zasolwandle ziku-aquarium nayo, khona-ke i-ocellaris izoba ntofontofo ngokwengeziwe ku-Symbiosis ene-anemone yolwandle. Lapho umndeni we-orange ungahlanganyeli indawo yawo namanzi nabanye abahlala olwandle, uzizwa ephephile phakathi kwamakhorali namatshe.
Ama-Connoisseurs wezinhlanzi ezi-clown, ama-aquarists anolwazi, uxwayisa - isilwane esinsundu se-orange sinolaka, sivikela i-anemone lapho ihlala khona. Udinga ukuqaphela lapho ugeza i-aquarium - kunezimo lapho izinhlanzi ziluma igazi labanikazi bazo. Abesabi lapho besaba ukulahlekelwa yindlu yabo ephephile.
Emvelweni wasolwandle, umbhangqwana osukhulile uhlalisa i-anemone eyodwa. Abesifazane ababavumi abanye abamele lolu hlobo endaweni yabo, abesilisa baxosha abesilisa. Umndeni uzama ukuthi ungaphumi endlini, futhi uma usuka lapho usuka lapho, uqonde kude futhi ungabi ngaphezu kwama-30 cm. Umbala ogqamile usiza ukuxwayisa abafowabo ukuthi insimu ihlangene.
Ukunaka! Kubalulekile ukuthi i-clown ihlale ihlangana ne-anemone yasolwandle, uma kungenjalo umhluzi ovikelayo uzogezwa umzimba wakhe kancane. Kulokhu, i-amphiprion igijimisa ubungozi bokuba yisisulu somlingani wayo we-Symbiotic.
I-Aquarium clown fish iyahambisana cishe nazo zonke izinhlobo zohlobo lwayo, ngaphandle kwabazingeli. Izivakashi ezivela ezindaweni ezishisayo azikwazi ukuma isikhala esiseduze nokusondela nabamele bohlobo lwazo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuncintisana kuqala phakathi kwabakhileyo endaweni yamanzi. Umuntu ngamunye omdala kufanele abe namalitha okungenani angama-50. amanzi ukwenza ama-clown abe ntofontofo.