Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
Ibanga: | Inhlanzi yaseRayfin |
Isigcawu: | I-Perch |
Isizinda: | Okwenziwe izindebe |
Umndeni: | Cichlid |
Ubulili: | I-Astronotus |
Buka: | Ocular Astronotus |
(I-Agassiz, 1831)
Acara compressusCope, 1872
Acara hypostictaCope, 1878
Acara ocellatus
I-Astronotus ocellatus zebraIPellegrin, ngo-1904
I-Astronotus orbiculatusUHaseman, 1911
I-cychla rubroocellataUJardine & Schomburgk, 1843
Ama-lobotes ocellatusI-Agassiz, 1831
Ocular Astronotus (I-Astronotus ocellatus) - inhlanzi eyandayo yase-aquarium yomndeni wakwaCichlidae, owaziwa kakhulu ngegama le-generic i-Astronotus. I-Ocellated astronotus ihlala empumalanga yeVenezuela, eGuiana, emgodini we-Amazon, imifula: iRio Negro, iParana, neParaguay.
Ukubukeka
Ubukhulu ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo bufika ku-35 cm, futhi ngaphansi kwezimo zasemanzini buye bufika ku-20-25 cm. Isimo somzimba wale nhlanzi si-oval, sicindezelwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaphini makhulu, athize. Ikhanda namehlo makhulu, izinhlanzi zinobuso obukhulu be-convex. Umbala awulingani - isendlalelo esivamile sisukela kumdaka kuya kumnyama, lapho amabala nezindawo ezinamabala aphuzi zihlakazeka khona, kuvame ukuba nomngcele omnyama endaweni ngayinye. Ngaphansi kwe-caudal fin kukhona indawo enkulu emnyama eboshelwe umugqa wewolintshi ofana neso elikhulu. Mhlawumbe kwakungule ndawo lapho izazi zezinkanyezi zathola igama lazo elithile ocellatus, engahunyushwa kusuka esiLatini ngokuthi "ocular". Owesilisa unemibala ejulile.
Kukhona futhi ifomu le-albino elenziwa ngentsholongwane futhi elithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-aquarists libomvu ngamaphiko amhlophe, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi i- "red oscar". Ama-astronotus amancane abukeka njengabazali bawo, kepha muhle kakhulu - amnyama ngamabala amhlophe namatshe asteris emizimbeni yawo. Ukwehlukahlukana kocansi kwezinhlanzi kukhona okungekho, owesilisa angahlukaniswa ngumzimba obanzi nombala ogqamile, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi iphutha lelo liphezulu kakhulu, kungenzeka ukwehlukanisa ngokweqiniso owesilisa nowesifazane ngesikhathi sokubeletha ngokusho kwe-ovipositor evela kowesifazane.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Zingagcinwa ndawonye nezinhlanzi eduze ngosayizi, kepha kuphela endaweni enkulu ye-aquarium (okungenani i-80 cm). Umhlabathi kumele wenziwe ngesihlabathi noma amatshe ahlanzekile, ngamatshe amakhulu. Ukudla - bukhoma (izibungu, izintethe, ama-tadpoles), inyama, ukudla okomile. Izitshalo zilukhuni kanzima futhi ezintantayo. Ukushisa kwamanzi i-22-26 ° C, dH kuze kufike ku-25 °, pH 6.5-7.5. Ukudalwa okuhle, ukufayiza, nezinguquko ezijwayelekile zamanzi ziyadingeka. Isikhathi sokuphila kwezinhlanzi singaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10.
I-Astronotus ocellatus, obizwa nangokuthi i-Oscar, “iso lesikhonkwane” noma “inyathi yamanzi,” e-aquarium iziphatha njengesilwane esifuywayo. Unomusa, akesabi ukuklwebulwa, kepha futhi angaluma, ashiye imihuzuko enegazi enamazinyo amancane abukhali. Le yinhlanzi ethandwa kakhulu eThailand, lapho izaliselwa khona ekhaya, emsebenzini ngisho emathempelini. Cishe yonke ipulazi yezinhlanzi ezinkulu emhlabeni izalela ama-astronotus. Kukho konke kungenzeka ukuthi, izinhlanzi zikweleta zonke izinhlobo ezibomvu ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Red Oscar.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Ocular Astronotus
I-ocular astronotus echazwe kwakunguJean-Louis Agassis ngonyaka we-1831, yathola igama ngesiLatini i-Astronotus ocellatus. Olunye lwezinhlobo zohlobo lwezinkanyezi zomndeni we-cichlid (nazo zingama-cichlid). Ukutholwa kokuqala kwezinsalela zezinhlanzi kusuka kulomndeni kubuya esikhathini se-Eocene futhi zineminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingama-45. Kepha bahlala emazwenikazi ahlukene: kuwona womabili amazwe aseMelika, e-Afrika, e-Asia, futhi lokhu kwabuzisa ososayensi umbuzo obalulekile: laba bantu abahlala ezinhlanzini zamanzi ahlanzekile banqoba kanjani ibanga phakathi kwabo? Isikhathi eside inkomba ayikwazanga ukutholakala.
Ihlala kuphi i-ocular astronotus?
Photo: Fish ophthalmic astronotus
Ngokwemvelo, abamele le zinhlobo zingatholakala eSouth America, uhla lwazo lubanzi impela futhi luhlanganisa:
Ngakho-ke, isigamu sezwekazi, noma ngaphezulu, singena ebangeni lale nhlanzi. Uzizwa kahle ikakhulukazi emabeleni emifula enjenge-Orinoco, i-Amazon, iRio Negro neParana. Inhlanzi izizwa ingagcineki ezindaweni zayo zomdabu, ithunyelwa kalula. Ngakho-ke, kwalethwa e-USA, e-Australia nase China, futhi kuwo wonke la mazwe kuye kwasakazeka ngempumelelo futhi kwagcwala esimweni semvelo, ezinye izinhlobo zasendaweni zezinhlanzi ezincane ziyahlupheka nakho. Kuyabiwa futhi ekudingisweni, ngenxa yalokho i-astronotuses igcinwa ezindaweni zasemanzini emhlabeni wonke.
Emvelweni, kuvame ukutholakala emifuleni, kepha kutholakala namachibi nemifudlana egelezayo. Prefera izindawo ngenhlabathi enesihlabathi noma eyisilika. Uyawathanda amanzi amnyama: ENingizimu Melika ezindaweni abahlala kuzo ihlanzekile kakhulu futhi ithambile, ngombala omnyama ngombala, futhi uma ubukwa ngenhla kubukeka sengathi imnyama.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Umsebenzi we-astronotuses ungathathwa ngokumangala - ungazami ngokuzikhandla futhi wakhe umklamo ongaphakathi we-aquarium lapho le nhlanzi izophila khona, ngoba ngokuqinisekile izophendukisa yonke into ibheke phansi. Imihlobiso, uma uyikhetha, inkulu kangangokuba kunzima ukuyinyusa.
Izitshalo zizoba nesikhathi esinzima: ama-astronotuse azowadla futhi awakhethe, noma awabambe, ukuze angahlali isikhathi eside. Kuyafaneleka ukuthi uthathe imishini eqinile futhi uzame ukuyimboza.
I-Aquarium ivolumu ye-astronotuses
Uma uhlela ukugcina ama-astronotus, kubalulekile ukubheka ukuthi akhetha isikhala. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uhlale ekhaya bekukhululekile, khona-ke amalitha angama-400 kufanele awele kubabili. Ngakho-ke, lapho izinhlanzi eziningi zihlala khona, kuyadingeka ivolumu ethe xaxa.
Ngokuphawuleka kakhulu izinga lokushisa lamanzi, okumele lifudumele. Okwe-astronotuses, kunconyelwa ukuthi kulondolozwe umbuso wokushisa kubanga ukusuka ku- +23 kuya ku- + 28 degrees. Kulokhu, i-acidity yamanzi ikhuphuka ku-7, izinga lobunzima bungahluka kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-20.
Idla ini i-ocular astronotus?
Isithombe: I-Astronotus enamehlo amnyama
Lapho zigcinwa e-aquarium, zinikezwa ukudla okubukhoma, isibonelo:
Yize zidla ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo ezinikezwa izinhlanzi zasemanzini, ukuzondla nge-astronotuses nazo akulula ngenxa yobukhulu bazo nokudla, futhi notshani ngokuvamile azihlanganisi kangako. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokudla okuphilayo, banikezwa futhi omile, imvamisa ngemiganu. Ukuphakelwa kusetshenziswa okhethekile, okuhloselwe ama-cichlid amakhulu. Kodwa akufanele uqhubeke nakho, ngoba, amanzi asheshe angcoliswe futhi amagciwane aqala ukwanda kuwo.
Ngobumnandi badla imichilo yezinhlanzi zasolwandle ephelele noma izinhlanzi ezincane, inyama yeswiss kanye nenyama eyimbaza, nezinye izinhlayiya ezisetshenzisiwe. Okubaluleke kakhulu yinyama yezilwane zasemanzini, unganikeza nenhliziyo yenkomo nesibindi - okubaluleke kakhulu, lokhu hhayi kaningi. Ukuze kube lula, ungasonta okubhalwe ku-grinder yenyama uhlanganise.
Inyama eyosiwe eyongiwe izofanele ifakwe iqhwa nje kuphela, bese inyibilika njengoba kudingeka futhi inikezwe izazi zezinkanyezi. Kepha kungcono ukungabondli ngezinhlanzi zasemfuleni, ngoba ubungozi bukhulu kakhulu ukuthi bazotheleleka enyameni yayo. Ama-Astronotuses uqobo angaxhaswa ngamaqabunga ezitshalo ezikhula emanzini, kepha enza ingxenye encane yokudla kwazo. Ungabanikeza ukudla kwezitshalo: i-zucchini, ukhukhamba, isipinashi, uphizi, ulethisi.
Uma bedla, babamba ukudla ngokushesha, bangakuthatha ngqo ukudla ezandleni zabo, emva kwalokho bakhombisa ukuthi bafuna okungaphezulu. Kepha akufanele ziholwe ngezikhathi ezithile, eyodwa kufanele ikhawulelwe engxenyeni enconyelwe inhlanzi enalesi size.
Bashesha ukujwayela ukweqisa futhi basebenze kancane. Udinga ukondla izinhlanzi ezincane kabili ngosuku, kanye nabantu abadala kanye ngosuku noma ngisho kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili. Ngokudla kwansuku zonke isonto ngalinye, okungenani usuku olulodwa kufanele lweqiwe ukuze uhlelo lokugaya kwenhlanzi lungasebenzi (kubantu abadala) kuphela.
Manje usuyazi ukondla i-ocular astronotus. Ake sibheke ukuthi zizalela kanjani izinhlanzi ezingavamile.
Inhlabathi nokuqina
Ukuze uthole okuqukethwe ama-cichlid, kunconyelwa ukukhetha inhlabathi yengxenyana enkulu ngokwanele, ngoba izinhlanzi zithanda ukugaya ngaphansi kwe-aquarium, zidlulisa izinto zokuhlobisa. Kulokhu, akufanele kube nama-angles abukhali, ama-astronotus angalimala. Izitshalo kufanele zilahlwe, ngoba ama-cichlid azoqala ukubakhipha, athathe amaqabunga, uhlelo lwezimpande luzokonakala. Inhlabathi enkulu ngaphandle kwemiphetho ebukhali kanye nesigaxa kubalungele.
Ungayondla kanjani i-astronotus
Ukondla i-astronotus ngokwehlukahluka. Njengoba ama-cichlids eyisidleke esikhulu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungayondla kanjani i-astronotus. Ukudla kufanele kufake: izinhlanzi ezincane eziphilayo, izibungu, ama-crustaceans, ama-shrimp. Kunconywa ukondla ama-astronotuse ngokudla bukhoma nokutshala - isipinashi, izithelo, uphizi oluhlaza.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Ocular astronotus ekhaya
Lapho ugcina i-astronotuses e-aquarium, ubunzima obukhulu buhlotshaniswa nosayizi wabo omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ube ne-aquarium enkulu: umthamo ophansi ngamalitha ayi-100, lokhu kwanele izinhlanzi ezimbili kuphela. Futhi kuyathandeka ukuba ne-aquarium yevolumu enkulu kakhulu, amalitha angama-300-500, khona-ke kuzokwazi ukwethula ezinye izinhlanzi kuyo.
Ama-astronothus amancane angabonakala enokuthula, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohliswa yilokhu! Zikhula ngokushesha bese ziphenduka izinyamazane zangempela, ngakho-ke akunakuba njalo uma kufanele uzibeke kanye nezinye izinhlanzi e-aquarium encane, ngoba kungekudala kuzoqala impi yangempela kuyo. Uma ugcina ama-astronotus nezinye izinhlanzi,-ke kubalulekile ukuba ubanikeze isikhala - akufanele babe bakhulu, uma kungenjalo bazoqala ukulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omakhelwane kufanele babe bakhulu ngokwanele: izinhlanzi zincane kakhulu kunosayizi we-astronotus ziyoshayela ngokungenamusa futhi kungaholela ekucindezelekeni.
Amancane kakhulu adliwe ngokuphelele. Amanye ama-cichlids, ama-arovans, ama-chain catfish nezinhlanzi ezifanayo, ezinkulu futhi zinokuthula okuhle, kufanelekile njengomakhelwane. Zidinga ukwenziwa kabusha lapho zisencane kakhulu, uma zindawonye sezikhulile, zizoba nethuba elincane lokuphola. Baziphatha ngendlela ehlukile nabantu: abanye bayazivumela nokuthi bathintwe, kanti abanye bayaluma, kanti kubuhlungu impela - bashiya ukuklwebheka. Ama-Astronotuses awanamahloni futhi ngokuvamile awazifihli kubantu. Abanikazi bangabona futhi baphendule kuzwi labo, bazivumele ukuba bahlushwe.
Inhlabathi e-aquarium, i-astronotus idinga amatshe amatshe amatshe noma esihlabathini esinamafutha, kubalulekile ukuthi kube namatshe amakhulu kuyo. Ziyadingeka ngoba lezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukumba emhlabathini futhi zingakwenza lokhu amahora amaningi, zivusa into njalo lapho. Kodwa ukukhetha amatshe kuyadingeka ukuze kungabi namakhona abukhali, ngaphandle kwalokho izinhlanzi zingalimala. Zidinga nezitshalo ezintantayo futhi ezilukhuni, ngaphandle kwazo, izinhlanzi zizizwa zingakhululekile e-aquarium. Phansi, kufanelekile ukwakha iziphepheli ezimbalwa usebenzisa amatshe namagatsha, ukuze izinhlanzi zicashe kuzo uma zifuna, ngakho-ke zizothola ukucindezelwa okuncane.
Kungakuhle futhi ukuthi ubheke ukuthi abawathandi amanzi afudumele ngokweqile, okwenza kube nzima ukuzigcina bendawonye nezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izinga lokushisa layo lingama-22- 20 C. Ukushintshwa kwamanzi njalo, ukuhlunga nokufakelwa kuyadingeka. Lezi zinhlanzi zihlala zisezingeni elifanele isikhathi esingafika eminyakeni eyi-10, futhi kwesinye isikhathi isikhathi eside.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukwenza umbala we-astronotus ucebe kakhulu, upelepele omncane wensimbi kufanele ungezwe ekudleni kwabo kanye ngeviki noma amabili.
I-Tiger Astronotus
I-Tiger astronotus ine-brownish-olive hue. Umzimba ungaba owebala owolintshi noma ogcwele obomvu. Leli gama lanikezwa ngenxa yemivimbo etholakalayo efana nombala we-tiger. Emsileni kukhona iphethini eyinqayizivele ebizwa ngokuthi iso.
Albino
I-astronotus emhlophe ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-albino. I-albino mhlophe ayinayo imibala, ngaphandle kokubomvu. Emzimbeni omhlophe, ungabulala amabhlokhi namabala endwangu ebomvu egcwele. Ama-astronotus amhlophe azwela kakhulu ekukhanyiseni, ngakho-ke kufanele ahlakazeke.
I-Veil Astronotus
Isici esiyingqayizivele se-astronotus yeveli kukhona amaphiko amakhulu futhi acwebezelayo. Umbala womzimba weveli ungaba yilutho ngokuphelele. Kunconywe ukugcina izinhlanzi ezinjalo ngokwahlukana, ngoba zingaluma kalula amanye amaphiko amahle.
Amanqindi amancanyana
Ngokungafani nezinye izinkanyezi, inomzimba omncane. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha angama-25. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umehluko uselembala - imivimbo ehlukile kakhulu itholakala kuwo wonke umzimba endaweni eqondile.
Bomvu
I-Astronotus ebomvu ihlukaniswa ngumthunzi omnyama womzimba namabala amabala anemibala ebomvu. Lolu hlobo alunalo iso emsileni, olutholakala kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Ama-red astronotus aboniswa ngonembeza ngabazalisi. Ukuze sizale, sikhethe ikakhulukazi labo abanombala obomvu ngokwanele womzimba.
ULutino
Kaningi, ama-lutinos adidaniswa nama-albinos, noma ngabe uhlobo lokuqala lunemibala emnyama - ama-desks emzimbeni wonke, amehlo nawo amnyama. Kukhona ama-tiger lutino ne-astronotus ebomvu, umehluko nawo umbala wombala.
Ilamula yelanga
Lolu hlobo lwe-astronotus lungaba yi-albino noma i-lutino. Umzimba ulula ngombala, kukhona iminonjana yezikhala, ukufafaza kanye nemichilo ophuzi ogcwele kuwo. Njengoba wazi, amboza iningi lomzimba we-astronotus.
I-Golden Astronotus
Kwanele ukuzwa igama lale hlobo lwe-astronotus, njengoba inhlanzi ye-aquarium enombala onikezwe umzimba ivela ekwazini. Isithunzi esikhulu somzimba simhlophe noma simnyama, ubona iminonjana yegolide noma ephuzi kuso. Iphethini ingalingisa imivimbo, amabala.
Ihambisana nezinye izinhlanzi
Uma sicabangela ukuthi obani abangahle basebenzelana nobungcweti bezinkanyezi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi banolaka kwezinye izinhlanzi. Umdli we-Aquarium uzobhubhisa zonke izinhlanzi ezincane, athathe ukudla kwakhe. Njengoba lolu hlobo lungakwazi ukuhambisana nezinye izinhlanzi, kunconywa ukuthi uzigcine ngokwahlukana. Ama-Arvans, upholi ungeza njengomakhelwane.
Ukuzalela ukufuya nge-astronotus
Uma uhlela ukuzala ama-astronotus, kuyafaneleka ukuthi ucabangele ukuthi zi-monogamous futhi zidinga ukuba khona kwabantu abaningana - 8-10, ukuze bahlukane ngababili. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-1.5. Izinhlanzi ze-Aquarium, ezilungele ukunwebeka, zibonisa ulaka ngokweqile, zithola umbala ogqamile.
I-Astronotus iqhuma e-aquarium
Ukuzalaniswa kwama-astronotus kwenzeka emanzini afudumele, kubekwa amatshe acwebezelayo e-aquarium, lapho inhlanzi izobeka amaqanda kuyo. Ukuqalwa kwe-Astronotus kuqala ngemidlalo yokuhlanganisa. Owesilisa unakekela insikazi, lokhu kungahlala kuze kuphele inyanga. I-Astronotus Fry izobhukuda ngosuku lwesine. Lapho i-fry ikhula ibe ngu-1 cm, iyatshalwa.
Ukukhetha nokukhethwa kwezinkanyezi
Uma unezinhloso ezimbi zokuyondla, noma mhlawumbe uzalela i-astronotus. Noma nje ukubona lezi zinhlanzi ezihehayo, kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo, ukubuka ukusebenza kwazo phakathi kwezinye ezifanayo - bese uqala amakhophi okungenani angama-8-10. Kungcono ukuthola izinsizwa ezinosayizi ongu-5-6 cm ngosayizi. Ukuthenga izinhlobonhlobo ezincane kukhulisa amathuba okuthola izinhlanzi "ezinwetshiwe" futhi kunciphise amathuba wokuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokululama okuphumelelayo uma kunesidingo ekwelashweni.
Ukukhetha i-astronotus unake umzimba wabo. Akufanele babe nesisu esishiswe yilanga, ama-humpbacks kanye namahlo amakhulu. Ngokuthola i-astronotus amafomu okufuya, unaka ngokukhethekile ukwakheka kwekhanda nemihlathi, ukwephulwa kulezi zindawo kuvame kakhulu.
I-Astronotus ocellatus, umdala
Musa ukukhetha izinhlanzi ezinobukhulu obufanayo, njengoba kulokhu kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale izinhlanzi zobulili obufanayo.
Ngokuphathelene nalokhu osekubonile, izinhlanzi ezitholakele kumele zihlukaniswe isikhathi esithile.Ngale njongo, i-aquarium eyi-100 litre ifanelekile impela.
Isikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kumele okungenani sibe izinyanga ezimbili.
Okwezithandani i-astronotus udinga i-aquarium okungenani amalitha angama-200, futhi ukuze ulondoloze iqembu elincane uzodinga ithangi elikhudlwana ngisho nangokwengeziwe.
I-Astronotus kungabikwa ukuthi ama-cichlid ahlala elwela ukufaka isandla emhlabeni obazungezile. Umsebenzi wasemhlabeni uyindlela yabo abayithandayo; uma kukhona izitshalo eziphilayo e-aquarium, maduze kuzokwemba noma kususwe. Ngoba i-astronotus kujwayelekile ukuhlela kabusha kwezindawo zokubuka amanzi e-aquarium ngezikhathi ezithile, ngakho-ke amatshe anzima angasuswa ukusuka komunye umkhawulo we-aquarium uye kwelinye.
Okokuqukethwe i-astronotus I-aquarium ngaphandle kwenhlabathi kufanelekile, kulula kakhulu ukugcina inhlanzeko kuyo. Uma umhlabathi usadingeka, kunconywa amalahle aqhekekile Amatshe amakhulu abekwa ngqo ezansi kwe-aquarium. Ukusetshenziswa kwezibhunge noma amagatsha njengokuhlobisa kuzosondeza umkhathi e-aquarium eduze kwendawo yemvelo.
Ukuze usetshenziselwe umhlobiso wezitshalo eziphilayo, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izinhlobo ezihamba kanzima nohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, ezitshalwe ezitsheni ezihlukile. Okungcono nokho, sebenzisa izitshalo zepulasitiki.
Ukukhanyisa i-aquarium kufanele kube kufiphele, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi zizizwa zizolile.
Ukukhetha kwemishini yokuhlunga mhlawumbe isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ekuhlomiseni i-aquarium ukuze igcinwe i-astronotus.
Kusukela i-astronotus Uma izinhlanzi ezinkulu zithanda ukudla okunokuqukethwe okunamaprotheni amaningi, khona-ke isidlo ngasinye siphela ngokungcoliswa kwamanzi okukhulu, kokubili ukudla okungondlekile kanye nenhlanzi.
Ukusebenzisa isihlungi esinamandla angasebenzi kahle kuzoholela ekuqongeleleni kwamakhompiyutha ayingozi emanzini, okugcina kungadala izinkinga ezahlukahlukene ezihlobene nempilo yezinhlanzi.
Ukukhetha okungcono kungaba ukusebenzisa izihlungi ze-canister eyodwa noma ezimbili zangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele baqinisekise ukukhiqiza ezingeni lamavolumu angama-7-8 e-aquarium ngehora. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlungi zesimanjemanje zanamuhla zinikezela ngezinga elihle lokuhlanzwa kwamanzi emvelo. Futhi ekunakekelweni kulula kakhulu kunokuhlunga kwangaphakathi.
Ukususa nitrate kusuka biofiltration kusuka emanzini. Cishe i-50% yevolumu yamanzi ephelele kufanele ifakwe esikhundleni ngesonto elilodwa.
I-Astronotus ocellatus ku-aquarium ejwayelekile
I-Astronotus izinhlanzi ze-thermophilic. Uhla lokushisa olunconyelwe ukulungiswa kwabo luphakathi kuka-23 no-28 ° C. Ukuphambuka kungenzeka, kodwa kuphela ngendlela enkulu. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elingaphansi kwama-20 ° C, okungathandeki kakhulu, u-13 ° C ngumkhawulo ongezansi lapho izinhlanzi zifa.
Ukuze ulondoloze izinga lokushisa elilungile, i-heater enokulawula izinga lokushisa iyadingeka. Kungcono uma isihlungi se-canister senzelwe ukufaka i-heater, i.e. amanzi azothiswa ngaphandle kwe-aquarium. Kusukela izimo ngazinye i-astronotus ingahlasela i-heater, ngenxa yokuthi ingahle yephulwe.
I-Astronotus hhayi pretentious zamapharamitha zamanzi, zizizwa zizinhle zombili ezindaweni ezinama-acid amaningi kanye ne-alkaline. Ibanga elilungile le-pH, kusuka kumayunithi angama-6.0 kuya kwangama-7.5, i-acidity ephansi yamanzi ayifiseleki, ngoba ngesimo se-Oscars ayitholakali emanzini "amnyama".
Ubulukhuni bamanzi bungasukela ku-5 kuye ku-20 ° GH.
I-Astronotus amelana ngokuphelele nokuqukethwe komoya ophefumulile emanzini futhi angaphila ngisho nasekukhungweni okungaphansi kuka-0,4 mg / l.
Ukudla kwe-Astronotus
I-Astronotus izinhlanzi eziyinqaba, lokhu kufakazelwa yimiphumela yocwaningo lokuqukethwe esiswini sabantu basendle lapho okutholakale khona izinsalela zezinhlanzi ezincane, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane, nezingxenye zezitshalo nezasemanzini. Isisekelo sokudla siqukethe ukudla kwezilwane, izitshalo ziya njengokungezwa kokudla okuyinhloko.
Ukudla okuyinhloko ku-aquarium kungaba yimiganu yama-cichlid, ngokungezelelwa kokudla okubandayo nokubanda. Amagremu omile kufanele abe makhulu ngokwanele, ngoba amachashaza amancane ngeke adliwe kuze kube sekupheleni futhi angamane angcolise amanzi.
Uhlobo olujwayelekile lokudla okuphilayo njengamagazi, lungasetshenziswa kuphela ekudleni kwentsha.
Kudingeka ukudla okuphakayo okubanzi kwezinhlanzi ezindala: ngesimo seminyundu, izinambuzane ezinkulu (amakhethini, izintethe), njll. Izimbaza zomhlaba kufanele zigcinwe ethangini elinamanzi izinsuku ezingama-3-4 ukuzisusa emhlabeni ngaphambi kokuzisebenzisa.
Iningi lama-olwandle londla ifilishi lezinhlanzi zolwandle, inyama yesikwati kanye nojantshi, izingcezu zenyama ebomvu, isibindi nenhliziyo, ukupheka kanye nokuqandisa inyama yengulube kule mikhiqizo.
Kukhona abasemanzini abangakaze basebenzise inyama yezilwane ezincelisayo i-astronotus Uma ucabanga ukuthi amafutha aqukethe le nyama awangenwa yinhlanzi futhi abe nomphumela olimazayo emzimbeni wawo.
Njengokudla kwezilwane, basebenzisa ama-viviparous shrews (ama-guppies, izinkemba) noma ama -fishfish amancane afakwe kule njongo.
Gwema ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi ezithengiwe nezinhlanzi ezibanjwe emizimbeni yamanzi emvelo njengokuphakelayo, ngoba kungaba ngumthwali wezifo ezithathelwanayo.
I-Astronotus badinga i-Vitamin C, etholakala ekudleni kwezitshalo. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo kumele zibe khona ekudleni kwazo.
Ngokuqondene nemvamisa yokondliwa, okulandelayo kunganconywa lapha: kwanele ukondla abasha kabili ngosuku, abantu abadala bathola ukudla kanye, kepha ngobuningi obanele.
Ukuvumelana kwe-Astronot
I-Astronotus ukubukeka okunokuthula uma kugcinwa nezinhlanzi ezinobukhulu obufanayo. Njengoba bemvelo ngokwemvelo, noma yisiphi isisulu esingangena emilonyeni yabo sithathwa njengokudla.
Uma i-aquarium ibanzi (amalitha angaphezu kuka-1000) ke i-astronotus ingagcinwa nezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlanzi.
Njengomakhelwane, ungasebenzisa ama-characin amakhulu - i-Metynnis, i-Myleus, amanye ama-cichlids angenalo ulaka - uHeros noma uGeophagus.
Kepha kungcono uma i-aquarium iluhlobo. Kwabayishumi nambili i-astronotus i-aquarium yamalitha angama-500 ilungile impela. Ungacabangi ukuthi lokhu kukhulu kakhulu i-aquarium kubo, ngoba ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, okuncane ekuqaleni kwenhlanzi kuzoshintsha kube yinhlanzi emaphakathi nesenti.
Kuyafaneleka impela ku-aquarium nge i-astronotus kungaba abaxhasi. Kubonwa nokuqukethwe okuhlanganisiwe, ama-ancistruses akhula amakhulu kunokuhlangana nezinye izinhlanzi.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ulandele imithetho embalwa elula.
Okokuqala, ungahlali phansi kokukhulu i-astronotus ikati elincanyana.
Okwesibili, isigaxa esisodwa noma ngaphezulu zamagatsha kufanele sibe khona ku-aquarium. Kulokhu, ama-antiscistruses asheshe ajwayele futhi azizwe ephephile ngokuphelele.
Okwesithathu, ama-Antsitruse angawokuqala ukuhlalisa emanzini, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ungatshala ama-Oscars. Kepa ngokukhethekile i-Antsistrus lapho igcinwe ndawonye i-astronotus akudingekile kusukela lapho i-astronotus azidli ngobunono kakhulu futhi ingxenye enkulu yomphako ingena phansi kwe-aquarium.
Ukuhlukumezeka ngokocansi
Ngokuthembekile nquma ubulili i-astronotus akunakwenzeka. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane futhi banemibala ekhanyayo kakhulu; bakhomba futhi bade futhi ama-anal dinsal fins.
Ema-aquariums, la makhonkolo ngokuvamile awasebenzi, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lokuguqulwa kombala.
Ukubukeka i-astronotus, kuncike kakhulu ezintweni ezinjengokuthi: ukudla, umthamo we-aquarium, izimo zokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa.
Ngokwesibonelo, i-astronotusokuqukethe i-aquarium yamalitha ayi-1300 sikhulu kakhulu kune-oscars zamalitha angama-600.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi lingakanani umthamo we-aquarium, izinhlanzi ziqala ukubeka amaqanda eneminyaka eyi-18 izinyanga, zifinyelela kubukhulu obungamasentimitha ayi-12. Ngalesi sikhathi, sekuvele ukugcizelela ubukhona bendoda nowesifazane.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-astronotus
Ubunzima obukhulu bokuzala i-astronotus ezihambisana nokukhethwa kwemibhangqwana. Uma umbhangqwana usuqhakazile, ukuzalanisa ama-Oscars ngeke kube nzima.
Ukusakaza kufanele kube kubanzi ngokwanele. Amatshe amaflethi noma ezinye izinto ezinendawo eyisicaba zibekwa ngaphakathi.
I-Astronotus ocellatus - isibili
Ukungezelela izinga lokushisa ngamadigri amaningana kanye nokubuyisela ingxenye yamanzi ngesithambisi esisodwa kuyisikhuthazo sokuziphatha kocansi. Owesilisa uqala ukunakekela owesimame futhi ngasikhathi sinye ulungiselela indawo yokuhlanza. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi ine-ovipositor ebonakalayo, kuthi owesilisa abe ne-vas deferens encane. Umbala wenhlanzi wenziwa ukhanye.
ICaviar ibekwe etsheni eliyisicaba, noma ngqo ezansi kwengilazi ngaphansi kwe-aquarium. Abakhiqizi bangazalela amaqanda angafika ku-2 000 ngasikhathi, kepha endaweni ehlala emanzini, akuvamile ukuba kube namaqanda angaphezu kwama-400. Iqanda, umbala omhlophe qwa, linobubanzi obungu-1.5 mm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-caviar ithola umbala onjalo phakathi namahora okuqala angama-24 wokufakwa ngaphakathi.
Kuyadingeka ukunakekela i-aquarium ekhulayo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uma inhloso yokuzalanisa i-astronotus ukuthola isibalo esiphezulu se-fry, khona-ke kufanele udlulise amaqanda kanye ne-substrate ethangini lokudilika elihlukile eligcwele amanzi avela ku-aquarium evulekile.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, kunezimo ezimbili ezingase zibe khona: kungaba ukuthi i-caviar izodliwa ngokuphelele ngosuku lwesibili, futhi uma lokhu kungenzeki, khona-ke ukuphakamisela esimweni somuntu omdala kuzoholela ekuphepheni kuka-2 kuya kwabathathu.
I-Astronotus ocellatus Malek
Ngakho-ke, uma i-caviar idluliselwa ku-aquarium ehlukile, kufanele kufakelwe i-atomizer ngaphezulu kwayo ukudala ukugeleza kwamanzi okubuthakathaka, ngenkathi ama-bubble air akufanele ahlangane namaqanda.
Kungcono ukuthi ungeze i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emanzini ukuze unikeze amanzi umbala okhanyayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ekushiseni kwamanzi okungaba ngu-30 ° C, izibungu ziyavela izinsuku ezingama-3-4, ziqoqana ngenqwaba ngaphansi kwe-aquarium. Okwamanje, lo msubathi omncane kufanele ususwe ku-depositor nge-caviar esele engenamanyolo kuyo futhi kufakwa isihlungi ukuze amanzi ahlanzeke.
Ngemuva kwelinye isonto, i-fry eyakhiwe iqala ukusakazeka phezu kwe-aquarium. Ukudla okuqala yi-Artemia nauplii, ngesonto kamuva ungangeza i-tetramine neshubhu elisikiwe ekudleni kwabo.
Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa, sebekwazi ukunikezwa umhlonyane omncane wegazi kanye ne-coronet. Fry i-astronotus ukhule ngokwanele futhi ngeminyaka yenyanga eyodwa yobukhulu usondela amasentimitha amathathu.
I-Astronotus ikwazi ukukhuphuka kuze kube izikhathi eziyi-10 zilandelana, ngokuphumula kwamasonto ama-3-4, emva kwalokho badinga ukuphumula izinyanga ezi-2 (kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu).
Habitat
INingizimu Melika isabalele esifundeni sase-Amazon futhi ibhalisiwe eColombia, eVenezuela, eBolivia, e-Ecuador, ePeru, eBrazil, eFrench Guiana, eParaguay, e-Uruguay nase-Argentina. Ngaphesheya kwaleli banga, zitholakala ezinhlelweni eziningi zemifula, kufaka phakathi i-Ukayali, amaSolimyans, i-Amazon, i-Negro, i-Madeira, iTapajos, iTokantins, i-Orinoco, i-Apruage ne-Oyapok. Izilwane zasendle zikhona futhi emazweni amaningi, kufaka phakathi iSingapore nase-United States.
Ngokuvamile kutholakala emanzini angajulile emanzini ahamba kancane noma aqinile ezindaweni zamahlathi. Indawo yokuhlala imvamisa imbozwe usilika onezimpande zezihlahla ezikhukhulayo noma ngaphansi kotshani bezitshalo zasogwini.
Izinhlanzi zasendle kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala ngentengiso, kepha iningi lalabo abathengiswayo livela kubalimi bezinhlanzi abathengisayo.
Incazelo
Umzimba o-oval uphakeme kancane futhi uthambile ngokuqinile kusuka ezinhlangothini. Amaphiko makhulu. Ikhanda likhulu, umphambili webunzi uyi-convex.
Amehlo nomlomo wokugcina nawo makhulu. Ama-dorsal fin, njenge-anal fin, axhumeka emsileni, enza uhlobo “lwabalandeli”.
Umbala ojwayelekile kakhulu iphathini yombala engalingani ngaphezulu komzimba omnyama. Isendlalelo sokuqala singaba mnyama, grey noma nsundu, amabala nezindawo ezingalingani kuso ziphuzi. Ngaphansi komsila, ibala elimnyama elinomphetho ophuzi-owolintshi ofana neso.
I-Aquarium
Izinhlanzi zinkulu futhi ngakho-ke umthamo we-aquarium umuntu ngamunye kufanele okungenani ube amalitha ayi-100.
Kusukela endaweni efanele amatshe amakhulu ayindilinga, i-driftwood. Ezitshalweni, izinhlobo kuphela ezinamaqabunga aqine kakhulu: i-echinodorus enkulu, i-painbitis, i-anubias, i-Thai fern. Izitshalo ezintantayo ngamanani amancane nazo ziyamukeleka.
Ama-Pisces abonakala ngokuthuthumela lapho ejaha i-aquarium ngokungakhethi. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kube nesembozo esivala ngokuphephile, futhi imishini yangaphakathi kufanele ilungiswe ngokuqinile.
Amapharamitha Amanzi:
Ukushisa: 22 - 30 ° C,
pH: 6.0 - 7.5,
Ubunzima: 5 kuya ku-20 ° DH.
I-filtration idinga izinhlobo ezimbili - i-biological and mechanical, aeration enamandla, kanye noshintsho lwesithathu lwamanzi masonto onke.
Banokuthula impela, kepha bathatha izinhlanzi ezincane ukuze zidliwe, ngakho-ke udinga ukugcina abantu abangu-6-8 ngokwahlukana, noma ukhethe izinhlobo ezinkulu komakhelwane babo: ama-cichlases amakhulu, i-chain catfish kanye nama-cichlids.
Umsoco
Kuthatha izingcezu zezinhlanzi zasolwandle, inhliziyo yenkunzi, izinambuzane, izibungu zazo, izidumbu zomhlaba, izintethe, izibungu zamadrako, iminyundu emikhulu yegazi, izimfudu, imidlwane. Ungondla ngokudla okwomile, kepha yilapho kuphela okuqukethwe okunamaprotheni amaningi.
Lezi zinhlanzi zithanda ukudla, ngakho-ke zidinga usuku “lokuzila” ejwayelekile. Noma yiziphi izinhlanzi zasemfuleni ezingadala izifo ziyaphikiswa.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Akukho mehluko wobulili obonakala ngokucacile. Abesilisa banombala ogqamile, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthola ubulili balezi zinhlanzi ngalesi sici.
Kungaleso sikhathi sokuhluma kuphela lapho izinsikazi zihluka nge-ovipositor ebonakalayo, nabesilisa nge-oviduct encane.
Uyakwazi ukuzalela, ufike eminyakeni emi-2 nosayizi ongu-12 cm.
Uhlobo luni lwezinhlanzi lolu?
I-Habitat Astronotus
I-Astronotus - inhlanzi enkulu futhi enhle - yachazwa okokuqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 ngabaphenyi baseNingizimu Melika. Kakade maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kokugcina, lezi zinhlanzi zeza eYurophu, lapho zaqala khona ukuzalanisa ezilimini ezinkulu zasolwandle.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ama-astronotus ahlala e-Amazon. Izwe lakubo yiRio Negro, iRio Paraguay, iParana enezintela, njll. Phakathi kwabantu bendawo, i-astronotus ibhekwa njengento ebalulekile yokudoba: iyabanjwa, bese yomiswa noma ibheme. Ngokusho kokunambitheka, ukunambitheka kwe-astronotus kuyamangalisa!
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-astronotus yafakwa ohlwini e-Australia, China kanye nase-United States (eFlorida efudumele). Lapho, le nhlanzi yathela emanzini avulekile futhi yaqala ukuqothula i-ichthyofauna yendawo. Ngakho-ke kulezi zindawo, i-astronotus ibhekwa njengezinhlanzi ezibuthakathaka, njengezinhlanzi zethu zelanga.
Abamele lolu hlobo lwenhlobo banokuzibandakanya okuhle, ngakho-ke bayakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezahlukahlukene zokuphila. Ama-Astronotuse ahlala emifuleni emikhulu, nasemachibini amancane, emiseleni, ngisho nasemachibini - ukube bekungagcinwa nje kuphela ihlobo.
I-Astronotus e-aquarium
Izimo ezifanele
Ama-astronot young asezitolo zezilwane nasezimakethe zezinyoni zivame ukuthengiswa ngenani lama-cm angama-3-4. Lokhu makungadukisi: izinhlanzi zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke, ngentuthuko ephelele, zidinga amandla okungenani amalitha angama-300-400.
Kodwa ngamanye amapharamitha we-aquarium, ubunzima obukhethekile akufanele buvele:
- Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lisuka ku-22 liye ku-27 ° C.
- i-pH isuka ku-6.5 iye ku-7.5.
- Ubulukhuni - kuya ku-23 °.
- Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwamasonto onke - kusuka kuma-20% evolumu.
- Aeration nokuhlunga kuyimpoqo.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlanza i-aquarium masonto onke, udinga ukufafaza inhlabathi ngokuphelele, ngoba ama-astronotus akhiqiza imfucuza enkulu ngokulinganayo. Kuyalule futhi ukuthi ulungise yonke imishini ithembeke ngangokunokwenzeka: lezi zinhlanzi ziqinile, ngakhoke zingakwazi "ukuhlela kabusha" isihlungi ukusuka endaweni ngendawo cishe ngaphandle kobunzima.
I-Astronotus iyi-cichlid esebenzayo ehlala igaya inhlabathi futhi ihambisa ngisho namatshe amakhulu kunawo wonke. Ukutshala izitshalo e-aquarium enama-astronotus akusizi ngalutho: izinhlanzi ziyazimba noma zizidle zize zifike ezimpandeni, bese zibamba izimpande noma kunjalo!
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-astronotus ingeyeqembu lezinhlanzi ezidliwayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi angakudla konke ukudla kwezitshalo nama-invertebrates asemanzini, kanye nezinhlanzi ezincane.Akunakwenzeka ukuthi sikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokudla okuphelele kwezitshalo ku-aquarium ku-astronotus, ngakho-ke kungcono ukwenza ukudla okulinganiselayo.
- Isisekelo sokudla kufanele kube ukudla kwezilwane. Lokhu kufaka i-bloodworms, ishubhu, i-Corpetra, i-brine shrimp, igobolondo, inyama ebilisiwe, njll. Ungakunika konke ukudla okubandayo nokubandayo.
- Njengokudla, izidleke zomhlaba, izintethe, ama-tadpoles, njll. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-astronotuses adliwa izinhlanzi ezincane ezenqatshiwe - ama-guppies noma ama-molynezias, kepha kulokhu kufanele uqiniseke ngokuphelele empilweni ye "feed".
- Ingxenye yemifino yokudla kufanele ifake amaqabunga kanye nemifino (iklabishi, ithanga, i-zucchini). Zombili izimbabazane nemifino kufanele zifakwe emanzini abilayo ngaphambi kokubekwa emanzini.
- Ama-feed ama-granular kanye nama-flakes nawo angasetshenziselwa ukondla. Ukwethulwa kwama-carotene flakes ekudleni kwenza umbala we-astronotus ukhanye.
Lapho usuthisa ama-astronotuses, kubalulekile ukubona ngokulinganisela - adla izinhlanzi ngobugovu, futhi ngenxa yalokho ingozi yokusebenzisa ngokweqile iphezulu kakhulu. Ama-astronotus okweqile asasebenzi, anciphise ukungatheleleki, okuthi ngenxa yalokho kuholele ekwakhiweni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene.
Amanye ama-aquarists adla ama-astronotus ezandleni zawo. Izinhlanzi zithatha ngokuzithandela ukudla kumniniyo, kepha ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe: kuhlale kunobungozi bokulunywa umunwe! Ihambisana nezinye izinhlanzi
Akunandaba ukuthi abathengisayo ezimakethe noma ezitolo zezilwane bathini, i-astronotus empeleni ayifanelekile ukugcina ku-aquarium ejwayelekile. Bonke omakhelwane kungekudala bazoshaywa kanzima noma badliwe. Ngakho-ke inketho efanelekile yokugcina ama-astronotus ambalwa e-aquarium enkulu enezindawo zokugcina zamatshe.
Ukukhishwa kusekhona. Uma umthamo mkhulu ngokwanele, khona-ke ama-astronotus angahlangana ne:
- iketeni elikhulu le-catfish (i-pterygoplychitis nama-plecostomuse),
- ama-arovans,
- yebo
- ama-cichlosomes (imizila eyisishiyagalombili),
- izaqathe ezi-hybrid ezintathu.
Kepha kunoma yikuphi, ukwaba i-astronotus nezinye izinhlanzi kusengozini, ngoba kufanelekile ukwanda ngaphambi kokuthi iqiniso lokuthi ukweqisa (yize kungekubi kangako) kusazoba.
Ubunzima obukhulu ekugcineni i-astronotuses ukukhethwa kwe-aquarium efanelekile ngevolumu. Kodwa uma uthola ithangi elihle kakhulu bese ulandela amathiphu angenhla - lezi zinhlanzi zizokujabulisa isikhathi eside ngokubukeka kwazo nokushaya kwazo okusheshayo!
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Astronotus enamehlo amancane
Njengoba kungelula ukuhlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane, uma kuhlelwa ukuthi kuzalwe ama-astronotuse, ngokuvamile ama-5-6 izinhlanzi atholakala ngokushesha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, bona uqobo bayobhangqwa. Ziba nokufikisa ngokweminyaka emi-2, kuthi emva kwalokho ziqale ukukhula ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngaphambi kokuba isikhathi sokukhula kuqala, inhlanzi ithola umbala ogqamile: umzimba wayo uphenduka umnyama ubomvu. Uma zingekho ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi e-aquarium, awukwazi ngisho nokuzibeka endaweni evulekile, ngaphandle kwalokho uzodinga ukuba ungazibeki engcupheni ye-caviar.
Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa uba nolaka kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho idinga ukwehlukaniswa nowesifazane isikhashana, bese ulinda aze anciphise. Ngemuva kokuhlangana futhi, izinhlanzi zilungiselela indawo yokwakha, zihlanza indawo engezansi, futhi zingakwazi nokumbela engilazini. Umthamo wokusabalalisa kufanele ube ngamalitha ayi-150, amatshe ayizicaba abekwe phansi phansi kwawo, futhi okushisa kwamanzi kufanele kukhuliswe kancane ngamadigri angama-3-4 uma kuqhathaniswa nalena ejwayelekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuhlanza, izinhlanzi ziphumule futhi akukho lutho olwesabisayo oluzungezile: inhlanzi eshaqekile ingadla i-caviar.
Izinsikazi ezisencane emahoreni angama-5 zizalela amaqanda angamakhulu ambalwa, ngokuvamile azidluli kuma-500-600. Abadala abasondela kosayizi omkhulu bangenza i-clutch yamaqanda ayi-1,000 - 1,800. I-Caviar iyavuthwa ngokushesha okukhulu, kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-3-7 ukwenza lokhu, ngemuva kwalokho kuvela izibungu. Ngosuku lokuqala abazi ukuthi ukubhukuda kanjani futhi bahlale nje ezindongeni ze-aquarium noma ezitshalweni. Baqala ukubhukuda ezinsukwini ezingama-5- 10 ngemuva kokuvela.
Ekuqaleni, banikezwa i-daphnia, i-artemia nokunye ukudla okuncane kwezilwane. Isonto ngemuva kokuqala kokudla, ungangeza ibhubhu eliqokiwe ekudleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fry ikhotha imisebe evela esikhunjeni sabazali, ekhiqizwa ngalesi sikhathi kuphela ngokuqondile ekuondleni kwabo. Zikhula ngokushesha ukuze lokhu kukhula kunganciphi, kufanele zenziwe kabusha kabusha, zihlelwe ngosayizi - ngasikhathi sinye lokhu kuzonciphisa isibalo sezingxabano phakathi kwenhlanzi. Ngenkathi inhlanzi ikhula ngenkuthalo, amanzi ayo kufanele abe manya kancane: uma ithamba ngokwedlulele, umhlathi ungakhuli kahle.
Izitha Zemvelo ze-Ocular Astronotus
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-ocular astronotus?
Ezinyokeni, izinhlanzi ezinkulu nezinyoni zidla inyama kuzo. Ama-Astronotuses awasheshi kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho abaningi babahlaseli baba izisulu ezilula - kunzima kakhulu kubo ukubalekela. Ngakho-ke, iningi lalezinhlanzi lifela emlonyeni wezinyamazane ezinkulu zamanzi.
Inani elincane kancane, kodwa futhi eliningi, liwela izinyoni, ngisho noma liphansi kaningi liphazanyiswa amakati, anquma ukubamba izinhlanzi eduze nolwandle. Abantu be-ocular astronotuse abakhathazeki kangako: akuvamile ukuba babanjwe ngokuzalaniswa, ngoba vele bahlala ekudingisweni ngokwanele, ngakho-ke bahlangana kuphela ngesimo sokubanjwa.
Lezi zinhlanzi zingalwazisana futhi zilwa kakhulu. Kaningi ngesikhathi sokulwa bavikela amalungelo abo endawo. Lezi zinhlanzi zingabuyiselwa ngokuhlanganyela ku-aquarium yomunye umuntu ohlala khona, olinganayo ngosayizi noma ophakeme kakhulu: bese ama-astronotus ezithoba kakhulu.
Ukungavikeleki kwale nhlanzi kuhle, ngakho-ke atheleleka kakhulu. Izifo zingabangelwa izifo noma amagciwane. Ukuze ugweme lobu bubi, udinga nje ukuthi uzinakekele izinhlanzi futhi ungazondli ngokudla okuyingozi.
Masishane ngemuva kokutholwa, zidinga ukuhlala zodwa futhi zibhekwe. Ama-Astronotuses ajwayela ukugula ngenxa yesondlo esingafanele. Isibonelo, uma inhlanzi ingekho ama-vithamini noma ukubhukuda emanzini agxilile, ingakhula i-hexamitosis.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Ocular Astronotus
Ama-cosular astronotuses aphakathi kwezinhlobo ezincane ezisengozini. Inani labo lemvelo likhulu impela, njengoba kunjalo nendawo okusatshalaliswa kuyo. Azikho izindlela eziphazamisayo eziphawuliwe: cishe kuyo yonke imifula lapho lezi zinhlanzi bezakhe khona ngokomlando, ziyaqhubeka nokuphila, nobuningi buhlala buphakeme.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezulu kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, uhla lokusatshalaliswa kwezimpawu zezinkanyezi eziseNingizimu Melika selukhulise ngisho kancane, futhi manje sezingatholakala kulawo mfula lapho zazingatholakali khona ngaphambili, ngoba zazilethwa lapho ngabantu. Kuhlangene naseningizimu ye-United States, lapho ukudoba kwemidlalo kuvame khona, nakwezinye izindawo.
Umonakalo ovela emisebenzini yabantu awubonakali kulezi zinhlanzi: ukungcoliswa kwemifula eseNingizimu Melika ayifikanga izilinganiso ezinjengokuthi kungazisongela kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngoba ikakhulukazi zihlala ezindaweni ezingahlalwa ngabantu. Inani eliphelele lama-astronotus belingabaliwe, kodwa kusobala ukuthi ziningi zazo. Zijwayelekile ikakhulukazi ezigodini zase-Orinoco naseRio Negro: kukhona izinkanyezi eziningi kakhulu zemifula emifuleni emincane egeleza zingene kuzo, lezi zidlova ezincanyana kukhona ukuduma kwangempela kwezinhlanzi ezincane.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ama-Astronotuses anakekela inzalo yawo, futhi ndawonye. Zihlala zihlala duzane nokubumbana futhi zithinte amaphiko azo ukuze ikhula ibe ngcono, futhi amaqanda abhujisiwe abekwe eceleni, ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamabele
Ocular Astronotus - hhayi okulula kakhulu ukugcina izinhlanzi zasemanzini, futhi ngaphambi kokuyithenga kufanele ucabange kabili. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezifuywayo ezinjalo zizokhula zikhulu futhi ziyozijabulisa ngokusebenza kwazo okusebenzayo e-aquarium, kanye neqiniso lokuthi bayakwazi ukubona umniniyo futhi baziyekelele ngisho nokugwazwa, okungajwayelekile ezinhlanzini.
Ukuzala, ukuqhuma
Cishe wonke ama-cichlids ayizinto ezithobayo, kufaka phakathi i-astronotuses. Bathola umlingani esemncane. Ngakho-ke, uma umnikazi efuna ukuzalanisa izinhlanzi, udinga ukuthatha iqembu labantu abangu-8-10 bese ulinda aze ahlukaniswe ngababili.
Ukuthomba kwezinhlanzi kwenzeka ngonyaka owodwa nohhafu. Lapho ukuqhekeka kwenzeka, umbala wenhlanzi uya ucace ngokwengeziwe, futhi le ndlela yokuziphatha iba nolaka ngokwengeziwe. Into esemqoka ukuthi kuvela izici eziphambili zocansi - i-ovipositor kanye ne-vas deferens.
Ukuze izinhlanzi ziqale ukuswayiza, udinga ukukhuphula izinga lokushisa ngamazinga athile. Ngalesi sikhathi, amatshe ayizicaba abekwa ngaphansi kwe-aquarium (amapuleti nawo angadlala indima). Ziyadingeka ekuphonsa i-caviar. Okokuqala, owesilisa ususa imfucuza ebusweni, izinhlanzi ziqale imidlalo yokuzalela. Kwesinye isikhathi angahudula izinyanga.
Kusihlwa, izinhlanzi ziphelelwe ngumdla. Ebumnyameni, inqubo yokunqampuna iqala. I-caviar imhlophe, kepha ngemuva kokuba owesilisa eyivunile, iba sobala ngokuphelele. Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi ingazalela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezimbili.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, owesilisa uvikela inzalo, ngenkathi insikazi igcina ukuhlanzeka eduze kwamaqanda. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, izibungu zisuka emaqandeni, ezingeke zidliwe ezinye izinsuku eziningi bese zithola umsoco ku-yolk sac. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-4, i-fry ye-astronotus isivele ikwazi ukubhukuda futhi ukudla ngokwayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, isikhumba sabazali sikhipha umiyane ondla, odliwa yizingane. Lapho befika ngosayizi ongu-1 cm, kunconywa ukubenza babeke kude nabazali babo, ngoba imvelo yokukhathalela izingane ibuthaka kubo.
Fry kufanele bondliwe kakhulu nge-artemia, cyclops noma daphnia. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, unganikeza imidlwane yegazi noma ibhubhu. I-fry ye-astronotuses ithambekele ekwesheni i-cannibalism, kudla abantu ababuthaka, ngakho-ke, ukuze ulondoloze yonke inzalo, udinga ukutshala njalo lezo zingane ezisala ngemuva ekukhuleni.
Udwetshwe
Le ndlela enokhahlo yokwenza imibala yasungulwa ukuze inikeze inhlanzi noma yimuphi umbala. Udayi ufakwa ngqo ngaphansi kwesikhumba usebenzisa isirinji nenaliti. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, upende uyasuswa emzimbeni, kepha ukungavikeleki kwesilwane kuhlupheka kakhulu. Kamuva, isilwane siba sengozini, sihlaselwe izifo eziningi, ukukhula nokukhula kwaso kuya ngokuba kubi, bese sifa phambi kwabafowethu.
I-aquarium ene-astronotuses izoba ukwengeza okuhle esakhiweni sokuhlala. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu nezinobuhlakani ziyoba izilo zemindeni, zishaye ngobuhle nobuhlakani bazo.
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