Nelma - Lokhu kungukudotshwa kwezinhlanzi zohlobo lwe-Whitefish, umndeni we-whitefish, ongowokuhleleka kwama-salmonids. I-Nelma ibhekwa njengezinhlanzi ezingena nge-semi-aisle noma inhlanzi entsha. I-aura yendawo yayo yokuhlala ifinyelela esisekelweni soLwandle i-Arctic, iye eMfuleni iMackenzie kusuka eMfuleni iPonoi. Ukuzala kwe-nelma kusuka ku-125 kuya kuma-420 amaqanda, le nhlanzi igquma ekwindla (Septhemba-Okthoba) ezindaweni ezisheshayo, lapho phansi kunesihlabathi futhi kubhebhetheke futhi izinga lokushisa lamanzi lisuka ku-3 liye ku-8 ° С. I-Caviar iba phakathi kwamatshe phansi ubusika bonke. Kakade ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, i-nelma iba yisisulu futhi idle ngokuthengisa inyama, ukuncibilika, ulutsha lwe-perch cyprinid ne-whitefish. INelma yinhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiso, kanye nento yokuzalanisa okwenziwe ngokufakelwa.

INelma (i-salmon efudukayo) ihlukile ngo-salmon ngombala wayo, ongenazo izindawo ezimnyama ezinobuntu. Umzimba ngokwawo uphakeme futhi uthambile kancane kamuva. Umbala wangemuva unsundu omnyama, izinhlangothi ziyisiliva elikhanyayo, isisu simhlophe nomlomo omkhulu onesibalo esikhulu samazinyo aphakathi nendawo. INelma - inhlanzi inkulu impela, ezimweni ezihlukene zokuhlala isisindo sayo esivamile siyahlukahluka ngokwesilinganiso sisuka kumakhilogremu amahlanu kuya kwayi-16, kepha kukhona abantu abangamakhilogremu angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu.

Incazelo

Igama lesi Latin: Stenodus leucichthys
Amanye amagama: I-Whitefish
Umndeni: ISalimoni
Ubulili: Sigi
Uhlobo: amanzi amnandi
Indlela Yokuphila: pelagic
Uhlobo Lamandla: inyamazane
Indawo yokuhlala: isisekelo soLwandle lweCaspian

Ukubukeka

Umlomo weNelma mkhulu, yiqiniso, eliphakeme. Umhlathi ophansi ugoba ngaphambili ubheke phambili futhi ugoba ngokushesha ngephambili, ngesimo se- "izinyo" ungena ku-notch yomhlathi ongaphezulu. Ukucacisa kwakhe ngogebhezi kulele ngemuva komphetho weso. Imihlathi, ukuvuleka nolimi kunamazinyo amancane. Umzimba awulona i-valky, kepha umise okwe-pike, ucindezelwe kamuva. Umbala ngemuva uluhlaza okomnyama okukhanyayo onsundu, esiswini nasezinhlangothini zesiliva. Akunemivimbo emnyama edlulayo emzimbeni; amaphiko amnyama.

Kunezindawo ezimbili ezingaphansi: i-whitefish evela echibini lolwandle iCaspian kanye nelma kusuka emifuleni ye-Arctic Ocean. Umsuka wezinhlobo yi-arctic. I-Whitefish ingene eCaspian isuka e-Arctic Ocean basin kuLate Ice Age. INelma ifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-150 nesisindo esingama-28 (ngezikhathi ezithile kuze kufike ku-40) kg. i-whitefish - i-130 cm. no-14 kg. Ubudala obukhulu bufika eminyakeni engama-22. Izinga lokukhula liphakeme kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa nezinye i-whitefish, kepha ngaphakathi kwendawo enkulu kunokwehluka okukhulu kwesilinganiso sokukhula nokuthomba, kanye nomehluko omkhulu ngosayizi kanye nobudala besikhathi sabantu. Ukukhula okusheshayo ikakhulukazi kwaphawulwa ezinhlanzini ezimhlophe.

Indlela yokuphila yezinhlanzi nendawo yokuhlala

INelma - inhlanzi, kukhiqiza imisindo eqhathaniswa nokugqabuka kwemisila emachibini. Bangethusa abadobi abanolwazi, amplitude kanye nomsindo. Endaweni yokuhanjiswa izinhlanzi zasenyakatho ze-nelma.

Esikhathini esiningi sonyaka ubhukuda ezifundeni ezibandayo zase-Ob, Yenisei, Irtysh, Lena kanye nasogwini lolwandle olwasenyakatho. Into esemqoka ukuthi usawoti wamanzi awudluli i-20 ppm. I-Salmon inyuka imifula ukuze ihlume. Ama-Nelms athuthela endaweni ezansi, agwema ukujula. Izinhlanzi zifika emgqeni wekwindla.

UNelma ugijimela ukuvela emuva kokushonelwa yiqhwa. Ukuya ezindaweni ezinamaphaza, usalimoni ungakhohlwa ukukudla. Izinhlanzi ezincane ziwela ngaphansi “kokushaywa”. AmaNelms aqhuma abe ngamaqoqo awo. Ihlikihla umsila wayo ngamandla, i-heroine yendatshana ihlikihla izisulu. Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inhlanzi ye-nelma ngalesi sikhathi? Njenge-asp. Lezi zakhamizi ezimbili zamanzi ziyefana ngendlela yokuzingela, yokuziphatha.

E-Russia, kuvame ukwenzeka kakhulu ukubona indlela yokuziphatha kwe-nelma ezindaweni zokugcina zaseSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ngaphandle kwezwe, i-whitefish itholakala izidumbu zamanzi eCanada, e-USA. Ngokuyinhloko, noma yimuphi umfula ohlanzekile ongaphesheya kwe-Arctic Circle ulungele i-nelma.

Ukusakazeka kukaNelma

Inqwaba ye-nelma ingena emifuleni isuka ezikhaleni zasolwandle ezisondelene ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, yehlise izinga lokushisa lamanzi, iphakama ngokwengeziwe inkambo ye-nelma. Njengoba sekungenile emfuleni, izinhlanzi zigcinela ukusondela ezansi futhi ziqhubekele phambili kanye nesiteshi. Ngokuhamba okunye eceleni komfula, i-nelma ivame ukukhuphukela phezulu kwamanzi. INelma igwema imisebe namanzi angajulile futhi iphumula kuphela kwizimbobo ezijulile zesiteshi somfula. Endleleni eya ezindaweni zokuhlwayeka, ukugibela umfula, i-nelma ibhubhisa inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi ezincane ezahlukene. Babamba ama-nelma ngemuva kokuvula imifula kuze kube ukuqhuma. Ukusabalala, i-nelma iya olwandle, yize abanye abantu behlala emifuleni isikhathi esithile (kusuka unyaka kuya eminyakeni emithathu) futhi bayofuna ukudla kumachibi ezikhukhula.

Umsoco

INelma ayikudli ukudla kwezitshalo. Incazelo yelma Ngabe yincazelo yomphangi wamaphesenti ayi-100. Ukudla kwamaprotheni kuphela akudlayo kusukela enenyanga eyodwa ubudala. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, lokhu kudla kuxubile, ngoba kunzima ukuthola izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa.

Ukudla kwe-heroine yesihloko kuncike izinhlanzi ze-nelma. Ngenkathi ebhukuda endaweni eyincithakalo yolwandle, udla amanzana amhlophe, umthengisi, ancibilike. Ezinye izinhlobo zasolwandle nazo kufanelekile, zingaphansi kwenhlanzi emhlophe ngosayizi.

Ungena emifuleni, uNelma udla izinhlanzi zasemanzini asemisha, ama-crustaceans, izinambuzane nezibungu zawo. Isisekelo semenyu yi-carp yentsha ne-perch. Ntambama, ngokwemigomo yokondleka, i-whitefish iyazijabulisa, iyazingela ekuseni nakusihlwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, futhi ubambe i-nelma.

Ukubamba i-nelma ebusika

Bamfuna ezinhlanzeni zesihlabathi eduze nenkaba yesiteshi, noma kude nezigodi. Lapho, ama-nelma abamba inhlanzi ethwalwa ngumthamo osheshayo. At ukudoba nelma kubalulekile ukuthi ubheke ukuthi uhlala eme nekhanda lakhe ngokumelene negagasi. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, bahola isiheho. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlekisa.

Nelma Habitats

Inhlanzi yakwaNelma ingesinye sezihlobo eziningi zosaziwayo baseSiberia - om. Kodwa-ke, hhayi ukusondele njengoba, isibonelo, i-chir noma i-whitefish. Esikhundleni salokho, le nhlanzi isiphambano phakathi kwe-om kanye ne-salmon. Isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu sakwaNelma ingumbala omhlophe. Abanye ososayensi baze bahlongoza ukuhlanganisa lezi zinhlanzi ezimbili zibe luhlobo olunye. Kodwa noma kunjalo zihlukile futhi ziyahlukahluka ezindaweni zazo. I-Whitefish ithanda amanzi afudumele nazolile. Ihlala emzileni ophakathi nendawo eningizimu yengxenye yeYurophu yeRussia kanye ne-Urals. Kepha i-nelma iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ngokuphelele. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukhetha amanzi abandayo nanokhahlo, ngakho-ke awafani ncamishi nenhlanzi emhlophe.

Indawo enkulu yezinhlanzi ze-nelma yiSiberia. Uma usuvele wazi okuthile nge-omul nezihlobo zayo, khona-ke leli qiniso kungenzeka ukuthi likumangaze. ISiberia iyipharadesi langempela le-whitefish, futhi nenhlanzi ye-nelma nayo ihlukile. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezihlobo zakhe eziningi, ayikhawulwanga emkhakheni weSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude kuphela. Uma i-om, chir, muksun nokunye okumhlophe kutholakala kuphela emifuleni ehlangene neLake Baikal kanye nolwandle i-Arctic, khona-ke ububanzi bokuhanjiswa kwe-nelma banzi kakhulu.

Le nhlanzi ibuye iphephe emifuleni ehambisana noLwandlekazi lwePacific futhi ngokushesha lokhu kuyabonakala phakathi kwezihlobo zayo eziseduze futhi ezingebona kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, itholakala kwelinye izwekazi. Ngakho-ke izwe lethu alikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokuthi akukho zinhlanzi ezinjenge-nelma kwenye indawo. Kuyatholakala futhi emifuleni yaseCanada nase-United States (Alaska). Kulezi zindawo, isimo sezulu sifana kakhulu nesimo sezulu saseSiberia, kubanda nje futhi kunokhahlo, futhi yilokho kanye okudingekayo.

Uma sikhuluma ngezindawo zokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi ne-nelma ngqo, khona-ke kutholakala cishe kuyo yonke imifula etholakala ngaphesheya kwe-Arctic Circle. Ngasentshonalanga, indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zinhlanzi ikhawulelwe imifula yePona ne-Onega, empumalanga (esivele ikhona ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika) - ngemifula yaseYukon neMackenzie. Kuyiqiniso, akunakushiwo ukuthi izinhlanzi zisatshalaliswa ngokulingene ngaphezulu kwalemithombo, ngokuhlukile. Kwenye indawo kunenqwaba (ngokwesibonelo, emfuleni waseSevernaya Dvina kanye namachibi athile ahlotshaniswa nawo: iZaysan, Norilskoye, Kubenskoe), kodwa endaweni ethile kwenzeka ngokoqobo emakhophi angashadile.

Lokhu kusatshalaliswa okungalingani kuhlotshaniswa nezinto eziningi. Lapha isimo sezulu sidlala indima, esekude kakhulu kufana ezindaweni ezifanayo, nezinhlobo zemifula (okusheshayo noma okuhamba kancane), futhi, yiqiniso, i-ecology.

I-ecology ngokuvamile inethonya elikhulu endaweni yokuhlala ye-nelma. Isibonelo, isigamu seminyaka eyikhulu edlule, sasiningi eMfuleni i-Ob kanye nezinsizakalo zalo, ngokwesibonelo, eBiya, Charysh, Peschanaya, Anui nakwabanye. Futhi-ke i-Ob yavinjulwa yidamu, futhi inani le-nelma lehliswe kayiphindwe kayishumi. Uma ngaphambili lapho, le nhlanzi yabanjwa cishe ngezinga lezimboni, kepha manje kuyadingeka ukugcina ukubanjwa kungaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile, ngoba inani layo selinciphile cishe laya ezingeni elibucayi.

Kungashiwo okufanayo nangeminye imifula yaseSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Kwenye indawo, imbangela yokuncipha kwenani lezinhlanzi ze-nelma kwakuyinkinga yezemvelo, endaweni ethile, izitshalo zamandla kagesi zazifanele ukusolwa, ndawo ndawo, zimane nje zayibamba ngokungalawulwa isikhathi eside. Namuhla, inani le-nelma selinciphile kakhulu kangangokuba ososayensi sebevele beqala ukukhala i-alamu. Kwezinye izindawo, le nhlanzi isivele ivinjelwe ukubamba noma yiziphi izinto.

Uma sikhuluma ngezindawo ezihlala kuzo ama-nelma ngokujwayelekile, khona-ke, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi ubuvele ucabanga, ukhetha imifula, nemifula ithule futhi ibanzi. Akavimbeli amachibi. Abanye ososayensi baze bazame ukuhlukanisa izinhlanzi ze-nelmu zibe ngamaqembu amabili: ichibi-lomfula nomfula, njenge-chir noma muksun. Iqembu elilodwa, ngokulandelana, lihlala emachibini, futhi lihlahlika emifuleni, elinye lihlala futhi likhahlele emfuleni, kodwa ezindaweni ezihlukile. By the way, lesi sici sitholakala kuwo wonke ama-whitefish.

Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezinhlanzi ze-nelma ama-crustaceans, izibungu zezinambuzane, ukuthosa kwezinhlanzi. Kukhona iningi lazo kulezo zingxenye zomfula lapho okwamanje kunganamandla khona. Kungakho izinhlanzi ze-nelma zithanda ukuhlala lapho. Emachibini, ukhetha izindawo eziseduze nezihlahlamba, ngoba ziletha isaladi ngama crustaceans, izibungu nokunye "imikhiqizo".

Kepha i-nelma ihluma kuphela emifuleni. Ekwindla, izinhlanzi ziqoqana ezikoleni futhi ziqale uhambo olude olwandle, lapho amanzi afudumele khona. ICaviar ikhukhulelwa ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi noma indawo enamadwala, bese izinhlanzi ziyabuya. Sekukonke, le ndlela ithatha izinyanga eziyisithupha, ngakho-ke ayiveli minyaka yonke.

Namuhla, inhlanzi ye-nelma ibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi. Udume inyama yakhe emnene enamafutha amaningi. Ngeshwa, lokhu akusizakali ngosayizi wayo. Indawo yale nhlanzi ihamba kancane, futhi ngisho nalapho ihlala ikhona, ayisiyiyo njengoba yayinjalo ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, ukubanjwa kwale nhlanzi kwezinye izindawo kusavunyelwe, yize kunjalo. Futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi unethuba lokuzama le nto.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Ukwazi Umndeni zazo nelma izinhlanzi imele, kungacatshangelwa ukuthi i-heroine yesihloko iyafa ngemuva kokuqhuma. Kodwa-ke, i-whitefish iqhuma amahlandla amaningana empilweni yakhe. Lesi sakamuva kungenxa yobudala benhlanzi, hhayi ukufa. Amaqiniso ambalwa wokunuka ahlotshaniswa nokukhulelwa sekwephuzile nelma:

1. Abesilisa balungele ukuzala okungenani iminyaka emi-5. Abanye baqala ukufaka umquba kubantu besifazane beneminyaka eyi-10 kuphela.
2. Izinsikazi zezinhlobo zilungele ukuhlakazwa eminyakeni engama-2-3.

Okwenzela ukusatshalaliswa, i-nelma idlula imifula ibhekene neyamanje ifinyelela kumakhilomitha ayinkulungwane. Udinga ukuthola ukufinyelela noma ukuchitheka ngedwala phansi. Lapha, insikazi ngayinye ibekela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-80-400. Amafutha akhula kuzo izinsuku ezingama-250.

Fry Nelma ubonakala ngokukhula ngokushesha. Isisindo esingamakhilogremu ayishumi we-whitefish siyanda eminyakeni emi-5. Isikhathi sokuphila kwe-heroine yesihloko yiminyaka engama-25. Inani le-nelma liyancipha. Isizathu esikhulu ukugcwala kweziteshi zamandla kagesi emifuleni lapho kwakudotshwa khona i-whitefish.

Izitshalo zamandla ze-hydroelectric zenza amanzi afudumele futhi abe ngamafu. I-heroine yendatshana, njengoba kukhonjisiwe, ibona kuphela imisakazo ebonakalayo nepholile. Ukunciphisa inani lezindawo zokunwayizela kuholela ekunciphiseni kwabantu bonke.

Ukuqanjwa, okuqukethwe kwekhalori nezakhiwo ezizuzisayo ze-nelma

Ikhalori nge-88 kcal nge-100 g yenyama. Inyama yeNelma iqukethe amaprotheni, amafutha, amanzi kanye ne-Vitamin PP, ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu, i-macroelement chlorine kanye nezinto zokulandela umkhondo: chromium, zinc, molybdenum, fluorine ne-nickel.

Ekudla komtholampilo, izinhlanzi ezinamafutha noma ezinamafutha zisetshenziswa kakhulu, kepha kwezinye izidlo, izinhlanzi ezinamafutha ezinama-protein amaningi ezinjenge-nelma ziyavunyelwa. Amafutha ezinhlanzi alungile ngoba agaywa kalula futhi aqukethe ama-acid amaningi angahlanganisiwe, kufaka phakathi lawo abalulekile emzimbeni womuntu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yamafutha, anika amandla ngokushesha emoyeni ovulekile, emazingeni okushisa aphakeme nasebusweni bokukhanya, inhlanzi libhekwa njengomkhiqizo ongqobekayo futhi ongagugi ngaphansi kwalezi zimo ezingenhla.

Ukubamba i-nelma

Lapho ubamba i-nelma, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi unamahloni futhi uyaqaphela. Izenzo zakhe zokuzivikela zinamandla amakhulu futhi ziqinile. UNelma uyi-rheophile, okungukuthi, uhlala emi emanzini nekhanda lakhe limelene nelamanje. Impilo, idinga amanzi ahlanzekile kuphela namanzi. I-nelma ikhishwe emanzini inephunga njengamakhukhamba amasha. UNelma uyafa ngaphandle kwamanzi emizuzwini nje embalwa futhi ukopha kakhulu ngokusebenzisa amakhethini.

I-nelma ibanjwa kuma-turntable kanye nama-oscillator amakhulu amancanyana, ngokuvamile anombala wesiliva, umbala wefry of smelt noma umthengisi, osetshenziselwa ukondla i-nelma. Ngokuyisisekelo, i-nelma iyabanjwa, njenge-ide endaweni ephakeme naphakathi nendawo ephakeme yamanzi ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-2 ukusuka ebusweni, noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Leli yizinga elijwayelekile lokondla nge-nelma.

Ukudoba kusihlwa kuvame ukuba kubi kunokudoba kwasekuseni. Ukubanjwa kwe-nelma ebusuku akunakwenzeka. Kwesinye isikhathi kubanjwa ntambama, kepha ngezinsuku ezithuleyo namafu. INelma iphikisana ngamandla. Kepha, uma esephonse izinkalo eziningana ezibukhali, uphuma ngaphandle, alale ngohlangothi lwakhe, amvumele ukuba azithwale ngenkani.

Zonke izinhlanzi zezinhlobo ze-salmon zentengiselwano zingaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso okukhethekile, ngakho-ke, ukudotshwa kwe-nelma akuvunyelwe kuzo zonke izindawo eziseningizimu kanye nasenkabeni yeSiberia. Okuhlukile yindawo engasenyakatho yeSiberia, lapho imifelandawonye yezokudoba isetshenziswa kanzima kuyo bese ithengiselwa izwe lonke. Kepha abadobi abaningi base-amateur babamba i-nelma ngokubamba ngenkathi bebamba enye inhlanzi. Kunzima impela ukubamba i-nelma eningizimu yeSiberia ngemishini yezemidlalo - ukuqoqwa kwayo akuphakama njengoba, ezindaweni, lapho kuhlala khona okungapheli, ngokwesibonelo, e-Ob delta. Kulezo zindawo ukudoba nge-nelma kuvunyelwe futhi kungabanjwa ngokuphumelelayo lapho ngokuswayipha.

Ngeshwa, ezikhathini zamuva nje selibe lincane kakhulu emifuleni yaseSiberia naseNyakatho ne-Ural kunangaphambili, futhi hhayi abazingeli kuphela okufanele basolwe, yize benza igalelo elikhulu: babamba kakhulu ama-nelma ngokungalawuleki, futhi kuba nzima kakhulu kubo ukuzalanisa - lapho ungavela khona ngokuphepha, azikho eziningi ezisele. Izitshalo eziningi zamandla kagesi wamanzi zakhiwe emifuleni yeSiberia, futhi abantu badinga ugesi obengeziwe - ingaphezulu kwengxenye yezindawo zokudalwa kwezinhlanzi inqanyuliwe, futhi ezindaweni ezisele amanzi asephenduke angcolile, kepha ama-nelma avele - njengawo wonke ama-salmon - kuphela emanzini ahlanzekile futhi acwebile. Vele, bazama ukuwufuya ngokwezifiso, kepha kuze kube manje akusebenzi kahle kakhulu: i-nelm fry isinda ngokulambisa ekuthunjweni.

Kepha le nhlanzi ingeyezinhlobo zezentengiso ezibalulekile, futhi ivikelwe ngokuqinile: kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuyibamba ngokuzikhandla eRussia - ngokuqondile ngoba isiqalile ukuzala okubi kakhulu, futhi esifundeni esisodwa kuphela - engxenyeni esenyakatho yeSiberia - izingcweti zabadobi zisebenza ngokusemthethweni.Ukubanjwa kwe-nelma kwezinye izindawo kungenzeka kuphela ngokubanjwa kwangaphakathi, lapho ingena inetha nezinye izinhlanzi.

Kungenzeka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze lesi isimo sizoshintsha sibe ngcono, njengoba inyama yale nhlanzi ibonakala ngokuqina okuphezulu, okwenza i-nelma ibe yinto ethembisayo yokulima kwezinhlanzi.

Indlela yokuphila yeNelma

Ukuvela kwe-nelma ngokushesha kwenza kucace ukuthi uphila impilo yokuphinga. AbakwaNelma bajabulele noma iyiphi inhlanzi encane, kungaba ukuthi iyancibilika noma iyathengisela. Inhlanzi ayizingelwa njengama-salmon amaningi. Akafihli, akalindi inyamazane. UFish ukhetha indlela efakazelwe ezomlethela ukudla okuningi. Umhlaseli uhlasela owamanqamu ngamanzi, aqube izikole zezinhlanzi, bese ebadla. Ngezikhathi zokungabi nazinhlanzi, azideleli izinambuzane, ama-crustaceans kanye nezibungu. UNelma uqala ukuzingela eseneminyaka engu-1 yobudala nefry.

Ukuhlakaza i-nelma

Ukuvuthwa emadodeni kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-5, kuthi kwabesifazane kube neminyaka eyi-6. Kwabamele abasenyakatho be-nelma, ukuqala kokushiswa kweqhwa kusho ukuqala kokufuduka isikhathi eside ukuya ezindaweni ezinukayo. Izikole zezinhlanzi ziye ziyothela emaphaketheni kanti amaphesenti angama-70 epakethe angabesifazane. Ukulawulwa kwezinhlanzi akuwona unyaka nonyaka, njengoba indlela elandela ngayo kwesinye isikhathi ifinyelela izinyanga eziyisithupha. Kukhona i-nelma enhla nomfula. Ukululama okusebenzayo kuqala ngoJulayi. Imifula emincane eminingi yaseSiberia yizindawo ezinhle zokusakazeka. Lapho esemfuleni, i-nelma ayeki ukudla. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isifiso sakhe sokudla siyakhula. Izinhlanzi emfuleni zizama ukuhlala eduze nezansi, kancane kancane zikhuphuka ziphakeme. Ukuqhuma kweNelma kwenzeka ngoSepthemba-Okthoba. Izinga lokushisa elifanelekile lokusabalalisa lifinyelela ku-8 degrees Celsius. Indawo kufanele idlule ngokushesha, inetshe noma idwala phansi. Ukuzala kowesifazane kufinyelela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-500. Amaqanda azoba nobusika phakathi kwamatshe bese kuthi ku-fry entwasahlobo kuphume kuwo. Ukukhula kukaNelma kushesha impela. Ngemuva kokushiya amaqanda, iduna liqala ukuzondla ngentshiseko kwizibungu nezinambuzane ezinamaphiko. Isikhathi sokukhula, indlela odla ngayo inyamazane iyashintsha. Uhamba ayodla ukudla. Ngemuva kokusaphaza, amasampula e-semi-passage aya olwandle ukuyokondla. Kepha kunezikhathi lapho izinhlanzi zihlala emfuleni iminyaka eminingana futhi zihlala kanye namanzi amhlophe asemfuleni.

Izinhlanzi ezihlala emfuleni zigeleza ziye phezulu. Ehlwitheka, weqa phansi. Ilungiselela izindawo ngenkambo emnene, ngoba inokudla okuningi. Ukuze uthole okwanele kwalesi sidlakela esikhulu, udinga ukudla okuningi okunempilo.

Umjikelezo wempilo nelma

Umjikelezo wempilo we-semi-breech nelma ufana nabamele umndeni wakhe. Kubonakala emaqandeni asemfuleni ongenhla, i-fry izokondla ngentshiseko futhi ikhule. UMalek uzohlala iminyaka embalwa elandelayo emfuleni, khona-ke umgwaqo wakhe uzoqala echibini noma olwandle ngokukhula okwengeziwe, ukuthuthukiswa nokondla. Eminyakeni engu-4-5 elandelayo, inhlanzi izophila emanzini, nosawoti ungabi ngaphezu kwama-20 ppm. Lapho inhlanzi ifika ekuvuthweni, amaduna nezinsikazi ziqala uhambo olude oluya emifuleni ukuze ziqhume. Njengoba esephambukele emaqenjini amakhulu, izinhlanzi zizothatha uhambo olungadonsa izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ukufika endaweni yokunwebeka, izinsikazi zizoqala ukuphonsa amaqanda amancane. Abanye abantu bayohlala emfuleni iminyaka eminingana, kepha inqwaba yezinhlanzi iwele futhi ibuyele olwandle. I-Caviar ifakwa phakathi kwamatshe, kanti entwasahlobo igobela elincane elikhazimulayo liyophuma kulo. IFry izokhula emfuleni kuze kube yiminyaka engama-2-3, bese iya olwandle ukuyondla. Izinhlanzi ezingene olwandle zizokhula futhi, lapho sezifinyelele ekuvuthweni, ziya ezindaweni lapho kwakuphume khona amaqanda. Isikhathi sokuphila se-nelma sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20. Inhlanzi ivela cishe izikhathi ezingama-6-8 ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo futhi bayenza ngokuhamba kweminyaka eyi-1-2.

Izindlela zokubamba i-nelma

Lapho udoba i-nelma, umuntu kufanele acabangele isici sokuthi le nhlanzi inyamazane, kepha kunalokho inamahloni futhi iyaqapha. Udla izinhlanzi ezincane: uncibilike, u-roach, u-char. I-Bait kufanele ikhethwe ngokuya ngezinketho zokudla kwezinhlanzi. Kufanele ubambe i-nelma ekuseni, maningi amathuba okukuluma. Ebusuku, alikho ithuba lokubamba inyamazane. Ukudoba kwasemini kuzophumelela uma isimo sezulu sinamafu futhi sizolile. Kungcono ukukhetha igiya lokuphotha nge-elcillating lure ne-inertialess reel. Induku kufanele ibe lula ngomugqa wokudoba ufike ku-0,5 mm. Isipuni kufanele sihole ungqimba olungaphezulu lwamanzi, ngoba i-nelma idla lapho. Phezu kwamanzi, kuzoba seithi elimnyama, futhi ezingxenyeni eziphakathi zamanzi, okuthile okukhanyayo, okukhumbuza ukudla kwayo, kuzokwenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho okufuze okufuywayo, i-nelma ijabule ukunaka i-bait bukhoma. Ungasebenzisa amaqanda ezinye izinhlanzi noma inhlanzi oyithandayo ye-nelma: uncibilike futhi ubambe.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ungabamba inhlanzi uma ilambile bese iyizingela yona. Akuwenzi mqondo ukulinda i-nelm. Ukuthola lapho inhlanzi ingekho khona kunzima kumdobi. Uyaphapha, amangele inhlanzi abese eyidla. I-Splash imvama kakhulu. ISpinner kufanele iphonswe maphakathi neroli ngesilinganiso samamitha ayi-15. INelma akuyona enye yalaba bantu abahlaseli abazobamba ngesipuni ngomdlandla. Ngokuvamile ukuluma kwakhe kubonakala kancane. Kufanele ukopishe izinhlanzi ngokushesha, njengoba imizuzwana yokuqala ngemuva kokuluma, ingahamba. Othukile ngeke akubone ukumelana. UNelma ngeke alwe ngamandla futhi alahle isipuni. Umdobi kufanele alethe izinhlanzi ngokucophelela futhi azithathe ngosizo lwetha.

Ukudoba usalimoni kubeke inani lezinhlobo eziningi ezisengozini futhi i-nelma nayo iyahlukile. Ukudoba ama-predator kuvinjelwe ezingxenyeni eziningi zeSiberia, ngaphandle kwasenyakatho. Kusezifundeni ezisenyakatho ezihlukanisiwe zaseSiberia lapho ukudoba okuyinhloko kwale nhlanzi eqinile kwenzeka khona.

Inani lesisu le-nelma

INelma yinhlanzi emangalisayo emamatheka njengamakhukhamba amasha ngemuva kokudoba. Lokhu kungenxa yamanzi ahlala kuyo inhlanzi. UNelma uhlala kuphela emanzini acacile, angenamanzi. Uma amanzi engcoliswa, inhlanzi izoshiya indawo yazo yokuhlala. Indlela yokuphila kaNelma nendawo ayehlala kuyo yenza inyama yakhe yahlanzeka ngokuphelele. Inhlanzi ayinazinambuzane futhi ingadliwa iluhlaza. Ukunambitheka kwenyama kubushelelezi kakhulu. INelma cishe ayinawo amathambo.

Inani le-gma ye-nelma ukuthi le nhlanzi iqukethe ama-micronutrients amaningi, amavithamini kanye namaminerali. Inyama inothile ngamavithamini E kanye neqembu B. Iprotheni yezinhlanzi is digestible, yingakho i-nelma iyindlela enhle yokudla okungenamsoco. Ukwakheka kwenyama ngesilinganiso esifanele kuqukethe amafutha nama-amino acid, adingekayo umzimba okhulayo wezingane.

INelma yinhlanzi endala kunayo yonke, ebhalwe kwiBhuku eliBomvu ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia. Ukudoba kulesi silwane esinamandla kuvunyelwe kuphela eNyakatho yeSiberia. Inhlanzi enkulu, enamandla, eqinile iyoba indondo efanele umdobi uma inenhlanhla eyanele yokubamba inyamazane.

Ukuziphatha kwesizini

Ngokuvulwa kwemifula eqandeni, izixuku zabantu abavuthiwe ziqala ukusuka e-Arctic Circle ziye ezindaweni ezinamaphaza. Ehlobo lonke, zihamba ziye phezulu, zondla isisindo. Ukuhamba okukhulu kwezinhlanzi emifuleni kugcinwa maphakathi no-Julayi.

NgoSepthemba, bafinyelela eningizimu-empumalanga yeSiberia, lapho bemisa khona ukusaba imifula emincane eminingi, begcina phansi. UNelma, ohlala emachibini angaphakathi, uchitha yonke impilo yakhe kubo, futhi uphaphaza kwezentela.

Ngemuva kokuqhekeka, iyazondla kuze kufike ehlobo elilandelayo bese kancane kancane ifinyelela olwandle. Abanye abantu bangahlala kule duct kuze kube iminyaka emi-3. Intsha ihlala emifuleni eqabulayo iminyaka engama-2-3, bese yehlela emzimbeni omkhulu wamanzi.

Isimo sokuphepha

INelma ingaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso ngenxa yokwehla ngokushesha kwesibalo sabantu. Kuqala, yayifakwe ohlwini lwezincwadi ezibomvu zezifunda lapho ihlala khona, kwathi ngo-2001 yayivele ibhukwini elibomvu laseRussia. Ngakho-ke, ukudoba ezimbonini nase-amateur zaloluhlobo kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele esifundeni esiphakathi neseningizimu yeSiberia.

Inani elilinganiselwe lokudoba kwalo livunyelwe ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, lapho kukhiqizwa khona ngokubambisana ngamabhizinisi omfelandawonye abathola ilayisense.

Inani lezinhlanzi nokusetshenziswa kwalo

INelma yizinhlobo zezentengiselwano ezibalulekile futhi enenyama esezingeni eliphakeme. I-100 g yezinhlanzi iqukethe i-160 kcal. Ekubunjweni kwezakhi eziyinhloko kuphela kunamaprotheni namafutha anama-asidi amaningi we-polyunsaturated. Lezi zokugcina zilusizo olukhulu emzimbeni - zenza ngokwejwayelekile i-lipid metabolism, zisuse i-cholesterol "embi", futhi, ngakho-ke, zifaka isandla ekuvinjelweni kwezifo zenhliziyo futhi zivikele ukwakheka kwama-cholesterol plaques.

Futhi ekwakhiweni kukhona i-vitamin D encibilikayo, edingekayo ukumuncwa kwe-calcium, ngokuntuleka kwevithamini engcupheni yokukhula kwama-rickets. Abantu bomdabu baseNyakatho Ekude abangenayo imisebe ye-ultraviolet, okungukuthi, usebenzisa i-salmon, benzela ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin D emzimbeni.

Kwamaminerali, ucebile ku-chlorine, isibabule kanye ne-fluorine. Futhi ngikhona - i-zinc, i-molybdenum, i-nickel, i-chromium, kusuka kumavithamini - i-nicotinic acid noma i-Vitamin PP.

Ekuphekeni, kufanele kubhekelwe ukwelashwa okushisa okuphelele. Ukudla i-cuisine yaseJapan, lapho kwesinye sezithako izinhlanzi ezintsha, kungaphephile empilweni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-nelma itheleleke nge-helminth - iribhoni ebanzi engahlala emathunjini omuntu ne-nanophytosis - ama-roundworms akhetha ukuhlala emathunjini amancane. Lokhu kudala imbangela yesifo sohudo isikhathi eside ngokulahleka okukhulu koketshezi kanye nezakhi zomzimba. Izibungu zama-roundworms zingavusa ukukhula kwezilonda zamathumbu.

INelma inambitha ngohlobo oluthosiwe, olubilisiwe, olubhakwe nolubhemayo. Umhluzi wezinhlanzi ukhilimu uhambe kahle.

Ukukhula nokuzalela

Ukuze bandise inani labantu, bazama ukuzala ngenkani ama-nelma. Kepha kuze kube manje, ochwepheshe abayitholanga impumelelo enkulu, ngoba i-fry ngamanani amakhulu ifa ekudingisweni. Kuze kube manje, abukho ngisho ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi endaweni yokufakelwa.

Ngekhulu lama-20, ososayensi bakha izincomo zokukhulisa i-nelma, kodwa izingane zanda emachibini nasezichibini ezinezisekelo zemvelo ziklabishi. Kamuva, kakade ngo-2009-2010, kwaba nemizamo yokuqhubeka nomsebenzi, kepha bekuyivivinyo ngokwemvelo.

Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa kwezindawo ezinwebekayo nezindawo zokuhlala ze-nelma kubaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni abantu bakhona.

INelma iyisampula ebalulekile yokwalusa nokudoba, ihlala kuphela ezindlini ezihlanzekile, ngoba ayikubekezeleli ukungcoliswa. Inhlanzi inambitheka omuhle kakhulu, futhi abadobi beqiniso abathanda ubunzima nokugembula bazothola injabulo engenakuchazwa kule nqubo.

Ungapheka kanjani i-nelma

Embuzweni kanjani ukupheka nelma, kubalulekile ukucubungula usongo oludalwa yinyama ye-gourmet. Ngaphandle kokulashwa okushisa okwanele nge-whitefish, iribhoni ebanzi ingangena emzimbeni womuntu. Lesi sibungu se-parasite sifinyelela kubude bamamitha ayi-12.

Enyameni ye-nelma, i-nanophyteosis nayo ingafihlwa. Lokhu kuyisiyingi, hhayi i-tapeworm. I-nanophyteosis ihlala emathunjini amancane, ibangele isifo sohudo. Izibungu ze-roundworm zibizwa ngama-anisahides.

INelma inhlanzi emnandi kakhulu

Bacasula ukuthuthukiswa kwesilonda se-peptic. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ugweme, isibonelo, i-sushi ene-nelma. Ukupheka kubandakanya ukungabi bikho kokulashwa okushisa kwenyama. Nelma ku zokupheka ukubheja on, uma udinga ukwanelisa isidlo nge ujusi. Ngesikhathi sokupheka, amafutha ancibilika ezinhlanzini ezimhlophe.

INelma inosawoti, ibhakwe, ithosiwe, ingezwe kumasobho. Enguqulweni yokugcina, ukuhlanganiswa komhluzi ngekhilimu kufanelekile. Njengoba ubangeze kanye nemifino evuthiwe, omama baletha indishi ezingeni lokudlela. I-Lemon isetshenziselwa futhi ukuhlobisa isobho senhlanzi ye-nelma, kepha i-zest kumele idilizwe ukuze umhluzi ungaqali ukubabaza.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inhlanzi

Ungowomndeni we-salmon, kepha inyama imhlophe, hhayi ebomvu. Imifula enjengeYenisei, i-Irtysh, i-Ob neLena acocekile ekubambeni, njengoba inhlanzi iyakwazi ukudlula futhi ifuduka lapho iyophuma. Ngokungafani namanye ama-salmonids, ayinayo izindawo ezimnyama zokuphuhla umbala.

Incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlanzi ze-nelm:

• Ubukhulu ngokuvamile abudluli amamitha owodwa nesigamu
• Isikali esikhulu sesiliva
• Umzimba o-Torpedo obunjiwe, obushelelezi eduze ne-axis evundlile
• Umhlathi ophansi ubonakala ubude obude kunaphezulu
• Ukuba khona kwamafutha

Ukukhula ngokushesha, isikhathi sokuphila iminyaka engama-20. Abesifazane nabesilisa bahlukile kancane komunye nomunye, umbala wokumatanisa nawo awubizwa. Ibonakala kakhulu emadodeni ngesimo sokukhula kweshubhu emzimbeni nasekhanda.

Izinhlobo

Izindawo ezimbili ezingaphansi kwazo zihlukaniswa endaweni yokuhlala: i-whitefish yangempela, etholakala olwandle lweCaspian, kanye ne-nelma yangempela, ehlala emanzini abandayo emilonyeni yemifula yasenyakatho.

Umuntu wokuqala uthanda amanzi afudumele futhi ubonakala ngosayizi omncane, yize ukubukeka kufana. Ngobude, ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,3, futhi ngesisindo mayelana namakhilogremu angama-20.

Ukudla

Ngendlela inhlanzi ebukeka ngayo, ungakuqonda ukuthi ingumhlaseli wamaphesenti ayikhulu. Noma iyiphi inhlanzi encane ilungele ukuzingela (smelt, vendace, njll). Ukuhamba uye ekuqhakazeni, endleleni yayo kubhubhisa inani elikhulu lezikole zezinto ezincane, zibamangaze ngosizo lwezezimali nokuzidla.

Ayizideleli izibungu, izinambuzane, ama-crustaceans. Kakade i-Fry yanyanga eyodwa ubudala ivame ukujabulela izinhlanzi eziningi ezincane.

Isikhathi sokuhlanza

I-caviar emhlophe emincane incane futhi ngamanani amakhulu. Ngesikhathi, uphonsa amaqanda angaba ngu-150 kuye kwangama-400. Ukhetha ngokucophelela indawo yokujikijela, kuphela amanzi okugeza ahlanzekile anamazinga okushisa angaba ngu-5 degrees Celsius.

Ukugwema amanzi angajulile, kuhamba kuphela esiteshini. Ukufuduka okukhulu kakhulu okusheshayo kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zehlobo.

Qaphela!

Izinhlobo

Izindawo ezimbili ezingaphansi kwazo zihlukaniswa endaweni yokuhlala: i-whitefish yangempela, etholakala olwandle lweCaspian, kanye ne-nelma yangempela, ehlala emanzini abandayo emilonyeni yemifula yasenyakatho.

Umuntu wokuqala uthanda amanzi afudumele futhi ubonakala ngosayizi omncane, yize ukubukeka kufana. Ngobude, ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,3, futhi ngesisindo mayelana namakhilogremu angama-20.

Ukudla

Ngendlela inhlanzi ebukeka ngayo, ungakuqonda ukuthi ingumhlaseli wamaphesenti ayikhulu. Noma iyiphi inhlanzi encane ilungele ukuzingela (smelt, vendace, njll). Ukuhamba uye ekuqhakazeni, endleleni yayo kubhubhisa inani elikhulu lezikole zezinto ezincane, zibamangaze ngosizo lwezezimali nokuzidla.

Ayizideleli izibungu, izinambuzane, ama-crustaceans. Kakade i-Fry yanyanga eyodwa ubudala ivame ukujabulela izinhlanzi eziningi ezincane.

Isikhathi sokuhlanza

I-caviar emhlophe emincane incane futhi ngamanani amakhulu. Ngesikhathi, uphonsa amaqanda angaba ngu-150 kuye kwangama-400. Ukhetha ngokucophelela indawo yokujikijela, kuphela amanzi okugeza ahlanzekile anamazinga okushisa angaba ngu-5 degrees Celsius.

Ukugwema amanzi angajulile, kuhamba kuphela esiteshini. Ukufuduka okukhulu kakhulu okusheshayo kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zehlobo.

Qaphela!

Esithombeni, inhlanzi ye-nelma ibukeka imangalisa, futhi isikhathi esifanayo esimangazayo siyadingeka ukuze inzalo ivele. Isici esiyingqayizivele ukuthi asikaze siqhamuke kwi-algae eminyene - amaqanda avuthwe phakathi kwamatshe amakhulu. Ezinsukwini ezingama-250 ngemuva kokuphonsa, kuqhamuka amawundlu.

Ukudla njengokudla

Cabanga ngezinzuzo nokulimazeka kwezinhlanzi ze-nelma. Kunezindlela eziningi zokupheka emhlabeni wezokudla komhlaba nokusetshenziswa kwawo:

• Amafutha afakwe emifino
• Inkambo yokuqala (indlebe)
• Ubilisiwe namazambane

Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinambuzane, kuvunyelwe ukuyisebenzisa eluhlaza, okuyinto ejwayelekile ekudleni okuphathelene nolimi. Inyama enempilo nenempilo inama-protein, amavithamini A, E, PP, B, kanye ne phosphorus, calcium, zinc, iron, selenium.

Kuzoba yinto yokudlela efanelekayo kulabo abaphethe ukudla, ngoba inokuqukethwe kwekhalori okuphansi. Umphumela olimazayo cishe awunakwenzeka, kepha kufanele uqaphele abantu abakhule ngokwenziwe. Kulokhu, akuvamile ukuthi kwondliwe nokuthi zigcinwa kuphi.

Kuphi

Izinhlanzi zeNelma zingezinhlobo "zasenyakatho". Isikhathi esiningi baphila:

• ezindaweni eziphansi zemifula ebandayo enamanzi aseSiberia naseFar East (iYenisei, i-Ob, iLena, i-Irtysh, njll.),
• emachibini aphakathi nezwe
• ezindaweni ezinqunyelwe olwandle olwasenyakatho.

Emanzini olwandle asogwini lapho kutholakala khona i-nelma, usawoti awudluli kuma-20 ppm. Izinhlanzi ezihlwayelayo ziyakhuphuka, zinqoba inkambo yemifula. Ihamba isondele ezansi, igwema amanzi angaphezulu namanzi angajulile.

Izinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu ze-nelma, ezihlukaniswa yindawo yazo yokuhlala, ziyaziwa: i-whitefish (endaweni efudumele yoLwandle lweCaspian) ne-nelma yangempela (imifula enezinga lokushisa eliphansi eligelezela oLwandle i-Arctic).

Ngaphandle kwensimu yaseRussia, i-nelma ihlala nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho ze-USA neCanada. Noma yimuphi umzimba wamanzi anamanzi ahlanzekile ngaphansi kwesiyingi se-polar - izimo ezifanelekileyo zokuhlala kwezinhlobo.

Izinzuzo zomzimba

I-Nelma fillet inamafutha, iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi nama-amino acid adingekayo emzimbeni womuntu. Ngaphezu kokudla okunempilo, futhi kucebile ngezinto ezisebenzisekayo zokulandela umkhondo namavithamini, kufaka phakathi:

• phosphorus
• potaziyamu
• calcium
• selenium
• i-magnesium
• i-sodium
• iodine
• Amavithamini e-B-group (B6, B9, B12), E, ​​PP, njll.

Okuqukethwe kwekalori okuyi-100 g yomkhiqizo - amakhalori ayi-160. UFillet uthathwa kalula futhi ngokushesha umzimba umunwa. Ngoba kuvunyelwe ukungena ekudleni kwabantu asebekhulile noma kulabo abathola ukugula.

Ezokuphepha

Zonke izinhlanzi zezinhlobo ze-salmon zentengiselwano zingaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso okukhethekile, ngakho-ke, ukudotshwa kwe-nelma akuvunyelwe kuzo zonke izindawo eziseningizimu kanye nasenkabeni yeSiberia. Okuhlukile yindawo engasenyakatho yeSiberia, lapho imifelandawonye yezokudoba isetshenziswa kanzima kuyo bese ithengiselwa izwe lonke. Kepha abadobi abaningi base-amateur babamba i-nelma ngokubamba ngenkathi bebamba enye inhlanzi. Kunzima impela ukubamba i-nelma eningizimu yeSiberia ngemishini yezemidlalo - ukuqoqwa kwayo akuphakama njengoba, ezindaweni, lapho kuhlala khona okungapheli, ngokwesibonelo, e-Ob delta. Kulezo zindawo ukudoba nge-nelma kuvunyelwe futhi kungabanjwa ngokuphumelelayo lapho ngokuswayipha.

Ngeshwa, ezikhathini zamuva nje selibe lincane kakhulu emifuleni yaseSiberia naseNyakatho ne-Ural kunangaphambili, futhi hhayi abazingeli kuphela okufanele basolwe, yize benza igalelo elikhulu: babamba kakhulu ama-nelma ngokungalawuleki, futhi kuba nzima kakhulu kubo ukuzalanisa - lapho ungavela khona ngokuphepha, azikho eziningi ezisele. Izitshalo eziningi zamandla kagesi wamanzi zakhiwe emifuleni yeSiberia, futhi abantu badinga ugesi obengeziwe - ingaphezulu kwengxenye yezindawo zokudalwa kwezinhlanzi inqanyuliwe, futhi ezindaweni ezisele amanzi asephenduke angcolile, kepha ama-nelma avele - njengawo wonke ama-salmon - kuphela emanzini ahlanzekile futhi acwebile. Vele, bazama ukuwufuya ngokwezifiso, kepha kuze kube manje akusebenzi kahle kakhulu: i-nelm fry isinda ngokulambisa ekuthunjweni. Kepha le nhlanzi ingeyezinhlobo zezentengiso ezibalulekile, futhi ivikelwe ngokuqinile: kwenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukuyibamba ngokuzikhandla eRussia - ngokuqondile ngoba isiqalile ukuzala okubi kakhulu, futhi esifundeni esisodwa kuphela - engxenyeni esenyakatho yeSiberia - izingcweti zabadobi zisebenza ngokusemthethweni. Ukubanjwa kwe-nelma kwezinye izindawo kungenzeka kuphela ngokubanjwa kwangaphakathi, lapho ingena inetha nezinye izinhlanzi.

Kungenzeka ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze lesi isimo sizoshintsha sibe ngcono, njengoba inyama yale nhlanzi ibonakala ngokuqina okuphezulu, okwenza i-nelma ibe yinto ethembisayo yokulima kwezinhlanzi.

Ukukhetha induku

Uma sikhuluma ngokuxubha, akudingekile ukusebenzisa okunamandla. Njengoba i-nelma ingamelana kakhulu, ngisho nokugqama okukhanyayo ngeke kuqhume lapho kudlalwa. Vele uyibambe ezinkanjini. Kepha, kunjalo, kufanele ucabangele isisindo sesimo lapho ubamba khona. Uma lokhu kuyinhlanzi enkulu ye-trophic, khona-ke isigaba senduku sizobe sesiphakathi.

Njengoba ungeke ukwazi ukuyofuna le nhlanzi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esifanele, ukulungiselela ngokucophelela kuyadingeka, udinga ukuthatha izinduku eziningana. Ukukhanya okukodwa kuqhakaza ngokuhlolwa kwama-7-14 amagremu, okuphakathi ngokulingana nokuhlolwa kwama-10-25 amagremu futhi okunamandla - isivivinyo esifinyelela kuma-60 amagremu. Ubude kufanele futhi buhluke. Ngakho-ke ukuba nezinduku eziningana zokuphotha kuyinto eyimfuneko. Ngemuva kwakho konke, izindawo azidumile kakhulu, ukudoba kwenziwa ezindaweni zokugcina ezingaziwa, kufanele uhlome ngokuphelele.

Indlela yesibili yokubhaka

Ukupheka izinhlanzi ezimhlophe kungaba lula, ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kwama-frills. Isibonelo, nansi iresiphi.

- izinhlanzi ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwekhilogremu (amakhilomitha angamakhulu amabili noma amakhilomitha angamakhulu amathathu),

- kvass - ingilazi eyodwa nengxenye,

- ukhukhamba wamakhukhamba - ingilazi eyodwa nengxenye,

- Amagremu angama-250 wamakhowe

- Amagremu ayi-100 ebhotela.

Inhlanzi enesisindo esingaphezu kwekhilogremu (amakhilogremu amabili noma amakhilogremu angamakhulu amathathu), - kvass - izinkomishi eyodwa nesigamu, - ukhukhamba ikhukhamba - izinkomishi eyodwa nesigamu, - 250 amagremu amakhowe ethosiwe, - 100 amagremu bhotela.

Isilonda

Njengoba ama-nozzles esebenzisa izinketho ezahlukahlukene, ukunambitheka komdobi, okungukuthi:

• isipikili sesiliva esivelele
• ukusakazwa
• amaqhude.

Kunconywa ukuthatha ama-spinner osayizi aphakathi, ngoba i-nelma inomlomo omncane, kepha ibamba inyamazane emzimbeni wonke.

Iseluleko! Umehluko ekubambeni le nhlanzi ukuthi ama-laure nokunamathiselwe kwawo - izindandatho, ama-swivels, njll - kumele kube kuncane, kepha kuqinile isikhathi eside.

Kunconywa ukuba unamathisele ibheyithi ekuvuthweni, ngoba esikhundleni se-nelma ingabanjwa yinqola, eyaziwa ngendlela yokuloba olayini.

Isaladi

Izinhlanzi ezimhlophe ezinosawoti ezimuncu zingafakwa etafuleni lokugcoba esigabeni sesinkwa esimnyama nebhotela - indishi ibukeka imangazayo. Kepha izinhlanzi ezinosawoti esitolo zizobiza inani elihle. Kungcono kakhulu futhi kushibhile ukuyipheka ekhishini lakho.

Ungalukhetha kanjani u-whitefish? Ukuze wenze lokhu, uzodinga:

• Isidumbu esisodwa senhlanzi (esiswini, esikhonjiwe, esinamaphiko nekhanda).
• I-peas engu-5-7 yepelepele emnyama.
• Usawoti noma isipuni se-spice esenziwe ngomumo sokufaka usawoti enhlanzini.
• Amacembe ama-bay amabili.

Vula isidumbu bese usigcoba ngosawoti. Omama abanokuhlangenwe nakho banquma inani lomxube kasawoti ngeso. Othile onjengezinhlanzi unosawoti owengeziwe, kanti omunye ukhetha usawoti. Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-whitefish kumele ifafazwe nge-pepper emnyama emhlabathini. Ngaphakathi kwesidumbu sifaka amaqabunga e-bay kanye nama-peppercorns. Sifaka izinhlanzi esitsheni esikhulu. Khetha isivalo esincane bese ubeka ngaphezulu. Uzodinga nokufaka ukucindezelwa ethangini.

Amahora ambalwa, isitsha sezinhlanzi sisekhishini (kufudumele), bese sihlanza amahora ayi-6- 10 esiqandisini. Kungcono ukufaka usawoti enhlanzini emhlophe ebusuku, khona-ke ekuseni uyoba nenhlanzi enosawoti eyenziwe ngomumo etafuleni lakho.

I-Whitefish ebhakwe kusoso ukhilimu omuncu kanye negalikhi eneqabunga leklabishi

Kule iresiphi, inhlanzi emhlophe, ngendlela, ingathathelwa indawo nganoma iyiphi inhlanzi enenyama emhlophe enamafutha, kodwa kungcono, Yiqiniso, ukugcina isethi yokuqala yezithako.

Ukuhanjiswa okujwayelekile okubili kufanele kuthathwe:

• ifuleti elincane elimhlophe, cishe amagremu angama-400,
• amaqabunga amakhulu eklabishi elimhlophe - izingcezu ezi-4,
• Amagremu angama-200 kokhilimu onamafutha (21%) ukhilimu omuncu,
• 2 amabhisikidi aphakathi kagalikhi,
• dill kancane, amagremu angu-50,
• isigamu sebhitishi ngosayizi wenqindi,
• 2 wezipuni ze-caviar ebomvu,
• usawoti kanye nopelepele ukunambitha futhi uzikhethela.

Zokupheka zokupheka

Yize izinhlanzi zivinjelwe, akekho ophephile ekubanjweni kwayo ngengozi. Uma udedela indondo emanzini, akunakwenzeka ngenxa yokulimala okukhona ngesikhathi sokulahla noma ukuluma. Akukho okusalayo ngaphandle kokuthola izindlela zokupheka kwezinhlanzi ezimhlophe.

Inyama yenhlanzi inambitha ngokweqile futhi inempilo, esinye sezitsha ezingalungiswa kuso.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo iresiphi

• inhlanzi (inhloko, umsila, amaphiko, amathambo) 0.5 kg
• 6 amazambane amancane
• anyanisi 2govki amancane
• 1 isanqante
• I-peas ezi-7 zepepper ebunjiwe, iqabunga le-bay 3 ama-PC
• isixha dill
• usawoti ukunambitha

1. Sihlanza izinhlanzi esikalini, gutting, sihlukanisa ikhanda, umsila, sinqume indle. Kusuka enhlanzini yenyama kuyinto enhle kakhulu.
2. Sisusa amagilebhisi ekhanda, sibeka ikhanda, umsila, amathambo epanini elijulile.
3. Gcwalisa amalitha ama-3 wamanzi abandayo, usawoti bese usetha ukubila ngokushisa okuphansi kuze kubonakale Foam.
4. Susa amagwebu, uthele upelesi wokuthosa, i-lavrushka, u-anyanisi owodwa, upheke imizuzu engama-30.
5. Sithatha izithasiselo ezivela kumhluzi, ungafafaza ngesihlungo bese ufaka u-anyanisi ochotshoziwe, amazambane abikiwe kanye izaqathi. Pheka ukushisa okuphansi ngaphansi kwesembozo imizuzu engama-20.
6. Imifino egezwe kahle futhi eqoshiwe kahle, uyihlobise isobho elichithwe izingxenye zalo ngamapuleti.

I-Baked Whitefish

Inhlanzi ebanjiwe noma ethengiwe ingabhakwa ku-foil kusetshenziswa kuhhavini noma amalahle omlilo, isikhathi sokupheka yihora eli-1 nehora le-10 imizuzu. I-86 kcal nge-100 gr. Ngale ndlela, inhlanzi imnandi kakhulu.

• isidumbu 850 gr
• izithelo zikalamula
• ugarlic 2 ama-clove
• anyanisi 2 ama-PC. (usayizi ngamunye amateur)
• amafutha e-olive 3 tbsp. indawo yokuhlala (ingashintshwa ngemifino)
• utamatisi, upelepele wensimbi 1 pc.
• isanqante esiphakathi 2
• ukunambitha izinhlanzi ezinhlanzi
• ingcosana kasawoti, mhlawumbe ulwandle.
• imifino (iparsley noma dill)

Udinga ukupheka ngokunambitheka

1. Hlanza, gut, hashaza bese womisa kancane ngethawula.
2. Sika ulamula lube ngama-halves amabili bese ukhonkotha eyodwa endebeni. Ngomshini wokugaya u-garlic, engeza ugarliki ku-ujusi, engeza usawoti kanye ne-wake. Hlanganisa kahle nenhlanganisela ngesineke inhlanganisela nenhlanzi, shiya u-marine imizuzu engama-30.
3. Izaqathe ezihlanjiwe futhi zakhanywa, zaba yimibuthano, u-anyanisi, ikota yezindandatho, otshani bepelepele. Shisisa i-pan yokuthosa ngamafutha nemifino ye-saute. Faka imikhiqizo ethosiwe kusawoti futhi ipholile.
4. Sika utamatisi bese uhhafu ulamula ungene emasongweni.
5. Phansi kwesitsha, beka isitsha sokubhaka enomugqa osongelwe ngesigamu sephepha lika-foil okwenele ukugoqa inhlanzi. Lubricate ngamafutha.
6. Yenza ukusikeka okuningana ohlangothini lwesidumbu sokufaka ukugxusha nge-anyanisi notamatisi. Faka okungekho ekhasini lokubhaka ngalo lonke uhlangothi. Faka isisu esiswini, ushintshana ngezingcezu zikatamatisi nezolamula. Beka imifino efakwe ngaphezulu. Namathisela ulamula notamatisi osele ekunweni.
7. Fafaza imifino egeziwe futhi eshwabene ngaphezulu kwenhlanzi. Songa imiphetho eshidi, uvale isidumbu bese ubeka ehovini noma emalahleni, imizuzu engaba ngu-30. Qiniseka ukuthi awukho umlilo omkhulu.

Ukulandelana kwezenzo

Hlanza inhlanzi esikhunjeni, ukhiphe amathambo nokufakwa ngaphakathi. Bese uyinqume ngesigamu uze uqhamuke, njengebhuku, ohlangothini lwangemuva luphezulu. Ishidi lokubhaka kufanele ligcotshwe ngebhotela elithambile bese ubeka inhlanzi kulo. Preheat kuhhavini ube ngu-180-200 degrees Celsius bese ubeka i-whitefish lapho.

Isitsha silungiswa kuze kuqhamuke kuqweqwe lwegolide. Ungahlola isilinganiso sokulungiswa ngezipho - inyama kufanele ibe namanzi, kepha isivele ibhakwe. Bese uthele i-brine ne-kvass eshidini lokubhaka, usakaze amakhowe anamafutha ngaphezulu kwenhlanzi bese ubila ngaphansi kwesivalo kuze kuphekwe. Lokho kungenye imizuzu engu-10-15.

Ngaphambi kokukhonza, kuvunyelwe ukuhlobisa isidlo ngamakhambi namakhowe, uthele ngaphezulu kwe-kvass kanye ne-brine sauce. Ungahlola ifomu elisebenzayo, ngokwesibonelo, kwipuleti ejulile. Thokozela ukudla kwakho!

Hlanza inhlanzi esikhunjeni, ukhiphe amathambo nokufakwa ngaphakathi. Bese uyinqume ngesigamu uze uqhamuke, njengebhuku, ohlangothini lwangemuva luphezulu. Ishidi lokubhaka kufanele ligcotshwe ngebhotela elithambile bese ubeka inhlanzi kulo. Preheat kuhhavini ube ngu-180-200 degrees Celsius bese ubeka i-whitefish lapho.

Isitsha silungiswa kuze kuqhamuke kuqweqwe lwegolide. Ungahlola isilinganiso sokulungiswa ngezipho - inyama kufanele ibe namanzi, kepha isivele ibhakwe. Bese uthele i-brine ne-kvass eshidini lokubhaka, usakaze amakhowe anamafutha ngaphezulu kwenhlanzi bese ubila ngaphansi kwesivalo kuze kuphekwe. Lokho kungenye imizuzu engu-10-15.

• I-contraindication eyinhloko yokudla i-nelma komzimba walolu hlobo lwenhlanzi noma lwasolwandle jikelele.
• Ngokuthola ngokungathandabuzekiyo kwalo mkhiqizo, ungawusebenzisi ngaphezu kwesilinganiso. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungaholela ekuphazamisweni kwephephabhuku lesisu, amanyikwe kanye nesibindi.
• Njengoba i-nelma iyinhlanzi eyidlayo, ingakwazi ukuqwabelana ngokwayo amanani amakhulu we-mercury. Lapho umuntu esegugile, angakwazi ukuqukethe i-mercury engaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga, kufanele unikeze inketho ezinhlanzini ezincane, ezincane.
• I-high mercury nelma iyingozi ikakhulukazi futhi iyingozi. abesifazane abakhulelwe. I-Mercury ibangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwengane. Kwamanye amazwe, abesifazane abakhulelwe benqatshelwe ngokusemthethweni ukudla izinhlanzi ezidla inyama, njenge-tuna, ngokwesibonelo. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kungcono ukunikela okuthandwa ngabantu abangadli ngokuhlukumeza: i-herring, i-spat, i-pollock.
• Ukunakwa ikakhulukazi kufanele kukhokhwe ukusha nokubukeka komkhiqizo. Inhlanzi enhle, entsha inokubukeka okucacile, okusobala, okupinki noma okubomvu, amaphiko aqinile eduze komzimba. Izikali ziyacwazimula futhi zibushelelezi, ngaphandle kokushintsha kombala. Inhlanzi akufanele ikhiphe iphunga elibi.

Okudingayo

Umhlaseli ngokuphelele. Iyondla cishe kunoma yini, kufaka phakathi abafowabo abancane. Isisekelo sokudla kukhona i-whitefish, kanye ne-smelt, i-vendace, njll. Ngisho nefry yale nhlanzi, eneminyaka eyodwa yenyanga, isivele idla omncane wezinye izinhlanzi, ngokwesibonelo, muksun. Emifuleni, ingadla noma yikuphi ukudla kwamaprotheni - ama-crustaceans, shrimp, izinambuzane nezibungu zezinambuzane. Hhayi izimbumbulu kuphela. Ungalokothi uthathe inyamazane kusukela phansi.

Uhlala futhi azingele emhlambini, futhi emhlanjini ubamba inyamazane njenge-asp eyodwa - ukhipha ukushaywa ngumsila abesekuthatha. Imvamisa izingela ngamalahle amancane eduze kwama-rapid, lapho izinhlanzi ezincane zithanda ukuhlala khona.

Isikhathi esikhulu sokondla kusekuseni nakusihlwa, kanti ekuseni, i-nelma ihlala isebenza. Ibhubhisa izingane eziningi zezinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi ama-cyprinid nama-perchs.

Ukuziphatha kwesizini

Akukho mehluko ekuziphatheni komncane - kusuka eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwengama-5 - ilma, ihlala olwandle, emanzini asogwini, kwesinye isikhathi angafinyeleli emilonyeni yemifula. Ukufinyelela ebuntwaneni - abesilisa ngonyaka ngaphambili kunabesifazane - i-whitefish yazo zombili lezi zinhlobo ezincane zigijimela emifuleni lapho nje kuqala ukukhukhulwa kweqhwa. Kuyo yonke intwasahlobo kanye nehlobo, kuqhubekela phambili imihlambi iye ezindaweni ezinotshani, izikole ngazinye zihlukaniswe lapho zifuna ukudla futhi zingena imifula emincane namachibi ezikhukhula. Ijuluka ngoSepthemba, emva kwalokho ihlale ebusika emfuleni kuze kufike ihlobo elilandelayo, kancane kancane ibuyele olwandle.