Kungazwakali kumangalisa, kepha amanye amaphuzu akhombisa ukuthi uphawu luhlanzekile kunehlengethwa. Simnandi kunemikhomo yokubulala, izimvemvane, amahlengethwa asemabhodleleni nabanye abaningi abamele omndeni omkhulu wehlengethwa. Isibonelo, uma uvikela amahlengethwa okubhukuda ngenethi ukuze iphume okungenani amasentimitha angama-30 emanzini, khona-ke isilwane esinyakazayo asisoze saqagela ukuthi siwele phezu kwaso bese sibhukuda sidlule kuwo. Izoshesha ngaphakathi kulo mgoqo wezinsumansumane bese icwila kakhulu. Ngale ndlela, amaqembu emikhumbi yokudoba abamba amahlengethwa amanetha awo esikhwameni. Ngophawu, lokhu ngeke kusebenze. Isilwane sinqoba kalula isithiyo esinjalo ngaphandle kokucabanga okwesibili.

Iqiniso lokuthi uphawu lumnandi kune-dolphin nalo luqinisekiswa ukubonwa okuningi kwabaqeqeshi. Sekukaningi beqaphela ukuthi le seal encane inciphisa ukuhlakanipha okuhlukahlukene kwe-circus ngokushesha kunommeleli womndeni wamahlengethwa. Angadansa, acule, alingise ukusindiswa komuntu ocabangayo okumanzi, axhumane nezitho zomzimba, futhi enze nezibalo ezilula ze-arithmetic. I-seal iyakwazi ukubhukuda ngejubane elithile ngomyalo, ukudonsa ngezikhathi ezihlukile kanye nasekujuleni okuhlukile.

Lezi zilwane ziveze izimfanelo zomuntu ngamunye. Bona, njengabantu, bavilapha futhi bayazikhandla, abanelukuluku futhi abanalo kakhulu. Kunezilwane ezolile nezinomusa, kukhona ezingacasulayo. INerpa ikwazi ngamandla ukunciphisa intando yemisipha yenhliziyo, bese inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen. Lokhu kubalulekile lapho ushona ujule. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, lapho kunokudla okuncane, isibeletho sowesifazane okhulelwe singavuselelwa noma sibanjiswe amabele kuze kube izikhathi ezingcono. Ngamanye amagama, isilo singumnikazi ngokuphelele futhi silawula umzimba waso, okungenakushiwo mayelana "nomqhele wemvelo."

Ngasikhathi sinye, ibhere elifanayo le-polar lizingela ngempumelelo izimpawu. Ngakho-ke ibhele emandleni alo engqondo aliphansi kunezipini. Lokhu kudinga isiphetho esilula kakhulu: abantu, ngokubeka ngokuzikhukhumeza ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo okokuqala, ngokusobala bashesha. Ezinye izilwane azinabo ubuhlakani obuphansi, futhi yisiphi sazo esihlakaniphe kakhulu kusengumbuzo omkhulu.

Ubuhle beDolphin

Isimo esiphakeme samahlengethwa ezilwaneni sivele noJohn Lilly, umcwaningi wezihlengethwa we-1960s futhi othanda izidakamizwa ze-psychotropic. Wayengowokuqala ukwenza umbono wokuthi amahlengethwa ahlakaniphile, futhi kamuva waphakamisa nokuthi ahlakaniphile kunabantu.

Ekugcineni, ngemuva kweminyaka yama-1970s, uLilly wadelelwa kakhulu futhi wenza umnikelo omncane kwisayensi yokuhlengethwa. Kepha naphezu kwemizamo yososayensi abahamba phambili yokuziqhelelanisa nemibono yakhe eyinqaba (ukuthi amahlengethwa akhanyiselwa ngokomoya) ngisho nama-craziest (lawo mahlengethwa axhumana nezithombe ze-holographic), igama lakhe lihambisana nemisebenzi ekufundweni kwamahlengethwa.

"Unjalo, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi iningi lamahlengethwa azovumelana nami, ubaba we-dolphin intelligence," kubhala uJustin Gregg encwadini yakhe, "Ngabe iDolphins Smart?"

Kusukela ngesikhathi sokucwaninga, ama-dolphin aseLilly akhombisile ukuthi ayawaqonda amasondo adluliswa yisikrini sethelevishini, ahlukanise izingxenye zemizimba yawo, aqaphele isithombe sabo esibukweni futhi abe ne-repertoire eyinkimbinkimbi yempempe ngisho namagama.

Kunoma ikuphi, yonke le mibono isanda kungabazwa. Incwadi kaGregg iyisitolo sokugcina sempi phakathi kwe-neuroanatomy, indlela yokuziphatha nokuxhumana - phakathi kwemibono yokuthi amahlengethwa akhethekile nokuthi ahambisana nezinye izidalwa eziningi.

Uthole kanjani?

Uma umhlambi wamahlengethwa uvikelekile yinethiwekhi ezophuma emanzini ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuphela, ngeke aqaphele ukuthi ungagxuma phezu kwenethiwekhi bese ugqashula. Amahlengethwa ayobhukuda ngaphakathi kwalesi sithintelo esingenalutho kanye nokuncipha. Le yindlela imikhumbi yokudoba ebamba ngayo amahlengethwa esebenzisa amanetha awo esikhwama. Ngezimpawu ezinjalo, iqhinga elinjalo lizokwehluleka. Lo omele umndeni uzosinqoba kalula isithiyo; lokhu ngeke kube ubunzima obuncane kuye.

Izimpawu zokubi azikho kubi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namahlengethwa.

Iqiniso lokuthi uphawu luthuthukiswa kangcono kunedolphin kunalokho okushiwo ngabaqeqeshi bamahlengethwa. Baveza ukuthi lezi zimpawu zinobuqili bamaqhinga ahlukahlukene ngokushesha kunamalungu omndeni wamahlengethwa. Izimpawu zokuhlabelela ziyakwazi ukucula, ukudansa, ukuxhumana nemizwa yokusindisa, ukusindisa abantu sengathi bayaminza, futhi nokwenza izibalo eziyisisekelo. Lezi seals zingangena ekujuleni okuhlukahlukene ngemiyalo futhi zibhukude ngejubane elinikeziwe.

Ngabe yini inzuzo yemfundo?

U-seal unezimpawu zomuntu ezihlukile. Kufana nje nabantu banelukuluku, bayabambelela, bayazikhandla futhi bayavilapha.

Kunabantu abanezinhlamvu ezinhle, futhi kunezimpawu ezingacasuli.

Izimpawu zinezinhlamvu ezihlukile.

Lezi zimpawu zingakhetha ngokwehlisa isigqi sokuqunjelwa kwemisipha yenhliziyo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho uhudula ngokujula.

Uma kunezinkinga ngokudla, khona-ke umbungu kowesifazane okhulelwe ungagcinwa kuze kufike izikhathi ezifanele noma uzoncibilike ngokuphelele. Okusho ukuthi, lo mphawu ungumnikazi womzimba wawo ngokuphelele futhi ungawulawula.

Zombili lezi zinhlengesi nezimpawu zomzimba - zombili lezi zilwane zinobuhlakani obuphakeme.

Kepha, naphezu kwamakhono obuhlakani bezimpawu zasolwandle, amabhere wasebukhosini azingela ngempumelelo enkulu. Lokho wukuthi, singasho ukuthi amabhere ayizilwane ezihlakaniphile njengezimpawu zamanzi.

Ngakho-ke isiphetho siziveza: ukuthi ngabe dolphin kufanelekile yini ukuqala phakathi kwezilwane ngamakhono alo engqondo. Ezinye izilwane azinabo ubuhlakani obuphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke, yisiphi kuzo esihlakaniphe kunazo zonke umbuzo omkhulu.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

INerpa iginya ukudla ngaphandle kokuhlafuna - akukho ukugeza amazinyo. Ukutheleleka okuningi kuqoqwa kuhlu lwamabala, ngakho-ke ukulunywa kwe-Baikal seal kugcwele ubuthi begazi. I-Laska enezinyanga eziyisithupha iqeqeshelwe ukuthwebula izithombe nabavakashi ku-nerpinaria, kepha qaphela: U-Evgeny Baranov umnika inhlanzi epanini lokugqoka elide.

Umcwaningi ophakeme e-Limnological Institute uphakamisa ukuthi izimpawu zinobuhlakani kakhulu kunamahlengethwa

I-Baikal seal ifanela i-yoga, lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi inciphise ukushaya kwenhliziyo futhi ikwenze ngaphandle kwe-oksijini isikhathi esingaphezu kwehora. Futhi noma yimuphi umfundi angaba nomona wamakhono abantu besifazane wokuhlehlisa ukukhulelwa okungafuneki unyaka owodwa noma ancibilikise ingane.

Alikho igama elinjalo - i-nerpinaria
Abahleli beSIM Number One baba nentshisekelo kuJevgeny Baranov njengomeluleki wesayensi kwiNerpinaria (ukuheha ngezimpawu eziqeqeshiwe zeBaikal ezavulwa e-Irkutsk cishe ngonyaka owedlule, namuhla kungukuphela komhlaba).
- Empeleni, alikho igama elinjalo - i-nerpinaria. Okwamanje akukangenwa kwizichazamazwi, ”kusho u-Evgeny Alekseevich. - Masibe nethemba lokuthi izazi zezilimi ziyalulungisa lolu daba. Siphokophela ezinye izinhloso, ngokuvula iNerpinaria esifuna ukudonsela ukunaka kweBaikal seal. Izinkinga zakhe. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi akuwona kuphela abantu bakwamanye amazwe - izakhamizi eziningi zesifunda sethu azange zibone umbi weLake Baikal.
Ithuba lokubheka uphawu, empeleni, lalikhona ngaphambi (ngokwesibonelo, e-Limnological Institute), kepha uphawu oluhlanganisiwe lweBaikal cishe luyisihawu. Iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-20 kuye kwengama-30, umuntu usebenzisa izimbambo. Kumele uvume ukuthi leli gama libucayi, ukuze ezingeni lofuzo kuqukethe ukuqina okuqaphelayo kubantu. Okwamanje, u-Yevgeny Baranov ukholelwa ukuthi uphawu lwe-Baikal alusona nje kuphela isiphukuphuku ngaphezu kwehlengethwa, futhi kwezinye izimo ingqondo yalo ingabizwa kakhulu ngemibuzo. Futhi wakufakazela lokho. Izisebenzi ezinomsila we-nerpinaria Nessi noTito manje sezingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi izinkanyezi zesiteji samanzi. Bangakwazi ukucula, ukudansa i-lambada kanye ne-rock bese beqa, basindisa umuntu ocabanga ukuminza, abonise isivunguvungu eLake Baikal, enze izibalo ezilula zezibalo, futhi akhulume ngokuthinta.
- Iqiniso lokuthi uphawu luyakwazi ukuqeqeshwa selwaziwa isikhathi eside. Baqale ukufundisa amaqembu elabhorethri ye-biology yezinhlanzi kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo zasemanzini, ”kusho umcwaningi omkhulu eLimnological Institute (ukusebenza kwe-nerpinaria yeYevgeny Baranov kumane nje kuyindlela yokuzijabulisa engenabugovu. - Qaphela). - Okokuhlola, sifundise uphawu ukuthi lungene dive ngezikhathi ezihlukile, ukubhukuda ngejubane elithile nokunye. Sithole ukuthi uphawu lweBaikal, njengazo zonke izinhlobo zophawu, alunakuba ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu engamashumi ayisikhombisa. Ngokuqina, kwehlisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-oxygen. Yini ukusetshenziswa kwalolu lwazi? Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi zonke izifo zenhliziyo kubantu zihlanganiswa nendlala yomoya-mpilo, futhi bekungeke kusilimaze ukufunda ukulawulwa okufanayo komzimba wethu.
Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa hhayi ezindaweni zokucwaninga kuphela. Njengokulinga, kwadedelwa izindikimba ezimbili zelebhu zasendle endle:
"Emini, uZlyuka kanye noMasheha (amagama okuhlolwa abizwa - - Approx. Writing.) Imishini ethathwe eqopha ukuthi izinhlaka zazibhukuda kuphi futhi zigijime ngasiphi isikhathi," kusho uJevgeny Baranov. - Lapho-ke imishini ihlukaniswa, yadlula futhi yaqala ukuthumela amasignali omsakazo. Sithathe ubufakazi futhi saqinisekisa umcabango wokuthi uphawu, ngokungafani nenkolelo ethandwayo, luphakela kakhulu ezinhlanzini ezincane. Okusho ukuthi, isindisa iBaikal ekuhlaleni kabusha ngenhlanzi engenamsebenzi, engenzi nzuzo. Kunombono wokuhlomisa izisetshenziswa ngemishini enjalo hhayi eyosuku, kodwa unyaka wonke, kepha imishini enjalo ibiza kakhulu - cishe ama- $ 90,000. I-Russian-American Civil Science Foundation iphendule ngokuzithoba esicelweni sethu sokucela usizo ngemali: bathi umsebenzi muhle kakhulu, kepha asinakusiza ngalezi zindlela.
Okwamanje akukacaci ukuthi ngabe uphawu luyanyamalala noma cha.
Njengamanje, ososayensi kufanele basebenzise indlela yokubala inani le-seal, elihlukaniswa yiphutha elikhulu. U-Evgeny Baranov uthe kunendlela entsha ezovumela ukubala zonke izinhlaka zeBaikal ngaphandle kokukhetha:
- Ngozakwethu baseNizhny Novgorod, sithuthukise indlela ye-hydroacoustic accounting. INerpa iyisakhamuzi esikhulu kunazo zonke seLake Baikal, sibonisa kahle ugongolo lwe-sonar, ngoba umoya omningi (isibonisi esiyinhloko semisebe) uqongelela emaphashini aso nasekhaleni lomlomo. Sihlole umshini kuZluka, wenza imiyalo, wehlela ekujuleni, walengisa ikhanda phansi, eceleni kwendlela nokunye. Ngenxa yalokhu manje esingakwazi nje ukubala zonke izimpawu, kodwa futhi sizilandele ngemvelo. Iphrojekthi idinga imali enkulu, kuze kube manje akekho osithembisa yona. Futhi kufanele usheshe nalokhu, manje kunamanzi angaba ngu-90,000, kanye noma ukhiphe izinkulungwane ezingama-30. Akwaziwa ukuthi siqondaphi. Hhayi-ke, uma kungu-120, kepha uma kusasele angama-60? Yikuphi inombolo ebucayi okunzima ukuyibala. Kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uphawu luhlala lodwa, owesilisa nowesifazane bahlangana kanye kuphela ngonyaka - ekwindla. Ngakho-ke, uma inani lezimpawu zamanzi lincane kakhulu, khona-ke kungenzeka nje bangahlangani.
Ngokuntuleka kwemali yendlela entsha, le tywina ibhekwa njengendlela eyenziwe ngusosayensi wase-Irkutsk uVladimir Dmitrievich Pastukhov. Ngo-Ephreli, abacwaningi baya eLake Baikal, iqhwa liphukile ezindaweni zokubhalisa. Ososayensi banquma inani lezingane ezikhiqizwe kulo nyaka ngokumba kanye noboya obuncibilikisiwe. Umsebenzi wenziwa ezimweni ezeqile. Abaphenyi kufanele bahambe ngezithuthuthu esevele ziqhwakele eqhweni.
“Hlukana nezingqinamba,” kuhleka u-Evgeny Alekseevich. - Amalungu okuphuma ahlala asuka eningizimu aya enyakatho, abalekela ilanga.
Amagama wesilo nesazi seenkanyezi
Ukusuka kwelinye uhambo oluya enyakatho yeLake Baikal, u-Evgeny Baranov ubuyile engaphethe lutho:
- Eminyakeni emithathu eyedlule, kwathengwa izimpawu ezimbili kubazingeli. Angikhumbuli ukuthi babakhokhela malini, kepha amadoda ayekulungele ukubanikeza ize, kwakudabukisa ukubulala.
Amaqhinga abizwa ngokuthi uNessie noTito:
- UNessie - ngoba ngaleso sikhathi kwavela imizwa mayelana nokuvela kwesilo eLake Baikal njengeLoch Ness, noTito - ukuhlonipha isivakashi sendawo uDennis Tito (ngalowo nyaka wabalekela esikhaleni njengengxenye yabasebenzi baseRussia nabaseMelika). Ngale ndlela, safunda i-biography kasomabhizinisi waseMelika - wayebonakala njengomuntu othakazelisa kakhulu. Bathole ukuthi uhlala eduze kweHollywood, kepha alikho ikheli eliqondile okwamanje. Siyethemba ukuthi sizokwazi ukumazisa kwizimpawu zegama elifanayo.
Ngokushesha uNessie noTito babonakala kwizazi zesayensi ezihlakaniphe kakhulu. Banqume ukuwaqeqesha, ngalesi sikhathi nje umbono wokuvula i-nerpinaria e-Irkutsk waqala ukwakheka:
Umcwaningi wezilwane zasolwandle oshonile uthi, “uphawu ngalunye lunomlingiswa walo. - Omunye ukhuthele, umuntu ungumuntu ovilapha. Abanye baqonda amahlaya, kanti abanye kudingeka basebenze ngokungathi sína. UNessy noTito nabo bahlukile komunye nomunye. Owesifazane uphethe ngaphezulu, kanti uTito uyinkanyezi, imvamisa uyathanda ukusebenza. Bobabili bathande ukuqhutshelwa esixukwini esikhulu sabantu, bayacasuka uma ababukeli beguqula ukunaka kwabo kusuka kumqeqeshi isikhathi eside. Bajabula lapho bebona isisebenzi se-nerpinaria futhi ngemuva kokubuya kwakhe eholidini. Hhayi-ke.
Kuyiqiniso, ososayensi babekhathazekile ngokuthi izimbotshana zihlangana kanjani e-aquarium eyodwa, kepha lokhu kwesaba akuqinisekiswanga:
U-Evgeny Alekseevich uthi: “Ngicabanga ukuthi ku-nerpinaria bazizwa bejabule,” kusho u-Evgeny Alekseevich. - Zonke izimo zakhiwa, eduze ngangokunokwenzeka kwezemvelo. Amanzi ayabanda njengaseBaikal, inkampani yakwa-Angarsk yakhiqiza imishini yokupholisa. Izimpawu zasendlini zondla izinhlanzi kuphela, asivumeli noma yikuphi okusha ekudleni. Kunohlelo lokubulala amagciwane, ngoba azikho ama-virus emanzini weBaikal, futhi kunenala phakathi kwabantu.
Zala amawele avela kobaba abahlukahlukene
Amahlumela avela kuNessie noTito abalindelanga, ekuthunjweni, uphawu lwazo aluzali. Ungakubheki lokhu kungenzeka.
- Uma owesimame ezwa ukuthi izimo azingakulungeli ukuzalwa kwengane, ingane yakhe iyaxoshwa noma igcinwe unyaka ngendlela efanayo neyama-martens, kusho u-Evgeny Baranov. -Kwenzeka ukuthi ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi insikazi izimbozwa enye indoda, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibeletha amawele avela kobaba abahlukahlukene, futhi akunankinga ne-alimony phakathi kwezimpawu. Kepha okukhulu, lokhu okungenzeka "kokuhlela umndeni" kuyindlela enamandla yokunqanda ukunqwabelana eLake Baikal. Abesifazane ababuthakathaka ongeke baphuthelwe yizinhlanzi bazomane bakhohlwe ukuthi bazala kanjani. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, amaphesenti angama-95 abo bonke abantu besifazane angazala.
Ucwaningo olunzulu lophawu lweBaikal selokhu lwenzeka cishe iminyaka engamashumi amane, kepha kuze kube manje lolu hlobo lwe-seal lubhekwa njengengaqondakali kahle.
"Okwamanje, kwezinye izikhathi, uphawu lumcoka kakhulu kunedolphin, okungenani lona, ​​njenge dolphin, lingahamba liye kwesinye ngokujwayelekile. Hhayi indima yokugcina yalokhu yadlalwa yi-anthropogenic factor. INerpa iyidodgy kakhulu esimweni esibucayi. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ihlengethwa alisoze lacabanga ukweqa ngaphezulu kwetha ngaphezulu kwezintanta, njengophawu lwethu.
Ngokuya kososayensi, izimpawu zingasetshenziswa ezimfanelweni ezingalindelekanga kakhulu - ngokwesibonelo, ukucinga amanethiwekhi okuzingela eLake Baikal. Kepha kwisayensi, uphawu lweBaikal lubalulekile ngokwalo. Kuyadingeka ukutadisha uphawu, futhi kungafundisa okuningi.
<Dossier "Inombolo ye-CM yokuqala"
U-Evgeny Alekseevich Baranov wazalwa ngonyaka we-1956 edolobhaneni laseLugovsky, esifundeni saseMamsko-Chuy. Ufunde esikoleni samabanga aphansi emzaneni kaMama. Ngo-1978 waphothula iziqu eMnyangweni wePhysics weNovosibirsk State University. Kusukela ngo-1982 ubesebenza e-Limnological Institute. Ngo-1990 wavikela umcabango wakhe we-physiology yomuntu nezilwane, oyisilungu sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo. Ilungu loMkhandlu waseRussia eMarine Mammals.>

Amahlengethwa anomqondo omkhulu

Kuze kube manje, ukukhinyabezeka kwamakhono dolphin sekubhekane nezihloko ezimbili eziphambili: i-anatomy nokuziphatha.

Ngo-2013, isazi sokusebenza kwezakhi zomzimba uPaul Manger wanyathelisa i-athikili lapho egcizelela khona isikhundla sakhe sokuthi ubuchopho obukhulu be dolphin abuhlangene nobuhlakani.

UMunger, umcwaningi e-University of Witwatersrand eSouth Africa, phambilini wake waveza ukuthi ubuchopho obukhulu kakhulu kungenzeka ukuthi wakhula ukusiza isilwane ukugcina ukushisa kunokuba senze imisebenzi yokuqonda. Le ndatshana ka-2006 yagxekwa kakhulu umphakathi wokucwaninga nge dolphinologist.

Emsebenzini wakhe omusha (obhalwe futhi uManger), uthatha indlela ebucayi yokufunda ubuchwephesha besimo sobuchopho, amarekhodi okuvubukulwa kwezinto zakudala, kanye nocwaningo lokuziphatha okuvame ukushiwo, ephetha ngokuthi ama-cetaceans awekhohlakali kunamanye ama-invertebrates nokuthi ubuchopho bawo obukhulu bavela ngenhloso ehlukile. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukhuluma ngokuzibandakanya kokuziphatha okuningi njengesibonelo sokuqashelwa kwesithombe esibukweni, esenziwa ngoSepthemba 2011 futhi savela ngenxa ye-Discover. Ubungozi ubathole bengaphelele, bengalungile noma sebephelelwe ngumsebenzi.

Bhalisela isiteshi sethu ku-Yandex Zen. Lapho ungathola izinto eziningi ezithokozisayo ezingekho ngisho esizeni sethu.

U-Lori Marino, udokotela we-neuroanatomist e-Emory University olwela ubuhlakani bengqondo, usebenza kwi-reputtal.

Amahlengethwa ahlakaniphile kakhulu

Kufanelekile ukuza dolphinarium futhi kuyacaca ukuthi amahlengethwa angenza okuningi, kanye "nabalingani" bawo.

OLUNYE UDABA: Ukuziphatha kwamahlengethwa akuyona into emangazayo njengoba besho ngaye, kusho uGregg. Njengomphenyi wehlengethwa osezingeni eliphakeme, uphawula ukuthi uyayihlonipha “impumelelo” yamahlengezi emkhakheni wezokwazi, kepha unomuzwa wokuthi umphakathi nabanye abacwaningi balitholile kancane izinga labo lamakhono okuqonda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izilwane eziningi zibonisa izici ezifanayo ezinhle.

Encwadini yakhe, uGregg ubhekisa kochwepheshe abangabaza ukubaluleka kohlolo lokuzibona esibukweni, okukholakala ukuthi lukhombisa izinga elithile lokuzazi. UGregg uphawula ukuthi ama-octopus namajuba angaziphatha njengamahlengethwa uma uwanikeza isibuko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uGregg uthi ukuxhumana ngehlengethwa kuye kwandiswa. Yize amakhwela nokuchofoza kwazo kuyizindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zezimpawu zokulalelwayo, noma kunjalo azinazo izici zolimi lwabantu (njengokuphetha kwemibono nezincazelo eziphakeme noma ukukhululeka emizweni).

Ukuze ungaphuthelwa lutho olujabulisayo olusuka ezweni lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, bhalisela isiteshi sethu sezindaba ku-Telegraph. Lapho uzofunda okuningi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ugxeka imizamo yokusebenzisa ithiythi yolwazi - igatsha lezibalo - kulwazi oluqukethwe kumakhwela amahlengethwa. Ingabe umbono wolwazi ungasetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni kwezilwane nhlobo? UGregg uyangabaza, futhi akayedwa.

UGregg ugcizelela ukuthi amahlengethwa ngokuqinisekile anamakhono amaningi wokuhlaba umxhwele, kodwa ezinye izilwane eziningi nazo. Futhi hhayi ukuthi uhlakaniphe ngokwedlulele: izinkukhu eziningi zihlakaniphe kweminye imisebenzi njengamahlengethwa, uGregg uyakholelwa. Izicabucabu zibonisa amakhono amangalisayo okuqonda, kepha nokho zinamehlo ayisishiyagalombili.

Ukunxanela ulwazi

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abacwaningi abanjengoManger babaliwe kunososayensi abafunda amakhono okuqonda ihlengethwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho noGregg uzama ukuziqhelelanisa nomcabango wokulawulwa kwamahlengethwa - kunalokho uthi ezinye izilwane zinobuhlakani kunalokho esakucabanga.

Ngisho noGordon Gallup, usosayensi osebenza ngokuziphatha kwengqondo owayengowokuqala ukusebenzisa izibuko ukuhlaziya ukuzazi kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, uveza ukungabaza ukuthi amahlengethwa ayakwazi lokhu.

"Ngokombono wami, ama-video adutshuliwe kulokhu kuvivinywa awekholeki," esho ngo-2011. "Ziyavuma, kodwa azikholakali."

Izimpikiswano zokungabandakanywa kwama-dolphin zihlela imibono emithathu eyinhloko. Okokuqala, ngokusho kweManger, amahlengethwa awamkhonzi kunabanye izilwane. Okwesibili, kunzima ukuqhathanisa uhlobo oluthile nolunye. Okwesithathu, zimbalwa kakhulu izifundo kule ndaba zokuthola iziphetho eziqinile.

Naphezu kwedumela lezilwane ezinobuhlakani obuhlukile, amahlengethwa angahle angabi ngobuhlakani njengoba ayecabanga.

UScott Norris, umbhali we-bioscience, uphawula ukuthi "ubuqili uScott Lilly" waba negalelo elikhulu ekwakheni isithombe "samahlengethwa ahlakaniphile" ngawo-1960. Wayekhangwa ngamahlengethwa futhi wachitha iminyaka ebafundisa ukukhuluma. Ukuhlolwa kukaLilly kwakungeyona eyokuziphatha, ngesinye isikhathi kube nokuziphatha okubi, kepha kwakunguyena kuphela owayezama ukufundisa ulimi lwezilwane okwathiwa kuzo izihlonipho zobuhlakani. Ukuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi kuzalwa kusuka ezinhlelweni zezenhlalo, futhi ukusebenzisana kwezenhlalo kudinga ezinye izimfanelo ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nobuhlakani. Ukuze wakhe futhi ukhumbule ukuxhumana nabantu, funda isimilo esisha bese usebenza ngokubambisana, udinga isiko.

Kwesinye isikhathi kubukeka sengathi bayamomotheka.

Ukusuka kuleli phuzu lokubuka, amahlengethwa akhombisa ngempela ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlobene namasiko kanye ne-intelligence ethuthukisiwe. UNorris uphawula ukuthi izifundo zamahlengethwa asendle nemikhomo zibonisa ukuthi umsebenzi wawo wokuhluka uhlukile futhi ucacile ngokwanele ukuba ubhekwe njengolimi. Ama-dolphins alula kahle indlela entsha yokuziphatha futhi anamandla okulingisa. Balandelela izixakaxaka zezenhlalo eziyinkimbinkimbi phakathi naphakathi kwamaqembu. Bona, njengoba wazi, bathola izindlela ezintsha zokuziphatha baphendule ezimweni ezintsha, futhi lokhu, ngokusho kukaNorris, abanye ososayensi babheka "isici esiyingqayizivele kunazo zonke sobuhlakani." Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlengethwa angafundisa futhi nalokhu kuziphatha okusha. UNorris uchaza ukuthi abanye abantu base dolphin basebenzise kanjani izipanji ukuze bazivikele ekukhuculweni nasekufundiseni abanye le ndlela. Ukudluliswa okunjalo kwemikhuba kubhekwa ngabaningi njengomsuka wesiko.

Yebo, amahlengethwa abukeka emhlophe kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa indlela yawo yokuziphatha ayihlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zamahlengethwa. Izilwane eziningi, ezinjengezingulube zasendle, izinja, ama-primates noma amabhubesi asolwandle, zinokuphamba okuyinkimbinkimbi, ubudlelwane bezenhlalo, amandla okufunda, ukulingisa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha, njengoba zinzima. Amakhono amaningi, ikakhulukazi ukuqeqeshwa, akhula kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo kunasem dolphin. Ukushintshana kwamasiko, okusafanele kufakazelwe phakathi kwamahlengethwa, akuvamile, kepha ezinye izilwane azikaqondakali kahle. Ezinye izibonelo zingakhonjwa.

Woza engxoxweni yethu ekhethekile yeTelegram. Kuhlala kube nomuntu ozoxoxa izindaba ezivela emhlabeni wezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.

Inkinga ayisiyo kuphela futhi ayisiyiyo enkulu ukuthi amahlengethwa ahlakaniphile, ngoba ngokwezinga elithile bahlakaniphile impela, kodwa ukuthi bahlakaniphile kunezinye izilwane, futhi lokhu akukaziwa. Amahlengethwa ayathanda ukubonisa izici zobuntu. Amahlengethwa amaningi angahlukanisa "ubuso" kanye "nokumamatheka", okungashiwo, ngokwesibonelo, ngezinsikazi zasendle. Uma sibheka lo buso obunobuso obukhulu, siqala ukubona abantu kumahlengethwa. Ingabe amahlengethwa ahlakaniphile? Konke kuncike ekutheni ufuna ukubabona smart kangakanani.

Ames Amagama

Izazi zokuma komhlaba zithole ukuthi amahlengethwa anikeza izingane zawo amagama. Baqonda kanjani lokhu? Lapho ososayensi bebuka umhlambi wamahlengethwa, babona ukuthi dolphin lowesifazane unikeza izwi elihlukile. Futhi okumangazayo ukuthi ngohlobo ngalunye lwe-Ultra (i-squeak) ikhuphu elihlukile lasabela laphendulwa, hhayi lonke iphakethe.

Ukudla kwezingane

Owesifazane udla izingane ezisanda kuzalwa nobisi lwamawundlu, kanjalo nomuntu.

Umehluko kuphela phakathi komuntu nehlengethwa ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle azinawo amandla okwenza nokuqamba amathuluzi okusebenza nokuphila, ngoba imvelo ayizange ibabeke ezimeni lapho bezizodingeka khona. Ngakho-ke, uma unikezwa leli qiniso, umuntu uhlakaniphile kunehlengethwa!