Isela le-Orizias (lat.Oryzias woworae) noma inhlanzi yelayisi iyinhlanzi encane, ekhanyayo futhi engazinikeli ehlala esiqhingini saseSulawesi futhi iyisifo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi itholakala endalweni endaweni eyodwa kuphela, ama-oryzias esela avumelana ngokuphelele nezimo ezahlukahlukene e-aquarium.

Ukuphila endalweni

Okwamanje, yindawo eyodwa kuphela yama-oryzias yesela emvelweni eyaziwayo. Lesi sidalwa saseMata air Fotuno endaweni yaseParis, Muna Island, esifundazweni Southeast Sulawesi.

Mhlawumbe uhla lubanzi, njengoba ezinye izindawo zingakahlolwa ngokwanele. ISulawesi yindawo yezinhlobo eziyi-17 ezingama-17.

Ama-Neon oryzias ahlala emifudlaneni enamanzi acwebile, angama-80% awo ageleza ngaphansi kwesigqoko esinamandla sezihlahla ezishisayo, futhi phansi embozwe ngesihlabathi, isihlabathi namaqabunga awile.

U-O. woworae waphinde wabanjwa emachibini, amamitha angama-3-4 ajulile, lapho bahlala khona noNomorhamphus. Amanzi emanzini emvelo ane-acidity ye-pH 6.0 - 7.0.

Incazelo

Ubude bomzimba bungama-25-30 mm, okwenza inhlanzi yelayisi ibe ngomunye wabamele abancane kakhulu be-oryzias, noma kunjalo, kukhona nezinye izinhlobo ezincane ezitholakala eSulawesi.

Umzimba wale nhlanzi ungumbala wesiliva-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amaphiko we-pectoral abomvu, umsila ubonakala.

I-dorsal fin incane futhi iseduze kakhulu ne-caudal.

Njengoba izinhlanzi zerayisi zidlangile emhlabeni wonke, zihlala emanzini acwengekile futhi angamakhi, zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kakhulu.

Isibonelo, iMedaka noma inhlanzi yelayisi yaseJapan, ihlala eJapan, Korea, China, naseJavanese esiqhingini saseJava, kuze kufike eThailand.

Kepha kuthiwani ngesela, ngoba liyingozi, futhi lihlala esiqhingini saseSulawesi kuphela? Kuyinto engathembeki kangako ukuthi ihlala ihlangana kahle emanzini endawo, kwanele ukuyivikela futhi isuse i-chlorine nokunye ukungcola.

Ziyiqukethe ikakhulu kuma-aquariums amancane, ama-nano-aquariums, anezitshalo, ngokwesibonelo, amakhambi anama-mosses. Imvamisa kuma-aquariums anjalo akukho ngisho nesihlungi sangaphakathi. Futhi lokhu akuyona inkinga, kwanele ukuyiphindisela ingxenye yamanzi asemanzini futhi ususe i-nitrate ne-ammonia.

Abuye anciphise ekushiseni kwamanzi, 23 - 27 ° C esikhundleni ububanzi. Amapharamitha afanelekayo wokugcina izinhlanzi zerayisi yilezi: pH: 6.0 - 7.5, ubunzima be-90 - 268 ppm.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula into eyodwa, ama-oryizias asela abaleka ngokugqamile! I-aquarium kumele imbozwe, ngaphandle kwalokho bangafa.

Le nhlanzi kubonakala sengathi yazalelwa ama-aquariums amancane; abukeka e-organic khona lapho. Shiya isikhala samahhala maphakathi bese utshala imiphetho ngezitshalo. Isikhathi esiningi bahlala ezindaweni lapho ukugeleza kuncane khona noma kungabikho, ngakho-ke kungcono ukugwema ukufilishi okunamandla e-aquarium, noma ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo, ngokusebenzisa umtshingo.

E-aquarium enjalo, umhlambi uchitha iningi losuku ezingxenyeni eziphakathi, eduze kwengilazi yangaphambili, ulinde ingxenye elandelayo yokudla.

Ukuvumelana

Akunangozi ngokuphelele, ilungele ama-aquariums ajwayelekile nezinhlanzi ezincane. Abesilisa bahlela ukulwa ngenxa yabesifazane, kodwa badlula ngaphandle kokulimala.

Kuhle ukugcina ephaketheni, kusuka ezinhlanzini ezi-8, nezinye izinhlobo ezinokuthula, isibonelo, nge-barbus ye-cherry, i-neon, i-parsing ne-tetra encane.

Kuyelulekwa ukuthi ungahlanganisi nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zerayisi, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi i-hybridization kungenzeka.

Ukuzala

Ukumane kumane kufakwe ngisho e-aquarium ejwayelekile, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayi-10-20 izinsuku eziningana, kwesinye isikhathi nsuku zonke.

Ukuhlanza kuvame ukuqala ekuseni kakhulu, owesilisa unombala ogqamile futhi uqala ukuvikela indawo encane kwamanye amadoda, ngenkathi emema intokazi lapho.

Ukuqhekeka kungahlala izinyanga ezimbalwa, nokuphazamiseka kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

I-caviar iyanamathela, futhi imvamisa ibukeka njengesigaxa esinamathele kowesifazane futhi ubhukuda naso amahora amaningi.

Ngemuva kokuba owesilisa eyivunise, insikazi ibhukuda e-aquarium ngamaqanda kuze kube yilapho amaqanda enamathela ezitshalweni noma kwezinye izinto ezise-aquarium.

Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga amancane, njengeJavanese moss noma i-kabomba ukuqhuma kwesela, zizobe zilungile, kepha intambo yokwenziwa nayo ilungile.

Isikhathi sokufakwa kuncike ekushiseni kwamanzi futhi kungahlala amasonto ayi-1-3.

Yize abazali bengayinaki i-caviar, bangadla i-fry yabo, futhi uma kwenzeka e-aquarium ejwayelekile, izitshalo eziningi ezinamashiya amancane ziyadingeka ukubanikeza indawo yokukhosela. Ungaphinde udlulisele ku-Fry ku-aquarium ehlukile egcwele amanzi avela ku-aquarium ejwayelekile.

Ukudla okuqala ekuqaleni kukaFry yi-microworm neqanda leqanda, futhi bangadla u-Artemia nauplii cishe isonto ngemuva kokuzalwa, njengoba bekhula ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukugwema i-cannibalism, gazinga osayizi abahlukahlukene ahlelwe kangcono.

Ividiyo yenhlanzi yelayisi

I-Orizias Vovara yinhlanzi encane abafunda ama-aquarists abafunda ngayo ngo-2010. Yatholakala e-Indonesia futhi yachazwa okokuqala yisazi sebhayoloji uDaisy Vovor, ukuhlonipha inhlanzi yathola igama layo. I-'Oryzias 'ihumusha njengelayisi - amanye amalungu ohlobo luhlala emasimini erayisi. INeon oryzia ichazwa futhi yaziwa endaweni eyodwa kuphela, ingumfudlana obizwa nge-'Mata air Fotuno 'esiqhingini sase-Muna, esifundazweni Southeast Sulawesi (esifundazweni saseTengara). Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi ukubuka kunobubanzi obubanzi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iSulawesi iyisikhungo sokuhlukahluka kohlobo lwe-Orizia - cishe zingaba ngu-20 izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala khona. Okwamanje, yindawo eyodwa kuphela yama-oryzias yesela emvelweni eyaziwayo. Lesi sidalwa saseMata air Fotuno endaweni yaseParis, Muna Island, esifundazweni Southeast Sulawesi. Mhlawumbe uhla lubanzi, njengoba ezinye izindawo zingakahlolwa ngokwanele. Imifudlana yamanzi ahlanzekile igeleza ehlathini elishisayo, ngaphansi kwayo kumbozwe ngotshani, ngesihlabathi nangamaqabunga awileyo.

Umzimba wenhlanzi yelayisi uyaphakama futhi uthambile kamuva, umphambili wekhanda nekhanda nawo uthambile. I-dorsal fin encane ibuyiselwe emuva, futhi i-pectoral fin isephezulu. Umzimba we-Oryzias ugcwele futhi umithunzi onsundu. Ukuze ukwazi ukukhipha ukukhanya okungajwayelekile lapho kushaywa yimisebe yokukhanya okubonakalayo, inhlanzi ibizwa ngokuthi yi-neon oryzias. Izisu ezingezansi namaphinifa we-pectoral zidwetshwe ngothayela obomvu. Ecinini le-caudal kukhona ukuhlela okubomvu. Amadoda amadala aqhakazile futhi anemibala egqamile, anamaphiko amade anemisebe ekhomba futhi anomzimba omfushane kunowesifazane. Ama-analinsins wesilisa enza ishubhu elifushane - i-gonopodia, kuyilapho kwabesifazane benemithambo emibili. Abesilisa bancane kunabesifazane, banqunu, banombala ogqamile, ngaphezu kwalokho, banamaphethelo akhonjwelekile wamaphini. Ezimweni ze-aquarium, usayizi wezinhlanzi ufinyelela: abesilisa - 3 cm, abesifazane 3.5 cm.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlobo zitholakala endalweni endaweni eyodwa kuphela, ama-oryzias esela avumelana ngokuphelele nezimo ezahlukahlukene e-aquarium. Kuliqiniso, umbala wayo uyafiphala emanzini alukhuni. Inhlanzi yelayisi idla i-artemia kanye ne-tubule esisikiwe, ama-bloodworms, ama-microbeads. Ama-Orizias anokuthula okukhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, enosayizi omncane, azoba umphelelisi ofanele wezinhlobo eziningi. Ngokuzethemba ngokwengeziwe, ukwesabisa kwamasela - kepha aziphatha ngokwengeziwe eqenjini labantu abangu-8 noma ngaphezulu.

Lezi zinhlanzi zithakazelisa kakhulu ku-biology yokuzalwa kwazo. Avuthwe ezinyangeni ezingama-4-6. Ukuzalanisa kuvame ukusebenzisa ama-aquarium angama-12- litre anezitshalo ezintantayo ebusweni. Amanzi kufanele athambeke, mhlawumbe nge-peaty. Ukuqhekeka kuvame ukwenzeka ngemuva kokuthandana ngamandla kwenduna kowesifazane. Owesilisa ufaka amaqanda ngesikhathi sokuwa, lapho owesilisa evala umzimba wesifazane ngenhlawulo yakhe enkulu ye-anal.

Ukusuka emaqanda ayi-12 kuye kwangama-35, axhunywe ngemicu emincane, amiswa ngesimo sesixha sezithelo zomvini lapho kuvulwa isitho sangasese sowesifazane. Njengoba eshiye isidumbu sowesifazane, amaqanda alengiswa ngaphansi kwesisu sakhe emicubeni emincane emincane, okwathi ngesikhathi sokukhula kwamaqanda ngaphakathi, kungenzeka ukuthi yadlala indima yentambo yombilical. Insikazi ibhukuda nge-caviar isikhashana, kuze kube yilapho umthwalo ulahlekile, ubamba okuthile. Owesifazane unamathisela amaqanda ezitshalweni, lapho zilenga khona izinsuku ezingama-3 ukuya kwezi-10, kwesinye isikhathi amasonto amabili, bese kubhungwa kuwo ama-ciliates. I-Artemia ithathwa kuphela izinsuku ezingama-4-5. Ukukhula kwefry yi-spasmodic, khona-ke ayakhula, bese eyeka ukukhula.

Habitat

AmaToris Orisias ahlala e-Indonesia, esigodini saseMata Air Fotuno, esigeleza ngaseningizimu yesifundazwe Southeast Sulawesi, esiqhingini sase Muna. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-20 zezinhlanzi zerayisi zihlala lapha. Umfula uthwala amanzi awo ehlathini elimangalisayo. Ngaphansi komfudlana kuqukethe isihlabathi, udaka, izimpande zokhuni, amaqabunga awile kanye nezibi.

Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi ama-oryizias amasela ahlala kwezinye izinto ezihlala e-Indonesia. Okwamanje akukakwazi ukukufakazela noma ukukuphikisa, ngoba kunamasimu amaningi afundwe kancane esiqhingini saseMalay.

Ukulungiselela kwe-Aquarium

Ngezinhlanzi zerayisi, i-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-35 noma ngaphezulu kufanelekile. I-aquarium kufanele ivalwe ngesivalo, njengoba i-oryzias imvama ukuphuma emanzini.

Uma ufuna ukucwilisa izilwane zakho ezifuywayo - zenzele izimo ezisondele kwemvelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa inhlabathi enesihlabathi, amatshe ambozwe yi-moss ne-Driftwood. Izitshalo zitholakala azungeze umngcele wethangi kanye nangaphezulu.

QAPHELA: Ngaphansi kwesikebhe seMata Air Fotuno, esihlalwa inhlanzi yelayisi, simbozwe ngamahlamvu awile. Uma ufuna ukudala izimo ezintofontofo zezilwane ezifuywayo, faka amaqabunga ambalwa amaqabunga awomile emanzini.

U-Oryzias woworae uzizwa ekhululekile ngokwengeziwe eqenjini labantu abangu-6-8 bohlobo lwalo. Lapho igcinwa yodwa, inhlanzi iba nokuphumula futhi inamahloni, isikhathi sayo sokuphila siyancishiswa.

Amapharamitha wamanzi

Kuma-oryzias, amapharamitha wamanzi alandelayo afanele kakhulu:

• izinga lokushisa 23-27 ° C,
• i-acidity yamayunithi angama-5-7,5,
• ubunzima be-5-15 amayunithi,
• aeration ejwayelekile nokuhlunga,
• ushintsho lwamasonto onke lube ngama-25% amanzi.

Uma amapharamitha amanzi elungele izilwane ezifuywayo ezincane, khona-ke umbala wazo we-neon uzoba okhanyayo futhi ogcwele. Uma umzimba wenhlanzi yelayisi usuphelile, khona-ke ingane izizwa ingakhululekile.

KUBALULEKILE: Uma ama-oryzias ephukile, engeza amanzi emvula noma usawoti ku-aquarium ngesilinganiso segramu 1 ilitha lamanzi. Lokhu kuzosiza inhlanzi ukuthi ilulame ngokushesha futhi ibhekane nengcindezi.

Ukondla

Ama-orice enhlanzi ama-oryzias anikeza zonke izinhlobo zokuphakelwa ezingxenyeni ezincane. Amagazi kanye namagubu anikezwa ngokuqapha, ngoba izinhlanzi azikugayi kahle lokhu kudla. Kwesinye isikhathi ezifuywayo zithathelwa ngamachaphaza asuka ezomeni, emifino nasekudla okubukhoma. Okuncamelayo kunikezwa kokuphakelayo, okubandakanya i-algae.

OKUBALULEKILE: Uma usuthisa ama-oryizi amasela kuphela ngokudla okwomile, umbala wawo uzophela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukubuyela ezilwaneni zabo zangaphambili zobuhle kudinga ukungeza ukondliwa okuphilayo ekudleni kwabo.

Omakhelwane be-Aquarium

Isela le-Orizias linomuntu othanda ukuthula futhi lihlangana kahle nabamele ezinye izinhlobo ezinobukhulu obufana nobuso.

Omakhelwane abafanelekayo kwezinhlanzi zerayisi yilezi:

• i-paring
• ama-microassays,
• imishayo yengilazi yomgwaqo eyisishiyagalombili,
• izinhlobo ezincane zemibhobho yemvula,
• imigwaqo emincane,
• ikati le-chain
• i-loricaria encane,
• i-shrimp caridine neococididine.

QAPHELA: Ama-Aurizias achitha iningi lesikhathi sawo ungqimba olungaphezulu lwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ahambelana kahle nama-Antsistruses, amakhorali, i-loricaria nezinye izinhlanzi ezingezansi.

Ukuzala

U-Orisias wesela lizalela kalula ekudingisweni. Inhlansi yenhlama bese ibekela amaqanda ekuseni. Imibala yowesilisa iba mnyama, uzama ukuyenga insikazi bese idonsa abanye abesilisa kude naye.

Nsuku zonke, insikazi igwinya amaqanda ayi-10-20, ayigqoka isikhashana ngaphansi kwesisu sayo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, umisa amaqanda avundisiwe emaqabungeni ezitshalo.

Uma ukuqhuma kwenzeka e-aquarium ehlukile, khona-ke abakhiqizi kufanele badluliselwe ku-aquarium ejwayelekile ngokushesha ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda.

Ufry osanda kubanjiswa kufanele udluliselwe ku-aquarium ehlukile, ngaphandle kwalokho bayoba isidlo sakusihlwa sabazali babo. Izinsana kufanele zondliwe nge-infusoria, futhi kusukela ngesonto ubudala - nge-nauplii ne-artemia.

Ngakho-ke, i-oryzias yesela iyothokozisa umnikazi wayo ngesimo esizolile nesinokuzithoba. Inhlanzi iguqukela ngokushesha ezimweni ezintsha futhi ivele kabusha kalula ekudingisweni. Ezimweni ezinhle, le ngane izohlala e-aquarium iminyaka emi-4.

Imithetho yokuqukethwe

Amasela e-Orizias ajwayela ngokuphelele amanzi ahlanzekile, noma amanzi abrake. Zigcinwa ezindaweni zasemanzini emazweni ahlukene, lapho isimo sezulu singase sibe ezishisayo noma sifudumele izwekazi. Inhlanzi yelayisi yaseJapan ingatholakala ezindaweni zasemanzini eKorea, eJapan naseChina. I-Oryzias woworae Javanese ithengiswa eThailand kuphela.

Isela le-Orizias, eliqhamukayo esiqhingini saseSulawesi, ngenxa yokungabekeki kahle kwesondlo nokunakekelwa, lingahlala ngisho nasendaweni yethu (isimo sezulu esishisayo). Kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nobumsulwa bamanzi. Izinhlanzi zerayisi zingafakwa kwi-nano-aquarium, ithangi elincane elinezitshalo, ama-mosses, imihlobiso nezindawo zokukhosela. Ukuhlunga kungakhethwa kepha kufiseleka ukuze kugcinwe inhlanzeko. Jwayela ukwenza ama-20% amanzi ngamanzi amasha, ubheke amazinga e-ammonia kanye ne-nitrate echibini.

Amapharamitha anconyelwe ukugcina ku-aquarium: izinga lokushisa kwamanzi 23-27 о С, ubunzima - 4-18 dH, acidity - 6.0-7.5 pH. Mboza ithangi ukuze izinhlanzi zingabi phansi. Shiya maphakathi ne-aquarium ukhululekile ukubhukuda, bese utshala izindonga eziseceleni ngamabhishi ezitshalo zasemanzini. Ungakhetha ama-mosses (iJavanese, Thai), izitshalo ezintantayo, izitshalo eziphakeme. Azilimazi i-greenery - azisikhi noma zisikhiphe emhlabathini.

Ukuhlunga ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium akufanele kube namandla - ama-oryzias akathandi ukugeleza okusheshayo. Umhlambi wezinhlanzi ubhukuda ezingeni lamanzi elijwayelekile, nasengilazini engaphambili, ulindele ukudliwa okulandelayo. Endaweni yokuhlala zasendle, izinhlanzi zerayisi zithanda ukubamba izinambuzane, zidla ifilimu yemvelo evela ebusweni bamanzi, zibhekele amaqanda ezinye izinhlanzi. Izinhlobo ze-Aquarium ngeke zilahle okuphilayo, okufakwayo nokwenziwe iqhwa. Ukudla kufanele kube kuncane, ngoba umlomo wesela oryzias linomlomo omncane.

Izinhlanzi ezingama-Rice zinomlingiswa onokuthula nokuzola, ngakho-ke ingaxazululwa e-aquarium ejwayelekile enezinhlobo ezincane zezinhlanzi. Phakathi kwabo, abesilisa u-Oryzias woworae angalwela ukunakwa kwabesifazane, kepha ukulimala abakutholi. Kungcono ukugcina umhlambi wezinhlanzi ezi-8-10; ngokubodwa, inhlanzi ayizukuphumula futhi inamahloni, ezokwenza impilo yayo ibe mfishane. Kunconywa ukuhlalisa nge-neon, i-parsing, i-tetra encane. Uma uxazulula nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zerayisi, kungenzeka ukuthola inzalo ye-hybrid, okuyinto engathandeki.

Bheka i-aquarium enamasela kanye ne-crystal red shrimp.

Ungazalela kanjani ku-aquarium ejwayelekile?

Ama-orisias angazalela endaweni ehlala emanzini, uma kungekho lapho kugcwele khona. Kodwa-ke, zingakwazi ukuzala izinyanga, ngakho-ke izimo zempilo ezifanele kufanele zenzelwe inzalo yezinhlanzi. Kunconywa ukwenyusa izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifinyelele ku-26-27 ° C. Kumaviki ambalwa ngaphambi kokuqhuma, abakhiqizi badinga ukuphakelwa ukudla okuphilayo.

Ukuzala kwenzeka ekuseni, lapho owesilisa eba nombala ogqamile, futhi avikele indawo yawo ezimangweni zabanye abesilisa. Uzobiza owesimame, okuthi ngemuva kokusakazeka ubekele amaqanda ayi-10-20. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, uzophinda futhi abe ngumenzi. Ukusakaza kungahlala isikhathi eside, izinyanga ezingama-2-3, ngezikhathi ezimfishane.

Amaqanda aqhamuka enamathele, emincane, ngesimo sesigaxa sinamathela emzimbeni wowesifazane. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, amaqanda azowela phansi, anamathele emihlobisweni noma ezitshalweni. Intambo yokwenziwa yokuqhekeka, i-moss, ne-kabomb ingasebenza njengendawo engaphansi komhlaba yokuqaqa.

Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala amasonto ambalwa. Owesilisa nowesifazane abathinti amaqanda abo, noma kunjalo, bangadla nefry. Emaphethelweni ezinsana ethangini kufanele kube nezitshalo eziningi ezinamaqabunga amancane.Futhi, gazinga ingafakwa ethangini, lapho kungcono ukuthulula amanzi ethangini elivamile. Ukudla kokuqala kwama-oryzias ama-oryzias yi-isikhupha seqanda (oqoshiwe), i-microworm, i-brine shrimp. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungcono ukuhlunga amazinyane ukuze izinhlanzi ezincane zingadli.