Izindatshana kuphela eziphathelene nezinhlobo zezinja okufanele zibekwe kulesi sigaba. Kwamaqembu okuzalela, Isigaba: Amaqembu okufuya izinja enzelwe.
Isigaba siqukethe ngokuzenzakalela izindatshana ezisebenzisa izifanekiso zamakhadi << Inja Yezinyoni >>, << I-Dogbreed >>. Ukuze kubhalwe i-athikili lapho kukhona ikhadi elinjalo ukuthi lingangeni kulesi sigaba (ngokwesibonelo, i-athikili ekhuluma ngeqembu lezinja zezinja), udinga ukugcwalisa isigaba seSigaba kuthempulethi, okukhombisa isigaba esifunayo.
Zonke izinja zizalela kukhathalogi eyodwa
Izinhlobo zezinja ziye zazalelwa izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka. Le nqubo iyaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla. Ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo azinako ukuhlukahluka kofuzo okufana nezinja. Yini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kweChihuahua neGreat Dane?
Kunezincazelo ezahlukahlukene zalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuzalanisa." Izinhlobo empeleni zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngezinhloso ezisebenzayo ezafuywayo zokuzalela. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinja ezibhalisiwe ziyihlobo lwendabuko olunomlando omude kakhulu. Umsuka kwezinye izinhlobo zezinja uhlotshaniswa ngokushesha namazwe amabili noma amathathu. Zonke izinhlobo zezinja zendabuko zibhalwe kuFCI (International Cynological Federation), kepha ezinye izinhlobo ezintsha zisakhiwa.
Ngenhloso esebenzayo, zonke izinhlobo zezinja zihlukaniswe ngezigatshana ezinjengezinja ezisebenzayo, izinja ezifuywayo (umndeni), izinja zezinkomo, izinja zokuqapha, ukuzingela nezinja ezihlanyiwe. Izinja ezisebenzayo zisetshenziswa, ngokwesibonelo, kwezokwelapha noma ekusebenzeni kwamaphoyisa. Izinja zomndeni zifuyelwa ikhaya futhi azinayo injongo ebonakalayo yokusebenza. Izinja zezinkomo zisebenza nemfuyo. Izinja zokuqapha kumele zivikele impahla. Bakhonkotha kakhulu lapho bezwa umuntu ongenile, ngaleyo ndlela bexwayisa inkosi yabo. Ukuzingela izinja kusiza umnikazi ekuzingeleni. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinja zinamakhono akhethekile wokuzingela. Izinja ezihlikiwe zavunyelwa ukuthutha izimpahla ngamaqembu asendaweni ezikude.
Ake sibheke ngemininingwane eminingi ngayinye yezinhlobo zezinja zezinja:
- Izinja ezilwayo ziyizinja ezakhelwe imvelo uqobo lwayo (imvamisa kubandakanya abantu) ngendlela yokuthi idale umonakalo omkhulu esitheni. Ekuqaleni, zazisetshenziswa nasekulweleni izinja, kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokuba le nhlobo inqatshelwe emhlabeni jikelele, lezi zinja zazisetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuzivikela nokuzivikela kuphela.
- I-Hypoallergenic - Izinhlobo zezinja ezingadali i-allergies, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphansi kwezinto ezithile ezicasulayo ulwelwesi lwama-mucous. Kepha naka iqiniso lokuthi i-allergy yehlukile, futhi uma umuntu, ngokwesibonelo, ephethwe yisifuba somoya (i-asthma) ene-allergy yezinwele zezilwane kanye ne-fluff, khona-ke kuye inja ye-hypoongegenic ayinandaba. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuhlaselwa uqobo kubangelwa ijazi ngokwalo, futhi izinto ezithungwa yisikhumba senja seziyinto yesibili. Ngakho-ke, uma une-allergy eyodwa noma enye, kungcono ukubonisana ne-allergist ngaphambi kokuthenga umngane onemilenze emine.
- Ukuhlobisa - njengomthetho, lezi izinja ezincane ezinomsebenzi owodwa kuphela - ukuba abangane abathandekayo nabahle kubantu. Ezinye zalezi zinhlobo ngaphambili zazisetshenziselwa ukuzingela, kepha ezweni lanamuhla, ukuzingela izilwane ezincane zisebenzisa izinja ezincane ezinjalo kuyaqabukela.
- Ezinganeni - lesi sigaba sifaka lezo zinja ezihlobene kahle nezingane futhi zingenza njengohlobo lwenja. Isibonelo, bonke abathandi bezinja bayazi ukuthi uhlobo lweLabrador Retriever ilungele imindeni enezingane ezincane. Eqinisweni, ngisho nenja elwayo ingaba nothando olukhulu ngezingane, isibonelo esihle yi-pit inkunzi terrier.
- Ukuvikela - imvamisa, kufaka lezo zinja ngokwemvelo ezinokuzinikela okuphezulu nezimfanelo ezinhle zokulwa. Izinja ezinjalo zingahle zingalungeli ukuvikela indawo yendlu yangasese, kepha ngokuvikela ekuhlaselweni ngumnikazi, azinakulingana lapha. Vele, uma ufuna ukuthola inja enjalo, kungcono ukuyinikeza uqeqesho olufanele kusuka kumqeqeshi oqeqeshiwe.
- Efulethini - ngokuyisisekelo, lezi zinja zifaka izinhlobo ezizalwe, ngenxa yomzimba wazo kanye ne-psyche eguquguqukayo, efanelekile ukugcinwa eflethini. Eqinisweni, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi lalezi zilwane lincane noma liphakathi ngosayizi, lokhu akuyona njalo into ethatha isinqumo. Kukhona izinja ezinkulu ezihamba kahle efulethini ledolobha elijwayelekile. Futhi, okuphambene nalokho, kunezinja ezisezingeni eliphakathi ezithanda ukuba semgwaqweni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, uma zihlala eflethini, zidinga ukuhamba amabanga amade.
- I-Sledding - naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuhamba emathafeni ambozwe yiqhwa nezinja kuya ngokuya kuba yinto yesikhathi esidlule, lezi zilwane zithandwa kakhulu. Okokuqala - sibonga ukubukeka okumangazayo nobuhlakani obuthuthukisiwe. Mhlawumbe uhlobo olusasele kakhulu i-husky ne-malamute.
- Ukuzingela - okokuqala, lezi zinja ezinomkhuba wokuzalwa ukuzingela, uhlobo oluthile lwenkumbulo yesizwe, kanye nomzimba othile. Isibonelo, uhlobo lwePointer lungalethwa - izinja ezinciphile, ezinemisipha, nezomelele kakhulu ezinemvelo enhle yokuzingela. Enye inzalo edume kakhulu yiGreyyhound, noma iGreyhound.
- AmaSentinels - leli qembu lifaka lezo zilwane, ngenxa yezici zazo zomzimba nezengqondo, ezilungele ukuvikela amazwe angasese. Imvamisa, lezi zinja zihlala kakhulu ezweni, azesabi, zinosayizi omkhulu, amandla amakhulu futhi zihlala nabantu ongabazi. Isibonelo esijabulisayo kunazo zonke senja yokuqapha i-Alabai, noma uMelusi oPhakathi wase-Asia.
Khetha inja kahle.
Njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uqondile, izinhlobo zohlobo ngalunye ngasikhathi sinye zingaba zezigaba eziningana. Isibonelo, inja elwayo ingahle ilungele ifulethi, futhi uhlobo oluthile lokuhlobisa lungahle lube yi-hypoallergenic.
Ukukhetha umngane onezinyawo ezine kulandela ngokuhlakanipha, ngemuva kokukala konke okuhle nokubi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapha akudingeki ucabange nje ngokunethezeka nokuphepha kwakho, kepha futhi nokuthi zingakanani izimo zokuphila ongasinikeza isilwane esimfanele.
Hhayi impilo yakho kuphela kule minyaka eyi-10- 10 ezayo ezokuya ekukhetheni kwakho, kepha nempilo yomngane wakho onezinyawo ezine, impilo nenhlala-kahle yakhe. Ngakho-ke, akufanele wenze ukukhetha ngokusekelwe kwizifiso zesikhashana.
Ukuzalela yiphi inja ukukhetha
Izinja zilungile izilwane ezifuywayo ezithandwa kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi zabelana ngesundu ngamakati. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani namakati asebukhosini, okuvame ukuba ezingqondweni zabo, bakulungele ukugibela emlilweni nasemanzini angemuva komnikazi. Kunzima ukwedlula ukubaluleka kwalezi zilwane - zenza izinsiza zokuqapha futhi zithungatha, ziba ngababhali abakhubazekile, zisize ekubambeni umdlalo, zibambe iqhaza ekudleni nasekuvikeleni imfuyo, ukudonsa izinqola ezidonswa ngamahhashi, kuba abangane abahle futhi abathembekile, abalungele izindleko zempilo yabo ukuzimela zomnikazi. Akumangazi ukuthi yizinja ezihlonishwa ngokuqondile phakathi kwabantu - okukhulunywa ngazo ezincwadini, ezifakwe emamuvi, ezingafi ezikhumbuzweni ezizungeze umhlaba.
Namuhla kuphelile Izinhlobo zezinja ezingama-400 - mncane kakhulu (ngokwesibonelo, i-chihuahua, i-Russian toy terrier, i-Pekingese, i-Yorkshire terrier, njll.) futhi enkulu (i-Great Dane, iSt. Bernard, isiNgisi, iSpanish, ama-mastiffs ama-Tibetan), izinwele ezibushelelezi (i-Doberman, i-Greyhound, i-Dalmatia, i-American Staffordshire terrier) futhi ihlotshiswe ngoboya obude obukhulu (Malta lap-inja, Shih Tzu, hound Afghan, Shapendua). Okuyinhloko umehluko phakathi kwezinja ezihlanzekile nezinja ze-mongrel (okuthiwa ama-mongrels) aqukethe ukungenelela komuntu ngokubukeka kwawo kanye nentuthuko. Iningi lokuzala izinja lenziwa umsebenzi wezazi zofuzo, abafuyi bezimpahla, umsebenzi wabo okuhloswe ngawo ukuzala ingaphandle elithile, umlingiswa. Okuhlukile izinhlobo zabomdabu, eyakhiwa ezikhathini zasendulo ngemvelo ngaphansi kwethonya lesimo sezulu esithile (Samoyeds, izinja zomalusi zaseCentral Asia, njll. kungabikwa zona). Izinhlobo zezinja zenzelwe ukusiza umuntu endaweni ethile - ekuzingeleni, ezindabeni zamasosha, ukuvikela izindlu nakweminye imikhakha. Imvamisa, umsebenzi wososayensi kwakuwukuzala izinja zokuhlobisa zasendlini, okuhloselwe ukujabulisa umnikazi wazo kuphela.
Umlando wokuvela kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinja
Uma siphendukela ezindala, singakhomba ukhokho oyinhloko wazo zonke izinhlobo zezinja zanamuhla - impisi. Imibono yososayensi iyahluka ngesikhathi sokuphathwa kwempisi, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, lokhu kwenzeka kusuka eminyakeni eyi-15,000 kuye ku-50 000 edlule. Izizathu zokubethela isisulu emaqenjini abantu azicaci. Enye inguqulo ithi abantu abazimiselayo basebenzise izimpisi ekuzingeleni nasezidingweni zabo (kudliwe inyama yezimpisi ezivuthiwe, izingubo zazithungwa zikhunjulwa ngezikhumba). Enye inguqulo ukuthi izilwane zasendle ngokwazo zazifuna ukudla kubantu basendulo. Bebuthakathaka buthakathaka futhi baxoshwe emhlambini, abantu ngokuzimele bahlanganisa ukuhlaliswa kwabantu futhi babesetshenziselwa ukuzingela nokuvikela izindlu okufanayo. Izinsalela zezinja zatholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kokukhetha, izithombe zazo zingafi kwimidwebo yasendulo yasendulo nopende, okubonisa ukuthandwa okudala kwalezi zilwane.
Isiza sokuzingela se-Boar nenja, isithombe saseRoma sasendulo
Izinhlobo zakudala zezinja kwakheka eMhlabeni ngesikhathi lapho kungekho owaziyo ngokukhethwa. Lawa ngabantu (bomdabu noma bakudala), abane-DNA yabo eduzane nabelusi - u-Akita noShiba Inu, u-Alaskan Malamutes, uSiberian Husky, uSharpei nabanye. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngaphezu kwezinja zomdabu, kwavela izinja zefektri - ezifuywayo ngenxa yokuwela izilwane ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zasendulo. Isisekelo sokudalwa kwezinhlobo eziningi zohlobo lwefektri kwakungu-inbreeding - ukuhlangana okungaphakathi kwabantu bomdabu, kanye nokukhonjwa kanye nokuqedwa kwemiphumela yaso engathandeki (imvelo enolaka noma enamahloni, ukwakheka komzimba okungafanele, ingaphandle elingasebenzi). Ukufuywa kwezinja kufinyelele encotsheni yayo ngekhulu le-19-20 leminyaka, lapho izinhlobo eziningi zezinja zakhiwa futhi zamukelwa izinhlangano zezesayensi yobuchopho.
Izinhlobo Zokuzala Kwezinja
Ngokuya ngemithetho ye-International Cynological Organisation, izinhlobo zezinja zingahlukaniswa ngokulandelayo ngamaqembu:
Izinja eziqaphiwe - umsebenzi wazo uhlose ukuvikela impahla yomnikazi. Izwa ingozi, izinja eziqaphiwe zixwayisa umnikazi ngegxolo elikhulu, ngasikhathi sinye zibalekele abangahle bahlakaniphe. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlaselwa kwesitha esingahle kufakwe emisebenzini yezilwane ezinjalo (lo mehluko wabo ophambili kusuka ezinja zokugada). Imvamisa, izilwane ezifuywayo ezinkulu zilethwa njengabalindi, abangakwazi ukwethusa ukungenela okuthile okuhle kothile. Leli qembu lifaka abelusi baseJalimane nabaseCaucasian, abalindi baseMoscow, amaRottweilers.
Izinja zokuqapha - inzuzo yazo - ukuhlaselwa okuthule futhi okungalindelekile kumuntu ongaziwa oweza nezinhloso ezinonya wangena endaweni yomnikazi. Ngokungafani nababuki ababukela phezulu uma kungenzeka kube nengozi, izinja zokuqapha zisebenza buthule. Ngomyalo womnikazi, inja inesibopho sokukhipha "inyamazane", ngaphandle kokuhlela impi enegazi. Izinja zokuphepha - amaDobermans, ama-Staffordshire terriers, uCane Corso, izinja eziningi ezingamalusi nazo zingaqeqeshwa ngokuphelele ukuqapha impahla yomnikazi.
Izinja ezizingelayo - leli qembu lifaka ama-gundogs (ama-vyzhl waseHungary, ama-setter, ama-Weimar gundogs), ama-greyhound (ama-canine greyhound, i-Hortaya, i-Afghan hound nabanye), ama-hound (ama-Russian piebald, ama-Estonia, ama-hound ama-Russian-Russian), i-retriever (i-Labrador, UGolden, uCurly Retriever), amaSpanels (amaMelika namaNgisi amaNgisi, iSussex neWelsh Springer Spaniels), amaDachshunds, amaTerriers (uYagd Terrier, uFox Terrier, uJack Russell Terrier nezinye izinhlobo), abakwaSpitz namaHuskies - bangabaka Iqembu elilodwa (ama-Yakut huskies, izinja zebhere zikaKarelian, i-spitz yaseFinland, njll. abanye).
Izinja zokwelusa - zenzelwe ukusiza epulazini. Umsebenzi wabo ukufuya imihlambi yezinkomo, ukuvikela izinkomo ezethembekile kumphangi, ukuxosha abangalungile ezindlini zomnikazi. Izinja eziningi ezingabelusi ezimweni zasemadolobheni ziba izinja ezihambisana nazo ngenxa yesistimu yazo yezinzwa ezinzile, impilo nokuthembeka, kanye nezikhulu futhi ngisho nokugada nokuqapha (njengoku, isibonelo, umalusi waseJalimane). Izinja zezinkomo - UCollie, uMoody, uCroatia, isiPhuthukezi, uMelusi waseRomania.
Izinja zasendlini nezokuhlobisa - lezi zilwane zinobukhulu obuncane, zicashile ngokwanele futhi zibuthakathaka ukufeza noma imuphi umsebenzi ngaphandle kokujabulisa nokuhambisana nomniniyo. Lezi zinja zihlanganisa izinhlobo: i-chin yaseJapan, i-toy spaniel, i-Chinese crested.
Izinja zozakwethu - lezi zilwane ziye zaba abangane babantu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Abakwazi ukuhlala hhayi efulethini kuphela, kodwa futhi ezindizeni zasemgwaqweni. Noma kunjalo, bonke abalingani badinga ukuxhumana kwesikhathi eside nomnikazi, imidlalo, ukuhamba. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zezinja zingaba ngosayizi abahlukahlukene, imvamisa zihlukaniswa ngesimilo esihle, okungelona ulaka, ukulalela. Izinja zozakwethu zingahlukaniswa ngokuthi izimbotshana, amapulangwe, ubuhlalu, yize izinhlobo eziningi ezinemfundo efanele zingaba abangane beqiniso lomuntu wanamuhla.
Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho ukhetha umdlwane
Ngaphambi kokuthola i-puppy, umnikazi wesikhathi esizayo kufanele anqume ngokucacile uhlobo olufunayo kanye nenhloso yokusungula inja. Kungcono ukutadisha izimfanelo zamadwala, ukuze ungangeni enkingeni. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngemizamo yenkuthalo yososayensi kwezinye izinhlobo zohlobo oluthile, umsebenzi ovelele, ubutha, isibonelo, maqondana nezilwane, ukuqaphelisisa kanye nokuzethemba komuntu, kwaqala kwabekwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinja, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zihlukaniswa ngesimilo sazo esithambile nesinempilo, ikhono lazo lokuhlangana nabantu nezilwane. Ngakho-ke, umnikazi kufanele aqale ngokuqondiswa yizidingo zakhe kanye nomlingiswa wenja yesikhathi esizayo, hhayi ngokubukeka kwesilwane. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthenga inja kufanele:
Nquma hhayi kuphela ngohlobo, kepha futhi nobukhulu bezilwane ezifuywayo. Isikhala esincane sokuphila akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuvunyelwe izinja zezinja ezinkulu (ama-mastiffs, izinja, njll.) Ukuba zigcinwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi abanezinyawo ezine njengomoya badinga umsebenzi wezimoto, ovame ukwenzeka kuphela lapho behlala endaweni yezindlu zangasese noma zezwe enezindawo ezibiyelwe.
Qondisisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukunakekela inja elichitha kakhulu noma elinezinwele ezinde. Uma umnikazi wenja enesikhathi esincane, akunangqondo ukuqala isilwane esidinga ukuzilolonga nsuku zonke - zombili izilwane ezifuywayo kanye nefulethini lonke elimbozwe ngejazi loboya lizobukeka lingahlanzekile.
Thola ubudala besilwane - imidlwane ivame ukutholwa ineminyaka eyi-2 izinyanga. Kulesi simo, ungakha umlingiswa wenja yenkululeko yakho yokuzikhethela, ngenkathi abantu abadala, okokuqala, kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukubekezelela inqubo yokuzivumelanisa nezindlu ezintsha, futhi okwesibili, bayoba nemikhuba efakwe ngumuntu wangaphandle (umfuyi wempahla).
Khetha ubulili benja. Imvamisa imishayo inemvelo enhle futhi ezolile kunabesilisa. Ngenkathi abesilisa besebenza kakhulu, ngaphandle kokukhuliswa ngendlela efanele, bangaqala ukulwa nezinye izilwane - ekhaya nasekuhambeni.
I-Orient lapho kuhlelwa khona ukuthengwa kwezingane - emakethe yezinyoni, nge-Intanethi, enkulisa yokuzalanisa. Amanani ezinja asezindlini abonakala ephezulu, kodwa kulapho ungathenga khona isilwane esiphilile futhi sigonyelwe ngemibhalo, esizalwe izinja ngaphandle kwezifo zofuzo.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga imidlwane kufanele uqinisekise impilo yakhe -bheka isimo samazinyo, amehlo, izindlebe, ukubamba esiswini, ama-paws, ahlole ijazi, futhi uqiniseke ukubuza umthengisi (ikakhulukazi lapho isilwane sithengwa emakethe) ngabazali benja, uhlobo lwaso, ukondleka.
Noma ikuphi ukuzalanisa imidlwane ekhethiwe, umnikazi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi aqaphele umthwalo wakhe wemfanelo, okungukuthi: ukunakekelwa okuhle (ukuhamba, ukugeza, ukuhlanganisa, izinqubo zokuhlanzeka), ukondleka okuhle (ukudla kwemvelo noma ukudla okulungiselelwe ezimbonini), ukuxhumana nsuku zonke nenja (kufaka phakathi imidlalo, ukuqeqeshwa nokuqeqeshwa), esivivinyweni esivamile esivivinywa ngudokotela wezilwane, ekuhleleni indawo yenja (ilokhi yasekhaya ekhoneni elinokuthula nelinokuthula, indiza yangaphandle ene-booth ehlanganisiwe), ngamakhono akhe - inja njalo kodwa kudinga isikhathi esiningi, kungaba Naughty, ngisho ukwenza edelela umnikazi, kube Naughty ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, ukusabela komnikazi kungaqina ngokulingene, kungaze kuthi lapho ushaya inja noma umthuke.