Igama lesi Latin: | I-Haematopus ostralegus |
Isigcawu: | I-Charadriiformes |
Umndeni: | Magpie Waders |
Ongakukhetha: | Incazelo yezinhlobo zaseYurophu |
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Isihlabathi esikhulu, esakhiwe ngokungenamkhawulo esilingana nesikhokho, sinomlomo omude, oqondile okhanyayo obomvu, imilenze ephansi ebomvu nezinsimbi ezihlukile: ingaphezulu nesifuba kumnyama, phansi kumhlophe. Izintambo ezinobude obuphakathi, obukhali futhi obuncane, umsila uyindilinga kancane. Ubude bomzimba 40-46 cm, amaphiko angama-80-86 cm, isisindo esingu-440-600 g .abesilisa nabesifazane abahlukile ngaphandle. Azikho izinhlobo ezifanayo.
Incazelo. Ikhanda, intamo, isifunda se-interscapular kanye ne-goiter kumnyama ngombala obomvu onsimbi. Kukhona ichashaza elimhlophe ngaphansi kwamehlo. Ngaphansi komzimba, emuva, i-nadhvost nezimpaphe ezingaphezulu zesembozo zimhlophe. Izimpaphe eziyisisekelo izimpukane zimdaka, izimpaphe ezindizayo zibemhlophe. Izembozo zephiko elingaphansi nezimpaphe ze-axillary zimhlophe. Endizeni, umugqa omhlophe obanzi ubonakala kahle kusuka phezulu. Umsila onsundu omnyama, umhlophe ngaphansi. Uqhwaku lubomvu okhanyayo noma lu-orange-bomvu, imilenze ibomvu-bomvu noma ipinki, uthingo lubomvu, kukhona indandatho ebomvu yesikhumba ezungeze iso. Izinyoni zabantu abadala ezembathweni zasebusika zinombala ofanayo nhlobo ehlobo, kepha kukhona ibala elimhlophe ngesimo sentamo yomphimbo emphinjeni, bese kuthi ekugcineni komlomo kube nsundu.
Izinyoni ezincane ezigqokeni lwentsha ziyafana nezinyoni ezindala ezimpaphe zasebusika, kodwa hhayi ezimnyama ngaphezulu, kodwa zimthungi ngokukhanya, okuphezulu okuphephukile kwezimpaphe. Kayikho indawo emhlophe yomphimbo, umlomo ubu mnyama nesisekelo sewolintshi esingcolile, sifushane kunabantu abadala, imilenze in nsundu, uthingo lube nsundu, isikhumba se-periorbital simnyama. Izinyoni ezincane ezingutsheni yokuqala yasebusika nazo zibukeka njengezinyoni ezindala ngengubo yasebusika, kodwa izindwani ze-ocher zigcinwa embozweni ongaphezulu wembobo nasezivikelweni eziphakeme zephiko, kunendawo emhlophe yomphimbo. I-Downy chick phezulu inombala onsundu ngombala omnyama. Phakathi nendawo emuva kunemivimbo emnyama emibili, esihlokweni sekhanda nasemuva lekhanda kunephethini eliyinkimbinkimbi lamabala amnyama. Ngemuva komzimba kuboshwe umucu omnyama omncane. Umugqa omnyama futhi udlula phakathi koqhwaku nensimbi. Umphimbo nentamo grey ngaphambili, konke kumhlophe. Uqhotho umnyama, ucindezelwe kamuva ngendlela efanayo nakwabadala.
Vota. Ikholi izwakala ibukhali futhi icacilekrrriyu". Imisindo yokukhathazeka - okuvela ngokusheshaI-Ki-pit, i-Ki-pit", Noma"masinyane, masinyane". Imisinga eyenzeka ngokundiza noma emhlabathini iqala ngemisindo efanayo iphenduka itrill eqhubekayo "okusheshayo, okusheshayo-okusheshayo-okusheshayo-okuyi-wrrr-rrr».
Isimo Sokusabalalisa. Ububanzi bukhulu kakhulu, kufaka phakathi imingcele cishe yazo zonke iziqhingi nezwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Abamele izinhlangano ezingaphansi ezimbili bahlala endaweni yase-Russia yaseYurophu - enyakatho magpie (H. o. i-ostralegus), ngihlala ngasogwini loLwandle i-Baltic, White and Barents, ezindaweni ezisekupheleni kweNyakatho Dvina, eningizimu kuya ePinega okuphakathi nePechora ephakathi, izwe Magpie (H. o. eside), ehlala emanzini angaphakathi eningizimu yezigodi zemifula yaseMologa neyakwaSukhona, iLake Kubensky, kanye nasogwini lolwandle i-Azov, iBlack and Caspian. Ubusika bezinyoni ezihlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia, esisogwini lolwandle lwaseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Afrika, iMedithera yase-Afrika, uLwandle Olubomvu kanye nePersian Gulf, ogwini lwe-Atlantic lwaseFrance, iBelgium neNetherlands.
Indlela yokuphila. Ezindaweni ezizaliswayo kuvela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya maphakathi noMeyi. Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane bavame ukubuyela kumasayithi abo okudlela owedlule. Okwamanje kuchazwe kahle futhi kwenzeka emoyeni nasemhlabeni. Lapho iphonsa emoyeni, inyoni imvama indiza ngaphezu kwamanzi ngamakhala amakhulu, iqonde kancane futhi ngokujulile icwenge amaphiko ayo, ngenkathi intamo iselulelwe phambili, umsila uvulekile, umlomo ubuhliselwa phansi. Izimbili zezimboni zasolwandlekazi ezingamashumi amane ezihlala ezindaweni ezinkulu ezivikela kumabili angomakhelwane, ezindaweni eziseduzane ezisogwini — amagagasi amane, izindawo ezivikelwe zingaba zincane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho zidla esiqhingini solwandle. Owesifazane wenza imigodi eminingana yokudla esidlekeni, kwesinye lapho afaka amaqanda. Izindawo ezihlala kuzo zintle njengamabhishi asolwandle anamatshe agobekayo, igobolondo noma izihlabathi, umfula wamfula kanye namabhange amatshe amatshe amakha, iziqhingi neziqhingi, ogwini oluvulekile lwamachibi kasawoti endaweni eyi-steppe nasezindaweni eziwugwadule, kwesinye isikhathi kube nezindawo ezinotshani obuncane kanye nezimbotshana zikasawoti. Ekufudukeni, izinyoni ziyema ogwini oluvulekile lwamachibi ahlukahlukene.
Isidleke sibekwa sivulekile ngokuphelele emhlabathini, hhayi kaningi, ngesikhukhula esiphakeme futhi isikhathi eside, emaphethelweni emifantu yamabhange emifula futhi kwesinye isikhathi ezihlahleni. Isidleke singumgodi ongashoni oboshwe izingcezu zamagobolondo, amatshe amatshe, imfucumfucu yemifino, ngesinye isikhathi kungahle kungabi khona i-lining nhlobo. Ubumbano bukhona amaqanda ama-3-4, akufani ama-2 esihlabathi-aphuzi noma ama-fawn ngama-brown kanye namachashazi amnyama, ama-curls namabala. Uma kwenzeka kufa, umakhi angaphinde adle isidleke. Bobabili ababambisene basebenzisana izinsuku ezingama-25- 28, bavame ukuphumelela bodwa. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, bashiya isidleke kusengaphambili, bashiye buthule, bese behamba bese bezungeleza ngokukhala okuthusayo ngomthombo wokukhathazeka. Abanye abantu benza izibonakaliso eziphazamisayo zenyoni elimele noma eqhaqhile, noma ukuhlaselwa ngokundiza endaweni eyingozi futhi bezame ukushaya ngophiko. Izilwane ezinomdlandla obomvu (ama-corvid, gulls, izinyoni ezidla) zihlaselwa ngonya emoyeni, zishushiswe futhi zixoshwe.
Zombili lezi zinyoni ezindala zinakekela amachwane, abazali bazondla amasonto amathathu, kwesinye isikhathi zilethe ukudla okude. Ngesikhathi sokudla, inyoni endala iletha inkukhu embizeni, iyibambe ngoqhwaku lwayo, futhi ibeke ukudla emhlabathini ngamathole amakhulu futhi ime inganyakazi isikhathi eside phambi kokudla, yehlise umlomo wayo kuze kube yilapho iphuphu liqagela ukubamba ukudla. Ngokuvamile zondla eduze namanzi noma emanzini angajulile. Ziyakwazi ukubhukuda kahle, futhi zishone zisengozini. Izinyoni ezincane zikwazi ukundiza zineminyaka eyi-6. Isikhathi sokuhamba sisuka kumasayithi esidleke kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Isikhala sihamba nemifula emikhulu noma ogwini lolwandle. Ukudla okuyinhloko ama-bivalve mollusks, izinyoni ezizisusa emagobolondweni, kungaba ngokunamathisela uqhwaku emaphepheni avuleke kancane bese wephula umsipha ovala igobolondo, noma ngokubhoboza imisele, ngemuva kokubeka igobolondo edwaleni noma phakathi kwamatshe.
Izinambuzane ezingaphansi kwamatshe zitholakala ngokufaka uqhwaku ngaphansi kwetshe elixegayo bese uluguqula ngokuvula uqhwaku. Kudonswa ama-polychaetes kusilika, afaka uqhwaku emhlabathini futhi abambe izibungu ngobukhulu bawo. Amagobolondo eCrustacean aphulwe yimivimbo yoqhwaku, kanti izinambuzane zasemhlabeni nezibungu zazo ziqoqwe kusuka endaweni enhlabathini noma emanzini angajulile. Ngaphezu kwama-invertebrates asemanzini, adla namabhungane ahlukahlukene nezibungu zawo, amacimbi emvemvane, izindlebe zezindlebe, nezibungu ze-diptera.
ISandpiper Magpie (I-Haematopus ostralegus)
Lapho kuhlala khona
Ububanzi be-sandpiper ye-magpie bukhulu kakhulu. Le nyoni isatshalaliswa ezigodini zase-Arctic, Atlantic, Baltic naseMedithera, ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Asia Minor, engxenyeni eseYurophu yaseRussia, eNtshonalanga Siberia empumalanga kuye e-Abakan, ogwini olusenyakatho yoLwandle Olumnyama nolweCaspian, eKazakhstan naseCentral Asia, ogwini lwePacific. I-Asia isenyakatho yeKamchatka naseningizimu ePeninsula yaseKorea. Ngaphezu kwalokho, itholakala ezigodini zase-Afrika, e-Australia, eNew Guinea, eNew Zealand, e-Iceland, eNyakatho nePhakathi naseNingizimu Melika.
Pair of waders amashumi amane
Okunye okubhalwe phansi kwe-sandpiper yama-magpie akuvamile kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isikhondlakhondla sezwekazi i-Haematopus ostralegus longipenis, esatshalaliswa ngokuyisisekelo engxenyeni yaseYurophu ebangeni, eliwele ekhasini leNcwadi Ebomvu. Uhla lwale mibukiso luhlalwa yisikhungo naseningizimu yeRussia YaseYurophu, iSiberia eseNtshonalanga futhi ngokwengxenye. Futhi izinyoni zalesi sigcawu zidlulela ogwini loLwandle Olubomvu, iPersian Gulf, India naseMpumalanga Afrika.
Izindawo zokuhlala zezindawo ezaziwa ngokuthi yi-sandpiper-magpie zitholakala ezigodini zemifula emikhulu naphakathi, osebeni lwamachibi amatsha nosawoti. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ihlala ezimfundeni ezigcwele izikhukhula, ezindlini zezigodi zesihlabathi, ngisho nasemasimini amazambane.
Kubukeka kanjani
I-Magpie Magpie iyinyoni enkulu (enamaphiko afinyelela ku-86 cm) enenqwaba yemibala emnyama nehlophe, umlomo omkhulu oqondile wamawolintshi futhi hhayi imilenze emide kakhulu epinki. Owesilisa nowesifazane banemibala efanayo. Umzimba nesifuba senyoni simnyama, kanti umzimba ophansi umhlophe. Izinyoni ezincane zihlukile kubantu abadala abanombala onsundu ngombala, ubuhlalu obumnyama nemilenze ansundu. Umbala wenkukhu ewele phansi ungwephuzi ophuzi phezulu ngemivimbo emnyama emide, emhlophe ngezansi.
Indlela yokuphila
Isidleke singumgodi omncane emhlabathini, oseduze kwamanzi. I-lining isidleke ingaba ngaphandle ngokuphelele noma ihlanganiswe nenani elincane lekani lotshani, izinti, amatshe amatshe, amafulethi wegobolondo.
Izinyoni ezincane zemidlwane zigcina eduze namanzi nabazali bazo, futhi ekuqaleni izinyoni ezindala zondla amantshontsho, bese ziqala ukuzondla.
Ama-Magpie waders adla ama-invertebrates asemanzini naseduze namanzi (ama-crustaceans, izibungu zezinambuzane, izibungu) nezinhlanzi, kepha ukudla kwazo okuyinhloko ama-bivalve mollusks (ibhali kanye ne-toothless), amaphiko awo izinyoni ezivula ngobuciko ngomlomo wazo omude oqinile.
Imvamisa ukwakhiwa kwezidleke ezingamatshumi amane kudilizwa yimakhaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezindawo zokugcina impahla kanye nomthwalo wokuzijabulisa osebeni lwamanzi olwemizimba, inani lezindawo ezilungele ukudlekwa kwale subspecies liyancishiswa.
Ukuzala
Lapho kubekwa i-magpie, kuvame ukuba nama-3 ama-sandy-yellow amaqanda anesihlabathi ophuzi anamabala ansundu. Kokubili okweduna nowesilisa kufakwa kubo ngokuhlukile izinsuku ezingama-23-27. Ama-raven, amaqhubu amakhulu nezinyoni ezidla inyama, ama-sandpipers ama-magpie axoshwa ngobudlova endaweni yezidleke. Lapho esondela esidlekeni somuntu, izinyoni ziyandiza kuye ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi zindiza ngokungakhathali zizwakalise ukukhala okucasulayo, kwesinye isikhathi ziyantshontsha noma omunye wabo athathe isivakashi esingamenyiwe esidlekeni, enze sengathi ulimele.
Ngabe idlani imantshi?
Umthombo wokudla oyinhloko we-magpie sandpiper ubhekwa njengezilwane zasemanzini. Kodwa-ke, inhlanzi akuyona ukudla okuyinhloko kwale nyoni. UMagpie udla ama-mollusks, ama-amphipods, ama-earthworms, ama-dragonflies, izimpukane ze-caddis, imayflies, kanye nama-sandbands ngentokozo. Le sandpiper ayinqabuki amaqanda ezinye izinyoni, ngaphezu kwalokho - ingakwazi nokungenela amachwane amancane!
Ufuna ukudla ogwini noma emanzini angajulile. Kwesinye isikhathi angasebenzisa ikhono lakhe lokubhukuda ukuzingela izilwane zasemanzini. Ngosizo lomlomo wakhe obukhali futhi oqinile, i-sandpiper magpie iqhekeza kalula amagobolondo e-mollusks futhi ijabulele inyama yayo ebucayi ngobumnandi.
Ama-Magpie waders abuthene endaweni yokudla.
Lalela izwi leMagpie Sandpiper
Izwi le-sandpiper ejwayelekile ye-magpie
Izwi le-American magpie sandpiper
Izwi le-Australia Magpie Sandpiper
Ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi iqala ukubeka amaqanda, okuyinto okufakwa ngaphakathi, ngokwesilinganiso, izinsuku ezingama-27. Zombili izimbotshana zezinsikazi zowesilisa nabesifazane zibamba iqhaza kule nqubo. Uma ukubumbana kubulawa ngengozi, insikazi imhlehlisela owesibili ngokushesha.
Amachwane azalwe anesisindo esingengaphezu kwama-30 amagremu, kepha ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila athole isisindo ngokushesha. Abazali bondla izingane zabo cishe amasonto amathathu, emva kwalokho amachwane aqala inqubo yokuzondla.
Izimbotshana zemizila engamashumi amane zifuna izilwane emanzini angajulile.
I-alamu phakathi kososayensi bezazi zezilwane ukungazinzile ekukhiqizweni kwezidalwa ezinamatshumi amane, noma kunalokho, ukubulawa okukhulu kwamantshontsho asanda kuzalwa nokuvuthwa kwamaqanda okungaphelele. Kwakunezimo eziningi lapho kwakungekho noyedwa owayeqhamuka emaqanda aqandisiwe ... Kepha ngokusemthethweni inani lalezi zinyoni namuhla alibangeli ukukhathazeka.
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