Isilwane esihlakaniphile, esiqinile futhi esiqaphile sike saba khona kanyekanye nabantu isikhathi seminyaka eyinkulungwane. Bazingela inyamazane, benza izingubo zabo zangaphandle, imibhede, izicathulo, kufakwe ekhaya, basebenzisa igazi njengomuthi onamandla okwelapha izifo ezibucayi kakhulu. Imishado yayikhulekelwa njengezilwane ezingcwele, cishe ezithixo.
IMaral isilwane esikhulu se-artiodactyl kuze kube ngama-170 cm amade, ubude bomzimba kufika ku-250 cm, isisindo esifinyelela kuma-400 kg. UMaral ungowomndeni wezinyamazane futhi uyi-subspecies yenyamazane ebomvu. Namuhla, iningi lezinyamazane zihlala e-Altai Territory naseRiphabhulikhi yase-Altai, lapho zikhulele emapulazini angama-deer.
Inyama engu-Maral - isitolo samavithamini
Inyama kaMaralie ithathwa njengeminye emnandi kakhulu phakathi komdlalo, ithambile, ithenda, ngaphandle kwamafutha, iphilile kakhulu.
Ikhawunta esitolo "Konke kusuka kuMaral" Altai Republic
IMaratatina iqukethe amavithamini amaningi nezakhi zomzimba: i-calcium, potassium, iron, i-magnesium, i-sodium, i-phosphorus, amavithamini B2, PP, B1. "I-cocktail" enhle yabahlali bezindawo ezisenyakatho, lapho kusuka ebusika obandayo obandayo kuvame ukuvela ukuntuleka kwamavithamini kanye nezifo ezithathelanayo.
IVenison iwusizo kakhulu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, iqinisa ithoni yemisipha, ikhuthaza ukwakheka kwengane enempilo.
Ukudla inyama yomshado kushukumisa futhi kuthuthukise umsebenzi wobuchopho, futhi kuvimbele ukuvela komdlavuza.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, izinyamazane zaziyisisulu esiyinhloko sabazingeli baseSiberia, esikhathini sethu lesi silwane siyisisulu saso esithandwayo, noma ngabe lokhu kuthengiswa kulawulwa ngokuqinile nguhulumeni, ukuzingela ngaphandle kwelayisense kujeziswa izinhlawulo ezinzima kakhulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi isikweletu sobugebengu.
Inani lemashi yokhokho
Ezikhathini zasendulo, umendo wawubhekwa njengesilwane esingcwele, owondla abantu baseSiberia, izithombe zawo zivezwa emidwebeni womhume otholakala eSiberia.
Uma namuhla ukuzingela izinyamazane kulawulwa ngumthetho wombuso, khona-ke ezikhathini zasendulo kwakulawulwa ngumthetho wobudlova bomuntu, umzingeli oyedwa wayengeke abulale ngaphezu kwama-2 deer ngonyaka.
Kokhokho, imashi yayiwumhlahlandlela emhlabeni wemimoya. Izicukuthwane zazivame ukungcwatshwa ngamahhashi abo, ekhanda ababegqoke kuwo ababhidli.
UDeser wayevame ukuboniswa kuma-totems njengezidalwa zaphezulu, abagcini babantu baseSiberia.
I-Elixir Yokuphila - Igazi likaMartha
Kubo bonke ubuhle nokusebenziseka kwenyama, konke okufanayo, inani eliyinhloko lezidladla egazini labo, elikhishwa ngenkuthalo kwabangenacala abasha - abangena ezindlini.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, igazi lalidakwa lifudumele ngqo, ama-shamans ayemphatha izifo ezibucayi kakhulu futhi embiza ngokuthi "i-elixir yempilo"
Namuhla, kunemithi ehlukahlukene, izithasiselo zokudla ezenziwe ngegazi, izibhedlela zonke zikhona, lapho inqubo eyinhloko ingamabhasikidi antler.
Indawo efakwe umoya yokufakelwa kwezilwanyane
ISiberia, futhi ikakhulukazi i-Altai, ngomunye wabathengisi abaphambili be-pant emhlabeni. Ama-antlers kanye negazi lezinsika ze-Altai yizona eziwusizo kakhulu futhi zenani eliphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1.5-2 kunemikhiqizo efanayo evela kwamanye amazwe.
Umuntu uyisitha esikhulu nomngane wemashi
UMaral isilwane esinamandla kakhulu, bambalwa ngokwemvelo abakwazi ukubhekana naso. Uwedwa, impisi eyodwa enkulu kunazo zonke ayinandlela yokuhlasela inyamazane endala.
Owesifazane owalotshayo ugijimela kunoma yisiphi isilwane, avikele amawundlu aso.
Kepha kumuntu isimo sehlukile, ngoba imishado eneminyaka eyinkulungwane isaba abantu, uma nje esehogela iphunga labo, uzoziphonsa ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ukuzingela inyamazana akuwona neze umsebenzi olula, udinga nje ukuhlanganisa nendawo ezungezile. Futhi uma ungakwazi ukunqoba inyamazane ngokudubula okukodwa, bese uthukuthele ngokwesaba, angabeka kalula ophondayo ezimpondweni.
Kulezi zinsuku zemishado ifakwe kakhulu ekhaya. E-Altai Territory naseRiphabhulikhi yase-Altai kunamapulazi amaningi lapho kunakekelwa khona inyamazane, iphathwa, idlisiwe. Emvelweni wemvelo, izinyamazane ezinjalo ziphila iminyaka eyi-10-15, epulazini zize zifike eminyakeni engama-30.
Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe ezivela kumasayithi:
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani imashi?
Lesi isilwane esikhulu, sinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-300 - 350. Iziduna zikhula zibe ngamamitha ayi-2,5, kanti ukuphakama lapho kubuna kungamamitha ayi-1,6.
Izindondo ziyizilwane ezinkulu.
Izinsikazi zincane kunabesilisa, ubude bawo bomzimba abudluli kumamitha ayi-2.1, futhi ukuphakama lapho kubuna kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1,3.
Umsila unobude bamasentimitha ayi-12-19. Ebusika, ijazi lensikazi linombala onsundu-mpunga, kepha entwasahlobo izilwane ziyaphela bese umbala uba bomvu ngothayela obomvu onsomi. Ngaphansi komsila kukhona indawo emhlophe enkulu. Cube abe umbala amabala.
Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile kubantu yizimpondo zesilwane. Izimpondo zezinsikazi zemashi ziqala ukukhula entwasahlobo, kuthi ekugcineni kobusika ziyawa. Izimpondo ezintsha zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, zengeza amasentimitha ayi-2,5 ngosuku. Ekuqaleni, izimpondo zithambile, zivikelwe yisikhumba, esibukeka sifana ne-velvet. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimpondo ziba namandla, ziqine bese zikhula zibe ngamamitha ayi-1,2 ubude. Uphondo ngalunye lunezinqubo ezimalunga nama-5-6, kufinyelela kumitha wekota ubude. Izimpondo zomshado zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-10-14.
Impilo yemashi nokondleka
Indawo eyintandokazi yenyathi iyihlathi, izihlahla ezinde nezibi lomfula.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu, njengezinye izinhlobo zenyamakazi, ziyahamba. Ebusika, bachitha ezindaweni ezinamahlathi nasezindaweni eziphansi, ehlobo baya ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu.
Izinyamazane ezibomvu zondla imifino.
Ukudla kuqukethe izitshalo ezinotshani nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo zikakolweni. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zibuye zidle izinaliti, izihlahlana namagxolo we-gnaw ezihlahleni. Ukudla okuthandayo - amantongomane, amajikijolo kanye nama-acorn. Imigwaqo ifana nosawoti, iwuqukula, noma uyihlakaze.
Lalela izwi le-maral
Izinyamazane ezibomvu azikubekezeleli ukushisa, zifihla elangeni elishisayo emthunzini wezihlahla nezihlahla. Esikhathini esishisa kunazo zonke, inyamazane zingachitha emanzini.
Izindondo zihola impilo yomhlambi. Imihlambi inezinsikazi eziningana kanye nesizukulwane esisha. Abesilisa abavuthiwe baqoqwa ngamaqembu ahlukene, avele ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bancintisana phakathi kwabo, bafuna ukunakwa kwabesifazane. Phakathi kwabesilisa kuyaxabana njalo. Izimpi kwesinye isikhathi zidonswa ukulimala.
Abesilisa abanohlonze kakhulu bathola izintokazi ezihlanganisa izinsikazi ezingama-3-5 njengemivuzo. Abaholi bezinsizwa, njengomthetho, ngamadoda amadala aneminyaka engu-5-8 ubudala. Futhi abantu abancane nabadala, abadala kuneminyaka eyi-11, abanasiphetho.
Kwesinye isikhathi ukushayisana kwenzeka phakathi kwabesilisa.
Ukuzala
Umuthi wenzeka ekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa babhonga kakhulu, ngokukhala kwabo baphazamisa ihlathi inyanga yonke. Lokhu kubhonga kufana nokukhala kwecilongo, ngakho-ke zonke izinsikazi zikuzwa ngokuphelele.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabesifazane sithatha izinsuku ezingama-240-260. Insikazi iyazala entwasahlobo, izinyamazane ezi-1 ziyazalwa, ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-15. Ezimweni ezingavamile, amawele azalelwa abesifazane. Umama usuthisa inyamazane izinyanga ezimbili. Isidumbu sengane simbozwe amabala anyamalala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Izithombo azishiyi mama unyaka.
Ukuthomba emadodeni kwenzeka eminyakeni emi-4-5, izinsikazi ziyakwazi ukukhulelwa inzalo ngeminyaka emi-2.
Inani lezomnotho
UMaral uyinyamazane elihle kakhulu. Ngenxa yezimpondo zaso ezidumile, le mikhakha iye yaba miningi kakhulu, ngoba inyamazane ihlalwa emapulazini akhethekile.
Maral kanye nenzalo yabo.
Kepha abantu abazali ngemashi ukuze bancome ubuhle balezi zimpondo. Abaphikisi balusizo olukhulu - izimpondo ezincane ezikhulayo ezingazange zibe nesikhathi sokuqhuma. Izimpondo ezincane zinesakhiwo sebhubhu, ngakho-ke zigcwaliswa ngegazi kusuka ngaphakathi. Isisindo se-antlers cishe ama-9 kilos. Ama-antlers aqukethe izinto ezingamagciwane anezindawo eziqinile zokuphilisa.
Abantu banqamula izimpondo zezinyamazana ekupheleni kukaJuni, le nqubo ayisilimazi isilwane, futhi ayinabuhlungu.
Basika izimpondo zabantu abafinyelele eminyakeni emi-2. Kuyo yonke impilo kusuka kowesilisa oyedwa ungathola izimbambo zezimpondo eziyishumi nambili. Lesi sibalo sincike esikhathini sokuphila kwemashi.
Emapulazini adalwe ngabantu, lezi zinyamazane zingaphila iminyaka engama-25. Futhi endle baphila okuncane kakhulu - iminyaka eyi-12-16.
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