Ubunzima:

1. Zonke izimo zahlangatshezwa, kepha abekho abasesekweni abatholakala.

2. Kunzima kakhulu ukukhulisa ama-ciliates.

3. Lezi zivivinyo zenziwa amahlandla ama-3, kungakapheli izinyanga ezintathu.

4. Zonke izimo ezintsha zasungulwa.

Iziphetho ezivela ocwaningweni No. 1:

1. Kumasampula amaningi, kuvela isikhunta, yonke into iyanyamalala noma kuvela enye i-protozoa.

2. Ekhaya, ungakhula izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zemicroscopic: (uSuvoyka - uhlobo lwe-immobile of ciliates, i-shutterum - i-algae kanye nama-rotifers - izibungu.

3. Sidinga izimo ezintsha ukuze sikhule isicoco se-ciliates-shoe.

Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlola, ngathola ezinye izidalwa. Nginqume ukuthola ukuthi ziyini lezi zinto eziphilayo. Ngenxa yokuhlaziya nokuqhathanisa, ngithole ukuthi Ama-Rotifers - izilwane ezi-multicellular (ezingekho ngaphezu kuka-2 mm) - izikelemu eziyindilinga ezinesisetshenziswa se-cilia sokondleka nokunyakaza. Bahlala emachibi nasezinyaweni ezinomswakama. I-Klosterium - uhlobo lwe-algae eluhlaza eluhlaza okotshani. I-Suvojki - uhlobo lwama-ciliates ahleliwe afinyelela ku-0,5 mm ubukhulu, linomlenze omude, ongaqokelelwa wokunamathiselwe.

Ngemuva kwalokho nginqume ukuguqula isivivinyo futhi ngithathe amanzi e-aquarium kuphela ukusuka phansi (isludge) ngemidiya ehlukahlukene yezakhi.

Isipiliyoni No. 2. Ukuzalelwa kwezinduna.

Inhloso yalolucwaningo: Thola ama-ciliates ku-aquarium bese uzama ukuwengeza.

Izimo Zokuvivinya:

Amasampula wamanzi athathiwe: i-silt.

Isiko eliphakathi nendawo: ubhanana, amazambane kanye ne-chamomile.

Kusihlwa, izinga lokushisa lekamelo.

3. Ibhanana yebhanana 4. I-Chamomile Fig. 5. Amazambane

Ithebula ngezinombolo libonisa inani le-ciliates. Ngithathe amasampula wamanzi ku-sludge futhi ngaphinde ngahlola ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu. Emkhakheni wokubukwa, kutholakale ama-ciliates ama-3 ashukumisayo kwisampula ngasinye.

1. Iziphetho ezivela ocwaningweni No. 2:Ukuhlaziywa kwamasampula kukhombisa ukuthi ama-ciliates afa ngosuku lwe-3 namazambane, futhi asinda kweminye imithombo yezokuxhumana aqala ukwanda.
2. Iziphetho ezijwayelekile: Njengomphumela wokuhlaziywa kwazo zonke izivivinyo, ngafika esiphethweni sokuthi ukukhulisa ama-ciliates akulula njengoba bekucatshangwa. I-infusoria iyakwazi ukuzalanisa kusetshenziswa kuphela i-aquarium silt (isiko elihlanzekile). Awekho ama-ciliates atholakala kwezinye izingqimba ze-aquarium, ngakho-ke, amanye amasampula awazange avumele ama-ciliates ukuthi akhule ekuhlolweni kokuqala. Futhi, izimo ezivumayo zokukhulisa ama-ciliates angukushisa komoya ngaphakathi, ukuba khona kwaphakathi kwezakhi (izikhumba zebhanana noma i-chamomile), ukuhlwa. Kumasampula asele, kuvela isikhunta, yonke into iyanyamalala noma enye i-protozoa kanye nezibungu kuvela ukuthi okungekhona ukudla kwelefry.
3. Umqondo uqinisekisiwe ngokwengxenye: I-infusoria slippers ekhaya ingakwazi kuphela ukuzalanisasisebenzisa isiko elihlanzekile

Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi

1. Lapho uhlela ukuhlolwa, kwabonakala sengathi yonke into ilula kakhulu, nokho, ama-ciliates aqala ukubonwa kuphela nguchungechunge lwesithathu lokuhlola.
2. Amandla okubeka inhloso yokuhlolwa, ukwenza okubonwayo, ukurekhoda imiphumela kanye nenkambo yokuhlolwa, ukuthola iziphetho kuzoba wusizo kimi ezigabeni zebhayoloji lapho wenza umsebenzi weLabhorathri nowenziwayo, kanye nokwenza izivivinyo ezithokozisayo ekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wafunda ukufeza inhloso, ngokuvamile ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni.
3. Ngenkathi ngikhula i-ciliates, ngifunde nangezinye izinto ezilula.

2.4. Izincomo zama-aquarists.

1. KANYE inhloso yokuxwayisa ngamaphutha ami nokunemba okwethulwe ocwaningweni lwe-Intanethi kuma-ciliates akhulayo, nganquma ukuwuqambaizincomo zama-aquarists:
2. Thola lonke ulwazi ngohlobo ngalunye lwezinhlanzi ofuna ukuzifaka emanzini e-aquarium amapharamitha wamanzi wokuwagcina, izici zokuziphatha, ukuhlangana nezinye izinhlanzi, uhlobo lokudla lokuthosa.
3. Sebenzisa isiko elihlanzekile lama-ciliates ukuzalanisa.
4. Thatha isampula yamanzi ku-aquarium silt, thola ama-ciliates lapho ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu.
5. Beka i-aquarium silt kanye ne-nati yezakhi (okuhle kunakho konke, izikhumba zebhanana) embizeni.
6. Beka imbiza endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni, kusihlwa.
7. Bheka nsuku zonke inani le-ciliates usebenzisa i-microscope.

1. Ekutadisheni, kwafundwa imithombo ehlukahlukene yolwazi, okwenza ukuthi kufundwe ukuthi ukudliwa kwezinhlanzi ezahlukene kudinga ukuphakelwa okuhlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kutholakale ukuthi ukudla okusebenzayo kakhulu kwefry "uthuli oluphilayo", kodwa ngeshwa, alitholakali ebusika. Ngakho-ke, ama-olwandle ngokwawo azalela izinhlobo ezithile zokudla okuphilayo. Kaningi, lezi yizicucu-izicathulo.
2. Esigabeni esilandelako, ngifunde ubujamo besimo kanye nokuphila kweenhlaka.
3. Ukuze ngivivinye i-hypothesis yokuthi kungenzeka ukukhulisa i-infusoria yefry ekhaya, ngenza ucwaningo oluningana. Ekuqaleni, ngisebenzisa i-Intanethi, ngithole ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezingadalelwa ukwakheka kwezinduna.
4. Ngesikhathi isipiliyoni sokuqala, Ngangena ebunzimeni: kubonakala sengathi zonke izimo zahlangatshezwa, kepha wonke umkhondo awutholakalanga. Kwavela ukuthi kunzima kakhulu ukukhula nge-ciliates.

Okutholakele: isikhunta sivela kumasampula amaningi, yonke into iyanyamalala noma kuvela enye i-protozoa: i-suvoy, i-shutterum ne-rotifers.

1. Okulandelayo, nginqume ukuguqula izimo zokuhlola futhi ngithathe amanzi e-aquarium kuphela ukusuka phansi (isludge) ngemidiya ehlukahlukene yezakhi (amazambane, ibhanana, i-chamomile), ukuze ngithole i-ciliates e-aquarium futhi ngizame ukuyicambisa.
2. Iziphetho ezivela ocwaningweni No. 2: Ama-ciliates asinda futhi aqala ukuphindaphindeka kwimidiya yezakhi nge-banana ne-chamomile.
3. Iziphetho ezijwayelekile: Njengomphumela wokuhlaziywa kwazo zonke izivivinyo, ngafika esiphethweni sokuthi, nge-ciliator ukuzalanisa usebenzisa kuphela i-aquarium silt (isiko elihlanzekile). Awekho ama-ciliates atholakala kwezinye izingqimba ze-aquarium, ngakho-ke, amanye amasampula awazange avumele ama-ciliates ukuthi akhule ekuhlolweni kokuqala. Futhi, izimo ezivumayo zokukhulisa ama-ciliates angukushisa komoya ngaphakathi, ukuba khona kwaphakathi kwezakhi (izikhumba zebhanana noma i-chamomile), ukuhlwa. Umqondo uqinisekisiwe ngokwengxenye: I-infusoria slippers ekhaya ingakwazi kuphela ukuzalanisasisebenzisa isiko elihlanzekile.

Ukuhlaziywa komsebenzi:

1. Lapho uhlela ukuhlolwa, kwabonakala sengathi yonke into ilula kakhulu, nokho, ama-ciliates aqala ukubonwa kuphela nguchungechunge lwesithathu lokuhlola.
2. Amandla okubeka inhloso yokuhlolwa, ukwenza okubonwayo, ukurekhoda imiphumela kanye nenkambo yokuhlolwa, ukuthola iziphetho kuzoba wusizo kimi ezigabeni zebhayoloji lapho wenza umsebenzi weLabhorathri nowenziwayo, kanye nokwenza izivivinyo ezithokozisayo ekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wafunda ukufeza inhloso, ngokuvamile ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni.
3. Ngenkathi ngikhula i-ciliates, ngifunde nangezinye izinto ezilula.

Incazelo

Ubukhulu bezicathu buncane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, okuhlobene nezinye ezingathandeki, zikhulu impela. Isicathu esidala singafinyelela osayizi kufika ku-0,3 mm, noma kunjalo, abanye bakwazile ukukhulisa abantu abathile ku-0.6 mm. Umzimba uyindilinga, ubumbekile ngokwakhekile. Ulwelwesi olungaphezulu lomzimba ulwelwesi lwangaphandle. Kuyinto esobala, ngakho ngayo ungabona sonke isakhiwo sangaphakathi sama ciliates. Okugqame kakhulu phakathi kwezinye izitho yi-macro nucleus. Kuvela njengenhlamvu emzimbeni. Phezu kwezicucu kukhona i-cilia, ngosizo lapho i-ciliator ihamba futhi izingela. Inani labo lingahluka kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-15 izinkulungwane.

Izinzuzo nobubi bothuli olubukhoma

Ngaphandle kokuhlukahluka kwemakethe yokudla kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini, abalimi abaningi bathanda ukwenza ngendlela yakudala, bahlakulela ama-ciliates ekhaya. Futhi ngesizathu esihle, ngoba le ndlela yokuthola i-Starter feed inezinzuzo eziningi:

• "Uthuli oluphilayo" alungcolisi amanzi. Ama-ciliates angabonakali azosala e-aquarium ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukulingana kwayo.
• Ubukhulu bokuphakelwa bokuphakelwa bukuvumela ukuthi ukwazi ukukusebenzisa njengokudla kwezinjana ezincane kakhulu zezinhlanzi eziqhekezayo.
• Kokudla okunempilo, okunamaphrotheni aphezulu, ukuthosa kukhula ngokushesha.
• Izindleko eziphansi zezimali. Uthuli olubukhoma lungatshalwa kusetshenziswa imfucumfucu eyi-organic.
• Ukusebenziseka kalula. Ngisho nengane ikhula ikholoni yezinduna.
• Ezokuphepha. Ingozi yokwethula lesi sifo kuyi-aquarium yokukhula incane.

Okubi kokusebenzisa lolu hlobo lokuphakelwa imbalwa, kufaka phakathi:

• Amamatheke. Ukuze kutshalwe ama-ciliates, kusetshenziswa imfucuza ehogela iphunga elibi ngenkathi kubola.
• Ubulukhuni bokuphakelayo. Vikela ukuthola amanzi abolile, lapho ama-ciliates etshalwa khona, e-aquarium yokukhula. Ukuvuna, udinga ikhono.
• Kwezinye izindawo zasemanzini kungenzeka kube nezinduna ezimbalwa, ngakho-ke umuntu wasemanzini usengozini yokuthola imbiza ebolile ngaphandle “kothuli oluphilayo”.
• Isikhathi. Kuzothatha izinsuku ezingama-7-10 ukulungiselela lolu hlobo lokuphakelwa.

Kungani ama-microorganisms hhayi ukudla okwomile? Kukhona futhi izizathu zalokhu. Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke - hhayi wonke umuntu okwazi ukubala kahle inani lokudla okuhlinzekwa ku-aquarium. Kulula kakhulu ukugcwalisa okwedlulele, ngaleyo ndlela kungcolise amanzi ngento eyenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo gazinga kufanele ukondliwe kaningi - izikhathi ezi-6-8 ngosuku. “Ngothuli oluphilayo”, kufanelekile ukuthi “siyidlule”, ngeke ife futhi kungekudala izodliwa yinhlanzi.

Ungayithola kanjani ciliates?

Kunendlela elula futhi ejabulisayo yokuthola, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukwahlukanisa isicucu kusuka kwamanye ama-microorganisms:

1. Thatha ucezu lwengilazi bese ubeka amaconsi amabili amanzi kuwo, elinye lawo kufanele lithathwe e-aquarium, nelesibili empompini wamanzi, bese ushiye umile isikhashana.
2. Faka izinhlamvu zikasawoti ezimbalwa ukuze wehle ku-aquarium.
3. Dala "ithrekhi" elincanyana lamanzi phakathi kwamaconsi. Kulokhu, noma iyiphi inaliti noma izinyo lokuqaqamba lingakhuphuka, vele ulibambe phakathi kwamaconsi. Zonke izidalwa ezingamagciwane zishesha zigxilise emanzini ahlanzekile, angenasisekelo.
4. Isicathu, ngenxa ye-cilia yaso, siguge kakhulu kunabalingani baso. Kungakho akekho omunye ngaphandle kwe-ciliator enamanzi okuyiwona ozoba ngowokuqala kubhuloho lamanzi.
5. Usebenzisa i-pipette, ithumele ethangini lamanzi ahlanzekile ukuthola i-dilution eyengeziwe.

Ukuzala ama-ciliates ekhaya

Ake siqale ngokuzalaniswa kwama-ciliates, okungewona wemvelo kuphela okuphilayo okuphilayo, kodwa futhi iyatholakala ukuze ikhule kunoma ngubani. Ukuzala ama-ciliates akunzima nhlobo, udinga nje ukuthi ufunde ukuthi ungahlukanisa kanjani isiko elihlanzekile nokungcola okungangeneki.

Ukuze uthole isiko elimsulwa ciliates Ungasebenzisa ulwazi olutholwe ezifundweni zesikole ze-zoology. Sibeka ithonsi lamanzi kusuka e-aquarium kwisilayidi sengilazi bese sengeza usawoti we-crystalline. Eduze, kepha kusuka ohlangothini olukhanyisiwe, sibeka ithonsi lamanzi ompompi ahlanzekile, avikelwe.

Ngosizo lwenalithi ejwayelekile, umdlalo ocijile noma isipikili sokuxubha amazinyo, siwaxhuma bobabili amaconsi ngebhuloho lamanzi. Ama-ciliates ashesha aya ekukhanyeni namanzi amasha. Kuvela ukuthi bashesha kakhulu kunezinye izidalwa ezingama-unicellular, ngakho-ke bazohamba baye kumanzi ahlanzekile ngaphambi kwabanye. Siqoqa la donsi lamanzi amsulwa nge-ciliates nge-pipette ejwayelekile yengilazi bese siyisebenzisela i-dilution eyengeziwe.

Thela amanzi amsulwa embizeni eyi-3-litre engekho ngaphezu kwama-75% wevolumu bese uqala i-infusoria kusuka ku-pipette lapho. Kusala ukubondla kuphela ngesikhathi futhi kuqashwe isimo samanzi. Ukondla ubisi (ambalwa amaconsi emgodleni ngamunye), izaqathi ezihlanganisiwe (izingcezu ezi-2), amazambane akhinyayo, ulethisi, isiwombe se-hay ngisho ne-peel yebhanana eyomile (isihlanu). Noma yikuphi ukugqoka okuphezulu okuphakanyisiwe kuzonikeza umphumela omuhle, ngakho-ke khetha inketho elula kakhulu kuwe uqobo.

Ngemuva kokondla, kuhlala kuphela ukubheka ukuthi amanzi anamafu kakhulu. Ukunaka! Uma amanzi anodaka kakhulu futhi kuzwakala iphunga elingathandeki le-hydrogen sulfide, lokhu kusikisela ukuthi kwafakwa umsoco omningi engxenyeni. Ama-ciliates ayeka ukwanda futhi afe, uma engondlekile.

Imbiza yesiko ibekwe endaweni efudumele, kepha hhayi ngaphansi kwelanga elikhanyayo. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lokuzala ama-ciliates lithathwa njengo-18-22 ° C.

Kungenzeka uthathe isinqumo sokondla i-fry yakho ngengxube yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto eziphilayo ze-unicellular. Lokhu kwamukeleka impela, ngoba izingane ngokwazo zizokhetha kukho konke okunikezwayo abakudingayo, okungukuthi ama-ciliates ahlelekile. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho kuzalaniswa kuzodingeka ukuthi athathe amanzi ku-aquarium enempilo. Emanzini anjalo, imvamisa zonke izinhlobo zemikhakha edliwayo iyatholakala.

Uma konke kwenziwa ngokufanele, khona-ke emva kwamasonto amabili amanzi asebhange azoba sobala, futhi ngemuva kokuwabuka, ungabona i-ciliates ngamanye. Kwenziwe! Kusele ukuthulula amanzi nge-ciliates ku-aquarium. Vele zama ukuthola isikhathi sokuzalelwa kwama-ciliates kuya ekuqaleni kokuqhuma.

Ama-Rotifers

Ukulima?

Ukuze ukhiqize isiko lezicathulo, azikho izimo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo, ngakho-ke ukulima kwazo kulula kakhulu futhi kungenziwa ngabalimi abaningi bezinhlanzi.

Ukwakha ikoloni elikhulu lezicucu ngokwanele ukuthola elilodwa. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esingangenyanga sokulungiswa, lesi sicathululo sizozalwa, bese kuthi ibhange selivele libe ne-colony of ciliates - amakhophi angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-40 nge-cubic cm. Le nombolo inani eliphezulu lezicucu emanzini.

Umuntu oyedwa we-ciliates kufanele abekwe embizeni yengilazi (mhlawumbe 3 ilitha) lamanzi ahlanzekile axazululiwe. Ingilazi idlulisa ukukhanya, okuthuthukisa ukukhula kwekoloni. Ukushisa kwegumbi kuhle ukuqala kokuzala kabusha kwama-microorganisms, kepha okulungele ama-ciliates angama-22-26 degrees. Kulesi simo sokushisa, kuzokwazi ukukhulisa ikholoni enenombolo enkulu kunazo zonke izicathulo. Kungcono ukubeka imbiza endaweni enomoya noma ukuhlanza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo emanzini, ama-ciliates acwila aze abheke phansi, futhi nokuntuleka kwawo ukuntanta, okusiza ngokulandela umkhondo nokuqoqa eminye.

Ukufuya izilwane ezinesibonakhulu: dala umhlaba omncane ekhaya

Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala ngaphandle ezifuywe kancanyana, ezingejwayelekile kakhulu izilwane ezingekho emhlolweni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izilwane ezimbili ezinesibonakhulu kanye namagciwane.

Okusho ukuthi, izidalwa ezinamacroscopic ezihlala zikuyo yonke indawo futhi zisizungeza ngokwemvelo, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye zingabonakali ngamehlo omuntu.

Kumuntu ongaziwanga kwi-biology kuzoba nelukuluku kakhulu ukubamba iqhaza ngokuzalanisa i-ciliates elula ne-amoeba. Lezi ezifuywayo azikhathaleli ukudla nokunakekelwa, futhi ngokwemvelo azithathi isikhala esiningi endlini.

Ama-ciliates nama-amoebas athanda amadamu amile, ngakho-ke, iziqhekeza nezibalo ezincane kuzoba yindawo engcono yokubabamba. Ukuthwebula inqwaba yalezi zinto eziphilayo, kuzokwanela nje ukuthola ilitha lamanzi avela endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Amanzi akhishwe kufanele athululelwe esitsheni esinamalitha amathathu (okujwayelekile kungalondolozwa), bese uthela amanzi apholile ukusuka empompini cishe kuya phezulu.

• Ukunaka! Noma ungaboni noma yimuphi umsebenzi wezilwane ezi-microscopic emanzini alethwe echibini, lokhu akusho ukuthi azikho. Bangaba sesimweni sokumiswa opopayi, babanikeze ithuba lokukhula nentuthuko.

Umthamo odingekayo ngamanzi ngokuzayo uzoba uhlobo lwe-aquarium labantu besikhathi esizayo be-ciliates kanye ne-amoebas. Isitsha samanzi kufanele sibekwe endaweni ekhanyayo kepha hhayi ebandayo. Udinga futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo akunangeni kuwo.

Njengokudla ikhasi le-amazambane eluhlaza, ubhanana, i-beetroot noma i-apula elibomvu kufanele lisetshenziswe. Akufanele ugcule ngokweqile ngokudla, okokuqala izingcezu ezimbili noma ezintathu zohlu lwezinto zemikhiqizo ezichazwe ngenhla zizokwanela.

• Phuthuma! Kuzoba kuhle uma inqubo yokuqala yokubeka okuphakelayo ihambisana nokudonswa kwamanzi kancane. I-peel kufanele ihlale emanzini kuze kubonakale okokuqala ukubola noma isikhunta, imvamisa ukondla kwenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7.

Ngemuva kokuphaka kokuqala, izilwane ezincane kakhulu zizoqala ukuzibonakalisa ngokwazo. Cishe izinsuku ezingama-4 sezizokwazi ukukhipha izinkomba zokuqala ngamehlo anqunu, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 kuzovela ukuthi yonke indawo ebhange ligcwele imizimba yabo ehlanganayo.

Ungaqaphela ngokuningiliziwe umsebenzi owenziwa ekhaya lakho ngenxa ye-lens enamandla noma usebenzisa i-webcam ejwayelekile egxile kakhulu. Ukuze ubuke, kufanele ukhiphe isipuni samanzi avela e-aquarium bese ukhwezela amaconsi ambalwa “etafuleni lokuhlola” (imvamisa itafula lenhlolokhono liyindawo ehlanzekile yemibala eqinile).

• Phuthuma! Ukusuka kumaconsi ambalwa lapho i-ciliates itholakala khona, ungakhipha izilwane ezisebenzayo kakhulu, bese ubakhelela i-aquarium ehlukile. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthola uhlobo lokuzalela kubantu abanamandla kakhulu futhi abakhuthele.

Amanzi ase-aquarium kufanele afakwe esikhundleni sezinsuku eziyi-15 (alas, enza umhlatshelo we-90-95% wezilwane ezifuywayo).

Izilwane ezinamacroscopic ngazinye zingagcinwa isikhathi eside. ngokuzipholisa kahle efrijini, bese uyifaka efrijini. Emanzini abandayo, i-amoeba ne-infusoria ayeki ukuba khona, azungeze nge-capsule emnyama ye-anabiotic futhi akulungele ukulinda amashumi amaningi eminyaka kuleli lizwe.

Uma ungathola i-amoeba ku-aquarium, ungabheka ukuthi izingela kanjani ama-ciliates futhi iwadonse.

Ngokuvamile, izwe lezilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo ezinjenge-ciliates ne-amoeba ngumsebenzi othokozisayo, ngoba awusoze wazi kusengaphambili ukuthi ubani okwenze ukuthi uthwebule kumkhankaso wokubheja noma isigaxa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ama-ciliates angenabungozi kanye nama-amoeba adlova nonya angahlala kuwo.

Skubitsky Igor Yuryevich,

Okufanele ukondle

Izicucu zimane nje zingathobeki ekudleni. Ungabondla ekhaya. Ukuze uthole ukondleka, adinga ama-substrates wokuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane. Yidla noma yikuphi ukudla kwezitshalo, ukudla kwezinhlanzi, ubisi nesibindi. Ukuze kube lula, imikhiqizo yomile, bese icwilisa nge-gauze ethangini elinama ciliates. Ukuze ungadakwa ngokweqile, ucezu olungaba ngu-2-3 cm luzokwanela.

Ungasebenzisa futhi ukumnika kwe-hay ukondla. Ukupheka kulula kakhulu. Emanzini abilayo, yehlisa i-hay, ngo-10 g nge-1 litre bese ushiya imizuzu engu-20. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lizobulala wonke ama-virus, kepha amagciwane azosinda, futhi yiwo aqhubeka nokudla kuma-ciliates. Thela isisombululo esiphelele kunoma yisiphi isitsha esikahle bese usishiya endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni izinsuku ezingama-2-3, phakathi naleso sikhathi lapho amagciwane azophindaphindeka khona futhi angaphakelwa abasebenza ndawonye. Lolu hlobo lokondla lubizwa nge- - hydrolysis yeast, udinga ukubangezela emanzini ngesilinganiso se-1 g nge-10 l kanye ngesonto nengxenye.

Indlela elula ukondla ama-ciliates ngayo ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi. Ubisi olucwengekile noma ubisi oluhlanganisiwe luhamba phambili. Kwikhambi, engeza amaconsi ama-2 ngeviki. Ama-ciliates awondli ubisi uqobo, kodwa ngamabhaktheriya obisi agxilile.

Lapho usuthisa isiko, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi lapho ikhambi ligcwele kakhulu ngamagciwane, ama-ciliates azoqala ukubulawa umoya onganele. Ukugwema lesi simo, udinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela izingxenye zamagciwane awela ethangini ezicathulweni.

Sebenzisa njengokuphakelayo

Ngemuva kokuzalela ngempumelelo, ungaqhubeka nokuqoqwa kwama-ciliates. Ukuze kube lula, lonke ikholomu lihanjiswa ebusweni bamanzi. Bheka izindlela ezi-2 ezilula kakhulu futhi ezilula zokwenza lokhu:

Thela inhlanganisela yobisi emanzini bese ucisha i-purge. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kusalinda amahora ama-2 bese imikhovu uqobo lwayo lubonakale.

Kwethulwa isisombululo sikasawoti emgqonyeni, okwenza ukuba ama-ciliates atheleke ebusweni.

Manje usungaqhubeka eqoqweni ngokwalo. Ungabaqoqa usebenzisa i-hose. Ungakha futhi nesakhiwo esizokondla i-fry njalo ngama-ciliates amasha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ithubhu ejwayelekile yabadlahlayo, engathengwa ekhemisi. Beka imbiza ye-ciliates ngaphezulu kwe-aquarium, faka i-hose kuyo, wehlise bese ulungisa ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kusuka embizeni usebenzisa i-clamp. Ngokufanelekile, amanzi kufanele ahlinzekwe ngamaconsi ngezikhathi ezithile zemizuzwana engama-2-3.

Wonke umuntu angenza ipulazi elinjalo elincanyana lokuzala ama-ciliates ekhaya. Ukudla i-infusoria, i-fry izokhula ibe nempilo futhi ibe namandla, okusho ukuthi bangaphila impilo ende.

"Uthuli oluphilayo" olunama-rotifers

Ama-Rotifers ajwayelekile kakhulu emachibi awadluli usayizi we-ciliates, futhi indlela yawo yokulima iyafana, ngaphandle kwama-nuances ambalwa.

Isiko lama-rotifers lingatholakala kuma-cysts avuniwe athengwa esitolo noma ngokuthatha isampula emzimbeni wamanzi oseduze.

Qiniseka ukuthi ama-crustaceans kanye nezibungu zezinambuzane azihlanganisiwe ngama-rotifers - ayizitha zawo zemvelo.

Ngesikhathi sokutshala, ukukhanya okuhlanganisiwe kuyadingeka - okungenani amahora ayi-10 ngosuku. Ama-Rotifers anesikhathi sokuphila esingamaviki ama-4. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, kunconywa ukufaka amanzi amaningi ebhange bese kwethulwa ama-cysts amasha.

Indawo yokuhlala, ukwakheka nokunyakaza

Isidalwa esilula kunazo zonke esingama-unicellular sihlala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zokugcina, inzuzo enkulu okungamanzi amile. Ubude bama-ciliates esicathu bungu-0.5 mm kuphela, ngakho-ke kunzima impela ukukuqaphela ngeso elinqunu ngisho nasemanzini ahlanzekile. Ukwakheka komzimba kufana nesigaxa noma ukuphela kwesicathu, okwakungalesi sizathu leli gama.

Isici sesidalwa esisetshenziswayo esise-unicellular yisikhathi sokuba khona kwe-cilia encane ebusweni bomzimba. Okomzuzwana, ngamunye wabo wenza imivimbo ecishe ibe ngu-25, okunomthelela ekuhambeni kwesicathulo. I-ciliator ihamba ngokushesha okukhulu - ijubane ngomzuzwana alidluli ku-3 mm.

Okuphathelene

I-infusoria imvama ukuzala kabusha i-asexally - ihlukanisa kabili. Ama-nuclei ahlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, futhi ku-ciliator ngayinye entsha kukhona isisekelo esisodwa esikhulu nesisodwa. Ngayinye yalezi zinkampani ezimbili ezixhaswayo zithola ingxenye yama-organelles, kanti ezinye zakhiwa kabusha.

Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-ciliates

Ezothando

Ngokuntuleka kokudla noma ushintsho lokushisa, ama-ciliates athuthela ekukhiqizweni ngokocansi, bese ephenduka i-cyst.

Ngesikhathi senqubo yocansi, ukwanda kwenani labantu akwenzeki. Izinduna ezimbili zixhunywe isikhashana komunye nomunye. Ephuzwini lokuthintana, igobolondo liyancibilika kanye nezindawo ezixhumanisa ibhuloho phakathi kwezilwane. Umnyombo omkhulu we-ciliator ngayinye uyanyamalala. Umongo omncane uhlukaniswe kabili. Kwi-ciliator ngayinye, kwakheka ama-nuclei endodakazi amane. Amathathu awo abhujiswa, kuthi owesine ahlukaniswe futhi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-cores amabili asala kulelo nalelo. Ukushintshwa kwe-nuclei kwenzeka kanye nebhuloho le-cytoplasmic, futhi lapho lihlangana ne-nucleus esele. I-nuclei esanda kwenziwa yakha i-nuclei enkulu nelincane, kanye ne-ciliates diverge. Le nqubo yezocansi ibizwa nge- conjugation. Kuhlala cishe amahora ayi-12. Inqubo yezocansi iholela ekuvuseleleni, ukushintshaniswa phakathi kwabantu kanye nokwabiwa kabusha kwezinto zofuzo (zofuzo), ezikhulisa amandla ezinto eziphilayo.

Umjikelezo wempilo yezilokotho

Ungakhula kanjani ama-ciliates ekhaya?

Noma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo, noma sineseli elilodwa, sidinga ukudla. Akukho okuhlukile kuyi-ciliates-shoe. Isithako esiphakathi kwesakhi saso ngama-microorganisms. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukulungiselela indawo lapho ezoba khona ngamanani anele. Thatha noma yisiphi isitsha bese uthela amanzi e-aquarium lapho. Zama ukuyiqoqa eduze kwendawo lapho izitshalo ziphuma khona. Cishe yonke i-aquarium enesakhiwo semvelo esivele sakhiwe inemikhakha yayo, noma ngabe ingekho eminingi yayo okwamanje.

Okulandelayo, engeza iqabunga le-lettuce noma izingcezu ze-banana ikhasi. Kwesinye isikhathi kuxutshwa nokudla kwezinhlanzi ze-algal (granular). Cishe kuzo zonke izindawo ezikhethekile ungahlala uzithenga. Abanye ochwepheshe batusa ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo zokudla ezitsheni ezihlukile.

Womabili la masiko kufanele agcinwe elangeni okungenani isonto (uma isikhathi eside, bese kungcono kakhulu). Isikhathi esifanele sokutshala ama-ciliates, ngaleyo ndlela - ihlobo. Lapho amanzi eba mnyama, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi ikoloni lamagciwane selikhulile. Okulandelayo, abadlali be-ciliates bayadlala. Ungakwazi ukulandela ukubukeka kwazo ngaphandle kwama-microscope nezibuko ezikhulisayo: amanzi kufanele abe apinki.

Konke kusebenze? Ungayiphindisela ikholoni ngokuthatha elinye ithangi elinamasiko ama-bacterium afanayo futhi unezele amanzi amancane ukusuka kwelokuqala. Fry kufanele bondliwe ngokoqobo ngamaconsi amanzi avela ethangini lapho kuhlala khona ama-ciliates. Uma ufaka ukudla okuningi kunokuba kudliwe gazinga, izicathulo zizomane zife, futhi imikhiqizo yazo yokubola izonika ubuthi emanzini. Kuliqiniso, kungcono ukuqala yoke amanzi avela endaweni evulekile, lapho ama-ciliates amakhudlwana khona. Futhi kunoma yikuphi, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuba ne-microscope ukuze kuhlolwe okuqukethwe kwe-microorganism kahle.

Ukudla okuhle kukaFry kukhona ciliates

futhi
amajikelezo
. Noma yimuphi umuntu wasemanzini uzokwazi ukuzalanisa ekhaya, uma kuphela enakekela impilo yezakhamuzi ezincane ze-aquarium.

Lapho kuhlala khona isicucu se-ciliates

Isicathu se-ciliates sihlala emizimbeni yamanzi emile entsha. Inani lezicucu zezicucu emvelweni lizinhle kuphela, ngoba lapho kuhlala khona izicucu, amanzi ahlala ehlanzekile futhi esobala, futhi akunangqondo yokuthi amagciwane nama-microalgae, njengamapholisa omzimba wamanzi, adla njengokudla kwezilazi ezidliwayo futhi adliwa ngezinga elikhulu ngabo.

Inani elikhulu lama-ciliates asemizimbeni yamanzi lihlala lihlotshaniswa nenala yokuphakelwa kanye okuphambene nalokho. Ezitolo zokugcina zemvelo, ama-ciliates angasebenza njengokuqala kokuqala kokudla kukaFry.

Izinambuzane ze-infusoria

Kanye nama-ciliates angenabungozi, kukhona ama-ciliates parasites futhi angalimaza impilo yama-invertebrates nama-vertebrates ahlukahlukene. Ema-aquariums, i-infusoria parasitizing emzimbeni wezinhlanzi ziletha ukulimala okukhulu. Le micimbi ye-pathogenic ingadala izifo eziningi ezimbi, ezivame ukuhambisana nokufa kwezinhlanzi.

I-infusoria parasites ifaka phakathi: Ciliary infusoria (isifo - Ichthyophthyriasis), infusoria I-Cryptocarion (isifo - Cryptocaryonosis), i-equipotential ciliary I-Chilodonellaspp. (isifo - Chylodonellosis noma isifo sobisi), ciliates Brooklynella sp. (isifo - Brooklinellosis), ciliary ciliary I-Trichodina sp. (isifo - Trichodiniasis), infusoria Tetrahymena sp. (isifo - Tetrachimena), i-ccheates yeCarchesium. Sp Epistylis sp. I-Vorticella sp. (isifo - Isikhunta samanga).

Inani elikhulu lama-ciliates e-parasitic ehlukahlukene angabakhona ku-aquarium yasekhaya, kepha ngokuyinhloko bathinta izinhlanzi ezinomzimba obuthakathaka wokuzivikela komzimba.

I-infusoria ye-gry

Ema-aquaristics, uma kukhulunywa ngokuvusa i-fry, i-infusorian slipper ingasiza kakhulu. Isicathu se-ciliates singukudla okuncane okubukhoma, ubukhulu baso buyi-0,0-0.3 mm futhi kufanelekile njengokudla kokuqala kothosi kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezincane, kanye nefry fry, okuyiwona ngaphandle kwama-ciliates, angafuni ukubona okunye. Ukuhlinzeka ngoFry ngokuqalwa kokudla, ama-aquarists amaningi azalela ama-ciliates ekhaya.

Ungazalela kanjani ama-ciliates ekhaya

Isicathu seCiliates sisho i-unicellular protozoa. Inqubo yokukhiqiza kabusha ingaba yisexual futhi ibe yokwahlukaniswa kwamaseli, kanye nezocansi. Ungagxobha ama-ciliates embizeni ejwayelekile enamalitha amathathu, kepha okokuqala udinga ukunciphisa ukudla kwesicucu okwethu - lawa ngamagciwane.

Ukuze kwenziwe kabusha amagciwane, ungasebenzisa: ikhasi lebhanana elomile, amasondo karoti, ubisi olungagcwalisiwe, i-decoction ye-hay. Amanzi kufanele athathwe kuphela e-aquarium enempilo nalapho umuthi ungazange usetshenziswe khona ngaphambili.

Qaphela: amanye ama-aquarists kumavidiyo awo akhombisa ukuthi angawasusa kanjani ama-ciliates amaningi e-aquarium ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze azale kabusha, asuse isiponji esihlungweni bese afaka konke lokhu kungcola embizeni. Angikukhuthazi ukuthi wenze ubuwula obunje ngoba i-infusoria ayikwazi ukuhlala kwisiponji futhi akukho lutho ngaphandle kokungcola nodoti.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane, sikubeka embizeni futhi kuncane kakhulu okungeyona yemikhiqizo efakwe kuhlu. Isibonelo, ngihlala ngisebenzisa amasondo ama-2 izaqathe noma isentimitha esincane esingu-3-4 cm. Ucezu lwebhanana elomile.

Abafuna ukuzalanisa ama-ciliates obisini badinga ukwazi ukuthi akufakwa amathonsi angaphezu kuka-2 000 embizeni, futhi ngokuqondene nomhluzi we-hay, ukuqoqeka kwawo kungahluka kuwo wonke umuntu lapha, njengoba besho ngamehlo noma ngokungabi ngaphezu kwezipuni ezi-2-3 nezinkezo.

Mboza imbiza ngesivalo bese ulinda izinsuku eziyi-1-2 kuze kube yilapho amanzi ebhange eba ngamafu. Lapho amanzi asesitsheni enamafu, kufanele sibambe bese siphonsa amasondo e-carrot noma ubhanana emgqonyeni, futhi uma uwudlulisa ngobisi noma ngomhluzi we-hay futhi kunephunga elingathandeki, udinga ukufaka amanzi embizeni ngamanzi avela e-aquarium futhi uma lokhu kungenziwa, amanzi asembizeni ayobola aze afike lapho. ukuthi i-infusoria ayikho kuyo, khona-ke ngeke ikwazi ukwahlukanisa kuyo, amagciwane andisayo avela lapha futhi kuvela iphunga elingabekezeleleki lenyama ebolile.

Amanothi: amanye ama-aquarists ngaphambili abengakaze azalwe akhombisa amakhono abo kumavidiyo. Umuntu kufanele amangale ukuthi mangaki amakhasi webhanana awela embizeni. Kungani uzalela inyama ebolile? I-infusoria ngeke ihlale kuyo!

Ngemuva kokuthi amanzi asembizeni abe ngamafu kusuka kubhaktheriya andayo, futhi ususe yonke imikhiqizo yokwenziwa kabusha kwamagciwane egomeni, shiya imbiza wedwa izinsuku eziyishumi nane. Sonke lesi sikhathi, emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, ama-25-27 ° degrees, ama-ciliates asemabhange azokwanda ngenkuthalo, futhi lapho wonke amabhaktheriya eseqedwe yiwo, amanzi ayoba sobala. Ama-ciliates azobonakala ngokucacile esweni elinqunu, akukho phunga elingajabulisi, futhi ama-ciliates angadliwa ukufriza ngokuthela amanzi emgqeni ohambisana namanzi.

Qaphela: Izinhlobo eziningana ze-ciliates zihlala emanzini e-aquarium, phakathi kwazo kukhona nalezo ezingadliwe yi-fry, futhi ukuphakamisa ukuthosa kuyancomeka ukusebenzisa isiko elimsulwa nje le-ciliates. Ungathola isiko elihlanzekile lama-ciliates ezicathululo phakathi kwabafuyi bezinhlanzi abanolwazi noma zama ukuhlukanisa isicucu kusuka kwezinye izinhlobo ze-ciliates ngokwakho.