Umhlali wasensimini yase-Yurobiya, ihlathi eliqinile, ngenxa yombala wayo omnyama laziwa nangokuthi limnyama noma limnyama. Izithambisi ezijwayelekile ezibuthakathaka ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, zinikeza iphalethi yombala ohlukahlukene.
Okuvamile
Ukusabalala kwendawo ehlathini yasendle i -retret sekuhlatshwe phansi izinhlobo zezilwane:
- uhlobo lwasekhaya i-ferret, noma i-furo, isilwane esinombala omnyama, onsundu, omhlophe noma oxubekile,
- I-albino Ferret isilwane esinombala omhlophe ocwengekileko omhlophe.
Isihlahla esimnyama sasehlathini esimnyama saziwa njengesilwane esino-furry enoboya obubalulekile, kepha isibalo saso esincane siyakwenqabela ukuzingela yona. Izakhamizi zasemaphandleni azizithandi izilwane ezidla amahlathi ngenxa yesifiso sazo sokuzingela, esivame ukuholela izilwane zasendle ezindlini zezinkukhu. Kodwa-ke, ngobukhulu obuncane, isebenza njengomphathi wamagundane, oletha izinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa.
IBlack Forest Ferret ivikelwe emazweni amaningi omhlaba futhi ifakwe ku-Red Book.
Ukuchazwa kwangaphandle kwehlathi lasendle akunawo umehluko nencazelo yezihlobo eziningi ezivela ku-martens, omkhondo wazo ufana. Njengomthetho, lezi yizilwane ze-squat ezinamafuphi ezinemikhono ebukhali futhi ende. Imizimba yabo iphakeme ngo-0.36-0.48 m ubude, iphelela ngomsila omude, kuze kufike ku-17 cm. Isisindo se-avareji yehlathi elijwayelekile isebangeni ukusuka ku-0,4 kuya ku-038 kg, kanti ubunzima besifazane bubalelwa cishe izikhathi eziyi-1.5 kunabesilisa, umsila wabo nawo umfushane ngokubonakalayo: kuya ku-15 cm ubude.
Ukuqina kwesihlahla esidala esithombeni kungabonakala ngombala wayo wesimilo: isisu esimnyama, ama-paws, isifunda se-thoracic, intamo nomsila, ngaphandle kokuqhakaza okubukhali, okuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-steppe. Kokunye ukwahlukahluka, kutholakala abantu abomvu noma abamhlophe abahlanzekile.
Isici esingahlukani sehlathi hhayi kuphela, kepha futhi namanye ama-trochees ayisici sawo sobuso: umhlobiso othize ohlukile.
Imisipha yezinduna zezitho ezingaphansi komsila kukhipha imfihlo enephunga lokungemuva futhi isebenza njengendlela yokuthi ihlathi lishaye izule.
Habitat
Ububanzi be-ihlathi le -hlathi buhlanganisa yonke insimu yezwekazi lase-Euro. Izinhlobo ezivamile ze-polecat zingatholakala kuzo zonke izifunda zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu, noma ngabe indawo yendawo yokuhlala yayo incishisiwe ngokubonakalayo. Inani elikhulu lezinsizakalo zamahlathi libalwa engxenyeni yaseNgilandi futhi cishe kuyo yonke indawo yaseYurophu yaseRussia, ngaphandle kwezindawo esifundeni saseLower Volga kanye nezifunda zaseCaucasus, kanye nokudlula eNyakatho Karelia.
Emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule, uhla lwe-reret yehlathi seludlulele emngceleni weFinland. Kukhona abameleli abanohlonze abamnyama emahlathini asenyakatho-nentshonalanga yezwekazi lase-Afrika.
Esikhathini esithile esidlule, kwakuhanjiswa i-ferret ehlathini ukuze isatshalaliswe ensimini yaseNew Zealand. Inhloso enkulu yokukhulisa lezi zilwane endaweni entsha kwakuwukulwa namagundane: amagundane namagundane. Kodwa-ke, ubuthi behlathi, obuvumelana nezimo kalula futhi nezimpande ngaphansi kwezimo ezintsha, baqala ukubeka usongo ezinhlotsheni zomdabu zaseNew Zealand.
Imikhuba
Ngokwemvelo, izihlahlana zehlathi ziyizilwane ezinolaka impela ezingamelana nezilwane ezinkulu. Isilwane siyazingela uma sekumnyama, phakathi nosuku alala ngaso emashalofini, angavamile ukuphuma ngaso phakathi nesikhathi semini. Ubamba inyamazane yakhe ngokufanele noma agijime eduze kwezimbumbulu.
Ngenxa yesifiso sokufuna ukuzingela emaphethelweni ehlathi, ihlathi elinehlathi lalibizwa ngokuthi umphetho womhlaseli.
Amahlathi amahlathi ahlukaniswa njengezilwane zasendle ezihlala phansi ezinamathele endaweni ethile yokuhlala. Njengendawo yokuhlala, lesi silwane sithanda izindawo zokukhosela ezinobukhulu obukhulu ngendlela yezihlahla eziwile, iziqu ezibolile, ama-haystacks. Kwesinye isikhathi, ihlathi lithela ngaphakathi kwezinye izimbobo zabanye abantu - izindlu zangaphambili zamabibi nezimpungushe. Ngokwezimo zedolobhana nedolobhana, izilwane zihlala emakhunjini nakuma-cellars, kwesinye isikhathi azakhela indawo yokuhlala ngaphansi kophahla lokugeza.
Leli hlathi seliyakhipha umkhovu etsheni cishe alizikhiphi izimbumbulu zalo.
Endaweni yokuhlala, ama-ferrets akhetha amahlathi amancane nama-groves afakwe phakathi kwezindawo ezivulekile. Ukugwema ama-ferrets amahlathi ukuhlala ku-taiga. Imvamisa ama-ferrets atholakala kude nemifula naseduze namanye amadamu. Lesi silwane siyakwazi ukubhukuda, noma kunjalo, asifani ngamakhono akhulayo, ngokungafani nezinkimbinkimbi zaso ezihlobene zaseYurophu.
Ukuvela kwesondo elimnyama
I-ferret ibukeka njengokujwayelekile kwawo wonke amalungu omndeni we-marten: umzimba we-squat onemilenze emifushane, emaphethelweni ayo kukhona uzipho olude.
Isilwane sinomzimba olulelekile kakhulu. Amanani ahluka ngosayizi kuya ngendawo yawo.
Abesilisa bude nobude obuyi-35 kuye ku-46 cm, izinsikazi zincane futhi ziyisigamu - 29- cm. Ngokufanelekile, ubude bomsila owesilisa buyi-12-17 cm, kuthi owesimame ungama-29- 39 cm.
Amanxeba ayizilwane ezingenamikhawulo.
Isisindo sesilwane esidala sisukela ku-1 kuye ku-1.5 kg. kwabesilisa, isisindo sowesifazane sifinyelela kumanani ama-650-800 amagremu.
Umbala woboya obudakayo ebusika unombala onsundu ngombala omhlophe-ophuzi, ongatholakali kahle ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba - imilenze yangemuva nangemuva kwangaphansi yembozwe ngokuphelele izinwele ezimnyama.
Intamo ye-Ferret, isifuba nesisu zimnyama noma zimnyama-nsundu, uboya bezintweni zazo noma mnyama noma mnyama ngombala onsundu. Umbala wezinwele ezisebusweni be-ferret ufana ne- "maski". Eduze kwamehlo nasengxenyeni engenhla yekhala, ijazi linsundu, lizungeze mhlophe. Izeluleko zezindlebe eziyindilinga zesilwane nazo zinomngcele omhlophe.
Ehlobo, uboya buyashintsha bube buqhafuqhe, bube bufushane nobungakanani. Isikebhe esingaphansi siphuzi grey ngenkathi efudumele futhi asikhuliswanga kahle.
Izimbambo ezimbalwa zehlathi.
I-Forest Ferret Behaeve Nutrition
Indawo yokuhlala kwe-erret emnyama ingamahlathi, imifino igxunyekwe amasimu nezimbila. Indawo ejwayelekile yokuthi i-ferret izingele iwukuphela kwezinkuni: ngakolunye uhlangothi, isikhala esivulekile esidingekayo sokuzingela, ngakolunye uhlangothi - ukusondela kwehlathi ongacasha kulo.
Amafutha abhukuda kahle, kepha amanye amalungu omndeni awenza kangcono, ngokwesibonelo, ama-mink. Umdlwenguli omnyama usebenzisa izimpungushe noma izimbotshana ezilahliwe ukwakha umgoqo, uzimbela umgodi uqobo akuvamile. Isilwane singaphephela esakhiweni, ngokwesibonelo, esibayeni, endlini yokugezela, kanye naseshareji noma endaweni yokhuni.
Imvamisa lokhu kusondelana nendlu yesintu kuvusa umuntu olingene ukuhlasela izilwane ezifuywayo - izinyoni ezahlukahlukene nonogwaja. Ngakho-ke, izakhamizi zasemakhaya zivame ukulimala futhi zingathandi izinto ezibucayi.
Amathe ayizimpawu ezinhle kakhulu zegundane.
Kepha bayasihlonipha lesisidleke esincane sokuqothula amagundane, okuyisisekelo sokudla kwaso. Amanoni afaka phakathi izinyoka, amasovu, amasele, izinyoni, amahashe amancane, izinambuzane ezinkulu kanye ne-carrion. Ebusika, lapho i-ferrets isincane yokudla, kubonwe konakaliswa okhalweni.
Izinyosi ezimnyama zidla inyama ikakhulukazi ebusuku, phakathi nosuku yindlala enamandla kuphela engenza ukuthi i-ferret ishiye umgodi. I-ferret iqapha ukudla kwayo okuthandayo - izinduku ezahlukahlukene ezenziwe ngesamagundane, eduze kwe-mink noma ukubamba okugijimayo. Lapho ebamba isisulu, ubulala ngokumluma entanyeni. Ama-faices angabazingeli abanolaka nabangesabi abahlasela inyamazane enkulu ngobukhulu. I -retret emnyama ngayinye ihlala endaweni yayo, kepha ayimaki futhi ivame ukuyihlanganyela nabanye abamele izinhlobo zezitho zayo zocansi.
Umndeni wama-ferrets eholidini.
Ukuzala
Isikhathi sokuzalela kuma-ferrets aqala ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Izinsuku ezingama-40- 323 emva kokukhulelwa, inzalo iyazalwa.
Inani lamawundlu liyahlukahluka kusuka ku-5 kuye ku-10. Zincane kakhulu futhi azisizi ngalutho - zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-10, ubude obungu-55-70 mm, izimpumputhe nezithulu. Ngemuva kwesonto, izinsimbi ezisanda kuzalwa zimbozwa ngoboya obumhlophe obumhlophe, eneminyaka yenyanga eyodwa, umbala wejazi loboya uyashintsha ube nsundu.
Umama udla amawele ngobisi kuze kufike kumaviki amathathu, futhi athathwa njengabadala anezinyanga ezintathu. Isici esibonakalayo sezintokazi ezimnyama ezibucayi ukuzinikela kwabo nesibindi ngazo ukuvikela inzalo yazo.
Izinsimbi ezisencane zivuthwa ngokocansi ziseneminyaka eyodwa.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Umthethosisekelo
I -retret yehlathi inomzimba omude. Ivumelana nezimo futhi i-squat. Izimbambo zesilwane zimfishane, zigugile futhi ziqinile. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala sengathi i-ferret ivele ibhuquze phansi lapho igxuma ibamba inyamazane.
Ubukhulu behlathi linobuthakathaka ngamanani:
- isisindo - kuyehluka kusuka ku-1 kg kuye ku-1.5 kg,
- ubude bomzimba wonke - kusuka ku-35 kuye ku-50 cm,
- ubude bomsila - kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-17 cm.
Kubalulekile. Lawa masayizi abalingiswa abesilisa, kuyilapho izinsikazi zincane futhi zinesikhathi esincane kunazo.
Umbala
Njengoba isilwane sibizwa ngokuthi i-black Ferret, akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi yimuphi umbala ovame kakhulu. Umbala usukela ebumnyameni obumnyama ukuya komnyama ngokuphelele. Eqinisweni, kulezi zilwane, uboya bunezingqimba ezimbili, kepha umbala unqunywa izinwele zezinwele ezingemuva, ezingamnyama noma zimnyama-zibe nsundu emahlangeni amahlathi.
Endle, ungathola abantu abanejazi elilula. Ngaphezu kombala omnyama, kukhona nalawa:
Kungakhathalekile ngombala wejazi, izilwane azikaze zibe yi-monophonic (ngaphandle kwama-albino). Kepha kusele amathunzi amnyama. Imibala ehlukahlukene enjalo ichazwa iqiniso lokuthi izilwane zasehlathini zixhumana nezihlobo zazo eziseduze kakhulu - ama-steppe ferrets. Yize lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zihlala ezindaweni ezihlukile, ngokwemvelo zivame ukuhlangana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo engazala.
Siza Esikhathini esiningi, ukuqina kwamahlathi esiswini sawo, umsila kanye nemilenze kumnyama kakhulu ngombala kwezinye izindawo. Kukhona imaskhi emhlophe ebusweni esiza isilwane ukucasha kahle.
Izici zesakhiwo
Lesi silwane sinezici zesakhiwo ezihlukanisa ngaso kwezinye izihlobo.
Okokuqala - uboya. Ukuqina kwakhe kujwayelekile. Kepha isilwane siziqhenya ngobude nobukhazikhazi bejazi laso. Ubude bezinwele emhlane bungafinyelela ku-6 cm. Ehlobo, i-undercoat ayibukeki yinhle kakhulu futhi ayikhanyi kangako, kepha ngokufika ekwindla, ukubukeka kwehlathi Ferret kushintsha kakhulu kube ngcono.
Kepha inhloko, imile okwemvelo. Izinhlangothi zithotshisiwe kancane. Ukushintshwa kusuka ekhanda kuye entanyeni kubushelelezi. Izindlebe aziphakeme kakhulu, zibanzi ezansi. Amehlo wesilwane mancane futhi ansundu, futhi akhanya kahle kakhulu.
Amawele we-Ferret athe xaxa futhi amafushane. Izingalo zesikhonkwane ziphansi kancane kunangaphambili. Uma uqala ukubheka, kungahle kubonakale sengathi lesi silwane simanzi, kepha empeleni akunjalo. I-ferret ingahamba ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye ikhombise ubuze obuxakile.
Izindawo Zokuhlala zasendle
Lesi silwane esisehlathini siyisilwane sasendle esixazululiwe. I-Ferret ifakwe endaweni ethile. Hkaningi, uhlala ezindlini zokukhosela ezinosayizi abancane. Kungaba ngokhuni, ama-haystacks noma iziqu ezibolile. Futhi kwenzeka ukuthi i-leret iqala ukuhlala emiseleni yabanye abantu, lapho kwakukhona izimpungushe namabale.
Uma idolobhana lingahlali kude, isilwane singazinza emiphongolweni nasezigangeni, futhi sakhe nendawo yokukhosela ngaphansi kophahla lwaso.
Siza I-Forest ferret cishe ayikaze ibambe imigodi yayo.
Indawo ekahle yokuhlala i-reret yehlathi ngamahlathi athule nezihlahla zemifula kanye nokuchithwa kwezihlahla. Lezi zilwane azithandi ukuhlala ku-taiga.
Kaningi zitholakala eduze nemifula noma ezinye izinto zokugcina amanzi. Umuntu osebenza ehlathini angabhukuda, kepha akakhombisi ikhono eliphakeme kule ndaba, ngokungafani nabalingani bakhe baseYurophu.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
I -retret emnyama yasendle ihlala inesibindi esikhulu. Sengathi unolaka. Uma ehlangana nesitha esizoqina kakhulu futhi sibe sikhulu kunaye, khona-ke ihlathi eliyihlathi alisoze labesabisa, lizolwa ngesibindi.
Isilo sinesimo esifanayo nezisulu zaso. Isibonelo, uma ingena kopha inkukhu, iyoququda inyoni eyodwa kuphela, futhi imane ibambe bonke abanye. Emvelweni, indlela aziphatha ngayo ayishintshi. Uma ethola isidleke sezinyoni, uzobulala wonke umuntu okuyo, yize edla okuncane kakhulu.
Izinhlobo nezimpawu zazo
Kunezinhlobo ezi-2 ze-draret ezifuywayo - i-fret ne-furo.
UFerret - umbala o-reret uthole lelo gama. Lo mmeleli wokuhlobisa wezinhlobo unobuhle obuhle nobushelelayo. Kungaba ngumbala, wesibhakabhaka noma ogolide. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bomzimba wakhe buhlukahluka kusuka ku-25 kuye ku-50 cm, nesisindo - ukusuka ku-800 kuye ku-2500 g.
Lesi silwane sisebenzelana kahle nabantu, sisebenza kakhulu futhi sithanda ukufunda umhlaba. Le nhlobo ilala kakhulu. Angakwazi ukudonsa amahora angama-20. Ikakhulu, iqala ukulala kakhulu ngokufika kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.
Kepha isilwane siboleka ngokuphelele ekuqeqesheni. Kulula ukujwayela itreyi. Ungamhamba ngezinyawo uhamba umgwaqo.
Kufanele bondliwe:
- iphalishi nenyama,
- amagundane okudla
- ukudla okomile
- izimpethu.
Kubalulekile. Kwenqatshelwe ukondla i-ferret ngasikhathi sinye ngokudla okwomile nokudla okuluhlaza. Kufanele ukhethe into eyodwa.
UFuro - uyi-albino. Uboya bayo bumhlophe, ngoba ayikho i-melanin emzimbeni. Futhi, uboya bungaba ukuthinta kwe-champagne. Abantu abangajwayelekile kakhulu lapho imibala yombala ephakathi nendawo.
Ubude bomzimba obujwayelekile buvela ku-25 kuya ku-24 cm. bunesisindo esingama-400 g.Furo inesici esiyingqayizivele - amehlo abomvu akhanyayo.
Uthanda lapho benaka kakhulu kuye. Ukuzijabulisa okuhle kakhulu kuye yimidlalo esebenzayo. Kunconywa ukuyondla ngemikhiqizo elandelayo:
- inhlanzi entsha
- imifino
- inyama yenkukhu namaqanda,
- i-veal.
Kubalulekile. UFuro wenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukondla amaswidi, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwesilwane.
Ukudla Kwasendle
Ama-ferrets amahlathi adla amagundane. Ukudla kwabo okuningi kuqukethe izinduku ezincane ezinjenge-voles yasensimini. Uma kusehlobo ngaphandle, i-ferret ingavula ukuzingela kwama-toads kanye namagundane amanzi amancane. Ingazingela izinyoni ezincane nezinyoka ezincane, kepha ikwenza njalo. Usengadla izinambuzane ezinkulu, ezinjengesikhonyane.
Uma isilwane sihlala eduzane nedolobhana, singadlela onogwaja kanye nezinkukhu.
Izitha Zezihlahla Zasendle Ezihlangene
Njengoba irretret emnyama ingeyikhulu, inezitha eziningi endle ezingamlimaza noma zimbulale.
Okokuqala, lezi yizimpisi. Ziyingozi enkulu kunazo zonke ezilwaneni. Yize lokhu okugcina kungagijima ngokushesha, kuzoba nzima kakhulu kubo ukucasha kumuntu omkhulu ohlaselayo endaweni evulekile lapho kungekho lutho.
Lapho kuqala ubusika, izimpungushe ikakhulukazi zivame ukuqala ukuhlasela ubisi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungahle kungabi nazigundane noma zimbalwa kakhulu zazo kangangokuba impungushe ayinayo eyanele. Ama-haimbimbimbili, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka njalo ukubabamba.
Kukhona nezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla isilwane sasehlathini. Esikhathini sasemini - lezi yizinkozi zama-golide nama-falcons, kanti ebusuku - izikhova nezikhova.
U-Lynx - uthanda ukwanelisa izikebhe ngokudla kwakhe indlala. Le kati yasendle inamazinyo abukhali kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, iyisiwula futhi inobuqili, ngakho-ke uma ihlangabezana nesilwane esincane, khona-ke ayinathuba lokusindiswa.
Uma lezi zilwane ezincane zihlala endaweni ye-steppe, khona-ke izinja ezidukayo zingazihlasela.
Kepha, njengenjwayelo, isitha esiyingozi kakhulu kuma-ferrets amnyama yindoda. Kungenxa yakhe ukuthi abantu babo bangafika ekubhujisweni okuphelele, yingakho lesi silwane sisohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu.
Yiliphi ihlathi eliyingozi (elimnyama elimnyama)
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi zilwane zinhle kakhulu ngokubukeka futhi zingagcinwa ngisho nasekhaya, abantu abathile abahlala endaweni yemvelo bangaba yingozi kubantu.
Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kusebenza kwinkukhu, ecijisana ngentambo lapho igibela emgodini.Kunezikhathi lapho isilwane sibulala yonke imfuyo.
Ngisho nezinsizi ezimnyama zingathela abantu amarabi. Ngakho-ke, uma lesi silwane silume, kufanele uye esibhedlela ngokushesha.
Isiphetho
I-Forest Ferret isilwane esincane esivezwa ubuhlakani baso nokubukeka okuhle. Ihlala emahlathini, kepha ingahlala ekhaya.
Singabanikazi begundane elihanjiswa emhlabeni 😜
Uma uthola ukunganembi noma ungavumelani nombhali wombhalo, bhala umbono wakho ngezansi