Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-grey partridge ivela ezinhlotsheni eziningana zezinyoni ezisekuqaleni. Okhokho bakhe babehlala ngaseningizimu yeYurophu futhi bekuyinto abayithandayo yokudla kwaseNeanderthals - lokhu kufakazelwa ngukumbiwa nezifundo eziningi. Njengomhlobo ohlukile, kwakhiwa amasparidi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ompunga kusukela esikhathini esibizwa ngeLate Pleistocene. Abanye ochwepheshe basakholelwa ekutheni lolu hlobo lwakudala luvela ePliocene yeNyakatho neMongolia naseTransbaikalia.
Uma unentshisekelo embuzweni wokuthi i-miniature greyjana ibukeka kanjani, funda ngokucophelela.
Ubude bomzimba wenyoni bungama-29 - 31 cm, isisindo bukhoma - kusuka ku-310 kuya ku-450 amagremu, amaphiko - kusuka ku-45 kuye ku-48 cm. Umbala oyinhloko ngwevu onsundu, emuva ungabona iphethini egqamile. Kukhona indawo emthunzini okhanyayo wesisu, osesimweni esifana nehhashi futhi ngokwesiko upendwe emthunzini omnyama onsundu. Kunemivimbo e-brown ezinhlangothini. Ubuso benyoni bubuthakathaka. Ikhanda lincane, futhi isifuba nomhlane kukhule kahle. Izimpaphe zomsila omsila omfushane zibomvu ngombala - ngaphandle kwalezo eziphakathi. Lokhu kubonakala ngokucacile kuphela uma amabalelwano endiza endiza. Uqhwaku nemilenze yenyoni imnyama ngombala. Ushizi nomphimbo kukhanye ngokwanele. Umbala wesifazane awunamibala engafani noweduna. Intsha inezindawo zomzimba ezinde ezimnyama nezimpunga.
Umsoco nokuziphatha kahle
I-Partridge Grey ithanda ukudla ukudla kwemvelaphi yezitshalo. Ukhetha okusanhlamvu, amahlumela amasha namaqabunga okusetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Ezinyangeni ezinzima kakhulu onyakeni, okungukuthi ebusika, ukudla kuqukethe izinhlayiya eziluhlaza zesinkwa sasebusika.
Amasango, kanye nabanye abamele umndeni wezinkukhu, basiza ezolimo nezamahlathi ngokudla izinambuzane eziyingozi, ama-slgs kanye neminenke. Izinambuzane nezibungu zazo kungabizwa ngokuthi ukwelapha okuthandayo. Izinyoni zithola kalula izimfudu eziyingozi futhi zizenze inyamazane yazo, okungukuthi, ukudla. Ziletha izinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa ngoba zidla ukhula.
Ekuseni nasekuseni kusihlwa amaparati ayaphuma eyofuna ukudla nsuku zonke. Emini naphakathi nobusuku bahlala befihla izinyamazane emathangeni aminyene.
Izinyoni eziluhlaza baphila impilo yokuhlala. Bangashiya izindawo abazithandayo kuphela beyofuna ukudla. Ngenqubo yokuzulazula, amanye amabanga aziphatha ngokungafanele - aba namahloni kakhulu. Ekwindla nasebusika, bahlala emhlambini omkhulu.
Lapho iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika entwasahlobo futhi isikhathi sokuzalelana sesisondele, izinyoni ngababili zihlala ezingxenyeni ezithile zensimu ukuze zidleke. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho kuzwakala khona amazwi abesilisa, ahlela ukulwa nelungelo lokuba nowesifazane. Balwela ukushaya umphikisi besebenzisa izindlawu noqhwaku.
Imigqa indiza yehla ngenhla komhlabathi, kuyilapho amaphiko ayo ekhala kakhulu. Lezi zinyoni zomhlaba zivame ukugijima phakathi kwezihlahlana, zidiliza emhlabathini noma zigeze othulini. Uma wesabisa umhlambi, kwehlukana nemisindo ephakeme kangaka engathusa umuntu olula. I-parridge ngokuvamile iyandiza, inamathela ngokuqinile kulayini oqondile, ingabe isheshe ihlale eduze.
Bathanda ukwakha izidleke endaweni abayithandayo ethule, besebenzisa utshani namagatsha atholakala ngokuhleleka kwabo. Inyoni esidlekayo iyathanda ukukhetha izinkambu nezindawo ezingamakhompiyutha, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlanganisa izihlahlana, imishayo nezigodi, imiphetho yamahlathi. Ensimini ye-steppe engapheli, izidleke zayo zitholakala lapho kunamabhishi noma ukhula, emahlathini esiqhingi, izihlahla zamahlathi amancane.
Ezwini labo izinyoni zibukeka njengezinkukhu ezijwayelekile. Izinsikazi zikhipha ukugqwala okubonakalisayo, njengezinkukhu zezinkukhu, kuyilapho abesilisa bekhipha imisindo ekhumbuza “iqhude” elijwayele abantu bendawo.
Lapho kuhlala khona
Ngokuphila, i-parridge ukhetha izingxenye ezivuleke kakhulu zamasimu anezinhlaka nemifudlana, amadamu, izitebhisi. Le nyoni ithanda lapho kunesikhala esiningi sokuhamba nokuhamba ngokukhululeka, ngakho-ke izidleke zayo azikaze zitholakale emasimini noma emaphethelweni ehlathi. Lokhu kuhlangene nokudla okunempilo - i-partridge ikhetha amasimu anezitshalo ze-buckwheat, oats kanye ne-map.
I-Partridge grey ihlala ezingxenyeni eziningi zeYurophu; ihlala itholakala entshonalanga ye-Asia. Uyakwazi ukubona eCanada naseNyakatho Melika. Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni ibhekwa njengezindawo eziseningizimu ye-Western Siberia neKazakhstan.
I-Partridge grey isatshalaliswa ukusuka eBritish Isles nasenyakatho nePortugal kuya endaweni esempumalanga ye-Altai. Umngcele osempumalanga wendawo abahlala kuwo yiMfula i-Ob. Enyakatho nengxenye yeYurophu yaseRussia, le nyoni itholakala icishe ifinyelela kuLwandle Olumhlophe. ENtshonalanga yeSiberia, le nyoni ihlala ngezikhonkwane ze-birch, inotshani obude futhi obukhulu. Eningizimu, izidleke zekhefu zingabonakala eTranscaucasia, e-Asia Ephakathi naseTarbagatai. Basenyakatho ne-Iran ne-Asia Minor.
Amamabhuleki ahlala cishe azinza eningizimu, ezindaweni ezise-steppe nasezindaweni eziwugwadule. Kepha ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga nasenyakatho, lapho kuvama khona iqhwa eliningi, izinyoni ziyaphoqeleka ukundiza ezintabeni zeCiscaucasia, eningizimu ye-Ukraine naseCentral Asia. Izindawo ezihlala izimpunga kwesinye isikhathi ziya eSiberia ngenhloso yokubandza ubusika ngokuthula. Ngokuqala kwekwindla, izinyoni zalolu hlobo zingahlala zitholakala ogwini lweLake Baikal, olusentshonalanga.
Ukuzala
Entwasahlobo, eduze kuka-Ephreli, izinyoni zakha ngababili, eziyobe sezenziwa ekutshaleni inzalo. Ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, insikazi iqala ukubeka amaqanda esidlekeni esilungiselelwe. Isidleke siyimbumba encane ebunjiwe ekujuleni kwenhlabathi, ngaphansi kwayo kubekwe khona iziqu ezithambile. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala ngqo ngaphansi kwesihlahla, kepha kutholakala kakhulu ezitshalweni zikapipi, i-rye, ukolweni, i-clover, utshani obude bokubhula, izihlahla ezisekupheleni kwama-copses noma ama-rose.
Ngokuya ngeminyaka, insikazi iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ayi-9 - 24. Ngayinye yayo ifinyelela ku-33 mm ubude, ama-26 mm ububanzi, inesimo sethanga, ingaphezulu leselambile uma lithinteka futhi linombala onsundu ngokungathi ingcolile, isithunzi. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3 wokufakelwa, kuvela izingane ezinombala ophuzi ezinamabala amnyama. Isisu sabo sikhanya kancane kunasemuva kwabo. Amachwane angakaqini ngokuqinile agijima kahle kakhulu. Ezilwaneni ezincane, izimpaphe zikhula emuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi amaphuphu ayakwazi ukundiza ezindaweni ngezindawo.
Abazali bazibandakanye ekukhuliseni inzalo - bafundisa izingane ukuthola ukudla, ukuzivikela ezindleleni zemvelo nakwizisulu ezidla ezinye. Ubaba osanda kubhalwa unesibindi ngokukhethekile. Ugijimela ngqo phambi kwezilo zasendle ukuphambukisela ukunaka kwazo emachwaneni. Abesilisa abaningi, bavikela inzalo, bayafa.
Lapho ukukhula okuncane kufinyelela usayizi wabantu abadala futhi kudlula ngempumelelo isikhathi sokuncibilikisa, izinyoni ziphambuka ziye emhlambini omkhulu. Bayazulazula beyofuna ukudla. Ebusika, lapho kuba nenkinga yokukuthola, imihlambi itholakala eduze nendawo yokuhlala kwabantu. Baya esibayeni, lapho kukhona okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu okusakazeke emithanjeni nangaphezulu kweqhwa. Izinyoni zicasha otshanini ebusuku ngezivunguvungu zeqhwa. Uma isimo sezulu sizolile, amabanga amade aya ezindizeni ekuseni nakusihlwa, kuthi ntambama aphephe eduze kwehlathi.
Izitha ze-Partridge
I-steppe grey partridge ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo kunzima ukubekezelela ubusika obunzima - izinyoni eziningi ziyafa ngalesi sikhathi. Izinyoni ezilambile futhi ezibuthakathaka ziba izisulu ezilula zezinyamazane. Kwenzeka ukuthi izinyoni, ezazingcwatshwe eqhweni ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, ngemuva kokuchitha ubusuku azikwazi ukundiza ziphume endaweni yazo yokuhlala, ngoba kwakukhona isithwathwa ebusuku, futhi ingaphezulu lalimbozwe uqweqwe lweqhwa.
Izimpungushe, ama-ermines, ama-ferrets, ama-falcons, ama-Hawks, ama-falcons, ama-loons athanda ukuzingela izinyoni ezindala nezintsha. Izidleke zazo zonakaliswa ngama-hamsters, ama-hedgehogs, amantongomane kanye namaqhude. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, amagwababa grey avakashela amasimu, ama-steppes kanye nezimbaza, imiphetho yamahlathi nezihlahlana ukuthola izidleke zephasi futhi adle amaqanda awo noma inzalo. Ukube izinyoni bezingahlukaniswa ngezinga eliphakeme lokuzimela, imfuyo yazo ngabe kudala yabhujiswa ngabaningi bezinyamazane. Izitha zezinyoni zingamakati nezinja ezidukelayo emasimini, zizama ukuthola abantu amadala namachwane, ukudonsela nokudla amaqanda.
Imiphakathi yokuzingela idinga ukubhekana nezinsikazi ezingama-vulture, ama-sparkrow hawons, inyanga yeswidi, i-grey crow, kanye nabazingeli abazingela amabanga asemgwaqweni besebenzisa amatende, izingodo nezinye izindlela ezinqatshelwe.