Amasayizi mancane futhi aphakathi. Ubude bomzimba ka-125-220 cm, ubude bomsila 18-45 cm, ukuphakama kubuna amasentimitha angama-70-130. Isisindo 50-250 kg. Abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ukukhanya esakhiweni esindayo. Umzimba kwi-sacrum uphakeme kancane kunasesikalini. Ikhanda likhulu. Ekupheleni kwe-muzzle kukhona indawo ephakathi nendawo noma enkulu yesikhumba esingenalutho. Amehlo makhulu. Izindlebe zobude obuphakathi ezinezinhlaka ezikhonjisiwe noma eziyindilinga. Izinyawo zinciphile. Umsila ubude obuphakathi nebhulashi lezinwele ekugcineni. Izimpondo ubude be-30-100 cm; ngabesilisa kuphela abanazo. Izimpondo eziqondile noma ezimise okomshini ziyahlanekezela ezisekelweni ngakwenye bese zihamba zibheke emuva futhi zibheke phezulu. Izihloko zezimpondo S ezimise okomuntu ziqonde phambili nangaphezulu. Izimpondo zihlanganiswa ngaphesheya. Cishe bonke ubude bezimpondo bunemibono ehlukahlukene yohlobo oluthile. Amacici aphakathi nendawo amade noma amade kakhulu, akhombe. Izinselo ezizayo, ezinkulu. Umbala wamaqhude nezimpondo ungwevu onsundu noma onsundu.
Umugqa wezinwele ubanzi, uphansi, noma ubude obuphakathi. Kukhona i-mane entanyeni. Isidumbu esiphezulu sinombala ophuzi, omnyama-grey, ophuzi mpunga, onsundu ngokubomvu, ansundu-omnyama noma ocishe abe mnyama. Imvamisa ingemuva limnyama kunezinhlangothi. Izinhlangothi ezingaphandle zemilenze ezinemidwebo emide emnyama noma emnyama. Izindandatho ezimhlophe zivame ukutholakala ezingxenyeni zazo zokuphikisana. Izindebe, isilevu, indawo ezungeze amehlo, ikhala eduze kwakhala kanye nesisekelo sezindlebe zilula noma zimhlophe. Uhlangothi lomzimba kanye “nesibuko” esiseduze nomsila onsomi, mpunga-mhlophe noma mhlophe. I-infraorbital gland incane noma ayikho nhlobo. Izinduna ze-Inguinal azikho noma zikhona ngenani lamabili noma amane. Azikho izindlala ze-carpal ne-interdigital. Ingono 2 ngababili.
Isigaxa sinciphile, imiphetho engezansi neyangemuva yemigwaqo emikhulu ihamba iya ezinhlangothini. Ibhokisi lobuchopho licishe libe yingxenye yesithathu yobude bangaphambili. Amathambo emakhaleni mide futhi mncane. Ukuvuleka kwe-ethmoid ne-infraorbital kukhulu.
I-diploid isethi yama-chromosomes embuzi yamanzi kanye ne-cob ingama-50, ne-lychee yeNayile - 52.
Kusatshalaliswa emazweni aseningizimu yeSahara e-Afrika.
Ama-savannas ayi-8 ahlala emaphethelweni amahlathi, noma kumahlathi egalari aseduze kwemizimba yamanzi, noma ezindaweni ezishisayo emathafeni nasemagqumeni. Kepha zigcinwa ingxenye enkulu emaqenjini amancane aqukethe owesilisa, izinsikazi eziningana nezincane. Bayakwazi ukubhukuda kahle. Zidla ezitshalweni ezinotshani zomhlaba wasemanzini nase K. ellipsiprymnus kanye ne K. kob futhi ngamaqabunga nezihlahlana zezihlahla. Iyasebenza ekuseni, kusihlwa nasebusuku. Isikhathi sokuzala ngokuvamile asibekelwe isikhathi esithile sonyaka. Ukuzalela abesilisa kuhlala endaweni encane, egadiwe. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyizinyanga ezingama-7-8. Kwilitha elilodwa, kuyaqabukela kubili, kuyaqabukela amathole amathathu. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka, ngokusobala, eminyakeni eyi-1.5. Isikhathi sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-12, ekuthunjweni kufinyelela eminyakeni eyi-17.
Ngenxa yezimpondo ezinhle, zisebenza njengento yokuzingela ezemidlalo.
Imbuzi yamanzi - K. ellipsiprymnus Ogilby, 1833 (sub-Saharan Africa, from Senegal in the West to Somalia in the empumalanga)
I-Kob - K. kob Erxleben, 1777 (ukusuka eSenegal naseGambia empumalanga kuye eningizimu nentshonalanga ye-Ethiopia kanye naseningizimu kuya cishe ku-17 ° S),
Puku K. vardoni Livingstone, 1857 (enyakatho neBotswana, iZambia, iMalawi, iTanzania, iZaire),
I-Lychee-K. leche Grey, 1850 (iBotswana, i-Angola, iZambia, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeZaire),
INile Lychee - K. megaceros Fitzinger, 1855 (iNayile River Region eSouth Sudan naseNtshonalanga Ethiopia).
Abanye abacwaningi (ngokwesibonelo, u-Ellerman, 1953) bakhetha uhlobo olukhethekile kusuka ku-K. ellipsiprymnus K. defassa Riippel, 1835, bafaka (ngokwesibonelo, i-Haltenort, 1963) K. vardoni ku K. kob, bebodwa (Simpson, 1945) K. kob esikhethekile genus Adenota Grav, 1847, and K-megaceros in the genus Onotragus Heller, 1913.
ILychee ifakiwe kwiBhuku elibomvu njengezinhlobo ezincane ezingaba sengozini yokuqothulwa maduze.
Incazelo
Imbuzi yaseSudan inokuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-90-100 lapho ibuna futhi inesisindo kusuka kuma-70 kuya kwayi-110 kilogramu. Uboya bukhona kanye nezinwele ezinde ezihlathini zabobabili ubulili, kanti abesilisa bangaba nezinwele ezinde ngisho nasezintanjeni. Izimbuzi zaseSudan zine-dimorphism yezocansi. Umbala wezinsikazi onsundu golide (izinsikazi ezincane nazo zinombala lo, kepha ziyanyamalala lapho zifinyelela eminyakeni engu-2-3 ubudala) ngesisu esingezansi esimhlophe, kungekho zimpondo. Umbala wesilisa ungumbala we-chocolate brown noma obomvu ngombala obomvu ngombala othi “ingubo” emhlophe emahlombe nasezindaweni ezincane ezimhlophe eduze kwamehlo. Izimpondo zikhula ziye kubude obungu-50-80 cm, zibe nomumo ocijile, obunjiwe " Isilinganiso sokuphila esijwayelekile sisukela eminyakeni eyi-10 kuye kweyi-11.5, ephezulu - kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-19.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Izimbuzi zaseSudan ziyakwazi ukwenza imisindo enkulu ukuze zikwazi ukuxhumana futhi zinikeze nezimpawu. Ukukhala kwabesifazane kufana nokugoba ubuhlalu. Izimbuzi zaseSudan zingezilwane ezibizwa ngokuthi "zihambile", ezisebenza amahora kusihlwa nangaphambi kokusa. Imihlambi yakheka lapho kungatholakala khona izintokazi ezingafika ku-15 ngowesilisa ngamunye. Zidla ngama-anculents, ilayisi yasendle kanye nezitshalo zasemanzini. Bafinyelela ebusheni beneminyaka emibili; ukulwa ezimpondweni zezinsikazi ngesikhathi sokuzala kuvamile. Owesifazane uletha iwundlu elilodwa emva kwezinyanga eziyisikhombisa zokukhulelwa, lapho eneminyaka engu-6-8 ubudala iba nokuzimela.
Amanothi
- ↑ 12Sokolov V.E. Isichazamazwi sezilimi ezimbili samagama ezilwane. Omama IsiLatin, isiRussia, isiNgisi, isiJalimane, nesiFulentshi. / ihlelwe yi-Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M: Rus. lang., 1984. - S. 132. - 10,000 amakhophi.
- ↑ Qedela i-encyclopedia ephelele. "Mamamncane" Prince. 2 = I-New Encyclopedia of Mammals / Ed. D. MacDonald. - M: "Omega", 2007. - S. 470. - 3000 amakhophi. - I-ISBN 978-5-465-01346-8
Isisekelo seWikimedia. 2010.
Bona ukuthi "imbuzi yaseSudan" ikuphi kwezinye izichazamazwi:
Imbuzi yaseSudan - Nilinis ličis statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuningi. I-Kobus megaceros angl. UMnu. UGogo kaGogo, uNkk. Lechwe kaGrey, iNile lechwe vok. Weißnacken Moorentyilope rus. INayile lychee, imbuzi yaseSudan ryšiai: ... ... Žinduolių pavadinimų žodynas
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INle lechwe - Nilinis ličis statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuningi. I-Kobus megaceros angl. UMnu. UGogo kaGogo, uNkk. Lechwe kaGrey, iNile lechwe vok. Weißnacken Moorentyilope rus. INayile lychee, imbuzi yaseSudan ryšiai: ... ... Žinduolių pavadinimų žodynas
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nile lychee - Nilinis ličis statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuningi. I-Kobus megaceros angl. UMnu. UGogo kaGogo, uNkk. Lechwe kaGrey, iNile lechwe vok. Weißnacken Moorentyilope rus. INayile lychee, imbuzi yaseSudan ryšiai: ... ... Žinduolių pavadinimų žodynas
ISudan (izwe) - ISudan, iDemocratic Republic of Sudan (i-Arabhu: I-Jumhuriat njengoba neSudan ad Dimocracy). I. Imininingwane evamile C. Isifundazwe saseNyakatho ne-Afrika. Imingcele ngasenyakatho neGibhithe, enyakatho nentshonalanga neLibya, entshonalanga neRiphabhlikhi yaseChad, eningizimu nentshonalanga neCentral African ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Ukubukeka kwezimbuzi zaseSudan
Izimbuzi zaseSudan zingaba nesisindo kusuka kumakhilogremu angama-60 kuye kwangama-120, kanti isilinganiso somzimba esijwayelekile singama-90 kilos. Ngobude, afinyelela kaningi amasentimitha ayi-150.
Ukuphakama kwabesilisa emahlombe cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-100 ukuya ku-10. Abesifazane ngaphansi kwabesilisa - amasentimitha angama-80-85.
Ngakho-ke i-dimorphism emenyezelwe ngokocansi iyisici salezi zilwane ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane babonakala njengabamele izinhlobo ezahlukene. Abantu bobulili obuhlukile bahlukile ngombala, iphethini nosayizi womzimba.
Ijazi leNayile lychee linamabala amade futhi lide. Umsila mude, izinselo zincane, nekhala lifushane. Umbala wesilisa amadala unombala onsundu, kanti ngemuva kwezimpondo kunamabala amhlophe. Ibala elimhlophe lixhuma umucu wombala ofanayo osentanyeni.
INayile lychee noma imbuzi yaseSudan (Kobus megaceros).
Abesilisa banezimpondo ezinde ezinemisebe emide. Ubude bophondo bungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-48-87. Umbala wezinsikazi uphuzi, ngaphezu kwalokho, awunazimpondo.
Ukuzala uNile Lychee
Lezi zimbuzi zizala minyaka yonke. Ngokwemvelo, lesi sikhathi siba ngoFebhuwari-Meyi. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyisikhombisa. Kuzalwa inkonyane eyodwa enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-4,5-5,5.
Ube ozimele ezinyangeni ezingama-6-8. Ukuvuthwa kokuzala ezilwaneni ezisencane kwenzeka ngokwesilinganiso eminyakeni emi-2.
Izimbuzi zaseSudan zinesistimu yokuwela i-harem, okungukuthi, iduna elihamba phambili kuphela elivunyelwe ukuqhubeka nenzalo. Abesifazane bayakwazi ukushada kaningi ngemuva kokuzala, ngakho-ke, phakathi kokuzalwa kwezingane, ngokwesilinganiso, izinyanga eziyi-11.6 zidlula.
Iningi labesifazane liyazala minyaka yonke. Ngokuzala amankonyane kwenzeka ngenkathi yezimvula, kepha ekudingisweni izimbuzi zaseSudan zingazala unyaka wonke. Kepha ngisho naku-zoo, kukhona inani eliphakeme lokuzala ngoFebhuwari noMeyi.
Ama-lychees aseNayile ayizigaxa ezibalulekile zabazingeli.
Amathole eNayile Litchi aqala indlela yokuphila ecashile. Ngezinyanga eziyi-6-8, insikazi iyayeka ukondla ithole ngobisi, futhi izimele. Kuze kube yilesi sikhathi, ithole lilandela umama, futhi unina uyamvikela futhi amnakekele. Uma ingane ihlaselwa umhlaseli, khona-ke umama uyohlasela isitha, amshaye ekhanda ngezinselo.
Izimbuzi zaseSudan ziphila iminyaka engaba ngu-19, kepha esikhathini esiningi ziphila iminyaka eyi-11 kuphela. Izinga lokufa kwamathole liphezulu kakhulu, njengoba abantu abanonyaka owodwa bahlaselwe kakhulu izibungu zezimpukane. Izimpukane ezidala ukufa kwabantu njalo phakathi kwamaNayile lychees - cishe ama-36%.
Indlela yokuphila yezimbuzi yaseSudan
Ama-lychee aseNayile ayizilwane zasemini. Bahlala emihlanjini, okungukuthi, baphila impilo yomphakathi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye babonisa indlela yokuziphatha kwezwe. Izimbuzi zaseSudan zihlangana ngamaqembu abantu abangama-50-500. Imikhakha eminingana yezenhlalo iphawulwa emihlambini: izintokazi ezindala, izinsikazi ezincane, abesilisa abavuthiwe nabadala.
Ama-lychees eNayile enza imisindo enkulu, ngaleyo ndlela axhumane futhi anikeze nezimpawu.
Lezi zilwane zithandana ezindaweni ezikhethekile - i-leks. Abesilisa abavuthiwe bayaqhubeka nomjaho, kanti abesilisa abasebancane abavunyelwe, umsebenzi wabo ukuvikela insimu kubaqhudelani.
AmaNayile lychee adinga amanzi okuphila, ngakho-ke aqoqana emaxhaphozini ngesikhathi semvula. Bangabhukudi abahle kakhulu, kepha ngasikhathi sinye bathanda ukunqwabelana emanzini angajulile. Izimbuzi zaseSudan kukhona ama-herbivores.
Ezokuxhumana UNile Lychee
Izimbuzi zaseSudan ziyaxhumana njengezinye izimbuzi zamanzi. Banokuxhumana okubonakalayo nohlelo lwe-alamu olubonakalayo. Uma besengozini, bagijima, benze gxuma phezulu emoyeni, kuyilapho ikhanda liphendukela ohlangothini.
Izimbuzi zaseSudan zingezilwane ezibizwa ngokuthi "zihambile", ezisebenza amahora kusihlwa nangaphambi kokusa.
Lapho owesimame ekhombisa ukuzithoba, welula intamo yakhe phambili. Lapho abesilisa bekhombisa amandla abo, basebenzisa izimpondo, bacindezela umphikisi wabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa basebenzisa amakha anephunga, bazichamela bona, bese izinsikazi zimaka leli phunga ngaphambi kokuzala.
I-Ecology
Ama-lychee aseNayile angakwazi ukubona futhi athule ukuze axhumane. Baphakamisela phezulu emoyeni phambi kwabaphikisi babo futhi baphendulela amakhanda abo eceleni, bayakhombisa. Abesifazane banomsindo omuhle kakhulu, benza sengathi buwubala obufana nobuso ngenkathi buhamba. Bekulwa, amadoda athoba amakhanda abo futhi asebenzisa izimpondo zawo ukudlubulundela ndawonye. Uma indoda eyodwa incane kakhulu kunenye, ingahambela eceleni kwendoda enkulu esesimweni esilinganayo futhi isuke lapho, evimbela indoda enkulu ukuba iqhubekele phambili ngamandla ayo onke. Abazingeli abadumile bangabantu, amabhubesi, izingwenya, izinja ezizingelayo iCape nezingwe. Agijimela ukunisela uma aphazamisekile, kepha abesifazane bavikela inzalo yabo kwizinyamazane ezincane ngokuhlasela okuqondile, ikakhulukazi ukukhahlela.
INy lychee yasekuseni iqala ukusebenza, isebenza ekuseni kakhulu futhi ntambama. Baqoqana ngemihlambi yabesifazane abangafika kwabayi-50 nendoda eyodwa noma emihlanjini emincane yobulili besilisa bonke. Bazihlukanisa ngokwamaqembu amathathu omphakathi: abesifazane nabazukulwana babo abasha, abesilisa abangama-bachelor nabesilisa abavuthiwe abanezindawo. Amadoda anensimu kwesinye isikhathi avumela indoda eyisipele endaweni yayo ukuthi ivikele indawo futhi ingalingisi.
Inani lama-lychee aseNayile kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Izitha zemvelo zezimbuzi zaseSudan izingwe namabhubesi. Imvamisa bahlaselwa izingwenya, njengoba ama-lychees echitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini. Bazingelwa ngosizo lwezinja. Ubuningi balezi zinhlobo bunenkinga yokuncishiswa kwezindawo zemvelo, ukudonswa kwamachibi nokulima kwamasimu.
Izimbuzi zesilisa zaseSudan zipendwe ngoshokolethi onsundu noma obomvu onsundu, zibe "nengubo" emhlophe emahlombe abo. Ama-lychee aseNayile abhekwa njengomdwebo obalulekile wabazingeli. Ama-trophies anjalo ayashintshwa ukuze athole ukudla nezinye izinsiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwesiko abantu baye bazingela lezi zilwane inyama yazo.
Izimbuzi zaseSudan azikho kuLuhlu Olubomvu, kepha zidinga nje ukuvikelwa. Lezi zilwane zihlala ezindaweni ezincane ezi-2, futhi noma yiluphi ushintsho oluhlobene nobubanzi bazo luzothinta kabi ubuningi bezinhlobo. Ezifundeni lapho kuhlala khona ama-lychee, kube nezingxabano ezinkulu zezepolitiki kanye nokuqubuka kwezenhlalo, okwenza impilo yabo iqhubeke.
Phakathi kwama-lychee aseNayile, ukulwa ezimpondweni zezinsikazi ngesikhathi sokuzala kuvamile. Ukuzingela eSudan ama-lychee aseNayile kuvunyelwe kuphela ngamalayisense akhethekile. E-Ethiopia, ngabantu abangu-6 kuphela abangadutshulwa minyaka yonke. Ngokusho kokubalwa kwabantu kwakamuva, cishe kwabalwa izimbuzi zaseSudan ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-30- 40.
Ukuqashelwa ikakhulukazi kufanele kukhokhwe ekunakekelweni kwalezi zilwane kwizilwane zasekhaya, ngoba ezimweni zemvelo ukulondolozwa kwesikhathi eside kwezinhlobo kuyathandabuza.
Ukunaka, NAMUHLA!
Yabelana ezinkundleni zokuxhumana: Kuyafana
Imbuzi yaseSudan , noma nile lychee (lat. I-Kobus megaceros) Ingabe uhlobo olusengozini yokuqothulwa kwezimbuzi zamanzi ezihlala ezikhukhuleni eningizimu yeSudan nasenyakatho nentshonalanga yeTopiya, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamathuku. Inani lezidalwa zasendle lalinganiselwa phakathi kwezilwane ezingama-30,000 kuya kwengama-40,000 ngonyaka we-1983; ayikho imininingwane yakamuva yabantu.
Izinhlobo: Kobus megaceros Fitzinger = INile Lychee, imbuzi yeSudan
INayile lychee noma imbuzi yaseSudan inebanga elilinganiselwe kakhulu. Zitholakala kuphela eBahr al-Ghazel - isifunda saseSouth Sudan, naseMachar Gambella - ezingwakeme zase-Ethiopia e-Afrika. I-lychee yeNayile ithanda ukutholakala ezindaweni zokubhukuda, okhalweni utshani obomile nezinyathelo ezinamanzi ezigcwala amanzi. Izinhlobo, njengoba wazi, zihlala ezindaweni ezinotshani obufushane, emihlanga ephezulu, emhlanga nasezihlahleni.
INile lychee inesisindo somzimba esingu-60 kuya ku-120 kg, isilinganiso esingu-90 kg. Ubude bomzimba cishe ngo-150 cm (isilinganiso). I-lychee yeNayile ikhombisa i-dimorphism yezocansi inkulu kangangokuba abesilisa nabesifazane babukeka sengathi bangabezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Abesilisa nabesifazane bangahlukaniswa kalula kusuka komunye nomunye ngokuya ngombala wejazi, usayizi nomhlobiso. Kodwa-ke, abamele bobabili ubulili bumbozwe izinwele ezinde, ezihlanganayo, banezindledlana, izinselo ezixineneyo, ikhala elifushane nomsila omude (ubude ukusuka ku-40 kuye ku-50 cm). Amadoda amadala anombala onsundu ngombala omnyama, onebala elimhlophe ngemuva kwezimpondo. Le ndawo emhlophe ihlangana nentambo emhlophe entanyeni enwebeka lapho ibuna.
Abesilisa banezimpondo ezinde, ezimise okwama-polyre ezinobude obungu-48 kuye ku-87 cm. Abesilisa cishe bangu-165 cm, futhi ukuphakama kwamahlombe kungama-100 kuye kwangama-105 cm, futhi kunesisindo kusuka ku-90 kuye ku-120 kg. Izinsikazi ziphuzi, futhi azinazo izimpondo. Amaduna amancane abukeka njengabesifazane aze afike eminyakeni emi-2 noma emi-3. Ngalesi sikhathi, umbala wejazi uyashintsha nezimpondo ziqala ukukhula. Abesifazane bavame ukuba ngama-135 cm ubude, ama-80 kuye kuma-85 cm aphezulu emahlombe, futhi anesisindo esingu-60 kuye kuma-90 kg.
Ama-lychees eNayile azala kanye ngonyaka. Ezimweni zangempela, ukukhula komzimba kwenzeka phakathi kukaFebhuwari noMeyi. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha isilinganiso sezinyanga eziyi-7.85 noma izinsuku ezingama-235,5. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, ithole elilodwa lizalwa linesisindo esingama-4.5 kuya ku-5.5 kg, isilinganiso esingu-5100 g.Isikhathi senkululeko sisukela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili. Ubudala bokuvuthwa ngokobulili noma bokuzala buba ngokwesilinganiso kusuka eminyakeni emi-2.
INayile lychee ine-harem crossbreeding system lapho kuphela owesilisa ovelele owenza ucansi. Ukuhlangana kuqala ngendlela ehlukile yokulebula. Abesilisa bagoba ikhanda lakhe phansi bese bechama emqaleni wakhe nasezinhlathini. Ngemuva kwalokho uhlikihla isilevu sakhe ebunzini lowesifazane nakurdyuk, bese kuthi ukwanda komzimba kwenzeke.
Insikazi ingavikela futhi esikhathini esingangenyanga ngemuva kokubeletha, okuholela esikhathini sokuzala esiyizinyanga eziyi-11,6. Iningi labesifazane linamathole njalo ngonyaka. Inani locansi ngesikhathi sokuzalwa liyi-1: 1. Ngokuzala amankonyane kwenzeka ngesikhathi semvula endle, nokho, ekudingisweni lolu hlobo lonyaka lufuya unyaka wonke, futhi ngenxa yalokho lungakhiqiza lube mncane unyaka wonke. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nasekudingisweni, kunenani lokuzalwa, futhi lokhu kwenzeka phakathi kukaFebhuwari noMeyi.
Amathole akhombisa ukuziphatha okucashile, futhi azimele omama bawo eneminyaka eyi-6 kuye kwayi-8 izinyanga, okuhambelana nesikhathi sokuxoshwa kwabanye abamele lolu hlobo lobuciko.
Iningi lezilwane ezinamachoko amaningi zisencane ekuzalweni, futhi zingakwazi ukuhambisana nonina lapho zisondla zisencane. Kungenzeka ukuthi le nhlobo ifane. Abesifazane banakekela isizukulwane esincane, sibakhonze futhi bavikele. Amathole ahlala nonina aze alunyulwa ezinyangeni ezi-6 kuye kwezingu-8. Ukunakekelwa kwabazali kwabesilisa akukaze kubikwe ngalezi zilwane. Isikhathi sokuphila yiminyaka eyi-19, kepha isilinganiso sokuphila esiphakade ngokwemvelo siyiminyaka eyi-10,75. Naphezu kokuphila kwayo okulindelekile, iningi le-K. megaceros aliphileli isikhathi eside kangako. Izinga lokufa kwezinsana liphezulu endle, njengoba i-lychee yaseNile eneminyaka eyodwa itheleleka kakhulu ngezibungu ezindizayo ezibangela ukufa okuphezulu (36%).
Ama-lychee aseNayile isikhathi sasemini nezinhlobo zomphakathi. Bayizilwane ezinobungane, kepha ezomhlaba. Bakha imihlambi evela kubantu abangama-50 kuye kwabangu-500. Emhlambini, kwakheka izigaba ezintathu zokuhlalisana: izinsikazi ezindala nezinsizwa, izinsizwa ezincane, nabesilisa abavuthiwe abanensimu.
Ukuhluma kwenzeka kule lek. Amadoda avela endaweni kwesinye isikhathi avumela indoda "ehamba naye" evela esigabeni se-bachelor iye esifundeni sayo. Amadoda we-satellite awavunyelwe ukulingisa, ukuthi angawenza ungabonakali ngomqondo, kanye neqhaza lawo ekuvikeleni kwamanye amadoda angafuneki. Amadoda we-Satellite anezisetshenziswa ezingcono zokudla okunempilo futhi angamathuba angama-12x ukuzuza insimu kunamanye ama-bachelor. Akukho ukuzivikela okuhlangene emhlambini wezinkomo lapho kuhlaselwa, kepha abesifazane bavikela inzalo yabo ezinhlamvwini ezincane zokuhlaselwa okuqondile, ikakhulukazi ezikhahlelwa, ngokuvamile ekuphenduleni kwezimpawu zezinsana.
INeil lechwes nayo idonsela amaxhaphozi amanzi, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi semvula inani labantu lalisatshalaliswa ngemithombo yamanzi. Ngenkathi yesomiso, lezi zilwane ziqoqa imithombo eminingana yamanzi ngakwesokunxele. Bazophumula ezindaweni ezingenhla kwezinga lamanzi, njengamabhange owomile, imijondolo neziqhingi, bese begijimela emanzini lapho bephazamiseka. Bangabhukudi abahle, kepha bakhetha ukungena emanzini angajulile. Ubungako bendawo yalezi zilwane aburekhodwanga.
Ukuxhumana nokubona kweNech lechwes kukhulumisana ngokufana nezinye zasemanzini kanye namachibi. Kunengxubevange yokubonakaliswa kokubonakaliswa kokuxhumana nokuthinta. Uma zikhonjisiwe, zizobe zidlula phezulu emoyeni phambi komphikisi wazo bese ziphendulela amakhanda azo eceleni. Bafinyelela endaweni yokuzithoba, belula intamo nekhanda phambili ngokuqondile. Owesifazane ozithobayo naye angahlwitha ukunyakaza ngenkathi welula intamo yakhe. Lapho belwa, abesilisa bagebisa amakhanda abo futhi basebenzise izimpondo zabo ukusondelana bebhekene. Uma indoda eyodwa incane kakhulu kunabanye, ingalandela le ndoda enkulu esesimweni esilinganayo bese icindezela lapho, okuvimbela amadoda amaningi ukuba acindezele ngamandla abo onke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa bayazichamela bodwa, bese kuba ngumbhedo womchamo kwabesifazane ngaphambi kokuwuqala. Kunzima ukubona kulokhu ngaphandle kohlobo oluthile lwamakhemikhali, kanye ne-tactile, ukuxhumana. Yize imisindo yemisindo ingabikwanga ezincwadini ezibuyekezwe lapha ngenxa yokuthi ziyizilwane ezincelisayo, kungenzeka ukuthi azilulazi, nokuthi le misindo idlala indima ethile kwezokuxhumana. Uxhumana ne: visual, tactile, amakhemikhali. Ukubona iziteshi: okubukwayo, okubonakalayo, okuphathekayo, amakhemikhali. Imikhuba yokudla ye-Neil lechwes yi-herbivores, ukudla amakhambi, amakhambi kanye nezimila zamanzi.
Izingwe ezidume ngamabhubesi (Panthera Leo) izingwe (Panthera Pardus) Izinja ezizingelayo zaseCape (uLycaon Pictus) izingwenya (iCrocodylidae) Izilwane ezidla imvelo yezingwe zaseNayile zifaka amabhubesi, izingwe, izinja zaseCape ezizingelayo nezingwenya. Abantu futhi bangabazingeli abaphambili balezi zilwane. AmaNeil lechwes asengozini yokuzingela ngokuhlanganyela ngenxa yobudlelwano bawo obuseduze nendawo yokuhlala yasemanzini. Ngeminyaka yama-1950s, ama-lechwe drives (amaChilas) ayejwayelekile, ngayinye yabulala abantu ababalelwa ku-3000 (MacDonald, White, and MacDonald, 1984; Walter and Grzimek, 1990) Izindima zezomnotho Neil lechwes zingasiza ekunciphiseni umlilo otshanini olunyathelwe phansi. lapho amadlelo enza i-firewall yemvelo. Futhi bangumthombo wokudla obalulekile wezingwenya ngenxa yesikhathi esenziwa yilezi zilwanyana emanzini. (Kay no-Eyre, 1971) Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho kubantu: Kubi ukungabi nalutho Akukho mphumela omubi walolu hlobo kubantu. Inani lezomnotho kubantu: Ama-lechwes amahle ase-Nile abhekwa kakhulu njengophawu lomzingeli wase-Afrika futhi ongashintshwa ngokudla noma ezinye izinsiza. Abuye futhi azingelwe ngokwesiko njengomthombo wokudla. (UMoti noCarter, 1971) Izindlela abantu abazuza ngazo kulezi zilwane: ukudla okunempilo, izitho zomzimba kungumthombo wezinto ezibalulekile.
Isimo sokugcinwa kabusha: I-Neil lechwes ayikho kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN naku-CITES, kepha idinga ukuvikeleka kwemvelo. Isibalo sabantu sisezindaweni ezimbili ezincane lapho noma yiziphi izinguquko ezimeni eziphatha kabi isimo sabo. Izifunda abahlala kuzo futhi ziyindawo yezingxabano ezingathi sína zezepolitiki nezenhlalo, okufaka isandla ekuthini basinde. Izinsongo eziphambili ze-K. megaceros ukulahleka kwendawo nokucindezela kokuzingela. Ukuzingela eSudan kudinga ilayisense elikhethekile. E-Ethiopia, izilwane eziyisithupha kuphela ngonyaka ezingabanjwa zinelayisense elikhethekile. Ngo-1971, umthetho wanciphisa abazingeli bezilwane ezimbili empilweni, okwenza isilwane sabaqabukela. Ukubalwa kwabantu kwakamuva kutholile abantu abangama-30,000 kuya ku-40,000 endle kanti abayi-150 bathunjiwe. Njengamanje, isimo sabo se-IUCN sinelisekile eSudan naseRare e-Ethiopia. Imizamo yokulondolozwa okungcono iyadingeka kuma-zoo. U-Falchetti (1993) ukholelwa ukuthi ukwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo lobuso obuthunjiwe kakunakulungele ukusinda kwesikhathi eside kohlelo oluhlose ukugcina ama-90% omaphakathi we-heterozygosity yabantu bokuqala iminyaka engama-200. Ukuthumba kwezilwane zasendle e-Ethiopia kungenzeka futhi kuzoholela ekwehlisweni kokushushuluzwa futhi ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokufa kwezinsana ezilwaneni ezithunjiwe.
Ukudla
INile Lychee idla amakhambi anamafutha aluhlaza kanye nolwelwe. Irayisi yasendle kucatshangelwa ukuthi iyisidlo esithandwayo ekuqaleni kwenkathi yezikhukhula, kanti ingxenye enkulu yotshani obuluhlaza idliwe lapho amanzi ehla. Banekhono elikhethekile lokuthatha amanzi angajulile futhi babhukuda emanzini ajulile, futhi bangondla ngamaqabunga amancanyana asuka ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni, athukutheliselwe ukufinyelela lolu luhlaza oluhlaza. I-lychee yeNayile itholakala nasezindaweni eziwugwadule lapho zidla khona izitshalo zasemanzini.
Ukuzala
Bobabili ubulili bafinyelela ekuvuthweni kobulili lapho beneminyaka emibili ubudala. Ukuhluma kwenzeka unyaka wonke, kepha kuncipha phakathi kukaFebhuwari noMeyi. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izinsizwa zigobisa izimpondo zazo emhlabathini, kube sengathi kugxwala phansi. Amadoda alwa emanzini, amakhanda abo agxambukela empini kusuka uphondo kuya uphondo, ukubuswa. Le miqhudelwano imvamisa futhi iqinile. Njengezinye izilwane eziningi, indoda evelelayo ilingana nowesifazane. Uhlobo oluhlukile lokulebula lubonakala ngokuqala kokuzala. Indoda igoba ikhanda phansi bese ichama ezinweleni zayo emphinjeni nasezihlathini. Ube esehlikihla intshebe edonsa ebunzini nasesibelethweni sowesifazane.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sinezinyanga eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-9 ubude ngokwesilinganiso, emva kwalokho kuzalwe ithole elilodwa. Izinsana zinesisindo esingaba ngu-4.5 kuya ku-5.5 kg. Abesifazane bathola ama-estrus futhi ngemuva kwenyanga ngemuva kokuzala. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwakhe, ithole ligcinwa lifihlwe emimelweni eminyene amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu, lapho umama wakhe amncelisa khona. Kulunyulwe izinyanga ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha, kuthi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva zikulungele ukuzimela futhi zijoyine umhlambi.
I-Habitat nokusatshalaliswa
I-lychee yaseNayile imvamisa ihlala ezigungwini lapho kunamanzi ajulile, amaxhaphozi, izindawo ezisogwini, amasimu, izitebhisi, kanye nomhlanga ophakeme kanye nemibhede yomhlanga. Zitholakala ikakhulu eSudan ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseSudd ezinamanani amancane ezindaweni zokubhukuda zaseMachar eduze komngcele wase-Ethiopia. Ngokunye ukulinganisela, ama-lychee angamaNazi angama-30,000 kuya kwangama-40,000 avela ezinhlangothini zombili zeNayile eNhlophe eSudd. E-Ethiopia, iNayile lychee yenzeka kancane eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeGambela National Park, kodwa inani labantu bakhona lapha alizinzile ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu.
Sebenzisa nokugcina
I-lychee yeNayile ingasiza ekunciphiseni imililo yotshani ngokunyathela utshani, uklaba amadlelo, ngokwenza umlilo ongokwemvelo. Bangumdwebo obiza kakhulu kubazingeli futhi bangathengiswa ngokudla noma ngezinye izinsiza. Abuye futhi azingelwe ngokwesiko njengomthombo wokudla. Lezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa (kusukela ngonyaka ka-2008) ziya ngokuya zivama ngenxa yokuzingela ngokweqile kanye nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala. Kodwa-ke, kwenziwa imizamo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo. Ngokusho kwe-IUCN, eSudan, iNayile lychee yenzeka ezindaweni ezintathu ezivikelwe: IZeraf (nokho, isimo sezilwane zasendle kungenzeka ukuthi siwohloke ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwamafutha nokuxhashazwa esifundeni), eFannyikang naseShambe, kanti nase-Ethiopia, izinhlobo zitholakala eGambela National Park. Kudingeka ilayisense elikhethekile lokuzingela lezi zilwane eSudan. E-Ethiopia, izilwane eziyisithupha kuphela ngonyaka ezivunyelwe ukubanjwa zinelayisense elikhethekile. Imizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo nayo iyenziwa e-United States. I-White Oak Conservation eYuli, eFlorida, ngokwesibonelo, igcine umhlambi weNayile lychee kusukela maphakathi nawo-1980 futhi yakhiqiza amathole amaningi. Impumelelo yezinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo ihlanganiswa ngokufana nendawo yazo yendabuko yamathafa aphansi.
