Amagama: impisi ye-mexican.

Indawo: Impisi yaseMexico itholakala eningizimu yezwekazi - eSierra Madra nasentshonalanga neMexico, yize ngaphambi kokuba ububanzi bayo bufike e-Arizona naseNew Mexico.

Incazelo: Ukubhaliswa okuncane kakhulu kohlobo lwenyakatho yaseNyakatho Melika. Unemilenze emide nomzimba obushelelezi osiza ukuthi agijime ngokushesha. Kuzo zonke izimpisi, impisi yaseMexico ine-mane ende kunazo zonke.

Umbala: Umbala wezimpisi waseMexico uyinhlanganisela onsundu, ompunga nobomvu. Umsila wayo, imilenze nezindlebe zivame ukukhanyiswa kumnyama.

UbukhuluUbude: cm 120-150 cm.Ukuphakama emahlombe: 70-80 cm.

Isisindo: 30-40 kg.

Isikhathi sokuphila: Ekudingisweni, usinda kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15.

Izwi: Ukuphimiswa kwezimpisi zaseMexico kufaka phakathi umkhulungwane, izingwe, kanye nezimpungushe eziphindwe ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene. I-Howling yindlela ejwayelekile yokuxhumana phakathi kwamalungu ephakethe futhi imaka yemingcele yendawo yawo. Zonke izimpisi zinomsindo owodwa, ohlukile.

Habitat: Izimpisi zaseMexico zithanda ukuhlala emahlathini asezintabeni, izimfunda nezihlahla.

Izitha: Ukubhujiswa komuntu nendawo yokuhlala kuyizisongo eziphambili zokuba khona.

Ukudla: Impisi yaseMexico idla izinyamazane, izinqama, izinqama ezinkulu ezinophondo olukhulu, izangoma zepronghorn (pronghorn - I-Antilocapra americana), onogwaja, izingulube zasendle nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ikakhulukazi amagundane. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi uhlasela imfuyo.

Ukuziphatha: Izimpisi zaseMexico zinezindlebe ezinhle kakhulu zokuzwa kanye nephunga. Bazisebenzisa ngempumelelo ukuze bazitholele futhi bazitholele ukudla, futhi ukuze bakwazi ukuxhumana nezinye izimpisi. Baphinde basebenzise nolimi lomzimba ukuxhumana epakethe: izinkulumo eziqinisa isizungu, ukuma komzimba, nokunyakaza okuthile kwesiko.
Imilenze emide nenamandla ihlelwe kahle ukumboza amakhilomitha amakhulukhulu ekuzingeleni ekusizeni nasekuphishekeleni amabhuzu asheshayo.

Isakhiwo senhlalo: Izilwane ezinenhlalo kakhulu. Iphakethe lezimpisi zaseMexico liqukethe abantu abangama-3-8: imvamisa abantu abadala ababili nezilwane ezimbalwa (inzalo yabo). Iphakethe lezimpisi linendawo eyinkimbinkimbi yezenhlalo: ezinezimbili eziholayo: insikazi ye-alpha nowesifazane we-alpha, okuyiyo ingxenye enkulu ebhekele ukulondolozwa kwemingcele yendawo, ukugcina ukuthula phakathi kwamalungu omhlambi, nokusabalalisa umhlambi. Lo mbhangqwana we-alpha uwukuphela kokuzalela nokukhulisa inzalo ephaketheni.
Umbhangqwana osukhulile uvame ukuhlala ndawonye impilo yabo yonke.
Amalungu asezingeni eliphansi lomhlambi ajwayele ukwakha ubuhlobo phakathi kwawo kuma-hierarchies amabili aqondile: abesilisa nabesifazane. Isikhundla sezilwane ezivelelayo nezingaphansi komhlambi zisiza ukuba zisebenze njengeyunithi elilodwa futhi elinobunye.
Indawo yomhlambi inezimpawu zokuhogela ezibekwe ezihlahleni zezihlahla, emadwaleni nakwezinye izinto ezisendleleni yazo, kanye nokuma komzimba kanye nokuphakanyiswa komzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, imihlambi engomakhelwane ayivamisile ukushayisana iphuma komunye nomunye iphuma ezweni, yakhiwa ngokuhlokoma kanye nephunga.

Ukuzala: Ubungako bamawundlu ezimpisi zaseMexico lapho azalwa cishe angama-450 g. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukukhula kwawo kuyaqhubeka, njengazo zonke izinhlobo zezimpisi.

Isizini / inkathi yokuzalanisa: Izingane zizalwa phakathi kukaFebhuwari naphakathi no-Mashi.

Ukukhulelwa: Ihlala izinsuku ezingama-63.

Isithombo: Usayizi ojwayelekile (wamaphakathi) wamachaphaza yimidlwane engama-4-6.

Ukuhlomula / ukulimaza abantu: Kwesinye isikhathi izimpisi zihlasela imfuyo, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincane. Ukusiza ukunciphisa ukungezwani phakathi kwabalimi nezimpisi zaseMexico, Abasizi Bemvelo yasendle (inhlangano yezolondolozo yangasese) ukulungisa umonakalo obangelwe yizimpisi.

Isimo sabantu / ukulondolozwa: I-Wolf yaseMexico yabhalwa njengohlobo olusengozini ngo-1976. Ngo-1960, impisi yaseMexico yokugcina eyaziwayo ehlala emvelweni yabulawa. Njengamanje, cishe izimpisi ezingama-200 zaseMexico zigcinwa ekudingisweni.
Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1990s, uhlelo lwaseMexico belusendaweni yokubuyisa inani lezimpisi zaseMexico ebangeni ebelivele likhona. Inhloso yohlelo lokuvuselela kabusha ukubuyisa inani lezimpisi ngokwemvelo ngonyaka ka-2008 kubantu okungenani abayi-100.
Izimpisi ezi-5 kuphela ezabanjwa eMexico phakathi konyaka we-1977 no-1980: abesilisa abane nowesifazane oyedwa okhulelwe, bakha isisekelo nethemba lokusindisa nokulondolozwa kwezingosi zempisi yaseMexico. Imidlwane yokuqala yezimpisi yaseMexico yazalwa ngonyaka we-1978 e-Arizona-Sonora Zoo. Kutholwe izidumbu ezinhlanu kwezingu-11 zokuqala ezingama-11 ezibulewe kabusha, kepha ezinye ziye zasinda futhi manje zizalela ngemvelo.

Isikweletu: Portal Zooclub
Lapho uphinda ubhala le ndatshana, ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kumthombo yi-MANDATORY, uma kungenjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sihloko kuzothathwa njengokuphula umthetho we "Law on copyright and rights Associates".

Canis lupus baileyi (Nelson et Goldman, 1929)

Ububanzi: eningizimu eseningizimu nentshonalanga ye-USA, eMexico izintaba zaseSweden Madre.

Ngokomlando okuhlala kuwo amahlathi asezintabeni nezihlahla eziseduze kwalapho enyakatho neMexico, New Mexico, Arizona kanye nesifunda iTrans-Pecos eWest Texas endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1200 kuya kwangama-1500, lapho abantu abangaziwa babebaningi khona. Ama-subspecies kungenzeka futhi ayehlala enyakatho eningizimu ye-Utah naseningizimu yeColorado ezindaweni ezihlangene lapho i-hybridization nezinye izingcingo ze-wolf grey zingenzeka khona.

Ngenxa yokuzingela okungafunekiyo, ukugebha, kanye nobuthi obekuqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1800s, izidalwa ezimbalwa kuphela ezimpunga zaseMexico ezasala ngo-1950, kwathi impisi yaseMexico yokugcina eMelika yabulawa ngo-1970.

Impisi encane yaseNyakatho Melika. Izindawo ezingaziwa, ezingaseningizimu kakhulu nezisondelene ngokwezakhi zazo zonke izimpisi zaseNyakatho Melika. Imvamisa inesisindo esingu-23-36 kg, ukuphakama kwamahlombe angama-60-80 cm ehlombe, ubude kusuka ekhaleni kuya emsileni cishe ngo-1.5 m (cishe ubukhulu bomalusi omkhulu waseJalimane).

Umbala umnyama, ucwilile, ufiphele ngokunsipha kwephimbo elimpunga nokugoba okumnyama okuqinile ngemuva. Umbala wejazi ungahluka, kepha omnyama noma omhlophe akekho.

Kwangaphandle kufana ne-coyotes nokuhlukanisa ibanga kunzima. Izimpisi zaseMexico zinesisindo esingama-coyotes angaphezu kuka-2-3, zinamakhanda amakhulu futhi anamandla ngokwengeziwe, izindlebe eziyindilinga xaxa, imilenze ende ehambelana nobude bomzimba. Ubunzima obuvela ku-C. l. i-nubilus incane ngokwesilinganiso, imnyama ngombala. Ngokucacile inhle futhi ilula C. l. youngi. Kwezimpisi zePalearctic, ngokusobala, uC. L. chanco - ngokuyinhloko amafomu ahlala ezintabeni ezomile zaseTibet.

Isilwane esinenhlalo eningi, sihlala emaphaketheni, osayizi baso singabantu abangama-4-5. Umhlambi ubuswa ngababili abaphambili, kepha imvamisa kuphela ngowesifazane obusa kakhulu - kwesinye isikhathi ngabesilisa abangabusi. Ukuzala kabusha kusuka ebusika ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, cishe izinsuku ezingama-63, insikazi ibeletha imidlwane eyi-1 kuye kwayi-6. Wonke amalungu epakethe anakekela imidlwane futhi ayondle. Abantu abadala bangahamba amabanga amade ukuthola ukudla, babuye baye emgodini, bondle imidlwane, bakanise ukudla okugaywe ngogayiwe.

Abantu abasha bavuthwa ngokobulili cishe iminyaka emi-2.

Ukudla kwezilwane ezihlaselayo kufaka onogwaja, ama-squirrels kanye namagundane, kepha okuthandwa kunikezwa ama -ululates amakhulu (i-moose, inyamazane kanye nezinyamazane). Yize kwesinye isikhathi bezingela imfuyo, kaningi lokhu kwenzeka kuphela kulezo zimo lapho emithonjeni yokudla yasendle kunganele ukuxhasa umhlambi.

Ngo-1991, kwenziwa uhlelo lokuvuselela kabusha. Kubantu abangu-7 abathunjwe enyakatho neMexico, kwaqala ukwakha inani labathunjwa. Ngo-1998, ukwenziwa kabusha kwezimpisi zaseMexico ezathunjwa zasendle kuqale eBlue Range Wolf Recovery Area (BRWRA) ezindaweni zase-Arizona naseNew Mexico. Izimpisi eziyi-11 zaseMexico emaqenjini amathathu ahlukene zaqanjwa kabusha e-Apache National Forest e-Arizona. Kwadedelwa ezinye izimpisi eziyi-9 emaqenjini amabili eGila National Forest enyakatho yeSilver City ngonyaka ka-2000, kwathi ngentwasahlobo yonyaka ofanayo, impisi yokuqala yasendle yaseMexico eminyakeni engama-70 yazalelwa eNew Mexico.

Inani lezimpisi ezivuswe kabusha libizwa ngokuthi "ngokuhlola", okuvumela izimpisi ukusabalala kula mahlathi ezwe. Igama elithi "ukuhlolwa" livumela abacwaningi ukubamba futhi bahambise izilwane ezihlasela imfuyo noma zidlulele ezindaweni ezingalulama.

Inhloso yokwakha inani labantu abazenza kabusha labantu abayi-100 ayikafinyelelwa. Ngenxa yokuzingela, isibalo samanje yizimpisi ezingama-58 eziqoshwe kusukela ngoMeyi 2012.

Izimpisi zivikelwe umthetho wobumbano eNew Mexico. Isijeziso sokudubula impisi singafaka phakathi unyaka owodwa ejele kanye nenhlawulo engama- $ 50 000, kanye nenhlawulo eyengeziwe evela kwi-State of New Mexico ngokwephula umthetho i-Wildlife Conservation Act.

Imivuzo ebalelwa ku- $ 45,000 ngemininingwane eholele ekuboshweni nasekushushisweni kwabazingeli bakhokhwa ngokubambisana yizikhungo zikahulumeni kanye nezinhlangano zezemvelo.

Incazelo ye-Wolf yaseMexico

Impisi yaseMexico ingummeleli omncane kakhulu wezimpisi zaseNyakatho Melika. Ubude bomzimba bungama-150 cm, futhi ukuphakama emahlombe kusuka ku-70 kuye kuma-80 cm.

Isisindo somzimba wempisi yaseMexico asidluli ama-30-40 kilos. Umzimba ubushelelezi nemilenze yinde, ukuze izimpisi zaseMexico zigijime ngokushesha. Kuzo zonke izimpisi, iMexico inayo i-mane ende kunazo zonke.

Umbala wejazi uhlanganisa tones brown, red and grey. Umsila, izindlebe nama-paws kaningi kungaba mnyama.

Indlela Yempilo Yezimpisi yaseMexico

Izimpisi zaseMexico zithanda amahlathi asezintabeni, izindawo ezimbozwe ngamabhushi kanye nezamada.

I-Mexico Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi).

Lezi zidlova zinokuzwa okuhle nokuzwa kwephunga. Izimpisi zisebenzisa ngempumelelo lezi zimfanelo ukuthola izisulu nokuxhumana nezinhlobo zazo. Baphinde baxhumane nezihlobo ngolimi lomzimba: ukuma, ukubukeka kobuso, ukunyakaza okuthile kwesiko. Ngesikhathi sokufuna inyamazane, zinganqoba amakhulukhulu amakhilomitha, lapho imilenze eqinile neyide ibasiza khona.

Izimpisi zaseMexico ziyakwazi ukuhhewula, zikhale futhi zikhale, futhi zikhiqiza yonke le misindo ngemisindo ehlukahlukene. Imvamisa, amalungu ephakethe axhumana nomunye esebenzisa ukukhamuluka, ngale ndlela abika ukuthi insimu ihlaselwe. Ukukhala komuntu ngamunye kukodwa futhi kuhlukile.

Amalungu epaki yezimpisi axhumana nabanye besebenzisa imisindo ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi - ukukhala.

Izimpisi zaseMexico zidla ama-moose, izinyamazane, izinqama ezinkulu ezinophondo, izinyamazane, izingulube zasendle, onogwaja kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, ikakhulukazi izinduku. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi bahlasela imfuyo.

Izitha eziyinhloko zezimpisi zaseMexico zingabantu, njengoba zichitha izindawo zokuhlala zemvelo zalezi zilwane, ngaleyo ndlela zidala usongo olukhulu ebukhoneni bezilwane. Isikhathi sokuphila kwezimpisi zaseMexico ekudingisweni sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-15.

Isakhiwo senhlalo yezimpisi ezinamakhompiyutha

Lezi yizilwane zenhlalo enkulu. Umhlambi uphila kusuka kubantu abathathu kuya kwabangu-8, imvamisa kakhulu yizilwane ezi-2 ezindala kanye nesizukulwane esisha. Iphakethe lezimpisi ligcina indawo eyinkimbinkimbi yezenhlalo. Umhlambi oyinhloko umbhangqwana ovelele - owesilisa nowesifazane, yibona abakhathalela kakhulu ukugcina imingcele yendawo, begcina ukuhleleka emndenini nokuzala. Kuphela lo mbhangqwana ungazalela ukhule inzalo.

Owesifazane nowesilisa bahlala ndawonye, ​​njengomthetho, kukho konke impilo.

Amalungu asele omhlambi aphansi ngesimo, phakathi kwawo imvamisa isikhundla samakhosi sisezinhlangothini ezimbili: ngokwahlukana phakathi kwabesifazane naphakathi kwabesilisa. Isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokupakishwa kwezimpisi siyabasiza ukuba basebenze bebonke.

Umhlambi uphawula insimu yawo ngosizo lwephunga emadwaleni, kweziqu zezihlahla, emizileni nakwezinye izinto ezinjalo. Futhi, njengoba kuphawuliwe, izimpisi ziyakhala ukubika ukuthi indawo ehlala kuyo. Ngenxa yalezi zinhlelo, imihlambi yangomakhelwane ayivamile ukutholakala nenye.

Ukuzalela izimpisi ezinamakhompiyutha

Isikhathi sokuzala kwezimpisi zaseMexico siba maphakathi noFebhuwari - maphakathi no-Mashi. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-63. E-udoti, njengomthetho, izingane ezingama-4-6. Ekuzalweni, amawundlu ezimpisi anesisindo esingama-450 amagremu. Izimpisi zaseMexico zikhula ngendlela efanayo nezinye izimpisi.

Ngo-1960, impisi yaseMexico yokugcina eyaziwayo ehlala emvelweni yabulawa.

Izimpisi zaseMexico nabantu

Kwesinye isikhathi izimpisi zaseMexico zihlasela imfuyo, izilwane eziningi ezivame kakhulu. Inhlangano yangasese yokulondolozeka ebizwa ngokuthi i-Defenders of Wildlife ibuyisele izindleko zezimpisi kubalimi. Lokhu bakwenze ukuze bavikele abalimi ekuqhumeni inyamazane. Kepha impisi yaseMexico yokugcina yabulawa ngo-1960 endle.

Njengamanje, cishe izimpisi ezingama-200 zaseMexico zigcinwa ekudingisweni. Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1990s, kwaqaliswa uhlelo lwaseMexico ukubuyisa izimpisi ngemvelo endaweni yazo yasekuqaleni. Umgomo ukukhiqizwa kwezimpisi kabusha, okungenani kuze kufinyelele kubantu abayikhulu.

Abantu badubule bengacabangi futhi babamba izimpisi zaseMexico zivela endle ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane, kanti manje kusetshenziswa izigidi zamaRandi ezinhlelweni zokubuyisa isibalo salezi zilwane.

Isisekelo seqembu, esinethemba lokusindisa izimpisi zaseMexico, sasingabantu aba-5 kuphela abathunjwa eMexico. Imidlwane yokuqala evela kulaba bantu yatholakala ngonyaka we-1978 e-Arizona-Sonora Zoo. Izimpisi eziyi-11 zenziwa kabusha zaba yimvelo, kodwa ezi-5 zazo zitholakele zifile. Abantu abasele bakwazile ukusinda futhi namuhla bayazala. Kepha izimpisi zaseMexico zithathwa njengezinxanxathela ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.

Lesi ngesinye isibonelo sendlela abantu abahlobana ngayo ngokungenabuntu nemvelo nezilwane. Uma abantu bangafundi ukunakekela imvelo, khona-ke kuzoba umbuthano onesihluku futhi umsebenzi wokwalusa izilwane uzoqhubeka unomphela. Kepha okubi kakhulu ukuthi le misebenzi ayiphumeleli njalo, kanti izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane sezivele zanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba ngephutha labantu.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

[hlela] Ukuxhumana okubhaliwe

Njengamanje, impikiswano yokuhlukanisa i-Italian kwizinkampani ezihlukile zokuxhumana (Canis lupus italicus) kanye nempisi yase-Iberia (Canis lupus signatus) Izimpisi ze-peninsulas zase-Italy nase-Iberia zihlukile ngokwesimilo sezimpisi zase-Yuria, futhi, ngokusho kwabacwaningi, zingahlukaniswa ngama-subspecies ahlukile.

Izifundo zakamuva zofuzo zibonisa ukuthi impisi yaseNdiya ingaba uhlobo oluhlukile. Imiphumela efanayo yatholwa impisi yaseTibetan, ebhekwa njengengxenye yempisi ejwayelekile.

Okwesikhashana manje, i-lean of the okuthiwa i- "lyre wolf", evamile eSouth America, ibilokhu izungeleza kwi-Intanethi. Ukuchazwa kwayo kuhambisana nezithombe.