Njengezinyosi ezisebenza kanzima, uju luqoqwa ngababhungane ukuze bondle inzalo yabo. Njengoba behlala ihlobo elilodwa kuphela, abenzi amasheya ebusika. Isibeletho kuphela esivuka ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo esingaphila ebusika. Ahlala kuphi ama-bumblebees, adlani futhi abukeka kanjani la zinambuzane?
I-Bumblebee - incazelo, isakhiwo, izici. Ngabe ubukeka kanjani umqwayizi?
I-Bumblebee inkulu kakhulu futhi izinambuzane ezikhanyayo, futhi ngokuthokozisayo, imbumbakazi yensikazi sikhulu kuneyeduna (okuthi, ngeshwa, akuvamile kangako emhlabeni wezinambuzane). Imvamisa, ubude bomzimba bumblebee besifazane buvela ku-13 kuye ku-28 mm, kuthi owesilisa kusuka ku-7 kuye ku-24 mm. Kepha ezinye izinhlobo zama-bumblebees, njenge-steppe bumblebee, zingafinyelela osayizi abakhulu, zize zifike ku-35 mm ubude. Isisindo se-bumblebee, uma kuyisibeletho, singafinyelela ku-0,85 g, kepha abantu abasebenzayo bazokhanya - ukusuka ku-0,04 kuye ku-0,6 g.
Iqiniso elithandekayo - naphezu kwesisindo esincane ngokuphelele, ama-bumblebees ayizinambuzane ezinamandla futhi angathwala umthwalo olingana nesisindo sawo.
Umzimba we-bumblebee ukhulu futhi usindayo, ngokuqinisekile ngesinambuzane. Amaphiko e-Bumblebee mancane, avela obala futhi anama-halves amabili ahamba ngokulandelana. Ijubane le-bumblebee wing Flap li-400 beats ngomzuzwana. Futhi ijubane lokundiza le-bumblebee lingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-3-4 ngomzuzwana.
Ikhanda le-bumblebee kulowesifazane ligogekile, kuyilapho kowesilisa kungunxantathu wesimo, ngomugqa obonakalayo ophezu komqhele nekhanda ngaphambili.
Futhi, ama-bumblebees anama-jak-mandibles anamandla asetshenziswa yibo ukuququda imicu yezitshalo, kanye nokwakha uju lwezinyosi. Zibuye zisebenze njengesixhaxha esivikelekile.
Amehlo e-bumblebee atholakala emgqeni oqondile, awemboziwe nge-villi. Izimpondo zabesilisa zinde kunalezo zabesifazane.
Isitho esibalulekile se-bumblebees iyi-proboscis ekhethekile ebasebenzela ukuqoqa umpe. Ubude be-proboscis buya ngohlobo lwe-bumblebee futhi luhlukahluka ukusuka ku-7 kuye ku-19 mm.
Nasesiswini sezimbungulu kukhona okugwazayo, kepha kwabesifazane kuphela, owesilisa akanaso isigaxa, kanti nezitho zangasese ezimnyama ezimnyama ziyindawo yokugwazwa. Ukugwazwa kwe-bumblebee abushelelezi, ngaphandle kweziteketiso futhi kungabonakali esimweni esizolile. Ngakho-ke uma uluma, insikazi yezimbali idonsa ukugwaza emuva futhi ikukhame kaninginingi njengeminyovu kanye nama-hornets, futhi ngokungafani nezinyosi ezifa ngemuva kokulunywa.
Futhi, ama-bumblebees anemilenze engaba yisithupha, kuyilapho insikazi engaphandle ye-tibia yasemuva ine “bhasikidi” elikhethekile lokuqoqa impova.
Umbala weBumblebee uvame ukuba nemibala, umnyama-ophuzi ngombala omhlophe, owolintshi futhi obomvu. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezinsimbi ezimnyama ngokuphelele. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi imibala ye-bumblebee ayakhiwe nje, kepha ihlotshaniswa nokulingana nokuqina komzimba wesinambuzane.
Ahlala kuphi ama-bumblebees emvelweni
Izimbungulu zihlala cishe kuyo yonke indawo, kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica ebandayo. Zijwayele ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibandayo, kepha kunezinhlobo ezithile zezibumbu ezihlala ngisho nangapha kwe-Arctic Circle, e-tundra. Isivakashi esivamile siyisiphithiphithi ezintabeni, kodwa eduze kwekhweyitha, ezindaweni ezishisayo, azikho izimbungulu eziningi kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, emahlathini ase-Amazon kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zama-bumblebees. Futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ezinye izinhlobo zezingulube zezingadi ezivela eYurophu zalethwa e-Australia naseNew Zealand, lapho zisahlala khona nanamuhla.
Ngokuvamile, ama-bumblebees angabamele abamelana kakhulu namakhaza omndeni wezinyosi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abazithandi kakhulu izindawo ezishisayo ezishisayo, konke lokhu kungenxa yobuchopho be-thermoregulation yabo, iqiniso ukuthi izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lomzimba we-bumblebee lingafinyelela ku-40 degrees Celsius, lidlula izinga lokushisa eliyi-20 degrees degrees. Ukwanda okunjalo kwezinga lokushisa kuhlotshaniswa nokwenziwa okusheshayo kwezicubu zesifuba sezimbali, ukuncishiswa okufanayo kungumthombo wophawu lwentengiso.
Izindlala Ze-Bumblebee Ngaphezulu Ground
Ezinye izinhlobo zezimbungulu zithanda ukuhlela izidleke zazo ngaphezu kobuso bomhlaba: emigodini yezihlahla, ezindlini zezinyoni.
Ukwakheka kwezidleke zangaphansi nangaphansi komhlaba kungahluka futhi kuya ngesisekelo sebhande elisetshenziswa yizihlambi. Izinduna zifakwa ngotshani obomile, ama-moss, aqiniswa nge-wax egcotshwa ngama-bumblebees ngosizo lwezindlala ezikhethekile zesisu. Kule ntambo, izimbungulu zakha idome le-wax elivimbela ukungena komswakama, libuye lifake iminyango yokungena esidlekeni ukuze ivikeleke kwabangenayo.
Impilo yezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo
Izimbungulu, njengezinye izinambuzane zomndeni wezinyosi, ziyizidalwa zenhlalo futhi zihlala emindenini enalokhu:
- izindlovukazi ezinkulu.
- amabhubhana amancane okusebenza abesifazane.
- bumblebees zabesilisa.
Isibeletho sinesibopho sokuzala kabusha inzalo, yize ingekho, izinsikazi ezisebenza nazo zingabeka amaqanda. Umndeni we-bumblebee awumkhulu njengomndeni wezinyosi, kepha usabalelwa ku-100-200, futhi kwesinye isikhathi bonke abantu abangama-500. Umjikelezo wokuphila komndeni we-bumblebee uvame ukuhlala kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla, emva kwalokho umndeni uqhekeke, ingxenye yezinsikazi iya ebusika ukuze iqale umjikelezo omusha wempilo entwasahlobo.
Emndenini we-bumblebee, wonke umuntu unemisebenzi yakhe ethize: abasebenza ngezinyosi bathola ukudla, bondla izibungu, bahlomise futhi bavikele isidleke. Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhona futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwabasebenzi phakathi kwezimbungulu ezisebenzayo, njengoba abamele amakhulu endiza beyothenga ukudla, kuyilapho abancane bephakela izibungu.
Ukusebenza kwabesilisa kulula futhi kuyaqondakala - ukuvundiswa kwabesifazane. Isibeletho se-bumblebee, singumsunguli wasifazane womndeni, sifaka amaqanda, sondle izibungu, futhi ngokuvamile sinakekela inzalo.
Ngabe izinyosi zizalela kanjani?
Ukuzalela iBumblebee kunezigaba ezine:
- Iqanda.
- ULerva.
- UDolly.
- Imago (usemdala).
Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, isibeletho siguqulwe kabusha futhi savundiswa ekwindla sishiya indawo yaso yokuhlala futhi kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa sikulungiselela ngenkuthalo isidleke. Lapho sesithole indawo efanele isidleke, isibeletho siqala ukwakha. Esidlekeni esisanda kwakhiwa, isibeletho sibeka amaqanda ayi-8-16 ngesimo esidlulile.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-6, kuvela izibungu zama-bumblebee, zikhula ngokushesha, zidla ukudla okulethwa yintokazi.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 - 19, izibungu ze-bumblebee ziqala ukwaluka ukhukhunathi futhi zikhulule. Emva kwezinye izinsuku eziyi-10-18, amabhungane asemancane aqala ukuphuma kumakhukhunathi, eziququda. By the way, cocoons kamuva ezingenalutho zingasetshenziswa ukugcina uju noma impova. Ngemuva kokuvela kwenzalo yokuqala, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-30 kusukela ngesikhathi sokubeka amaqanda, isibeletho cishe asiphumi esidlekeni. Imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ukudla ithathwa yizingane zayo zokuqala - abantu abasebenzayo abenza yonke eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile.
Kepha abesilisa abazelwe, ezinsukwini ezingama-3-5 ngemuva kokudalwa umuntu omdala, bashiya izidleke zabo zabazali beyofuna ezinye izidleke nezinye izindlovukazi abazothandana nazo ngesikhathi sokuzala ekwindla.
Ngabe i-bumblebee ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Impilo yomqwayizi imfushane futhi incike endaweni yomqwayizi emphakathini wezinyoni, lapho umuntu osebenzayo ehlala khona uhlala cishe amasonto amabili. Izimbongi, abesilisa bahlala isikhathi esingangenyanga, futhi bafa ngokushesha nje kokuzala, umsunguli wesifazane uhlala isikhathi eside kunanoma ngubani omunye, abesifazane abazalwa entwasahlobo bafa ekwindla, futhi labo abazalwa ekwindla nabasinda ebusika bangahlala ngisho unyaka wonke - kuze kube yilapho liwa elilandelayo.
Meadow bumblebee
UyiBombus pratorum ngesiLatini, uhlala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kanye nase-Asia (eKazakhstan, engxenyeni yase-Asia yeRussian Federation, eTaiga, e-Urals naseSiberia). Inobukhulu obuncane: izintokazi zifinyelela ku-15 mm ubude, abantu abasebenzayo bebonke 9-14 mm. Ikhanda limnyama, futhi ngemuva kwalo kukhona ukhololo ophuzi ophuzi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kungamaqhugwane alezi zinhlobo aqala ukuphuma entwasahlobo kusuka ebusika. I-Nest ebusweni bomhlaba noma emithini.
IBumblebee idolobha
Le bumblebee ihlala kulo lonke i-Eurasia, isuka e-Ireland isentshonalanga iye eSakhalin eMpumalanga. Ummeleli omncane kakhulu, ubude bomzimba sowesifazane buyi-10-22 mm, izisebenzi - 9-15 mm. Ifaka ibele elibomvu, kanti esiswini kunebhendi emnyama nesiliphu esimhlophe.
Bumblebee steppe
Ingummeleli omkhulu womndeni we-bumblebee, ubude bomzimba besifazane bufika ku-32-35 mm. Kucishe kube yileso sikwele esikwele. Umbala we-steppe bumblebee uphuzi ngokuphuzi ngebhendi emnyama phakathi kwamaphiko. Lo mbumbulu uhlala eMpumalanga Yurophu, kufaka phakathi i-Ukraine, i-Asia Minor, iNyakatho Iran, neTranscaucasia. Incamela i-steppe bumblebee kufulethi, emaphethelweni ezinyawo nasentabeni. Izindlovu zihlelwe ngemisele yemigqa emhlabathini. Kubhalwe ku-Red Book of Ukraine.
Ngaphansi komhlaba bumblebee
Le bumblebee ine-proboscis ende, kanye nomzimba omude nothando lokufudumala. Kuthunyelwe e-Eurasia, kusuka e-UK kuya e-Urals. Umbala ophuzi wale bumblebee ufiphele kunowamanye amabhungane. Inobukhulu obuphakathi: izinsikazi zifinyelela ku-19-22 mm, abantu abasebenzayo bango-11-18 mm. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-bumblebee engaphansi komhlaba yayingenye yezinhlobo ezine zezimbungulu ezingeniswe zisuka eNgilandi zaya eNew Zealand ngenhloso yokungcolisa i-clover yendawo. Izindlovu, njengoba igama lazo lisho, zihlelwe ngaphansi komhlaba.
Moss Bumblebee
Kuhlala khona uhla olubanzi: i-Eurasia, cishe yonke indawo ngaphandle kwezifunda ezinamakhaza. Ubukhulu bufika ku-18-22 mm, abantu abasebenzayo bango-15 mm. Inombala ogqamile ophuzi-golide kanye emuva. Wakha imijondolo yohlobo lomhlabathi.
Umhlaba Bumblebee
Le bumblebee ihlukaniswa umhlane ngebhendi ebomvu ngombala obomvu kanye nesihloko esikhulu esimnyama. Abesifazane bafinyelela ku-19-23 mm ubude, abantu abasebenzayo bango-11-17 mm. Bahlala eYurophu, phambili e-Asia nasenyakatho-nentshonalanga ye-Afrika. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, sekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, kwaqalwa inqubo yokufuya izimboni yalolu hlobo lwe-bumblebee. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-bumblebee yobumba iletha izinzuzo ezinkulu, isiza ukuqothulwa kwezilimo ezahlukahlukene (kufaka phakathi utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, ukhukhamba, upelepele kanye nesitrobheli).
I-Armeni bumblebee
Ummeleli onqabile wombuso we-bumblebee, emazweni amaningi, kubandakanya ne-Ukraine, abhalwe ku-Red Book. Ihlala eMpumalanga Yurophu naseAsia Minor. Ubude bomzimba walesi bumblebee bungama-21-32 mm. Inamaphiko ansundu nezihlathi eziphakeme.
Bumblebee
Ummeli omncane wombuso we-bumblebee, onombala okhanye kancanyana kunamanye ama-bumblebees. Uthanda imfudumalo, uhlala ezigodini ezingasenyakatho zamahlathi. Yakha izidleke ebusweni bomhlaba kusuka otshanini nase moss, kepha kwesinye isikhathi isebenzisa izimbobo zamagundane ezifudunyezwa yilanga njengezidleke.
Ingadi bumblebee
Kanye ne-bumblebee engaphansi komhlaba ngaleso sikhathi, amaNgisi ayethula eNew Zealand, lapho ihlala khona kuze kube namuhla. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu, ungahlangana ne-bumblebee engadini ebanzi kusukela e-England uye eSiberia. Isibeletho singama 18-18 mm ubude, abantu abasebenzayo bayi-11-16 mm. Isifuba sale bumblebee siphuzi ngomucu omnyama phakathi kwamaphiko. Ungumnikazi we-proboscis ende kakhulu nezidleke ngaphansi komhlaba emiseleni yakudala eshiywe ngamagundane.
Ukulunywa yi-Bumblebee nemiphumela yako
Ngokuvamile, i-bumblebee yisinambuzane esithanda ukuthula, yona uqobo ayihlaseli, futhi ingaluma kuphela ngenkathi izivikela. Noma kunjalo, ukulunywa kwe-bumblebee kubuthakathaka futhi akunabungozi, lokhu akuyona indondo yakho. Ukugwazwa emzimbeni akuhlali, i-bumblebee iyibuyisela yona uqobo, kepha ubuthi obukhishwe ekuqineni ngesikhathi sokuluma bungadala imizwa engemnandi: ukulunywa, ubuhlungu, ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, esimweni esibi kakhulu, zingahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa lokhu kwenzeka ezimweni ezingavamile, ngoba kubantu abaningi abaphilile, ubuthi be-bumblebee buyingozi.
Yini okufanele uyenze ekhaya uma i-bumblebee bit
Impela, into enhle ukumane uvimbele ukulunywa yizinyosi, ngoba konke lokhu okufanele ukwenze hhayi ukuzama ukuthatha izingcungcu ezandleni zakho, kodwa kubuke ngokwemvelo ukuze ungahlali ngebhothi ngephutha “endaweni ethambile” yakho. Kepha uma noma kunjalo, ukulunywa okugoqiwe kwenzeka, usizo lokuqala kufanele lube ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Indawo elunywe kufanele ihlanzwe nge-antiseptic, utshwala noma amanzi nosipho.
- Beka i-compress ebandayo endaweni elunywa.
- Ungalokothi uphuze utshwala ngemuva kokulunywa.
- Ukulunywa, uma kukhona, kungasuswa nge-antihistamine: suprastin, claritin, zirtek, njll.
Izitha ZamaBumblebees
Izitha ezinkulu ze-bumblebees izintuthwane, ukweba uju kowesifazane, ukweba amaqanda nezibungu ze-bumblebee. Ukuze bazivikele ezintuthwaneni, izimbungulu zakha izidleke zazo ngaphezulu komhlaba, kude nezintuthwane.
Enye into eyisitha sezinyosi yizimpukane nezimpukane ze-canopid, ezibuye zintshontshe noju lwezinyosi zidle amazinyane. Ezinye izinyoni, ezifana nesidleke sezinyosi segolide, zidla izinyosi, sizibhincize.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngama-bumblebees
- Ukulima ama-Bumblebee kungumnyango obalulekile wezolimo, ukuzalanisa ama-bumblebee kwenziwa ngenkuthalo ukukhulisa umkhiqizo wezitshalo.
- Phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi ngokwemithetho yama-aerodynamics, i-bumblebee imane nje ayikwazi ukundiza kanti nezindiza zayo, okubonakala sengathi kuphambene nemithetho ye-physics, ososayensi bamangele. Kodwa-ke, othile uZheng Jane Wang, isazi semvelo e-Cornell University e-United States, wakwazi ukuchaza indlela yokuqhuma kwezinyoni ezindizayo ezimisweni zama-aerodynamics.
- Ekuseni, kuvela umlingiswa odabukisayo esidlekeni se-bumblebee, okuthiwa i- bumblebee bumblebee, eshubisa kakhulu. Phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi ngale ndlela uvusa izihlobo zakhe ukuthi zisebenze. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwavela ukuthi ngendlela elula (ngosizo lomsebenzi wezicubu zomzimba) lo bumblebee umane nje afudumele ekuseni, amahora abanda kakhulu.
Incazelo yeBumblebee
Lesi sinambuzane singabamele abamele ama-arthropods, isidalwa esinamaphiko, umndeni wezinyosi zangempela. Zisondele ngezindlela eziningi eduze nezinyosi. Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300 zezinyoni emhlabeni.
Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-80 zisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke, ngaphandle kwe-Australia. Izinambuzane zithole igama lazo ngenxa yomsindo oqondile owenziwe ngesikhathi sendiza.
Umzimba walesi sinambuzane mkhulu kakhulu kuneso wenyosi. Usayizi womzimba finyelela ku-2,5 cm, futhi kunezinhlobo zazo nezinkulu kakhulu kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Umzimba wesinambuzane umbozwe izinwele ezinohlonze. Izinhlobo eziningi zinomhlane omnyama ngemivimbo eza ngemibala emibili:
Futhi kutholakala nezinhlobo ezingandile zemibala engandile - omnyama omsulwa. Umzimba omkhulu wesinambuzane unensimbi emnyama ekugcineni futhi ebushelelezi futhi engenazimpawu. Umzimba we-bumblebee ufakwe ngamaphiko amabili avele obala. Amehlo wesinambuzane acishe aqonde. IHind tibia ifakwe ngama-spurs.
Abesilisa banama-antennae amancane, futhi makhulu kunabantu abasebenzayo. Abesilisa banikezwe amandla izingcaphuno, okuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sokuhluka kwezinhlobo. Lezi zinambuzane zinemihlathi enamandla enamandla engavuza kalula ukudla kwezitshalo. Zenzelwe ukwakhiwa kwezinyosi zezinyosi. Ukuze uvikele, izinambuzane ziyaluma.
Mikhulu kunesibeletho sowesilisa, unesiyeziabanikezwe abesifazane abasebenzayo. Izindlovukazi zinesisetshenziswa sokuqoqa esibhasikeni nebhulashi. Kukhona nezibeletho ezincane, ezibhekwa njengephakathi nendawo phakathi kwesibeletho nabasebenzi.
Habitat
Bahlala kuphi izimbungulu? Lo mbuzo akukho nzima ukuwuphendula, ngoba bahlala yonke indawo. Izinambuzane zinekhono lokugcina izinga lokushisa.
Kubo ukumelana nokubanda. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi baphile ngisho nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho, kubandakanya neNyakatho ekude.
Izinambuzane zikwazile ukungena kulezi zindawo:
Kodwa-ke, lesi sici asibavumeli ukuba ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izidalwa ezimbili kuphela ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseBrazil. Izinambuzane zizizwa zizinhle ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene - amahlathi, amasimu, izintaba. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo ukuqunjelwa yi-Asia. Lapho bahlala ezindaweni eziningi. Beza e-Australia emuva kwesikhathi futhi bahlala ezweni elilodwa.
Indlela yokuphila
Bakha izidleke zabo emigqeni kadoti, emhlabathini, emigodini yezihlahla, ezidlekeni zezinyoni nasemiseleni yamagundane nasezilwaneni ezincane. Umndeni ngamunye unabantu abangama-200-300. Kubandakanya isibeletho, ukubeka amaqanda, ama-bumblebees asebenzayo, ukudla kanye nezidleke.
Futhi emndenini kukhona abesilisa zalisa isibeletho. Kuhlala kube necilongo emndenini eliqala livuke liphume esidlekeni. Icilongo le-bumblebee likhipha izingoma ezikhethekile bese livusa wonke umndeni. Uma umndeni ungenaso isibeletho, abasebenzi besifazane bangafeza imisebenzi yabo.
Amandla okusinda kunoma yiziphi izimo zesimo sezulu kuhlotshaniswa nokukhethekile kwezilokazane. Bangaphila ngokuthula emazweni abandayo, noma kunjalo, abathandi isimo sezulu esishisayo. Izimbongi ziyakwazi gcina ukushisa komzimba kuze kufike ku-40 ° Cokudlula emazingeni okushisa asendaweni.
Ngakho-ke, kwenzeka ngenxa esheshayo ukuqina kwemisipha esifubeni, futhi ngaphandle kokuhamba kwamaphiko. Ukuqunjelwa okunjalo kuphumela ekukhuliseni izinambuzane ezikhathazayo. Izimbungulu zifudumala lapho ziqala ukuthambisa noma ukubhuqa. Lapho lesi sinambuzane siyeka ukuhamba, umzimba waso uyaphola kancane.
Ukudla kanye nokuzalela izimbungulu
Lezi zinambuzane zidla kunoma yimuphi umpe. Inqubo yokudla yenzeka usuku lonke. Qiniseka ukuthi ubeka isikhathi sokuletha ukudla kwezindlovukazi. Ama-bumblebees awakhethi imibala egqamile, ngakho-ke awahlali kuphela ezimbali, kodwa futhi nasezihlahleni ukuphuza ujusi.
Ngenqubo yokuqoqa umpe, basabalalisa imbewu. Ukwelashwa okuthandwayo kwama-bumblebees i-clover. Ama-Clover ahlakazeka ngenxa yezingcezwana, ngoba imbewu yazo ithwalwa ngesikhathi lapho iqoqa umpe.
Ukuzala kabusha kulolu hlobo lwezinambuzane kwenzeka ngokubeka amaqanda. Le ndaba enzima emndenini yindlovukazi yesibeletho. Ziyaphila ebusika futhi ngokuqala kokushisa, insikazi evundisiwe iyandiza icashe. Insikazi iqala ukuzondla ngenkuthalo, ifuna indawo efanelekile yokwakha isidleke.
Ukungcola akahlali eshayisa. Izinyosi ezisebenzayo zakha izinyosi zezidleke ezidlekeni, futhi izinsikazi zingazifaka emsipheni nge-wax kanye nompe. Ngemuva kwalokho, izimbungulu zaqala ukubeka amaqanda. Isibeletho kufanele silandele inqubo yokuqhekeka izibungu. Umndeni wonke uletha ukudla esidlekeni. Lapho izibungu ziba, insikazi iyayeka ukulandela izibungu.
Izinsikazi ezisencane zifika zizongena esikhundleni sezinsikazi ezindala, futhi ezindala cishe zonke zifa kungakapheli inyanga. Kukhona izinsikazi eziningana ezisele, ngaphezu kwalokho, zivundisiwe. Bangabusika buthule ukuze bakwazi ukwakha isidleke futhi entwasahlobo, babeke amaqanda futhi baqale umndeni omusha. Izimbungulu zinezigaba ezi-4 zokuthuthuka kuphela - iqanda, izibungu, ipupa, imago. Isigaba sokugcina ukuguqulwa ube ngumuntu omdala.
Njengoba izibungu zikhula, izindonga zeseli zihamba kancane kancane andise futhi andise ngosayizi. Abantu abasebenzayo nabesifazane babandakanyeka ukulungisa amaseli nokubuyisela ukuhleleka esidlekeni. Amaseli alahliwe asetshenziselwa ukugcina ukudla, ngoba awasetshenziswa kabili ekuzaleni izibungu.