Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
Ibanga: | Omama |
Isigcawu: | Izibalo |
Umndeni: | Monkey |
Subfamily: | Izinkawu ezincanyana |
Ubulili: | Ama-Pigatrixes |
Buka: | Roxellan rhinopithecus |
UHenri Milne-Edward, 1870
- Rhinopithecus roxellanae
IUCN 3.1 Usengozini: 19596
Roxellan rhinopithecus (imvelaphi Rhinopithecus roxellanaemanje I-Pygathrix roxellana) Ingabe uhlobo lwenkawu yaseChina. Buka igama roxellanae Wakhelwa unkosikazi womuntu wase-Ottoman Sultan Suleiman ubuhle obedlula bonke uRoksolana, obonakala ekhaleni lakhe elikhuphukile.
Ziyahluka ngokubukeka okungajwayelekile futhi okukhanyayo: ijazi liwolintshi-golide, ubuso buluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nekhala likhale njenge-snub-nosed ngangokunokwenzeka. Izinhlobo ezingandile kakhulu, ezisengozini, ezifakwe ku-Red Book.
Bahlala eningizimu nasenkabeni yeChina. Amanani amakhulu kunabo bonke aseVolun National Reserve (iSichuan).
Izithombe zenkawu zivame ukutholakala kuma-vase asendulo amaShayina nokuphrinta kwesilika.
Indlela yokuphila
Ngaphambili bahlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, kepha ezintabeni eziphakeme ngamamitha ayinkulungwane nengxenye kuya kwezinkulungwane ezintathu, amaShayina azibiza ngokuthi “izinkawu zeqhwa”. Ehlobo benyukela phezulu ezintabeni (izinga lokushisa liphansi lapho), ebusika behlela phezulu kumamitha ayinkulungwane ngaphezu kolwandle.
Iningi lezimpilo zabo bachitha ezihlahleni. Engcupheni encane bambahlela eziqongweni zabo.
Zondla ikakhulu ngamagxolo ezihlahla (lapho kungenazithelo), izinaliti zikaphayini, kanye nama-lichens.
Ungathola kanjani
Ubude bomzimba 50-83 cm, umsila ubude 51-104 cm. Isigaba sobuso sifushane. Ikhala lifushane, liphakeme. Umugqa wezinwele uphakeme futhi awugqinsi.
Izinwele ngemuva zinombala onsundu okhanyayo noma ompunga onomugqa omhlophe phakathi nendawo emahlombe,
phezulu kwekhanda, emuva kwekhanda namahlombe kungaba mpunga-mnyama, ibunzi, izinhlangothi zekhanda, izinhlangothi zentamo kanye nengxenye yesisu sesiqu kuyinto yegolide noma izinhlangothi zekhanda nesisu zimhlophe noma ziphuzi.
Izibambo zangaphambili zivame ukuba phuzi noma zimhlophe; izitho zomzimba wasemuva ziphuzi. Umsila uphuzi onsundu.
Lapho kuhlala khona
Kusatshalaliswa eNtshonalanga China (eSichuan, eShanxi, eGansu, ezifundazweni zaseYunnan nasezifundazweni zaseGuizhou). Mhlawumbe futhi ungena ku-Assam.
Kunezindawo ezintathu ezingaphansi: R. roxellanae uhlala emahlathini asezintabeni asentshonalanga yeSichuan kanye nasemingceleni yaseTibet nasenyakatho, kubandakanya nezindawo eziseningizimu neGansu. R. G. bieti - enyakatho esenyakatho neYunnan,
umngcele oseningizimu wobubanzi ngokusobala udlula emithambekeni yeTibet, imisele ye-Mekong, enyakatho-ntshonalanga ingena esifundeni saseTibet Autonomous futhi, mhlawumbe ne-Assam. R. brelichi - esifundazweni saseGuizhou (108 ° 30 'E kuya ku-109 ° 30' E futhi kusuka ku-27 ° 40 'N kuya ku-28 ° 30' N).
Ukutholakala kweRinellos's rhinopithecus
Umvubukuli wale nhlobo yezinhlobonhlobo ungowompristi waseFrance u-Arman David. Wafika eChina ngonyaka we-1860 njengomshumayeli, kepha wazuza impumelelo enkulu ku-zoology. KwakunguDavid owathola ehlathini lezintaba ezingama-pristine esifundazweni saseSichuan izinkawu ezigolide ezibukeka buhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Isazi semvelo esidumile uMilne-Edward, ehlangane nezinto ezilethwe nguDavid e-Europe, waqhakambisa amehlo emakhaleni amangalisayo ezinhlobonhlobo zegolide, ezakhothama kakhulu ngaphezulu, zafinyelela cishe ebunzini phakathi kwabantu abadala.
Igama lezinhlobo i-Rhinopithecus lihunyushwa lisuselwa esiLatini ngokuthi "inkawu engenacala", kwathi igama lesibili lasungulwa esikhundleni sikaRoksolan, owayengunkosikazi othandekayo weSultan Suleiman I waseTurkey, obuso bakhe babuhlotshiswe ngekhala elifakwayo.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zeRoxellan rhinopithecus
I-Roxellan rhinopithecus iyinkawu enkulu, ubude bomzimba ifinyelela ku-0.57-0.75 m, umsila ngama-50-70 cm.Izilwane zesilisa zifinyelela ku-16 kg, abesifazane - ukuya ku-35 kg. Ijazi liyi-orange-golden. Abesifazane nabesilisa bakhombisa izimpawu zokwehluka ngombala wejazi: abesilisa banesisu, ibunzi nentamo yelesi yegolide.
I -ape, amahlombe, izingalo ngemuva, ikhanda nomsila wethoni emnyama. Kwabesifazane, lezi zingxenye ezifanayo zomzimba zipendwe nsundu - zimnyama. Ikhala lithambile, kube nokuvuleka kwempumulo okuvelele ebusweni. Izibopho ezimbili zesikhumba emakhaleni amakhulu avulekile zakha iziqongo ezicishe zithinte ibunzi.
I-Roxellan rhinopithecus (Pygathrix roxellana).
Izindawo zokuhlala zeRoxellan rhinopithecus
Izindawo zokuhlala zeRoxellan rhinopithecus zitholakala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nezindawo ezishisayo, futhi zitholakala ezintabeni eziphakeme ukusuka ku-1600 kuye ku-4000 000 metres. Izinkawu zeGolide zihlala emahlathini athambile futhi anamaqabunga amahle. Ihlosi eliphansi lakhiwa amahlumela we-bamboo kanye nezinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlala ziluhlaza.
I-Roxellanic rhinopithecus - Izinkawu zaseChinese zaqanjwa ngobuhle bendabuko uRoxolana, owayekhala ekhaleni.
Ebusika, kulezi zindawo izinga lokushisa lehla ngaphansi kwe-zero futhi livame ukudonsa, kwesinye isikhathi elimboza umhlabathi izinyanga eziyisithupha. Kulezi zimo ezingezinhle kangako, izilwane ziyabekezelela imbandela ebandayo, futhi ngenxa yalesi simo esingafani sazo, bezibiza ngokuthi "izinkawu zeqhwa".
Ngokuqala kokushisa, i-rhinopithecus iya phezulu ezintabeni, ihlala emahlathini anobuhlakani futhi ikhuphukele emngceleni oshubile wendawo abakuyo, futhi abekho ngenhla kuphela ngoba alikho ihlathi kulezi zindawo. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ama-primates ehlela ezigodini nasezintabeni ezansi efuna ukudla, e-taiga egcwele iqhwa ukudla kwezinkawu kungafinyeleleki.
Umsoco weRoxellan rhinopithecus
Ama-Roxellan rhinophytes ehlobo ehlobo adla ngamaqabunga amancane, amahlumela, izithelo, izimbali, imbewu kanye ne-lichens. Ebusika, ama-primates ashintshela ekudleni okuhlanganisiwe futhi adle amagxolo esihlahla, izinaliti zikaphayini, amalangabi. Yize izinkawu zegolide zithola ukudla ezihlahleni, nokho zehlela emhlabathini ukuze zizondle ngotshani abasha, u-anyanisi wasendle, imbewu, namantongomane.
Izinkawu zegolide azivamile ukwehlela emhlabathini, ziphila, zithole ukudla futhi zizale ezihlahleni.
I-Roxellan rhinopithecus makazi sendawo
URoxellan rhinopithecus uzivumelanise nendlela yokuphila nezimo ezinzima. Uboya obufudumele obunobuso obungaphansi obukhulu nezici zokuziphatha kuzisiza ukuba zingabandisi ebusika.
Imvamisa, wonke amalungu omndeni we-monkey alala, aqabulana aze asindise ukushisa. Abesilisa bahlala ubusuku ngokwahlukana futhi bahlala beqaphile, bavikela umndeni engozini.
Impilo yonke yalezi zilwane zenzeka ezihlahleni. Behlela emhlabathini kuphela ukucacisa ubudlelwane nezihlobo zabo noma ukudla ngamakhambi amasha. Ngokusongelwa okuncane, izinkawu zisheshe zigibela eziqongweni zezihlahla.
Izici zokuziphatha kwezenhlalo zeRoxellan rhinopithecus
I-Roxellanic rhinopithecus ihlala emihlanjini emincane yezilwane ezi-5-10, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ihlangana ngamaqoqo amakhulu, afinyelela ezinkombeni ezingama-600. Emaqenjini amaningi, imindeni emincane iyakhiwa, iholwa owesilisa osekhulile. Abaholi bazigcina zizimele ezinye izinkawu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuphumula.
Ama-Rhinophytes ama-Roxellan ayivelakancane, ayabekwa engcupheni, futhi abhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu.
Abesilisa bangaba bobabili ngokwesilisa noma ukuhlangana namanye amadoda. Izintokazi zaseRhinopithecus ziyizilwane ezinemisindo, ezinobungane futhi zivame ukuba yizilwane ezinamahloni. Ngenxa yenhlangano enjalo yezenhlalo eyinkimbinkimbi, ukuxabana kuqubuka ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha ukulwa okungathi sína akunqabile futhi kuhambisana nokuklazwa nokukhonkotha kwezinkawu ezinolaka. AmaRinellan rhinophytes asebenzisa isikhathi esiningi enakekela uboya bawo begolide. Ubudlelwano obunjalo phakathi kwezihlobo busekela isakhiwo senhlalo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kweRoxellan rhinopithecus
I-Roxellan male rhinopithecus iyakwazi ukuzalanisa, ifinyelele eminyakeni engu-7, abesifazane ngaphambili - iminyaka engu-4-5. Ukuhluma kugcina kusuka ku-Agasti kuya kuLwezi, kuya ngendawo. Owesifazane uvame ukuthwala ingalo eyodwa yezinyanga eziyi-7. Yondla abancane ngobisi isikhathi esingangonyaka, kwezinye izimo isikhathi eside ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezinzima nokuntuleka kokudla. Unina wenzalo unabasizi abavikela wonke umhlambi ezitheni. Ngasikhathi sinye, izingane zibekwa maphakathi neqembu lenkawu, kanti abesilisa bavikela inzalo, etholakala ngaphandle.
Ngokuyisisekelo, umama unakekela lelo konyana.
Ukuvikelwa kweRoxellan rhinopithecus
I-Roxellan rhinopithecus ifakwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN njengezinhlobo ezisengozini, ifakwe ku-CITES (Isithasiselo I), futhi ibuye yabhalwe ohlwini Olubomvu lweZinto Ezisengozini ngomthetho wase-US. I-Monkey yeGolide ingukuqala okungakavami kakhulu okwaphunyuka ekutadisheni okujulile ngabachwepheshe. Iningi ledatha latholwa lapho kubhekwa izinkawu ekudingisweni noma kulwazi olulinganiselwe kusuka empilweni yezilwane zasendle.
Ukuvinjelwa kokudubula i-roxellan rhinopithecus kwabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekubuyiseni inani lezinkawu ezingandile. Njengamanje, cishe ama-5,000 ama-rhinopithecus ahlala emahlathini. Kepha kuningi okudingeka kwenziwe ukuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa okwengeziwe kwendawo. Kusungulwe inethiwekhi yezokulondolozwa kwemvelo namapaki emvelo ezindaweni ezivikelwe.
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Bit yomlando
I-Roxellan rhinopithecus inkawu yegolide engenzi lutho. Imvelaphi yegama layo inomlando othokozisayo.
Umpristi ovela eFrance Arman David ungowokuqala waseYurophu ukuhlangana nalaba abamele izwe elihlukile. Wafika ngekhulu le-19 eChina njengezithunywa zevangeli zokudumisa ama Katolika kuleli lizwe elikude.
Kamuva, umpristi owayeyithanda kakhulu i-zoology waletha izinto ezithile eYurophu mayelana nezinhlobo ezintsha zezinkawu, isazi esidumile sezilwane uMiln-Edward saba nentshisekelo ngaso. Wahlatshwa umxhwele kakhulu impumulo yalezi zilwane - zazigobile kangangokuba zafika ebunzini kwabanye abantu abadala. Ngenxa yalesi sici, usosayensi wanikeza lezi zilwane igama lesiLatini (iRhinopithecus roxellanae), lapho igama lokuqala ligama elijwayelekile futhi lisho ukuthi "inkawu emfushane", kanti eyesibili igama lezinhlobo (roxellanae) egameni likankosikazi kaSuleiman the Magnificent (stoman Otteryan). Lona ubuhle bendatshana uRoksolana onekhala eliguquliwe.
Indawo yokusabalalisa, indawo yokuhlala
Ama-rhinophytes aseRoxellan ahlala ezindaweni eziseCentral and Southern China (Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu). Ezinhlotsheni ezintathu zezinkawu ezinamahlwili eChina, lena yindawo ebanzi kunazo zonke ezweni. Bahlala emahlathini asezintabeni akhiwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1,500 kuye kuma-3,400. Kulezi zindawo, isembozo seqhwa sifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngonyaka.
Imifino iyashintsha ngokuphakama. Ukusuka emahlathini abanzi nasemahlumeni asezingeni eliphansi kuya kumahlathi ahlanganisiwe futhi anwebekile amakhulu endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kwama-2200. Ngaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-2600, izimila ze-coniffort ziyakhula. Ehlobo, izinkawu zegolide zihamba ziye ezintabeni, futhi ebusika ziye ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1,500. Kwimvelo yabo, izinga lokushisa eliphakathi konyaka liphakathi kuka-6.4 ° C (-8.3 ° C - ubuncane bukaJanuwari, + 21.7 ° C - ubukhulu bukaJulayi). Lolu hlobo lwenkawu lungolunye lwezinto ezingabanda kakhulu phakathi kwezilwane zasendulo, maqondana nazo okuthiwa kwesinye isikhathi ngokuthi “izinkawu zeqhwa” eChina.
Izici ze-rhinopithecus kaRoxellan
Ziyahluka ngokubukeka okugqamile futhi okungajwayelekile kakhulu: ijazi liyigolide-orenji noma ligolide-nsundu, ubuso bucwebezela, ekhaleni linobunono obukhulu. Lezi mhlawumbe ziyizilwane ezingathandeki kakhulu zeqembu lesikhathi esedlule ezintabeni zase China.
Izinkawu zeGolide yizilwane ezincane ezinobukhulu bomzimba wamasentimitha angama-66 kuye kwangama-76 kanye nomsila ubude obufika kuma-72 cm. Isisindo somzimba sowesilisa osekhulile singama-16 kg, abesifazane - cishe ama-10 kg. I-hue yombala wejazi incike eminyakeni yobudala bezinkawu.
Abesilisa
Isimo sabesilisa kuncike ekukhuthazeleni, isibindi kanye nenani labafazi, kuyilapho owesifazana ehlonishwa kakhulu uma enezingane.
Ukuvela kwezingxabano akuhambisani ngaso sonke isikhathi nokusetshenziswa kwezikhali ezinamandla, njengoba zivikela. Futhi esikhundleni sokuphindisela ngokomzimba, baneliswa yimiphumela emangazayo emangalisayo, ukukhonkotha nokubhonga. Kaningi ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane azilwi, umuntu ophumelele kuvame ukuba ngowesilisa okubonakala kwakhe ethuse kakhulu. Ngakho konke lokhu, izinkawu ezinamahlwili azinakubhekwa njengamagwala - abantu abakhulu kakhulu bangavikela ngokuphumelelayo ezinsukeni, izingwe nakwezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinkawu zaseChina
Izinkawu ezinezinwele ezi-golide zilwa namazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nezinyoka, zikwazi ukondla cishe kunoma yiziphi izimo. Zichuma kakhulu ngalezo zinsuku lapho izintaba zase China zazimbozwe amahlathi aminyene angapheli. Kodwa-ke, abalimi baseChina, abasebenza kanzima kakhulu, baye banqoba amazwe amakhulu kusuka emvelweni yemvelo amakhulu eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphinde bazingela izinkawu, okunciphisa kakhulu inani labantu.
Namuhla, emahlathini aseChinese, inani le-Roxellan rhinopithecus licishe libe ngabantu abangama-5000. Emashumini eminyaka edlule, kuye kwenzeka izinguquko esezisindisiwe zalezi zilwane - izidalwa ezisengozini yokuzivikela zithathwe ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kweziphathimandla zasekhaya. Izindawo zokuhlala kwezinkawu zegolide ziphenduke amapaki nezinqolobane, futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezinzima kubazingeli. Ukuqamba okunjalo akuvumelanga kuphela ukumisa ukuqothulwa kwabo, kodwa futhi nokuzinza isibalo, futhi sikwenyuse nasezindaweni.